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Rahman-Soad A, Skuras L, Reinecke A, Varama M, Hilker M. Sawfly Sex Pheromones: Analysis of Their Impact on Pine Odor Attractive to Egg Parasitoids. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01547-1. [PMID: 39287721 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Pinus sylvestris trees are known to efficiently defend themselves against eggs of the herbivorous sawfly Diprion pini. Their direct defense against eggs is primable by prior exposure to the sex pheromones of this species and their indirect defense involves attraction of egg parasitoids by egg-induced pine needle odor. But it is unknown whether exposure of pine to D. pini sex pheromones also affects pine indirect defense against sawfly eggs. In this study, we investigated the influence of exposure of P. sylvestris trees to the sex pheromones of D. pini on indirect defense mediated by egg parasitoids. Behavioral assays with Closterocerus ruforum, a key parasitoid of sawfly eggs, revealed no significant attraction to odor from egg-free pines pre-exposed to pheromones. Chemical analyses of odor from egg-free pines showed no pheromone-induced change in the emission rates of the known key terpenoids promoting parasitoid attraction. Further comparative analyses of odor from egg-laden pines pre-exposed to the sex pheromones and of odor from egg-laden pines unexposed to pheromones neither revealed significant differences in the emission rates of terpenoids relevant for parasitoid attraction. The results suggest that a pheromone-induced or pheromone-primed, egg-induced pine indirect defense seems to be redundant in addition to the known pheromone-primable pine direct defense against the eggs and the known egg-inducible indirect defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifur Rahman-Soad
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludwig Skuras
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Reinecke
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martti Varama
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Berardi N, Amirsadeghi S, Swanton CJ. Plant competition cues activate a singlet oxygen signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:964476. [PMID: 39228834 PMCID: PMC11368760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.964476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress responses of Arabidopsis to reflected low red to far-red signals (R:FR ≈ 0.3) generated by neighboring weeds or an artificial source of FR light were compared with a weed-free control (R:FR ≈1.6). In the low R:FR treatments, induction of the shade avoidance responses (SAR) coincided with increased leaf production of singlet oxygen (1O2). This 1O2 increase was not due to protochlorophyllide accumulation and did not cause cell death. Chemical treatments, however, with 5-aminolevulinic acid (the precursor of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis) and glutathione (a quinone A reductant) enhanced cell death and growth inhibition. RNA sequencing revealed that transcriptome responses to the reflected low R:FR light treatments minimally resembled previously known Arabidopsis 1O2 generating systems that rapidly generate 1O2 following a dark to light transfer. The upregulation of only a few early 1O2 responsive genes (6 out of 1931) in the reflected low R:FR treatments suggested specificity of the 1O2 signaling. Moreover, increased expression of two enzyme genes, the SULFOTRANSFERASE ST2A (ST2a) and the early 1O2-responsive IAA-LEUCINE RESISTANCE (ILR)-LIKE6 (ILL6), which negatively regulate jasmonate level, suggested that repression of bioactive JAs may promote the shade avoidance (versus defense) and 1O2 acclimation (versus cell death) responses to neighboring weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Berardi
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sasan Amirsadeghi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Rahman-Soad A, Bittner N, Hilker M. Pine Response to Sawfly Pheromones: Effects on Sawfly's Oviposition and Larval Growth. INSECTS 2024; 15:458. [PMID: 38921172 PMCID: PMC11203435 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Insect pheromones have been intensively studied with respect to their role in insect communication. However, scarce knowledge is available on the impact of pheromones on plant responses, and how these in turn affect herbivorous insects. A previous study showed that exposure of pine (Pinus sylvestris) to the sex pheromones of the pine sawfly Diprion pini results in enhanced defenses against the eggs of this sawfly; the egg survival rate on pheromone-exposed pine needles was lower than that on unexposed pine. The long-lasting common evolutionary history of D. pini and P. sylvestris suggests that D. pini has developed counter-adaptations to these pine responses. Here, we investigated by behavioral assays how D. pini copes with the defenses of pheromone-exposed pine. The sawfly females did not discriminate between the odor of pheromone-exposed and unexposed pine. However, when they had the chance to contact the trees, more unexposed than pheromone-exposed trees received eggs. The exposure of pine to the pheromones did not affect the performance of larvae and their pupation success. Our findings indicate that the effects that responses of pine to D. pini sex pheromones exert on the sawfly eggs and sawfly oviposition behavior do not extend to effects on the larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifur Rahman-Soad
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12163 Berlin, Germany; (A.R.-S.); (N.B.)
| | - Norbert Bittner
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12163 Berlin, Germany; (A.R.-S.); (N.B.)
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12163 Berlin, Germany; (A.R.-S.); (N.B.)
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Escobar-Bravo R, Schimmel BCJ, Zhang Y, Wang L, Robert CAM, Glauser G, Ballaré CL, Erb M. Far-red light increases maize volatile emissions in response to volatile cues from neighbouring plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38872585 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants perceive the presence and defence status of their neighbours through light and volatile cues, but how plants integrate both stimuli is poorly understood. We investigated if and how low Red to Far red light (R:FR) ratios, indicative of shading or canopy closure, affect maize (Zea mays) responses to herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), including the green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. We modulated light signalling and perception by using FR supplementation and a phyB1phyB2 mutant, and we determined volatile release as a response readout. To gain mechanistic insights, we examined expression of volatile biosynthesis genes, hormone accumulation, and photosynthesis. Exposure to a full blend of HIPVs or (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate induced maize volatile release. Short-term FR supplementation increased this response. In contrast, prolonged FR supplementation or constitutive phytochrome B inactivation in phyB1phyB2 plants showed the opposite response. Short-term FR supplementation enhanced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate-induced JA-Ile levels. We conclude that a FR-enriched light environment can prompt maize plants to respond more strongly to HIPVs emitted by neighbours, which might be explained by changes in photosynthetic processes and phytochrome B signalling. Our findings reveal interactive responses to light and volatile cues with potentially important consequences for plant-plant and plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaqin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- 2IIBio, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Meijer D, Hopkoper S, Weldegergis BT, Westende WV, Gort G, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. Effects of far-red light on the behaviour and reproduction of the zoophytophagous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus and its interaction with a whitefly herbivore. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:187-196. [PMID: 37705240 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants can detect neighbouring plants through a reduction in the ratio between red and far-red light (R:FR). This provides a signal of plant-plant competition and induces rapid plant growth while inhibiting defence against biotic stress, two interlinked responses designated as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Consequently, the SAS can influence plant-herbivore interactions that could cascade to higher trophic levels. However, little is known about how the expression of the SAS can influence tritrophic interactions. We investigated whether changes in R:FR affect the emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), and whether these changes influence the attraction of the zoophytophagous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. We also studied how the expression of the SAS and subsequent inhibition of plant defences affects the reproduction of M. pygmaeus in both the presence and absence of the greenhouse whitefly (WF) (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) as arthropod prey. The results show that changes in R:FR have little effect on HIPV emissions and predator attraction. However, a reduction in R:FR leads to increased reproduction of both the predator and the WFs. We discuss that shade avoidance responses can increase the population development of M. pygmaeus through a combination of reduced plant defences and increased herbivore densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Meijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syb Hopkoper
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy Van't Westende
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Gort
- Biometris, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Qian J, Liao Y, Jian G, Jia Y, Zeng L, Gu D, Li H, Yang Y. Light induces an increasing release of benzyl nitrile against diurnal herbivore Ectropis grisescens Warren attack in tea (Camellia sinensis) plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3464-3480. [PMID: 37553868 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are critical compounds that directly or indirectly regulate the tritrophic interactions among herbivores, natural enemies and plants. The synthesis and release of HIPVs are regulated by many biotic and abiotic factors. However, the mechanism by which multiple factors synergistically affect HIPVs release remains unclear. Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is the object of this study because of its rich and varied volatile metabolites. In this study, benzyl nitrile was released from herbivore-attacked tea plants more in the daytime than at night, which was consistent with the feeding behaviour of tea geometrid (Ectropis grisescens Warren) larvae. The Y-tube olfactometer assay and insect resistance analysis revealed that benzyl nitrile can repel tea geometrid larvae and inhibit their growth. On the basis of enzyme activities in transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana plants, CsCYP79 was identified as a crucial regulator in the benzyl nitrile biosynthetic pathway. Light signalling-related transcription factor CsPIF1-like and the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling-related transcription factor CsMYC2 serve as the activator of CsCYP79 under light and damage conditions. Our study revealed that light (abiotic factor) and herbivore-induced damage (biotic stress) synergistically regulate the synthesis and release of benzyl nitrile to protect plants from diurnal herbivorous tea geometrid larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guotai Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxia Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dachuan Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Kessler A, Mueller MB, Kalske A, Chautá A. Volatile-mediated plant-plant communication and higher-level ecological dynamics. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R519-R529. [PMID: 37279686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in general and herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) in particular are increasingly understood as major mediators of information transfer between plant tissues. Recent findings have moved the field of plant communication closer to a detailed understanding of how plants emit and perceive VOCs and seem to converge on a model that juxtaposes perception and emission mechanisms. These new mechanistic insights help to explain how plants can integrate different types of information and how environmental noise can affect the transmission of information. At the same time, ever-new functions of VOC-mediated plant-plant interactions are being revealed. Chemical information transfer between plants is now known to fundamentally affect plant organismal interactions and, additionally, population, community, and ecosystem dynamics. One of the most exciting new developments places plant-plant interactions along a behavioral continuum with an eavesdropping strategy at one end and mutually beneficial information-sharing among plants within a population at the other. Most importantly and based on recent findings as well as theoretical models, plant populations can be predicted to evolve different communication strategies depending on their interaction environment. We use recent studies from ecological model systems to illustrate this context dependency of plant communication. Moreover, we review recent key findings about the mechanisms and functions of HIPV-mediated information transfer and suggest conceptual links, such as to information theory and behavioral game theory, as valuable tools for a deeper understanding of how plant-plant communication affects ecological and evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kessler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michael B Mueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aino Kalske
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Alexander Chautá
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Shor E, Ravid J, Sharon E, Skaliter O, Masci T, Vainstein A. SCARECROW-like GRAS protein PES positively regulates petunia floral scent production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:409-425. [PMID: 36760164 PMCID: PMC10152688 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Emission of scent volatiles by flowers is important for successful pollination and consequently, reproduction. Petunia (Petunia hybrida) floral scent is formed mainly by volatile products of the phenylpropanoid pathway. We identified and characterized a regulator of petunia scent production: the GRAS protein PHENYLPROPANOID EMISSION-REGULATING SCARECROW-LIKE (PES). Its expression increased in petals during bud development and was highest in open flowers. Overexpression of PES increased the production of floral volatiles, while its suppression resulted in scent reduction. We showed that PES upregulates the expression of genes encoding enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and shikimate pathways in petals, and of the core regulator of volatile biosynthesis ODORANT1 by activating its promoter. PES is an ortholog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PHYTOCHROME A SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 1, involved in physiological responses to far-red (FR) light. Analyses of the effect of nonphotosynthetic irradiation (low-intensity FR light) on petunia floral volatiles revealed FR light as a scent-activating factor. While PHYTOCHROME A regulated scent-related gene expression and floral scent production under FR light, the influence of PES on volatile production was not limited by FR light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shor
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jasmin Ravid
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elad Sharon
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Skaliter
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tania Masci
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Vainstein
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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9
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Meijer D, van der Vleut J, Weldegergis BT, Costaz T, Duarte MVA, Pekas A, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. Effects of far-red light on tritrophic interactions between the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis on tomato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1820-1828. [PMID: 36641545 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of light-emitting diode (LED) lights in horticulture allows growers to adjust the light spectrum to optimize crop production and quality. However, changes in light quality can also influence plant-arthropod interactions, with possible consequences for pest management. The addition of far-red light has been shown to interfere with plant immunity, thereby increasing plant susceptibility to biotic stress and increasing pest performance. Far-red light also influences plant emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and might thus influence tritrophic interactions with biological control agents. We investigated how far-red light influences the VOC-mediated attraction of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis to tomato plants infested with Tetranychus urticae, and its ability to control T. urticae populations. RESULTS Far-red light significantly influences herbivore-induced VOC emissions of tomato plants, characterized by a change in relative abundance of terpenoids, but this did not influence the attraction of P. persimilis to herbivore-induced plants. Supplemental far-red light led to an increased population growth of T. urticae and increased numbers of P. persimilis. This resulted in a stronger suppression of T. urticae populations under supplemental far-red light, to similar T. urticae numbers as in control conditions without supplemental far-red light. CONCLUSION We conclude that supplemental far-red light can change herbivore-induced VOC emissions but does not interfere with the attraction of the predator P. persimilis. Moreover, far-red light stimulates biological control of spider mites in glasshouse tomatoes due to increased population build-up of the biocontrol agent. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Meijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaimie van der Vleut
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Biobest Group N.V., R&D Department, Westerlo, Belgium
| | | | - Thibault Costaz
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Escobar-Bravo R, Lin PA, Waterman JM, Erb M. Dynamic environmental interactions shaped by vegetative plant volatiles. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:840-865. [PMID: 36727645 PMCID: PMC10132087 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to November 2022Plants shape terrestrial ecosystems through physical and chemical interactions. Plant-derived volatile organic compounds in particular influence the behavior and performance of other organisms. In this review, we discuss how vegetative plant volatiles derived from leaves, stems and roots are produced and released into the environment, how their production and release is modified by abiotic and biotic factors, and how they influence other organisms. Vegetative plant volatiles are derived from different biosynthesis and degradation pathways and are released via distinct routes. Both biosynthesis and release are regulated by other organisms as well as abiotic factors. In turn, vegetative plant volatiles modify the physiology and the behavior of a wide range of organisms, from microbes to mammals. Several concepts and frameworks can help to explain and predict the evolution and ecology of vegetative plant volatile emission patterns of specific pathways: multifunctionality of specialized metabolites, chemical communication displays and the information arms race, and volatile physiochemistry. We discuss how these frameworks can be leveraged to understand the evolution and expression patterns of vegetative plant volatiles. The multifaceted roles of vegetative plant volatiles provide fertile grounds to understand ecosystem dynamics and harness their power for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jamie M Waterman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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11
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Kashiwagi GA, von Oppen S, Harburguer L, González-Audino P. The main component of the scent of Senecio madagascariensis flowers is an attractant for Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:837-846. [PMID: 35792561 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the main vectors of arboviruses, including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. It almost exclusively inhabits urban areas. Both sexes feed on plant carbohydrates, although for males, this is their only food source. In the case of floral nectars, mosquitoes locate plant sugar sources assisted by volatile compounds. In this work, we found that the floral scent of Senecio madagascariensis elicited a behavioral response in males; therefore, we focused on identifying the volatiles emitted by these flowers. The terpenes (±)-α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, and phellandrene and 1-alkenes 1-undecene, and 1-nonene were identified. To determine which compounds are bioactive, pure synthetic lures were assessed using an olfactometer. Only the main compound 1-nonene was an attractant for males. Since our goal was the introduction of synthetic floral-based attractants in toxic sugar-baited traps, we formulated 1-nonene in solid paraffin and stearin matrices to obtain a controlled release system. The bioassay with a toxicological end point showed that the incorporation of a feeding attractant to the toxic sugar trap increased overall mortality. These results suggest that it is possible to use plant volatile compounds or flower cuttings as male Ae. aegypti attractants to improve the efficacy of baited traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Kashiwagi
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S von Oppen
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Harburguer
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P González-Audino
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Yang YY, Ma B, Li YY, Han MZ, Wu J, Zhou XF, Tian J, Wang WH, Leng PS, Hu ZH. Transcriptome analysis identifies key gene LiMYB305 involved in monoterpene biosynthesis in Lilium 'Siberia'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1021576. [PMID: 36420028 PMCID: PMC9677127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1021576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lilium is a popular cut flower that is highly favored by consumers due to its snowy white color and strong fragrance, which originates from the release of monoterpenes. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of monoterpene synthesis remains poorly understood. In this study, the content of three main monoterpenes (linalool, ocimene, and myrcene) was examined in Lilium 'Siberia', and RNA sequencing of the 11 stages of flower development was conducted. The biosynthesis of the three monoterpenes increased with flower development, reaching their peak levels at the full flowering stage. Transcriptome data revealed 257,140 unigenes, with an average size of 794 bp, from which 43,934 differentially expressed genes were identified and enriched in the KEGG pathways partly involved in plant hormone signal transduction and monoterpenoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the essential factor LiMYB305 was identified by WGCNA after the release of the flower fragrance. The transient silencing of LiMYB305 in petals using VIGS technology showed that the mRNA expression levels of LiLiS, LiOcS, and LiMyS were significantly downregulated and that the release of linalool, ocimene, and myrcene had decreased significantly. Y1H, LUC, and EMSA experiments revealed that LiMYB305 directly bound and activated the LiOcS promoter to increase the synthesis of monoterpenes. Taken together, these results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of monoterpene synthesis and provide valuable information to investigate the formation of the flower fragrance in Lilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yao Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Zheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-He Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Sheng Leng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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13
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Kivimäenpä M, Mofikoya A, Abd El-Raheem AM, Riikonen J, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Holopainen JK. Alteration in Light Spectra Causes Opposite Responses in Volatile Phenylpropanoids and Terpenoids Compared with Phenolic Acids in Sweet Basil ( Ocimum basilicum) Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12287-12296. [PMID: 36126343 PMCID: PMC9545148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum, cv. Dolly) grew under three different light spectra (A, B, and C) created by light-emitting diode lamps. The proportions of UV-A, blue, and green-yellow wavelengths decreased linearly from A to C, and the proportions of red and far-red wavelengths increased from A to C. Photosynthetic photon flux density was 300 μmol m-2 s-1 in all spectra. The spectrum C plants had highest concentrations of phenolic acids (main compounds: rosmarinic acid and cichoric acid), lowest concentrations and emissions of phenylpropanoid eugenol and terpenoids (main compounds: linalool and 1,8-cineole), highest dry weight, and lowest water content. Conversely, spectra A and B caused higher terpenoid and eugenol concentrations and emissions and lower concentrations of phenolic acids. High density of peltate glandular trichomes explained high terpenoid and eugenol concentrations and emissions. Basil growth and secondary compounds affecting aroma and taste can be modified by altering light spectra; however, increasing terpenoids and phenylpropanoids decreases phenolic acids and growth and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Kivimäenpä
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adedayo Mofikoya
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmed M. Abd El-Raheem
- Department
of Economic Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Menoufia University, Shebin
El Kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Johanna Riikonen
- Natural
Resources Institute Finland, Juntintie 154, 77600 Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jarmo K. Holopainen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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14
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Yuan HY, Caron CT, Vandenberg A, Bett KE. RNA-Seq and Gene Ontology Analysis Reveal Differences Associated With Low R/FR-Induced Shade Responses in Cultivated Lentil and a Wild Relative. Front Genet 2022; 13:891702. [PMID: 35795209 PMCID: PMC9251359 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.891702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentil is an important pulse crop not only because of its high nutrient value but also because of its ecological advantage in a sustainable agricultural system. Our previous work showed that the cultivated lentil and wild lentil germplasm respond differently to light environments, especially to low R/FR-induced shade conditions. Little is known about how cultivated and wild lentils respond to shade at the level of gene expression and function. In this study, transcriptomic profiling of a cultivated lentil (Lupa, L. culinaris) and a wild lentil (BGE 016880, L. orientalis) at several growth stages is presented. De novo transcriptomes were assembled for both genotypes, and differential gene expression analysis and gene ontology enrichment analysis were performed. The transcriptomic resources generated in this study provide fundamental information regarding biological processes and genes associated with shade responses in lentils. BGE 016880 and Lupa shared a high similarity in their transcriptomes; however, differential gene expression profiles were not consistent between these two genotypes. The wild lentil BGE 016880 had more differentially expressed genes than the cultivated lentil Lupa. Upregulation of genes involved in gibberellin, brassinosteroid, and auxin synthesis and signaling pathways, as well as cell wall modification, in both genotypes explains their similarity in stem elongation response under the shade. Genes involved in jasmonic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were downregulated in BGE 016880 only, and biological processes involved in defense responses were significantly enriched in the wild lentil BGE 016880 only. Downregulation of WRKY and MYB transcription factors could contribute to the reduced defense response in BGE 016880 but not in Lupa under shade conditions. A better understanding of shade responses of pulse crop species and their wild relatives will play an important role in developing genetic strategies for crop improvement in response to changes in light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ying Yuan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carolyn T. Caron
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kirstin E. Bett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kirstin E. Bett,
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15
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Wang H, Seiler C, Sreenivasulu N, von Wirén N, Kuhlmann M. INTERMEDIUM-C mediates the shade-induced bud growth arrest in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1963-1977. [PMID: 34894212 PMCID: PMC8982414 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tiller formation is a key agronomic determinant for grain yield in cereal crops. The modulation of this trait is controlled by transcriptional regulators and plant hormones, tightly regulated by external environmental conditions. While endogenous (genetic) and exogenous (environmental factors) triggers for tiller formation have mostly been investigated separately, it has remained elusive how they are integrated into the developmental program of this trait. The transcription factor gene INTERMEDIUM-C (INT-C), which is the barley ortholog of the maize domestication gene TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1), has a prominent role in regulating tiller bud outgrowth. Here we show that INT-C is expressed in tiller buds, required for bud growth arrest in response to shade. In contrast to wild-type plants, int-c mutant plants are impaired in their shade response and do not stop tiller production after shading. Gene expression levels of INT-C are up-regulated under light-limiting growth conditions, and down-regulated after decapitation. Transcriptome analysis of wild-type and int-c buds under control and shading conditions identified target genes of INT-C that belong to auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Our study identifies INT-C as an integrator of the shade response into tiller formation, which is prerequisite for implementing shading responses in the breeding of cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Christiane Seiler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
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16
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Wang D, Dawadi B, Qu J, Ye J. Light-Engineering Technology for Enhancing Plant Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:805614. [PMID: 35251062 PMCID: PMC8891579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.805614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect vector-borne diseases are a major constraint to a wide variety of crops. Plants integrate environmental light and internal signalings to defend dual stresses both from the vector insects and vector-transmitted pathogens. In this review, we highlight a studies that demonstrate how light regulates plants deploying mechanisms against vector-borne diseases. Four major host defensive pathways involved in the host defense network against multiple biotic stresses are reviewed: innate immunity, phytohormone signaling, RNA interference, and protein degradation. The potential with light-engineering technology with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and genome engineering technology for fine-tuning crop defense and yield are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bishnu Dawadi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Rosenkranz M, Chen Y, Zhu P, Vlot AC. Volatile terpenes - mediators of plant-to-plant communication. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:617-631. [PMID: 34369010 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with other organisms employing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The largest group of plant-released VOCs are terpenes, comprised of isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Mono- and sesquiterpenes are well-known communication compounds in plant-insect interactions, whereas the smallest, most commonly emitted terpene, isoprene, is rather assigned a function in combating abiotic stresses. Recently, it has become evident that different volatile terpenes also act as plant-to-plant signaling cues. Upon being perceived, specific volatile terpenes can sensitize distinct signaling pathways in receiver plant cells, which in turn trigger plant innate immune responses. This vastly extends the range of action of volatile terpenes, which not only protect plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses, but also convey information about environmental constraints within and between plants. As a result, plant-insect and plant-pathogen interactions, which are believed to influence each other through phytohormone crosstalk, are likely equally sensitive to reciprocal regulation via volatile terpene cues. Here, we review the current knowledge of terpenes as volatile semiochemicals and discuss why and how volatile terpenes make good signaling cues. We discuss how volatile terpenes may be perceived by plants, what are possible downstream signaling events in receiver plants, and how responses to different terpene cues might interact to orchestrate the net plant response to multiple stresses. Finally, we discuss how the signal can be further transmitted to the community level leading to a mutually beneficial community-scale response or distinct signaling with near kin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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18
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Tabbert JM, Schulz H, Krähmer A. Increased Plant Quality, Greenhouse Productivity and Energy Efficiency with Broad-Spectrum LED Systems: A Case Study for Thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050960. [PMID: 34065972 PMCID: PMC8150821 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A light-emitting diode (LED) system covering plant-receptive wavebands from ultraviolet to far-red radiation (360 to 760 nm, “white” light spectrum) was investigated for greenhouse productions of Thymus vulgaris L. Biomass yields and amounts of terpenoids were examined, and the lights’ productivity and electrical efficiency were determined. All results were compared to two conventionally used light fixture types (high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) and fluorescent lights (FL)) under naturally low irradiation conditions during fall and winter in Berlin, Germany. Under LED, development of Thymus vulgaris L. was highly accelerated resulting in distinct fresh yield increases per square meter by 43% and 82.4% compared to HPS and FL, respectively. Dry yields per square meter also increased by 43.1% and 88.6% under LED compared to the HPS and FL lighting systems. While composition of terpenoids remained unaffected, their quantity per gram of leaf dry matter significantly increased under LED and HPS as compared to FL. Further, the power consumption calculations revealed energy savings of 31.3% and 20.1% for LED and FL, respectively, compared to HPS. In conclusion, the implementation of a broad-spectrum LED system has tremendous potential for increasing quantity and quality of Thymus vulgaris L. during naturally insufficient light conditions while significantly reducing energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Manuela Tabbert
- Plant Analysis and Storage Product Protection, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Julius Kühn Institute—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.M.T.); (A.K.); Tel.: +49-308-304-2210 (A.K.)
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Plant Analysis and Storage Product Protection, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Julius Kühn Institute—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Consulting & Project Management for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Waltraudstraße 4, 14532 Stahnsdorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Krähmer
- Plant Analysis and Storage Product Protection, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Julius Kühn Institute—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.M.T.); (A.K.); Tel.: +49-308-304-2210 (A.K.)
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19
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Lazzarin M, Meisenburg M, Meijer D, van Ieperen W, Marcelis LFM, Kappers IF, van der Krol AR, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. LEDs Make It Resilient: Effects on Plant Growth and Defense. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:496-508. [PMID: 33358304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light spectral composition influences plant growth and metabolism, and has important consequences for interactions with plant-feeding arthropods and their natural enemies. In greenhouse horticulture, light spectral composition can be precisely manipulated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and LEDs are already used to optimize crop production and quality. However, because light quality also modulates plant secondary metabolism and defense, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in the context of the growth-defense trade-off. We review the effects of the spectral composition of supplemental light currently used, or potentially used, in greenhouse horticulture on the mechanisms underlying plant growth and defense. This information is important for exploring opportunities to optimize crop performance and pest management, and thus for developing resilient crop-production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lazzarin
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Meisenburg
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Meijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W van Ieperen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A R van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Fernández-Milmanda GL, Ballaré CL. Shade Avoidance: Expanding the Color and Hormone Palette. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:509-523. [PMID: 33461868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Major strides have been made over the past decade in elucidating the mechanisms that mediate shade-avoidance responses. The canonical PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-auxin pathway that begins with inactivation of phytochrome B (phyB) by a low red:far-red (R:FR) ratio, and that leads to increased elongation, has been thoroughly characterized in arabidopsis (Arabidopsisthaliana) seedlings. Nevertheless, studies in other life stages and plant species have demonstrated the role of other wavelengths, photoreceptors, and hormones in the orchestration of shade-avoidance responses. We highlight recent developments that illustrate how canopy light cues regulate signaling through auxin, gibberellins (GAs), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and strigolactones (SLs) to modulate key aspects of plant growth, metabolism, and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe L Fernández-Milmanda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBIO), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Perez-Sanz F, Ruiz-Hernández V, Terry MI, Arce-Gallego S, Weiss J, Navarro PJ, Egea-Cortines M. gcProfileMakeR: An R Package for Automatic Classification of Constitutive and Non-Constitutive Metabolites. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040211. [PMID: 33807334 PMCID: PMC8065537 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomes comprise constitutive and non-constitutive metabolites produced due to physiological, genetic or environmental effects. However, finding constitutive metabolites and non-constitutive metabolites in large datasets is technically challenging. We developed gcProfileMakeR, an R package using standard Excel output files from an Agilent Chemstation GC-MS for automatic data analysis using CAS numbers. gcProfileMakeR has two filters for data preprocessing removing contaminants and low-quality peaks. The first function NormalizeWithinFiles, samples assigning retention times to CAS. The second function NormalizeBetweenFiles, reaches a consensus between files where compounds in close retention times are grouped together. The third function getGroups, establishes what is considered as Constitutive Profile, Non-constitutive by Frequency i.e., not present in all samples and Non-constitutive by Quality. Results can be plotted with the plotGroup function. We used it to analyse floral scent emissions in four snapdragon genotypes. These included a wild type, Deficiens nicotianoides and compacta affecting floral identity and RNAi:AmLHY targeting a circadian clock gene. We identified differences in scent constitutive and non-constitutive profiles as well as in timing of emission. gcProfileMakeR is a very useful tool to define constitutive and non-constitutive scent profiles. It also allows to analyse genotypes and circadian datasets to identify differing metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Perez-Sanz
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | | | - Marta I. Terry
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (M.I.T.); (J.W.)
| | | | - Julia Weiss
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (M.I.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Pedro J. Navarro
- DSIE Cuartel de Antiguones, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain;
| | - Marcos Egea-Cortines
- Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+I, Plaza del Hospital s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain; (M.I.T.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868071078
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22
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Iqbal Z, Iqbal MS, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Ansari MI. Plant Defense Responses to Biotic Stress and Its Interplay With Fluctuating Dark/Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631810. [PMID: 33763093 PMCID: PMC7982811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in attaining full genetic potential for growth and reproduction. One such environmental condition is the recurrent attack on plants by herbivores and microbial pathogens. To surmount such attacks, plants have developed a complex array of defense mechanisms. The defense mechanism can be either preformed, where toxic secondary metabolites are stored; or can be inducible, where defense is activated upon detection of an attack. Plants sense biotic stress conditions, activate the regulatory or transcriptional machinery, and eventually generate an appropriate response. Plant defense against pathogen attack is well understood, but the interplay and impact of different signals to generate defense responses against biotic stress still remain elusive. The impact of light and dark signals on biotic stress response is one such area to comprehend. Light and dark alterations not only regulate defense mechanisms impacting plant development and biochemistry but also bestow resistance against invading pathogens. The interaction between plant defense and dark/light environment activates a signaling cascade. This signaling cascade acts as a connecting link between perception of biotic stress, dark/light environment, and generation of an appropriate physiological or biochemical response. The present review highlights molecular responses arising from dark/light fluctuations vis-à-vis elicitation of defense mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Iqbal
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Roeber VM, Bajaj I, Rohde M, Schmülling T, Cortleven A. Light acts as a stressor and influences abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:645-664. [PMID: 33190307 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result in photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation around photosystems II and I, respectively. Ultraviolet light causes photodamage to DNA and a prolongation of the light period initiates the photoperiod stress syndrome. Changes in light quality and quantity, as well as in light duration are also key factors impacting the outcome of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Short day or shady environments enhance thermotolerance and increase cold acclimation. Similarly, shade conditions improve drought stress tolerance in plants. Additionally, the light environment affects the plants' responses to biotic intruders, such as pathogens or insect herbivores, often reducing growth-defence trade-offs. Understanding how plants use light information to modulate stress responses will support breeding strategies to enhance crop stress resilience. This review summarizes the effect of light as a stressor and the impact of the light environment on abiotic and biotic stress responses. There is a special focus on the role of the different light receptors and the crosstalk between light signalling and stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venja M Roeber
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ishita Bajaj
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Rohde
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Vlot AC, Sales JH, Lenk M, Bauer K, Brambilla A, Sommer A, Chen Y, Wenig M, Nayem S. Systemic propagation of immunity in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1234-1250. [PMID: 32978988 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic immunity triggered by local plant-microbe interactions is studied as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR) depending on the site of induction and the lifestyle of the inducing microorganism. SAR is induced by pathogens interacting with leaves, whereas ISR is induced by beneficial microbes interacting with roots. Although salicylic acid (SA) is a central component of SAR, additional signals exclusively promote systemic and not local immunity. These signals cooperate in SAR- and possibly also ISR-associated signaling networks that regulate systemic immunity. The non-SA SAR pathway is driven by pipecolic acid or its presumed bioactive derivative N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid. This pathway further regulates inter-plant defense propagation through volatile organic compounds that are emitted by SAR-induced plants and recognized as defense cues by neighboring plants. Both SAR and ISR influence phytohormone crosstalk towards enhanced defense against pathogens, which at the same time affects the composition of the plant microbiome. This potentially leads to further changes in plant defense, plant-microbe, and plant-plant interactions. Therefore, we propose that such inter-organismic interactions could be combined in potentially highly effective plant protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Corina Vlot
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jennifer H Sales
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Miriam Lenk
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Kornelia Bauer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Alessandro Brambilla
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Anna Sommer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Shahran Nayem
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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Pierik R, Ballaré CL. Control of Plant Growth and Defense by Photoreceptors: From Mechanisms to Opportunities in Agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:61-76. [PMID: 33276158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants detect and respond to the proximity of competitors using light signals perceived by photoreceptor proteins. A low ratio of red to far-red radiation (R:FR ratio) is a key signal of competition that is sensed by the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB). Low R:FR ratios increase the synthesis of growth-related hormones, including auxin and gibberellins, promoting stem elongation and other shade-avoidance responses. Other photoreceptors that help plants to optimize their developmental configuration and resource allocation patterns in the canopy include blue light photoreceptors, such as cryptochromes and phototropins, and UV receptors, such as UVR8. All photoreceptors act by directly or indirectly controlling the activity of two major regulatory nodes for growth and development: the COP1/SPA ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and the PIF transcription factors. phyB is also an important modulator of hormonal pathways that regulate plant defense against herbivores and pathogens, including the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances on the studies of the mechanisms that link photoreceptors with growth and defense. Understanding these mechanisms is important to provide a functional platform for breeding programs aimed at improving plant productivity, stress tolerance, and crop health in species of agronomic interest, and to manipulate the light environments in protected agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IIBIO-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhao P, Zhang X, Gong Y, Wang D, Xu D, Wang N, Sun Y, Gao L, Liu SS, Deng XW, Kliebenstein DJ, Zhou X, Fang RX, Ye J. Red-light is an environmental effector for mutualism between begomovirus and its vector whitefly. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1008770. [PMID: 33428670 PMCID: PMC7822537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Environments such as light condition influence the spread of infectious diseases by affecting insect vector behavior. However, whether and how light affects the host defense which further affects insect preference and performance, remains unclear, nor has been demonstrated how pathogens co-adapt light condition to facilitate vector transmission. We previously showed that begomoviral βC1 inhibits MYC2-mediated jasmonate signaling to establish plant-dependent mutualism with its insect vector. Here we show red-light as an environmental catalyzer to promote mutualism of whitefly-begomovirus by stabilizing βC1, which interacts with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) transcription factors. PIFs positively control plant defenses against whitefly by directly binding to the promoter of terpene synthase genes and promoting their transcription. Moreover, PIFs interact with MYC2 to integrate light and jasmonate signaling and regulate the transcription of terpene synthase genes. However, begomovirus encoded βC1 inhibits PIFs' and MYC2' transcriptional activity via disturbing their dimerization, thereby impairing plant defenses against whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses. Our results thus describe how a viral pathogen hijacks host external and internal signaling to enhance the mutualistic relationship with its insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel J. Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Xiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li S, Hamani AKM, Si Z, Liang Y, Gao Y, Duan A. Leaf Gas Exchange of Tomato Depends on Abscisic Acid and Jasmonic Acid in Response to Neighboring Plants under Different Soil Nitrogen Regimes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1674. [PMID: 33260470 PMCID: PMC7759899 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High planting density and nitrogen shortage are two important limiting factors for crop yield. Phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA), play important roles in plant growth. A pot experiment was conducted to reveal the role of ABA and JA in regulating leaf gas exchange and growth in response to the neighborhood of plants under different nitrogen regimes. The experiment included two factors: two planting densities per pot (a single plant or four competing plants) and two N application levels per pot (1 and 15 mmol·L-1). Compared to when a single plant was grown per pot, neighboring competition decreased stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (Tr) and net photosynthesis (Pn). Shoot ABA and JA and the shoot-to-root ratio increased in response to neighbors. Both gs and Pn were negatively related to shoot ABA and JA. In addition, N shortage stimulated the accumulation of ABA in roots, especially for competing plants, whereas root JA in competing plants did not increase in N15. Pearson's correlation coefficient (R2) of gs to ABA and gs to JA was higher in N1 than in N15. As compared to the absolute value of slope of gs to shoot ABA in N15, it increased in N1. Furthermore, the stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation of competing plants in N1 were much higher than in other treatments. It was concluded that the accumulations of ABA and JA in shoots play a coordinating role in regulating gs and Pn in response to neighbors; N shortage could intensify the impact of competition on limiting carbon fixation and plant growth directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhuanyun Si
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yueping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
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28
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Krause T, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Schmidt A. Analysis of the isoprenoid pathway intermediates, dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, from crude plant extracts by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:770-777. [PMID: 32337807 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a sensitive and accurate analytical method for the detection and quantification of IDP and DMADP as well as their monophosphate derivatives in crude plant extracts. METHODS A liquid chromatography method coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was established to measure the amounts of IDP and DMADP down to low picogram levels, which was linear over at least three orders of magnitude. Extracts were enriched using an anion exchanger, and chromatographic separation was achieved using a β-cyclodextrin column. A S-thiolodiphosphate analog of DMADP was employed as an internal standard. RESULTS Dilution series of authentic compounds were used to determine the limits of detection and quantification for IDP, DMADP and their corresponding monophosphates. A survey of plant species producing varying amounts of isoprenoids showed a corresponding variation in IDP and DMADP with the ratio of DMADP/IDP ranging from 4:1 to 2:1. Trace levels of isopentenyl monophosphate (IP) and dimethylallyl monophosphate (DMAP) were also detected. CONCLUSION The LC-MS/MS method described enables absolute quantification of in planta levels of IDP and DMADP for the first time. The method is also suitable for analysing bacterial and animal samples as well as enzyme assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Krause
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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29
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Benevenuto RF, Seldal T, Moe SR, Rodriguez-Saona C, Hegland SJ. Neighborhood Effects of Herbivore-Induced Plant Resistance Vary Along an Elevational Gradient. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Bryophytes can recognize their neighbours through volatile organic compounds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7405. [PMID: 32366980 PMCID: PMC7198583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between vascular plants through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) impacts on ecosystem functioning. However, nothing is known about that between non-vascular plants. To investigate plant-plant VOCs interaction in bryophytes we exposed rare peatland moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus to VOCs of its common competitor Sphagnum flexuosum in an air-flow system of connected containers under artificial light, supplemented or unsupplemented by far-red (FR) light. When exposed to VOCs of S. flexuosum, shoots of H. vernicosus elongated and emitted six times higher amounts of a compound chemically related to β-cyclocitral, which is employed in stress signalling and allelopathy in vascular plants. The VOCs emission was affected similarly by FR light addition, possibly simulating competition stress. This is the first evidence of plant-plant VOCs interaction in non-vascular plants, analogous to that in vascular plants. The findings open new possibilities for understanding the language and evolution of communication in land plants.
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31
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Courbier S, Pierik R. Canopy Light Quality Modulates Stress Responses in Plants. iScience 2019; 22:441-452. [PMID: 31816531 PMCID: PMC6909002 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants growing at high density are in constant competition for light with each other. The shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is an effective way to escape neighboring vegetation. Even though the molecular mechanisms regulating SAS have been long studied, interactions between light and other environmental signaling pathways have only recently received attention. Under natural conditions, plants deal with multiple stresses simultaneously. It is, therefore, key to identify commonalities, distinctions, and interactions between plant responses to different environmental cues. This review outlines the current understanding of the interplay between canopy light signaling and other stresses, both biotic and abiotic. Understanding plant responses to multiple stimuli, factoring in the dominance of light for plant life, is essential to generate crops with increased resilience against climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Courbier
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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32
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Kigathi RN, Weisser WW, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Unsicker SB. Plant volatile emission depends on the species composition of the neighboring plant community. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:58. [PMID: 30727963 PMCID: PMC6366091 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants grow in multi-species communities rather than monocultures. Yet most studies on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants in response to insect herbivore feeding focus on one plant species. Whether the presence and identity of neighboring plants or plant community attributes, such as plant species richness and plant species composition, affect the herbivore-induced VOC emission of a focal plant is poorly understood. METHODS We established experimental plant communities in pots in the greenhouse where the focal plant species, red clover (Trifolium pratense), was grown in monoculture, in a two species mixture together with Geranium pratense or Dactylis glomerata, or in a mixture of all three species. We measured VOC emission of the focal plant and the entire plant community, with and without herbivory of Spodoptera littoralis caterpillars caged on one red clover individual within the communities. RESULTS Herbivory increased VOC emission from red clover, and increasing plant species richness changed emissions of red clover and also from the entire plant community. Neighbor identity strongly affected red clover emission, with highest emission rates for plants growing together with D. glomerata. CONCLUSION The results from this study indicate that the blend of VOCs perceived by host searching insects can be affected by plant-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose N. Kigathi
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University, P.O Box 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Present Address: Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sybille B. Unsicker
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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33
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Schuman MC, Baldwin IT. Field studies reveal functions of chemical mediators in plant interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5338-5353. [PMID: 29770376 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00749c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants are at the trophic base of most ecosystems, embedded in a rich network of ecological interactions in which they evolved. While their limited range and speed of motion precludes animal-typical behavior, plants are accomplished chemists, producing thousands of specialized metabolites which may function to convey information, or even to manipulate the physiology of other organisms. Plants' complex interactions and their underlying mechanisms are typically dissected within the controlled environments of growth chambers and glasshouses, but doing so introduces conditions alien to plants evolved in natural environments, such as being pot-bound, and receiving artificial light with a spectrum very different from sunlight. The mechanistic understanding gained from a reductionist approach provides the tools required to query and manipulate plant interactions in real-world settings. The few tests conducted in natural ecosystems and agricultural fields have highlighted the limitations of studying plant interactions only in artificial environments. Here, we focus on three examples of known or hypothesized chemical mediators of plants' interactions: the volatile phytohormone ethylene (ET), more complex plant volatile blends, and as-yet-unknown mediators transferred by common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). We highlight how mechanistic knowledge has advanced research in all three areas, and the critical importance of field work if we are to put our understanding of chemical ecology on rigorous experimental and theoretical footing, and demonstrate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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34
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Gommers CMM, Monte E. Seedling Establishment: A Dimmer Switch-Regulated Process between Dark and Light Signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1061-1074. [PMID: 29217596 PMCID: PMC5813566 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A balance between dark and light signaling directs seedling establishment through integrating internal and environmental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M M Gommers
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Muñoz-Parra E, Salmerón Barrera G, Ruiz-Herrera LF, Valencia-Cantero E, López-Bucio J. Self-plant perception via long-distance signaling. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1404218. [PMID: 29125418 PMCID: PMC5792132 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1404218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are influenced by the interactions with other organisms including bacteria, fungi, herbivores and neighboring plants. Plant density influences the phase transitions during the entire life cycle and root architecture through a mechanism involving auxin and MEDIATOR 25 in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the nature of the signals that are perceived in response to increasing number of neighbors remains elusive. Here, we report that plant-plant perception can occur distantly, since root growth and auxin response in Arabidopsis seedlings grown at high plant density into half-divided Petri plates, decreased both primary root growth and lateral root formation in comparison with single plants grown alone, which correlates with reduced auxin response at the primary root tip. It is possible that a diffusible, yet unidentified volatile can be perceived by neighbors to synchronize physiological and developmental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Muñoz-Parra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P., Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Guadalupe Salmerón Barrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P., Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P., Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Eduardo Valencia-Cantero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P., Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P., Morelia, Michoacán, México
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36
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Ballaré CL, Pierik R. The shade-avoidance syndrome: multiple signals and ecological consequences. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2530-2543. [PMID: 28102548 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants use photoreceptor proteins to detect the proximity of other plants and to activate adaptive responses. Of these photoreceptors, phytochrome B (phyB), which is sensitive to changes in the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio of sunlight, is the one that has been studied in greatest detail. The molecular connections between the proximity signal (low R:FR) and a model physiological response (increased elongation growth) have now been mapped in considerable detail in Arabidopsis seedlings. We briefly review our current understanding of these connections and discuss recent progress in establishing the roles of other photoreceptors in regulating growth-related pathways in response to competition cues. We also consider processes other than elongation that are controlled by photoreceptors and contribute to plant fitness under variable light conditions, including photoresponses that optimize the utilization of soil resources. In examining recent advances in the field, we highlight emerging roles of phyB as a major modulator of hormones related to plant immunity, in particular salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (JA). Recent attempts to manipulate connections between light signals and defence in Arabidopsis suggest that it might be possible to improve crop health at high planting densities by targeting links between phyB and JA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Suárez-Vidal E, López-Goldar X, Sampedro L, Zas R. Effect of Light Availability on the Interaction between Maritime Pine and the Pine Weevil: Light Drives Insect Feeding Behavior But Also the Defensive Capabilities of the Host. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1452. [PMID: 28912787 PMCID: PMC5583597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Light is a major environmental factor that may determine the interaction between plants and herbivores in several ways, including top-down effects through changes in herbivore behavior and bottom-up effects mediated by alterations of plant physiology. Here we explored the relative contribution of these two regulation processes to the outcome of the interaction of pine trees with a major forest pest, the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis). We studied to what extent light availability influence insect feeding behavior and/or the ability of pines to produce induced defenses in response to herbivory. For this purpose, 3-year old Pinus pinaster plants from three contrasting populations were subjected to 6 days of experimental herbivory by the pine weevil under two levels of light availability (complete darkness or natural sunlight) independently applied to the plant and to the insect in a fully factorial design. Light availability strongly affected the pine weevil feeding behavior. The pine weevil fed more and caused larger feeding scars in darkness than under natural sunlight. Besides, under the more intense levels of weevil damage (i.e., those registered with insects in darkness), light availability also affected the pine's ability to respond to insect feeding by producing induced resin defenses. These results were consistent across the three studied populations despite they differed in weevil susceptibility and inducibility of defenses. Morocco was the most damaged population and the one that induced more defensive compounds. Overall, results indicate that light availability modulates the outcome of the pine-weevil interactions through both bottom-up and top-down regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Zas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasPontevedra, Spain
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38
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Jiang Y, Ye J, Li S, Niinemets Ü. Methyl jasmonate-induced emission of biogenic volatiles is biphasic in cucumber: a high-resolution analysis of dose dependence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4679-4694. [PMID: 28981785 PMCID: PMC5853251 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a key airborne elicitor activating jasmonate-dependent signaling pathways, including induction of stress-related volatile emissions, but how the magnitude and timing of these emissions scale with MeJA dose is not known. Treatments with exogenous MeJA concentrations ranging from mild (0.2 mM) to lethal (50 mM) were used to investigate quantitative relationships among MeJA dose and the kinetics and magnitude of volatile release in Cucumis sativus by combining high-resolution measurements with a proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) and GC-MS. The results highlighted biphasic kinetics of elicitation of volatiles. The early phase, peaking in 0.1-1 h after the MeJA treatment, was characterized by emissions of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles and methanol. In the subsequent phase, starting in 6-12 h and reaching a maximum in 15-25 h after the treatment, secondary emissions of LOX compounds as well as emissions of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were elicited. For both phases, the maximum emission rates and total integrated emissions increased with applied MeJA concentration. Furthermore, the rates of induction and decay, and the duration of emission bursts were positively, and the timing of emission maxima were negatively associated with MeJA dose for LOX compounds and terpenoids, except for the duration of the first LOX burst. These results demonstrate major effects of MeJA dose on the kinetics and magnitude of volatile response, underscoring the importance of biotic stress severity in deciphering the downstream events of biological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi, Tartu, Estonia
- College of Art, Changzhou University, Gehu, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu, Tallinn, Estonia
- Correspondence:
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39
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Riedlmeier M, Ghirardo A, Wenig M, Knappe C, Koch K, Georgii E, Dey S, Parker JE, Schnitzler JP, Vlot AC. Monoterpenes Support Systemic Acquired Resistance within and between Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:1440-1459. [PMID: 28536145 PMCID: PMC5502447 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of volatile organic compounds in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a salicylic acid (SA)-associated, broad-spectrum immune response in systemic, healthy tissues of locally infected plants. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analyses of SAR-related emissions of wild-type and non-SAR-signal-producing mutant plants associated SAR with monoterpene emissions. Headspace exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to a mixture of the bicyclic monoterpenes α-pinene and β-pinene induced defense, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and expression of SA- and SAR-related genes, including the SAR regulatory AZELAIC ACID INDUCED1 (AZI1) gene and three of its paralogs. Pinene-induced resistance was dependent on SA biosynthesis and signaling and on AZI1 Arabidopsis geranylgeranyl reductase1 mutants with reduced monoterpene biosynthesis were SAR-defective but mounted normal local resistance and methyl salicylate-induced defense responses, suggesting that monoterpenes act in parallel with SA The volatile emissions from SAR signal-emitting plants induced defense in neighboring plants, and this was associated with the presence of α-pinene, β-pinene, and camphene in the emissions of the "sender" plants. Our data suggest that monoterpenes, particularly pinenes, promote SAR, acting through ROS and AZI1, and likely function as infochemicals in plant-to-plant signaling, thus allowing defense signal propagation between neighboring plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Riedlmeier
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Knappe
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Koch
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Georgii
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sanjukta Dey
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jane E Parker
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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40
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de Vries J, Evers JB, Poelman EH. Dynamic Plant-Plant-Herbivore Interactions Govern Plant Growth-Defence Integration. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:329-337. [PMID: 28089490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants downregulate their defences against insect herbivores upon impending competition for light. This has long been considered a resource trade-off, but recent advances in plant physiology and ecology suggest this mechanism is more complex. Here we propose that to understand why plants regulate and balance growth and defence, the complex dynamics in plant-plant competition and plant-herbivore interactions needs to be considered. Induced growth-defence responses affect plant competition and herbivore colonisation in space and time, which has consequences for the adaptive value of these responses. Assessing these complex interactions strongly benefits from advanced modelling tools that can model multitrophic interactions in space and time. Such an exercise will allow a critical re-evaluation why and how plants integrate defence and competition for light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorad de Vries
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University, Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Wageningen University, Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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41
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Escobar-Bravo R, Klinkhamer PGL, Leiss KA. Interactive Effects of UV-B Light with Abiotic Factors on Plant Growth and Chemistry, and Their Consequences for Defense against Arthropod Herbivores. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:278. [PMID: 28303147 PMCID: PMC5332372 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light plays a crucial role in plant-herbivorous arthropods interactions by inducing changes in constitutive and inducible plant defenses. In particular, constitutive defenses can be modulated by UV-B-induced photomorphogenic responses and changes in the plant metabolome. In accordance, the prospective use of UV-B light as a tool to increase plant protection in agricultural practice has gained increasing interest. Changes in the environmental conditions might, however, modulate the UV-B -induced plant responses. While in some cases plant responses to UV-B can increase adaptation to changes in certain abiotic factors, UV-B-induced responses might be also antagonized by the changing environment. The outcome of these interactions might have a great influence on how plants interact with their enemies, e.g., herbivorous arthropods. Here, we provide a review on the interactive effects of UV-B and light quantity and quality, increased temperature and drought stress on plant biochemistry, and we discuss the implications of the outcome of these interactions for plant resistance to arthropod pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Escobar-Bravo
- Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology of Leiden, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
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42
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Yang C, Li L. Hormonal Regulation in Shade Avoidance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1527. [PMID: 28928761 PMCID: PMC5591575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
At high vegetation density, shade-intolerant plants sense a reduction in the red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) light ratio (R/FR) in addition to a general reduction in light intensity. These light signals trigger a spectrum of morphological changes manifested by growth of stem-like tissue (hypocotyl, petiole, etc.) instead of harvestable organs (leaves, fruits, seeds, etc.)-namely, shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Common phenotypical changes related to SAS are changes in leaf hyponasty, an increase in hypocotyl and internode elongation and extended petioles. Prolonged shade exposure leads to early flowering, less branching, increased susceptibility to insect herbivory, and decreased seed yield. Thus, shade avoidance significantly impacts on agronomic traits. Many genetic and molecular studies have revealed that phytochromes, cryptochromes and UVR8 (UV-B photoreceptor protein) monitor the changes in light intensity under shade and regulate the stability or activity of phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs). PIF-governed modulation of the expression of auxin biosynthesis, transporter and signaling genes is the major driver for shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Besides auxin, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and ethylene are also required for shade-induced hypocotyl or petiole elongation growth. In leaves, accumulated auxin stimulates cytokinin oxidase expression to break down cytokinins and inhibit leaf growth. In the young buds, shade light promotes the accumulation of abscisic acid to repress branching. Shade light also represses jasmonate- and salicylic acid-induced defense responses to balance resource allocation between growth and defense. Here we will summarize recent findings relating to such hormonal regulation in SAS in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, and certain crops.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A. Davis
- Stockbridge Technology Centre Cawood Selby North Yorkshire YO8 3TZ UK
| | - Claire Burns
- Stockbridge Technology Centre Cawood Selby North Yorkshire YO8 3TZ UK
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44
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Jiang Y, Ye J, Li S, Niinemets Ü. Regulation of Floral Terpenoid Emission and Biosynthesis in Sweet Basil ( Ocimum basilicum). JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2016; 35:921-935. [PMID: 29367803 PMCID: PMC5777610 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-016-9591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Past studies have focused on the composition of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum leaves, but data on composition and regulation of its aerial emissions, especially floral volatile emissions are scarce. We studied the chemical profile, within-flower spatial distribution (sepals, petals, pistils with stamina and pedicels), diurnal emission kinetics and effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application on the emission of floral volatiles by dynamic headspace collection and identification using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). We observed more abundant floral emissions from flowers compared with leaves. Sepals were the main emitters of floral volatiles among the flower parts studied. The emissions of lipoxygenase compounds (LOX) and monoterpenoids, but not sesquiterpene emissions, displayed a diurnal variation driven by light. Response to exogenous MeJA treatment of flowers consisted of a rapid stress response and a longer-term acclimation response. The initial response was associated with enhanced emissions of fatty acid derivatives, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids without variation of the composition of individual compounds. The longer-term response was associated with enhanced monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid emissions with profound changes in the emission spectrum. According to correlated patterns of terpenoid emission changes upon stress, highlighted by a hierarchical cluster analysis, candidate terpenoid synthases responsible for observed diversity and complexity of released terpenoid blends were postulated. We conclude that flower volatile emissions differ quantitatively and qualitatively from leaf emissions, and overall contribute importantly to O. basilicum flavor, especially under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- College of Art, Changzhou University, Gehu 1, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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45
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Cortés LE, Weldegergis BT, Boccalandro HE, Dicke M, Ballaré CL. Trading direct for indirect defense? Phytochrome B inactivation in tomato attenuates direct anti-herbivore defenses whilst enhancing volatile-mediated attraction of predators. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:1057-1071. [PMID: 27689843 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of competition for light, which lead to the inactivation of the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB), the growth of shade-intolerant plants is promoted and the accumulation of direct anti-herbivore defenses is down-regulated. Little is known about the effects of phyB on emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which play a major role as informational cues in indirect defense. We investigated the effects of phyB on direct and indirect defenses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using two complementary approaches to inactivate phyB: illumination with a low red to far-red ratio, simulating competition, and mutation of the two PHYB genes present in the tomato genome. Inactivation of phyB resulted in low levels of constitutive defenses and down-regulation of direct defenses induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Interestingly, phyB inactivation also had large effects on the blends of VOCs induced by MeJA. Moreover, in two-choice bioassays using MeJA-induced plants, the predatory mirid bug Macrolophus pygmaeus preferred VOCs from plants in which phyB was inactivated over VOCs from control plants. These results suggest that, in addition to repressing direct defense, phyB inactivation has consequences for VOC-mediated tritrophic interactions in canopies, presumably attracting predators to less defended plants, where they are likely to find more abundant prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro E Cortés
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Luján de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Berhane T Weldegergis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, NL-6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hernán E Boccalandro
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Luján de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, NL-6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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46
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Morrell K, Kessler A. Plant communication in a widespread goldenrod: keeping herbivores on the move. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Morrell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY14853 USA
| | - André Kessler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY14853 USA
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47
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Dicke M. Plant phenotypic plasticity in the phytobiome: a volatile issue. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 32:17-23. [PMID: 27267277 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants live in a diverse and dynamic phytobiome, consisting of a microbiome as well as a macrobiome. They respond to arthropod herbivory with the emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) that are public information and can be used by any member of the phytobiome. Other members of the phytobiome, which do not directly participate in the interaction, may both modulate the induction of HIPV in the plant, as well as respond to the volatiles. The use of HIPV by individual phytobiome members may have beneficial as well as detrimental consequences for the plant. The collective result of phytobiome-modulated HIPV emission on the responses of phytobiome members and the resulting phytobiome dynamics will determine whether and under which circumstances HIPV emission has a net benefit to the plant or not. Only when we understand HIPV emission in the total phytobiome context can we understand the evolutionary consequences of HIPV emission by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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48
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Lortzing T, Steppuhn A. Jasmonate signalling in plants shapes plant-insect interaction ecology. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 14:32-39. [PMID: 27436644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) regulates the induction of direct and indirect defences against herbivores. By now, the biochemical pathway of JA-signalling has been well resolved, allowing the use of an interdisciplinary toolbox and spurring the mechanistic investigation of plant-insect interactions. Recent advances show that JA-mediated plant responses are involved in the competitive and trophic interactions between various organisms throughout at least four trophic levels and therefore likely shape natural communities. Moreover, JA-mediated responses can be primed or suppressed by various environmental factors that are related to herbivory or not. Yet, to integrate the complex interactions at the physiological and ecological levels into community ecology, an examination of the often onetime discoveries for general rules and new bioinformatic approaches are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lortzing
- Molecular Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology/Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, Berlin 12163, Germany.
| | - Anke Steppuhn
- Molecular Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology/Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, Berlin 12163, Germany.
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49
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Wang F, Guo Z, Li H, Wang M, Onac E, Zhou J, Xia X, Shi K, Yu J, Zhou Y. Phytochrome A and B Function Antagonistically to Regulate Cold Tolerance via Abscisic Acid-Dependent Jasmonate Signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:459-71. [PMID: 26527654 PMCID: PMC4704577 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light signaling and phytohormones both influence plant growth, development, and stress responses; however, cross talk between these two signaling pathways in response to cold remains underexplored. Here, we report that far-red light (FR) and red light (R) perceived by phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB positively and negatively regulated cold tolerance, respectively, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which were associated with the regulation of levels of phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and transcript levels of ABA- and JA-related genes and the C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) stress signaling pathway genes. A reduction in the R/FR ratio did not alter cold tolerance, ABA and JA accumulation, and transcript levels of ABA- and JA-related genes and the CBF pathway genes in phyA mutant plants; however, those were significantly increased in wild-type and phyB plants with the reduction in the R/FR ratio. Even though low R/FR treatments did not confer cold tolerance in ABA-deficient (notabilis [not]) and JA-deficient (prosystemin-mediated responses2 [spr2]) mutants, it up-regulated ABA accumulation and signaling in the spr2 mutant, with no effect on JA levels and signaling in the not mutant. Foliar application of ABA and JA further confirmed that JA functioned downstream of ABA to activate the CBF pathway in light quality-mediated cold tolerance. It is concluded that phyA and phyB function antagonistically to regulate cold tolerance that essentially involves FR light-induced activation of phyA to induce ABA signaling and, subsequently, JA signaling, leading to an activation of the CBF pathway and a cold response in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
| | - Zhixin Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
| | - Huizi Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
| | - Eugen Onac
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., Z.G., H.L., J.Z., X.X., K.S., J.Y., Y.Z.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (F.W., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (M.W.); andPhilips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (E.O.)
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Xie Q, Mayes S, Sparkes DL. Optimizing tiller production and survival for grain yield improvement in a bread wheat × spelt mapping population. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:51-66. [PMID: 26424785 PMCID: PMC4701148 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tiller production and survival determine final spike number, and play key roles in grain yield formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum). This study aimed to understand the genetic and physiological basis of the tillering process, and its trade-offs with other yield components, by introducing genetic variation in tillering patterns via a mapping population of wheat × spelt (Triticum spelta). METHODS The dynamics of tillering and red/far-red ratio (R:FR) at the base of a canopy arising from neighbouring plants in a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum 'Forno') × spelt (Triticum spelta 'Oberkulmer') mapping population were measured in the field in two growing seasons. Additional thinning and shading experiments were conducted in the field and glasshouse, respectively. Yield components were analysed for all experiments, followed by identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with each trait. KEY RESULTS Large genetic variation in tillering was observed, and more fertile shoots per plant were associated with more total shoots initiated, faster tillering rate, delayed tillering onset and cessation, and higher shoot survival. A total of 34 QTL for tillering traits were identified, and analysis of allelic effects confirmed the above associations. Low R:FR was associated with early tillering cessation, few total shoots, high infertile shoot number and shoot abortion, and these results concurred with the thinning and shading experiments. These effects probably resulted from an assimilate shortage for tiller buds or developing tillers, due to early stem elongation and enhanced stem growth induced by low R:FR. More fertile tillers normally contributed to plant yield and grain number without reducing yield and grain set of individual shoots. However, there was a decrease in grain weight, partly because of smaller carpels and fewer stem water-soluble carbohydrates at anthesis caused by pleiotropy or tight gene linkages. CONCLUSIONS Tillering is under the control of both genetic factors and R:FR. Genetic variation in tillering and tolerance to low R:FR can be used to optimize tillering patterns for yield improvement in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sean Mayes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Debbie L Sparkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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