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Antonio J, Evans C, Ferrando AA, Stout JR, Antonio B, Cinteo H, Harty P, Arent SM, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Kerksick CM, Pereira F, Gonzalez D, Kreider RB. Common questions and misconceptions about protein supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2341903. [PMID: 38626029 PMCID: PMC11022925 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2341903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein supplementation often refers to increasing the intake of this particular macronutrient through dietary supplements in the form of powders, ready-to-drink shakes, and bars. The primary purpose of protein supplementation is to augment dietary protein intake, aiding individuals in meeting their protein requirements, especially when it may be challenging to do so through regular food (i.e. chicken, beef, fish, pork, etc.) sources alone. A large body of evidence shows that protein has an important role in exercising and sedentary individuals. A PubMed search of "protein and exercise performance" reveals thousands of publications. Despite the considerable volume of evidence, it is somewhat surprising that several persistent questions and misconceptions about protein exist. The following are addressed: 1) Is protein harmful to your kidneys? 2) Does consuming "excess" protein increase fat mass? 3) Can dietary protein have a harmful effect on bone health? 4) Can vegans and vegetarians consume enough protein to support training adaptations? 5) Is cheese or peanut butter a good protein source? 6) Does consuming meat (i.e., animal protein) cause unfavorable health outcomes? 7) Do you need protein if you are not physically active? 8) Do you need to consume protein ≤ 1 hour following resistance training sessions to create an anabolic environment in skeletal muscle? 9) Do endurance athletes need additional protein? 10) Does one need protein supplements to meet the daily requirements of exercise-trained individuals? 11) Is there a limit to how much protein one can consume in a single meal? To address these questions, we have conducted a thorough scientific assessment of the literature concerning protein supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Cassandra Evans
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Arny A. Ferrando
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- University of Central Florida, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Brandi Antonio
- University of Central Florida, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Harry Cinteo
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Harty
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Shawn M. Arent
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Darren G. Candow
- University of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, Canada
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Brandon University, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Flavia Pereira
- Keiser University, Exercise and Sport Science, West Palm Beach Flagship Campus, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Drew Gonzalez
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
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Ebert MP, Fischbach W, Hollerbach S, Höppner J, Lorenz D, Stahl M, Stuschke M, Pech O, Vanhoefer U, Porschen R. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:535-642. [PMID: 38599580 DOI: 10.1055/a-2239-9802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
- DKFZ-Hector Krebsinstitut an der Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg
| | - Wolfgang Fischbach
- Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Krankheiten von Magen, Darm und Leber sowie von Störungen des Stoffwechsels und der Ernährung (Gastro-Liga) e. V., Giessen
| | | | - Jens Höppner
- Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Chirurgische Klinik I, Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt
| | - Michael Stahl
- Klinik für Internistische Onkologie und onkologische Palliativmedizin, Evang. Huyssensstiftung, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen
| | - Oliver Pech
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg
| | - Udo Vanhoefer
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Katholisches Marienkrankenhaus, Hamburg
| | - Rainer Porschen
- Gastroenterologische Praxis am Kreiskrankenhaus Osterholz, Osterholz-Scharmbeck
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Bai T, Peng J, Zhu X, Wu C. Vegetarian diets and the risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:1244-1252. [PMID: 37724454 PMCID: PMC10538608 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The systematic review aimed to assess the association between vegetarian diet and the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 2022 for observational studies on vegetarian diets and the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. The primary outcome was morbidity due to gastrointestinal cancer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Pooled effects were analyzed using a random-effects model. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42022310187). Eight original studies (seven cohorts and one case-control), involving 686 691 participants, were included. Meta-analysis showed a negative correlation between vegetarian diets and gastrointestinal tumorigenesis risk [relative risk (RR) equals 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) is (0.65-0.90)], compared with non-vegetarian diets. Subgroup analysis indicated that vegetarian diets were negatively correlated with the risks of gastric cancer [RR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.28-0.61)] and colorectal cancer [RR = 0.85, 95% CI (0.76-0.95)], but not with that of upper gastrointestinal cancer (excluding stomach) [RR = 0.93, 95% CI (0.61-1.42)]. Vegetarian diets were negatively correlated with the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in men [RR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.36-0.91)], but were uncorrelated in women [RR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.71-1.11)]. Vegetarian diets were negatively correlated with the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in North American [RR = 0.76, 95% CI (0.61-0.95)] and Asian populations [RR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.26-0.72)] and were uncorrelated in the European population [RR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.68-1.01)]. Adhering to vegetarian diets reduces the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. More data from well-conducted cohort and other studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Bai
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina & School of Regimen and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xinqi Zhu
- School of Foreign Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
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Di Y, Ding L, Gao L, Huang H. Association of meat consumption with the risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:782. [PMID: 37612616 PMCID: PMC10463360 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between gastrointestinal cancer and types of meat consumption, including red meat, processed meat, or a combination of both, remains disputable. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to estimate the association between meat consumption and gastrointestinal cancer risk. METHODS PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library databases were searched systematically for eligible studies that investigated the relation between meat consumption and the risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), colon cancer (CC), rectal cancer (RC), pancreatic cancer (PC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) throughout February, 2023. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was assigned as an effect estimate and calculated using a random-effects model with inverse variance weighting. RESULTS Forty cohorts comprising 3,780,590 individuals were selected for the final quantitative analysis. The summary results indicated that a higher red meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of CRC (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.16; P = 0.007) and CC (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03-1.25; P = 0.011). Moreover, a higher processed meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of CRC (RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.13-1.26; P < 0.001), CC (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.13-1.26; P < 0.001), and RC (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.08-1.42; P = 0.002). Furthermore, a higher total consumption of red and processed meat was associated with an increased risk of CRC (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.20; P < 0.001), CC (RR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.04-1.33; P = 0.012), and RC (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04-1.39; P = 0.016). Finally, the strength of higher consumption of total red and processed meat with the risk of GC, and higher consumption of red meat with the risk of RC in subgroup of high adjusted level was lower than subgroup of moderate adjusted level, while the strength of higher consumption of processed meat with the risk of RC and HCC in subgroup of follow-up ≥ 10.0 years was higher than subgroup of follow-up < 10.0 years. CONCLUSIONS This study found that meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of CRC, CC, and RC, and dietary intervention could be considered an effective strategy in preventing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Di
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology Surgery/ Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luying Gao
- Department of Ultrasond/Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bujanda-Miguel G, Martínez-Roca A, García-Heredia A, Guill-Berbegal D, Roche E, Jover R. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and its association with multiple colonic polyps of unknown origin: a case-control study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1186808. [PMID: 37426188 PMCID: PMC10324649 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1186808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple colonic polyps do not have a genetic origin in most patients, and the cause of this phenotype remains elusive. Environmental factors, such as diet, could be related to this phenotype. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the adherence to Mediterranean diet and multiple colonic polyps of unknown origin. Methods A case-control pilot study was carried out with a sample of 38 individuals, including 23 cases with more than 10 adenomatous or serrated polyps from the national multicenter project EPIPOLIP and 15 healthy controls with normal colonoscopy. A validated Spanish version of the MEDAS questionnaire was administered to cases and controls. Results Adherence to Mediterranean diet was higher in controls than in patients with multiple colonic polyps (MEDAS score: 8.6 ± 1.4 vs. 7.0 ± 1.6; p = 0.01). Optimal overall adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern was significantly higher among the controls than among cases (MEDAS score >9: 46% vs. 13%; OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03-0.83). Non-optimal adherence to the Mediterranean diet acts as a risk factor for developing colorectal cancer derived from colorectal polyps. Conclusion Our results suggest that environmental factors play a role in the pathogenesis of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bujanda-Miguel
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Roca
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - David Guill-Berbegal
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
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S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:e209-e307. [PMID: 37285869 DOI: 10.1055/a-1771-6953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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7
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D'Avanzo B, Ardoino I, Negri E, Serraino D, Crispo A, Giacosa A, Garavello W, Bravi F, Turati F, Bosetti C, Fattore E, La Vecchia C, Franchi C. Canned Fish Consumption and Upper Digestive Tract Cancers. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:707-712. [PMID: 36495166 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2154078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Canned fish is a widely consumed and affordable food whose effect on cancer risk has been little investigated. We studied its effect on risk of upper digestive tract cancers using data from a network of hospital-based case-control studies from Northern Italy providing information about canned fish consumption as a separate item and including a total of 946 patients with oral cavity and pharynx cancer, 304 patients with esophageal cancer, 230 patients with gastric cancer and 3273 controls. Twenty-three percent of patients with cancer of the oral cavity or pharynx and 26% of those with cancer of the stomach consumed ≥1 serving per week of canned fish, compared to 40% and 49% of the respective control group. Among cases of esophageal cancer and controls 22% consumed ≥1 serving per week of canned fish. Odds ratios for ≥1 vs <1 portion per week were 0.79 (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.64-0.97) for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for stomach cancer, whereas there was no inverse association with esophageal cancer. These findings suggest a favorable role of canned fish for selected upper digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D'Avanzo
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ardoino
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Werner Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Fattore
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Franchi
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Italian Institute for Planetary Health (IIPH), Milan, Italy
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Mayfield KE, Plasencia J, Ellithorpe M, Anderson RK, Wright NC. The Consumption of Animal and Plant Foods in Areas of High Prevalence of Stroke and Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040993. [PMID: 36839350 PMCID: PMC9958908 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets of red and processed meat have been reported as important risk factors for developing colorectal cancer. Given the racial and ethnic differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer, patterns of food consumption, and areas of residence, particularly in the South, more data is needed on the relationship between residing in a high stroke area, colorectal cancer incidence levels, and red meat and processed meat consumption. We created online surveys to ascertain meat, red meat, and healthy food consumption levels. We used OLS regression to evaluate the association between residence in Stroke Belt states and colorectal cancer incidence quartiles with food consumption. We further used path analysis using structural equation modeling to evaluate if age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and comorbidity index mediated the association between residence in the eight-state Stroke Belt, colorectal cancer incidence groups, and meat consumption. Our sample included 923 participants, with 167 (18.1%) residing in the Stroke Belt and 13.9% being in the highest colorectal cancer incidence group. The findings show that residing in a Stroke Belt state is predictive of the consumption of overall meat 0.93 more days per week or red meat 0.55 more days per week compared to those not residing in a Stroke Belt state. These data can be used to develop future diet interventions in these high-risk areas to reduce rates of colorectal cancer and other negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E. Mayfield
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-404-413-1080
| | - Julie Plasencia
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Morgan Ellithorpe
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Raeda K. Anderson
- Virginia C. Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center and Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Nicole C. Wright
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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9
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Yun Z, Nan M, Li X, Liu Z, Xu J, Du X, Dong Q, Hou L. Processed meat, red meat, white meat, and digestive tract cancers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1078963. [PMID: 36860687 PMCID: PMC9968810 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1078963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous observational studies suggested inconsistent insights on the associations between meat intake and the risk of digestive tract cancers (DCTs). The causal effect of meat intake on DCTs is unclear. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data from UK Biobank and FinnGen to evaluate the causal effect of meat intake [processed meat, red meat (pork, beef, and lamb), and white meat (poultry)] on DCTs (esophageal, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers). The causal effects were estimated using a primary analysis that employed inverse-variance weighting (IVW) and complementary analysis that utilized MR-Egger weighted by the median. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the Cochran Q statistic, a funnel plot, the MR-Egger intercept, and a leave-one-out approach. MR-PRESSO and Radial MR were performed to identify and remove outliers. To demonstrate direct causal effects, multivariable MR (MVMR) was applied. In addition, risk factors were introduced to explore potential mediators of the relationship between exposure and outcome. Results The results of the univariable MR analysis indicated that genetically proxied processed meat intake was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer [IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-4.19; P = 0.031]. The causal effect is consistent in MVMR (OR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.14-13.04; P = 0.030) after controlling for the influence of other types of exposure. The body mass index and total cholesterol did not mediate the causal effects described above. There was no evidence to support the causal effects of processed meat intake on other cancers, except for colorectal cancer. Similarly, there is no causal association between red meat, white meat intake, and DCTs. Conclusions Our study reported that processed meat intake increases the risk of colorectal cancer rather than other DCTs. No causal relationship was observed between red and white meat intake and DCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Hou
- *Correspondence: Li Hou ✉
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10
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Sheikh M, Roshandel G, McCormack V, Malekzadeh R. Current Status and Future Prospects for Esophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:765. [PMID: 36765722 PMCID: PMC9913274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the ninth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are the two main histological subtypes with distinct epidemiological and clinical features. While the global incidence of ESCC is declining, the incidence of EAC is increasing in many countries. Decades of epidemiologic research have identified distinct environmental exposures for ESCC and EAC subtypes. Recent advances in understanding the genomic aspects of EC have advanced our understanding of EC causes and led to using specific genomic alterations in EC tumors as biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this cancer. Nevertheless, the prognosis of EC is still poor, with a five-year survival rate of less than 20%. Currently, there are significant challenges for early detection and secondary prevention for both ESCC and EAC subtypes, but Cytosponge™ is shifting this position for EAC. Primary prevention remains the preferred strategy for reducing the global burden of EC. In this review, we will summarize recent advances, current status, and future prospects of the studies related to epidemiology, time trends, environmental risk factors, prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment for both EC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sheikh
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-13135, Iran
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11
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Qin X, Jia G, Zhou X, Yang Z. Diet and Esophageal Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2207-2216. [PMID: 36041184 PMCID: PMC9776643 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet may play an important role in the occurrence of esophageal cancer (EC). The aim of this umbrella review was to grade the evidence for the association between dietary factors and EC risk. A protocol for this review was registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42021283232). Publications were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL databases. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies (cohort studies, case-cohort studies, nested case-control studies) were eligible. AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) was used to assess the methodological quality of included systematic reviews. For each association, random-effects pooled effect size, 95% CI, number of cases, 95% prediction interval, heterogeneity, small-study effect, and excess significance bias were calculated to grade the evidence. From 882 publications, 107 full-text articles were evaluated for eligibility, and 20 systematic reviews and meta-analyses describing 32 associations between dietary factors and EC risk were included in the present umbrella review. By assessing the strength and validity of the evidence, 1 association (positively associated with alcohol intake) was supported by highly suggestive evidence and 1 (inversely associated with calcium intake) showed a suggestive level of evidence. Evidence for 7 associations was weak (positively associated with red meat and processed-meat intake; inversely associated with whole grains, fruits, green leafy vegetables, green tea, and zinc intake). The remaining 23 associations were nonsignificant. In conclusion, the findings of this umbrella review emphasize that habitually consuming calcium, whole grains, fruits, green leafy vegetables, green tea, and zinc and reducing alcohol, red meat, and processed-meat intake are associated with a lower risk of EC. Since this umbrella review included only observational study data and some of the associations were graded as weak, caution should be exercised in interpreting these relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiqing Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Address correspondence to ZY (E-mail: )
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12
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Roshani M, Baniebrahimi G, Mousavi M, Zare N, Sadeghi R, Salarinia R, Sheida A, Molavizadeh D, Sadeghi S, Moammer F, Zolfaghari MR, Mirzaei H. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs: novel molecules in gastrointestinal cancers' progression and diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1014949. [PMID: 36591473 PMCID: PMC9795196 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1014949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers arise in the GI tract and accessory organs, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. GI cancers are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exosomes act as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, with pleiotropic activity in the regulation of homeostasis, and can be markers for diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), can be transported by exosomes derived from tumor cells or non-tumor cells. They can be taken by recipient cells to alter their function or remodel the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, due to their uniquely low immunogenicity and excellent stability, exosomes can be used as natural carriers for therapeutic ncRNAs in vivo. Exosomal lncRNAs have a crucial role in regulating several cancer processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation, drug resistance, metastasis, and immunomodulation. Exosomal lncRNA levels frequently alter according to the onset and progression of cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs can therefore be employed as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs can also monitor the patient's response to chemotherapy while also serving as potential targets for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the role of exosomal lncRNAs in the biology and possible future treatment of GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mousavi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Noushid Zare
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Danial Molavizadeh
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Moammer
- Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
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13
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Connolly G, Clark CM, Campbell RE, Byers AW, Reed JB, Campbell WW. Poultry Consumption and Human Health: How Much Is Really Known? A Systematically Searched Scoping Review and Research Perspective. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2115-2124. [PMID: 36351778 PMCID: PMC9776623 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This scoping review was conducted to systematically search and chronicle scientific literature pertinent to poultry intake and human health. The protocol (uploaded to Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/2k7bj/) was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Articles with observational and experimental research, narrative and systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Among 13,141 articles identified, 525 met inclusion criteria. Among these 525 articles, 212 focused on cancer morbidity and mortality; 41 on cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; 52 on CVD risk factors; 32 on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) morbidity and mortality; 33 on T2DM risk factors; and 42 on body weight and body composition. An "Other" category (181 articles) included nutrient status, psychological well-being/mental health, cognition, microbiome, chronic kidney disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, skin disorders, and fertility, among others. Among the 525 included articles, 366 were observational, 64 were experimental, and 76 were reviews and meta-analyses. Eighty-three percent of articles focused on adults or older adults. A paucity of research exists to support poultry as health-promoting foods, with most research only indirectly assessing poultry intake compared with other foods of interest (e.g., red meats or plant-based protein foods). No randomized controlled trials and only 1% of OBS assessed the influence of processed poultry intake on human health. In the future, the relative health effects of consuming poultry will be compared with a widening array of traditional and new protein-rich food products, necessitating the need for research to assess poultry as foods of choice. Science and health professionals, the poultry industry, and the public will benefit from new observational and experimental research to address cutting-edge scientific, public policy, and consumer topics pertinent to poultry intake and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Connolly
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Adam W Byers
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason B Reed
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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14
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Jurek J, Owczarek M, Godos J, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F, Grosso G. Fish and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:851-860. [PMID: 35758202 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2090520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish represents one of the most important dietary sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are known to be associated with various health benefits. This study aimed to systematically review existing meta-analyses of observational studies exploring the association between fish intake and various health outcomes. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to retrieve a total of 63 studies. Evidence was deemed as possible for the association between higher fish intake and decreased risk of the acute coronary syndrome, liver cancer, and depression, and limited for other outcomes (including age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, heart failure, all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality, total and ischaemic stroke) due to heterogeneity between results and potential otherwise inexplicable confounding factors. In conclusion, results from epidemiological studies support the mechanistic effects associated with omega-3 fatty acids from high fish consumption, but evidence needs to be further corroborated with more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jurek
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Rimini Women's Health, Childhood and Adolescent Department, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- Fondazione De Marchi-Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucilla Titta
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Bulanda S, Janoszka B. Consumption of Thermally Processed Meat Containing Carcinogenic Compounds (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines) versus a Risk of Some Cancers in Humans and the Possibility of Reducing Their Formation by Natural Food Additives-A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084781. [PMID: 35457645 PMCID: PMC9024867 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Thermal treatment of high-protein food may lead to the formation of mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines. Frequent consumption of processed meat was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as directly carcinogenic for humans. (2) Methods: A literature review was carried out based on a search of online databases for articles on consuming thermally processed meat containing carcinogenic compounds versus a risk of cancers in humans published between 2001 and 2021. (3) Results: A review of the current literature on the participation of PAHs and HAA in the formation of certain neoplasms indicates a positive relationship between diet and the incidences of many cancers, especially colon cancer. A simple way to obtain dishes with reduced contents of harmful compounds is the use of spices and vegetables as meat additives. These seasonings are usually rich in antioxidants that influence the mechanism of HAA and PAH synthesis in food. (4) Conclusions: As there is a growing risk of a cancer tendency because of exposing humans to PAHs and HAAs, it is extremely vital to find a simple way to limit carcinogenic compound synthesis in a processed proteinaceous food. Disseminating the knowledge about the conditions for preparing dishes with a reduced content of carcinogenic compounds could become a vital element of cancer prevention programs.
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16
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Qiao Z, Dai C, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhang T, Niu W, Ma X. Epiplakin1 promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1117-1125. [PMID: 35238170 PMCID: PMC9013648 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epiplakin1 (EPPK1) has been associated with disease progression and unfavorable prognosis of many cancers, but its functional involvement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be uncovered. METHODS The Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was employed to determine the expression of EPPK1 in ESCC tissues and cells. CCK-8 assay, colony forming assay, wound healing assay, and transwell invasion assay were utilized to evaluate the effects of EPPK1 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity in ESCC cells using small interfering ribonucleic acids. Flow cytometry was performed to estimate the cell apoptotic rate caused by silencing of EPPK1. The proteins related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, and activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine threonine protein kinase 1 (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway were measured by western blot. RESULTS The expression of EPPK1 was dramatically increased in ESCC tissues and cells compared to that in relative controls. Additionally, silencing of EPPK1 suppressed ESCC cell growth, colony formation, migration, invasion, and EMT, while promoting ESCC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, EPPK1 induced ESCC cell progression via mediating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION EPPK1 promotes ESCC progression by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and could serve as a potential target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshi Qiao
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Chengcheng Dai
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Zhiqian Wang
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Zifan Wang
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Tongsong Zhang
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Wenjing Niu
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- Cancer Center, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
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17
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Grosso G, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Godos J, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F. Total, red and processed meat consumption and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:726-737. [PMID: 35291893 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat consumption has represented an important evolutionary step for humans. However, modern patterns of consumption, including excess intake, type of meat and cooking method have been the focus of attention as a potential cause of rise in non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total, red and processed meat with health outcomes and to assess the level of evidence by performing a systematic search of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Convincing evidence of the association between increased risk of (i) colorectal adenoma, lung cancer, CHD and stroke, (ii) colorectal adenoma, ovarian, prostate, renal and stomach cancers, CHD and stroke and (iii) colon and bladder cancer was found for excess intake of total, red and processed meat, respectively. Possible negative associations with other health outcomes have been reported. Excess meat consumption may be detrimental to health, with a major impact on cardiometabolic and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Childhood and Adolescent Department, Rimini Women's Health, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione De Marchi, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Titta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico, Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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18
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Yang Y, Xu Y, Zhao C, Zhang L, Nuerbol A, Wang L, Jiao Y. Pronounced Enhancement in Radiosensitization of Esophagus Cancer Cultivated in Docosahexaenoic Acid via the PPAR -γ Activation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:922228. [PMID: 37153924 PMCID: PMC10155814 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.922228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been reported to suppress the tumor growth and improve prognosis and has been used to cooperate with many other chemotherapy medicines. Up to now, surveys focused on the Interaction between DHA and radiation are relatively modest. Our study sought to evaluate the radiosensitivity changes caused by DHA on esophageal cancer cells. We selected TE-1 and TE-10 esophagus cancer cells as models and performed routine cell proliferation assay and cloning assay to detect the impact of DHA combined with X-ray. We used cell cycle assay, lipid peroxidation assay, comet assay, and apoptosis assay to unearth the potential causes. We also launched a mouse transplanted tumor experiment to verify the synergetic effect of DHA and irradiation. Finally, a western blot assay was used to find a novel mechanism. As a result, DHA improved TE-1 and TE-10 radiosensitivity in vivo and in vitro. What's more, PPAR-γ expression increased due to the DHA supplement. Inhibiting PPAR-γ could attenuate benefits brought out by DHA somehow. Due to its explicit usage and convenience, DHA would serve as an adjuvant therapy before radiotherapy if the clinical trials indicated positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Congzhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aslibek Nuerbol
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Gaochun Peoples' Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Jiao
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19
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Nucci D, Marino A, Realdon S, Nardi M, Fatigoni C, Gianfredi V. Lifestyle, WCRF/AICR Recommendations, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2021; 13:3525. [PMID: 34684526 PMCID: PMC8538904 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most notable changes in the epidemiology of esophageal cancer (EC) is the rising incidence and prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in developed countries. The aim of this systematic review was to collect and summarize all the available evidence regarding lifestyle, diet, and EAC risk. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases in January 2021 for studies providing information about lifestyle, diet, WCRF/AICR recommendations, and EAC risk; published in English; without a time filter. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. The results are stratified by risk factor. A total of 106 publications were included. Half of the case-control studies were judged as high quality, whilst practically all cohort studies were judged as high quality. Body mass index and waist circumference were associated with increased EAC risk. Physical activity did not appear to have a significant direct role in EAC risk. A diet rich in fruit, vegetables, and whole grains appeared to be more protective than a Western diet. Alcohol does not seem to be related to EAC, whereas smokers, particularly heavy smokers, have an increased risk of EAC. Prevention remains the best option to avert EAC. Comprehensible and easy to follow recommendations should be provided to all subjects. Protocol ID number: CRD-42021228762, no funds received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nucci
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessio Marino
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Nardi
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto 2, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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20
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Moazzen S, Cortes-Ibañez FO, van der Vegt B, Alizadeh BZ, de Bock GH. Diet quality indices and gastrointestinal cancer risk: results from the Lifelines study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:317-327. [PMID: 34338867 PMCID: PMC8783875 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the long-term association between four dietary quality indices and the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Methods Baseline details of the dietary intake of participants, assessed by a single food frequency questionnaire from the prospective Lifelines population-based cohort were translated to diet quality scores using several dietary and dietary-lifestyle indices. Incident cases of GI cancer were then assessed by linkage to the Dutch nationwide histo-cytopathology registry. The association between GI cancer risk and diet quality (defined as higher quintiles on dietary indices compared to the first quintile) was assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Results We included 72,695 participants aged 51.20 ± 8.71 years with a median follow-up to cancer diagnosis of 8 years (interquartile range 2 years). During follow-up, 434 colorectal cancers and 139 upper GI cancers were diagnosed. There was a significant reduction in colorectal cancer risk for high categories in the American Cancer Society (ACS) Index (hazard ratio 0.62; 95% CI 0.46–0.84). However, high dietary index scores were not associated with strong beneficial effects on upper GI cancer risk. Conclusion High quintiles on the ACS Index were associated with a significantly reduced risk of colorectal cancer. This index may be of use in a colorectal cancer prevention program. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02648-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moazzen
- Department of Epidemiology, FA40 University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, MDC Berlin-Buch, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco O Cortes-Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, FA40 University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, FA40 University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, FA40 University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
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21
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Marabotto E, Pellegatta G, Sheijani AD, Ziola S, Zentilin P, De Marzo MG, Giannini EG, Ghisa M, Barberio B, Scarpa M, Angriman I, Fassan M, Savarino V, Savarino E. Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer-An Expert Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092183. [PMID: 34062788 PMCID: PMC8125297 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last decades, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence and prevalence of esophageal cancer in many countries around the world. Although several important risk factors have been identified, strong evidence-based preventive strategies are still lacking, and the prognosis of patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer remains poor, with an average survival rate of 5 years for only 20%. This review is an attempt to summarize the epidemiology and risk factors of EC and to highlight the unresolved aspects of current prevention strategies in order to plan more fruitful future initiatives aimed at ameliorating the disappointing prognosis of this kind of digestive tumor. Abstract In the last 30 years, we have witnessed a rapid increase in the incidence and prevalence of esophageal cancer in many countries around the word. However, despite advancements in diagnostic technologies, the early detection of this cancer is rare, and its prognosis remains poor, with only about 20% of these patients surviving for 5 years. The two major forms are the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which is particularly frequent in the so-called Asian belt, and the esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), which prevails in Western populations. This review provides a summary of the epidemiological features and risk factors associated with these tumors. Moreover, a major focus is posed on reporting and highlighting the various preventing strategies proposed by the most important international scientific societies, particularly in high-risk populations, with the final aim of detecting these lesions as early as possible and therefore favoring their definite cure. Indeed, we have conducted analysis with attention to the current primary, secondary and tertiary prevention guidelines in both ESCC and EAC, attempting to emphasize unresolved research and clinical problems related to these topics in order to improve our diagnostic strategies and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.S.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.G.D.M.); (E.G.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Gaia Pellegatta
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Afscin Djahandideh Sheijani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.S.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.G.D.M.); (E.G.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Ziola
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.S.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.G.D.M.); (E.G.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Patrizia Zentilin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.S.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.G.D.M.); (E.G.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Maria Giulia De Marzo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.S.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.G.D.M.); (E.G.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Edoardo Giovanni Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.S.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.G.D.M.); (E.G.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Matteo Ghisa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigida Barberio
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Clinica Chirurgica 1, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Imerio Angriman
- Clinica Chirurgica 1, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.S.); (S.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.G.D.M.); (E.G.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.G.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Zamani SA, McClain KM, Graubard BI, Liao LM, Abnet CC, Cook MB, Petrick JL. Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat Intake in Relation to Head and Neck, Esophageal, and Gastric Cancer Incidence in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:1096-1113. [PMID: 32141493 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiologic studies have examined the association of fish consumption with upper gastrointestinal cancer risk, but the associations with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) subtypes remain unclear. Using the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (United States, 1995-2011), we prospectively investigated the associations of PUFA subtypes, ratios, and fish with the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC; n = 2,453), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA; n = 855), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 267), and gastric cancer (cardia: n = 603; noncardia: n = 631) among 468,952 participants (median follow-up, 15.5 years). A food frequency questionnaire assessed diet. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. A Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure was used for false-discovery control. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs were associated with a 20% decreased HNC and EA risk (for HNC, quintile5 vs. 1 hazard ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.71, 0.92, and BH-adjusted Ptrend = 0.001; and for EA, quintile5 vs. 1 hazard ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.64, 0.98, and BH-adjusted Ptrend = 0.1). Similar associations were observed for nonfried fish but only for high intake. Further, the ratio of long-chain n-3:n-6 was associated with a decreased HNC and EA risk. No consistent associations were observed for gastric cancer. Our results indicate that dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA and nonfried fish intake are associated with lower HNC and EA risk.
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Anti-Tumor Effects of Astaxanthin by Inhibition of the Expression of STAT3 in Prostate Cancer. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080415. [PMID: 32784629 PMCID: PMC7459748 DOI: 10.3390/md18080415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a natural product gaining increasing attention due to its safety and anti-cancer properties. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of astaxanthin on prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines using aggressive PCa DU145 cells. Also an instantaneous silenced cell line (si-STAT3) derived from DU145 and a control cell line (si-NK) were used for the MTT and colony formation assays to determine the role of astaxanthin in proliferation and colony formation abilities. Flow cytometry assays were used to detect the apoptosis of tumor cells. Migration and invasion assays detected the weakening of the respective abilities. Western blot and RT-PCR tests detected the levels of STAT3 protein and mRNA. Astaxanthin resulted in suppression of the proliferation of DU145 cells and the level of STAT3. The treatment of DU145 cells with astaxanthin decreased the cloning ability, increased the apoptosis percentage and weakened the abilities of migration and invasion of the cells. Furthermore, astaxanthin reduced the expression of STAT3 at protein and mRNA levels. The effects were enhanced when astaxanthin and si-STAT3 were combined. The results of animal experiments were consistent with the results in cells. Thus, astaxanthin inhibits the proliferation of DU145 cells by reducing the expression of STAT3.
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Salamat F, Semnani S, Honarvar MR, Fazel A, Roshandel G. 10-Year Trends in Dietary Intakes in the High- and Low-Risk Areas for Esophageal Cancer: A Population-Based Ecological Study in Northern Iran. Middle East J Dig Dis 2020; 12:89-98. [PMID: 32626561 PMCID: PMC7320993 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2020.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed dietary intakes in the high- and low-risk areas for esophageal cancer (EC) in Golestan province, Northern Iran. METHODS Considering the EC rates, Golestan province was divided into high- and low-risk regions. Data on households’ food consumption were obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationships between consumption of main food and EC risk. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated. Joint point program was used for time trend analysis and average annual percent changes (AAPC) were reported. RESULTS Overall, 11910 households were recruited during 2006-2015. 4710 (39.5%) households were enrolled from the high-risk region. There were significant positive relationships between high consumption of sweets (aOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.24-2.10), oil/fat (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.04-1.79), and red meat (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.65) with EC risk. We found significant negative relationships between high consumption of dairy products (aOR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.46-0.82), vegetables (aOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50-0.87) and fruit (aOR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55-0.95) with the risk of EC. Time trend analysis showed a significant increasing trend in the proportions of households with low consumption of vegetables (AAPC = 4.71, p = 0.01) and dairy products (AAPC = 5.26, p = 0.02) in the low-risk region for EC. CONCLUSION Dietary intakes may be important etiological factors for EC in Northern Iran. Further studies are warranted to assess the role of dietary factors in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Salamat
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahryar Semnani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Omid Cancer Research Center, Omid Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Honarvar
- Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Fazel
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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25
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Zhu J, Ling Y, Mi S, Chen H, Fan J, Cai S, Fan C, Shen Q, Li Y. Association between dietary inflammatory index and upper aerodigestive tract cancer risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2020; 103:104587. [PMID: 32050153 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk have been investigated in a growing number of epidemiological studies. However, their findings were inconsistent, and no systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted up to now. This meta-analysis was carried out to examine potential dose-response relationship between DII score and UADT cancer risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies in PubMed and Web of Science up to March 28, 2019. Categorical meta-analysis as well as linear and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis were performed to evaluate association between DII and UADT cancer risk. RESULTS Nine case-control studies with a total of 4138 cases and 15,326 healthy controls were eligible in the present meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) of UADT cancer risk were 2.07 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82, 2.35] for the highest DII score compared with the lowest and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.39, 1.69) for higher DII score compared with lower score, respectively. Furthermore, a one-unit increment in DII score was associated with an increased risk of 18% for UADT cancers (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.21). An upward trend towards a positive association between elevated DII score and UADT cancer risk was also observed in non-linear dose-response meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis provides evidence of highly pro-inflammatory diets that might increase risk of UADT cancers. Therefore, reducing pro-inflammatory components in diets should be considered to prevent and control UADT cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxiao Ling
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Mi
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanzhu Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayao Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaofang Cai
- Department of Science and Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunhong Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Shen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Li Z, Qin X, Bian W, Li Y, Shan B, Yao Z, Li S. Exosomal lncRNA ZFAS1 regulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis via microRNA-124/STAT3 axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:477. [PMID: 31775815 PMCID: PMC6882153 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of great importance in development of different types of tumors, while the function of lncRNA ZFAS1 is rarely discussed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, we performed this study to explore the expression of exosomal lncRNA ZFAS1 and its molecular mechanism on ESCC progression. Methods Expression of ZFAS1 and miR-124 in ESCC tissues was detected. LncRNA ZFAS1 was silenced to detect its function in the biological functions of ESCC cells. A stable donor and recipient culture model was established. Eca109 cells transfected with overexpressed and low expressed ZFAS1 plasmid and miR-124 inhibitor labeled by Cy3 were the donor cells, and then co-cultured with recipient cells to observe the transmission of Cy3-ZFAS1 between donor cells and recipient cells. The changes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in recipient cells were detected. The in vivo experiment was conducted for verifying the in vitro results. Results LncRNA ZFAS1 was upregulated and miR-124 was down-regulated in ESCC tissues. Silencing of ZFAS1 contributed to suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth in vitro and induced apoptosis of ESCC cells. LncRNA ZFAS1 was considered to be a competing endogenous RNA to regulate miR-124, thereby elevating STAT3 expression. Exosomes shuttled ZFAS1 stimulated proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells and restricted their apoptosis with increased STAT3 and declined miR-124. Furthermore, in vivo experiment suggested that elevated ZFAS1-exo promoted tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusion This study highlights that exosomal ZFAS1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells and inhibits their apoptosis by upregulating STAT3 and downregulating miR-124, thereby resulting in the development of tumorigenesis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishuai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Li S, Chung DC, Mullen JT. Screening high-risk populations for esophageal and gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2019; 120:831-846. [PMID: 31373005 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the esophagus and stomach remain important causes of mortality worldwide, in large part because they are most often diagnosed at advanced stages. Thus, it is imperative that we identify and treat these cancers in earlier stages. Due to significant heterogeneity in incidence and risk factors for these cancers, it has been challenging to develop standardized screening recommendations. This review summarizes the current recommendations for screening populations at high risk of developing esophagogastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Li
- Departments of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel C Chung
- Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John T Mullen
- Departments of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Zhao Z, Wang F, Chen D, Zhang C. Red and processed meat consumption and esophageal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:532-545. [PMID: 31270670 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between red and processed meat consumption and esophageal cancer risk remain inconclusive. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze these associations. METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies published between the databases' dates of inception and May 2019. RESULTS We ultimately selected 33 eligible studies for analysis. We found that the summary relative risks for the associations between meat consumption and esophageal cancer risk were positive for the case-control studies (P < 0.05), but negative for the cohort studies included in the analysis (P > 0.05). Subtype analysis indicated that red and processed meat consumption was not associated with the risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma (P > 0.05) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P > 0.05) in the cohort studies. CONCLUSIONS We found case-control but not cohort studies to associate consumption of red and processed meat with the risk of esophageal cancer. Further large prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Navy General Hospital of PLA, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - F Wang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - D Chen
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Navy General Hospital of PLA, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China.
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29
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Abe M, Shivappa N, Ito H, Oze I, Abe T, Shimizu Y, Hasegawa Y, Kiyohara C, Nomura M, Ogawa Y, Hebert JR, Matsuo K. Dietary inflammatory index and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Japanese adults. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24028-24040. [PMID: 29844870 PMCID: PMC5963633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory potential of diet that has been shown to be associated with cancer risk. We examined the association between dietary inflammatory potential as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers in a Japanese case-control study. Results A positive association was observed between increasing DII scores and overall upper aerodigestive tract cancers, and across anatomic subsites. For upper aerodigestive tract cancers, the ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.73 (95% CI: 1.37–2.20); head and neck cancer, the ORQ4vsQ1 was 1.92 (95% CI: 1.42–2.59); and for esophageal cancer, the ORQ4vsQ1 was1.71 (95% CI: 1.54–1.90). Risks for hypopharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancers were greatly elevated: (ORQ4vsQ1 = 4.05 (95% CI: 1.24–13.25) for hypopharyngeal cancer and ORQ4vsQ1 = 4.99 (95% CI: 1.14–21.79) for nasopharyngeal cancer. Conclusion A more pro-inflammatory diet was associated with an elevated risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers after accounting for important confounders. All anatomic subsites, except larynx, showed the consistently elevated risk with increasing DII score. Those subsites with known etiological associations with persistent infection showed the largest elevation in risk. These results warrant further evaluation in future studies. Materials and Methods This is a case-control study of 1,028 cases and 3,081 age- and sex-matched non-cancer controls recruited at Aichi Cancer Center. DII scores were computed based on estimates of macro- and micro-nutrients from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Scores were further categorized into quartiles (based on the distribution in controls). Conditional logistic regression models were fit to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for smoking, ethanol consumption, alcohol flushing, number of teeth, and occupation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Abe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Abe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Hasegawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Chikako Kiyohara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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30
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Javadi B. Diet Therapy for Cancer Prevention and Treatment Based on Traditional Persian Medicine. Nutr Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1446095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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31
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An explanatory and predictive model of the variation in esophageal cancer incidence on the basis of changes in the exposure to risk factors. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 27:213-220. [PMID: 29324583 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the exposure to risk factors may be used to explain past cancer trends and to predict its future burden. This study aimed to develop a model to describe and predict the variation of esophageal cancer incidence in 1995-2005, taking into account changes in exposures to risk factors. We adapted an existing model to calculate the expected variation in the number of esophageal cancer cases, between 1995 and 2005, in Australia, Japan, Italy, Portugal, the UK, and the USA, because of changes in exposures to risk factors, taking into account the corresponding lag times. Analyses were based on country-specific data of cancer incidence and exposures to risk factors. We computed 95% credibility intervals through Monte Carlo simulation methods. Absolute deviations between the number of cases predicted and those observed in 2005 ranged between 1.8% in Japan and 23.6% in the UK among men and 0.0% in Japan and 18.0% in Australia among women. In Italy and Japan, deviations did not exceed 3%. The UK registered the worst model performance. The variation in esophageal cancer incidence was mainly influenced by changes in fruit and red meat intake, and BMI. For nearly half of the sex-specific and histological type-specific predictions performed, credibility intervals included the observed number of cases. This study proposes a framework for the analysis of the contribution of changes in exposure to different factors to esophageal cancer incidence trends and for long-term predictions at a population level.
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Modifiable factors and esophageal cancer: a systematic review of published meta-analyses. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:37-51. [PMID: 28821981 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There are marked differences in the etiology of the major histological types of esophageal cancer (EC)-squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and adenocarcinomas (EAC). This study aimed to summarize the current scientific knowledge on modifiable risk factors for EC, by histological type, through a systematic review of meta-analyses referenced in PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. We identified 100 meta-analyses on risk factors for ESCC (n = 54), EAC (n = 43), or EC (n = 51). ESCC risk significantly increased with alcohol and maté drinking, smoking, red and processed meat consumption and human papillomavirus infection, while it was negatively associated with body mass index and consumption of fruit, vegetables, white meat, folate, and some carotenoids. Cessation of drinking and smoking significantly reduced ESCC risk. For EAC, an increased risk was reported for smoking, body mass index, and red and processed meat consumption, while risk decreased with Helicobacter pylori infection, low/moderate alcohol drinking, physical activity, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, folate, fiber, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. Differences in results between meta-analyses and mechanisms underlying some of the associations found are discussed. This work reinforces the importance of a separate assessment of EC subtypes to allow for a proper evaluation of incidence trends and planning of prevention/control interventions.
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He D, Huang X, Wang ZP, Chen D, Chen J, Duan CY. Dietary fat intake and risk of esophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99049-99056. [PMID: 29228750 PMCID: PMC5716790 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat intake is potentially associated with the onset of esophageal carcinoma (EC), but evidence from observational studies has remained unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fat intake in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to identify all relevant studies. Study-specific relative risks (RR) for the highest versus the lowest intake categories and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. Seventeen case-control studies (2058 EAC cases, 1581 ESCC cases and 11696 controls) and two prospective cohort studies (494, 978 participants and 630 EAC cases and 215 ESCC cases) were identified. In EAC, the RRs (95% CI) were 1.69 (1.14–2.50) for total fat intake, 1.88 (1.28–2.77) for saturated fat (SFA) intake, 1.04 (0.86–1.27) for polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake and 1.70 (1.01–2.84) for monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake. In ESCC, the RRs (95% CI) were 1.12 (0.84–1.51) for total fat, 1.38 (0.91–2.08) for SFA, 0.95 (0.55–1.62) for PUFA and 1.04 (0.65–1.66) for MUFA. In conclusion, total fat, SFA and MUFA intake were associated with EAC risk, but fat intake showed no significant association with ESCC risk. Large-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du He
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zai-Ping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Dian Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Chun-Yan Duan
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China
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34
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Farchi S, De Sario M, Lapucci E, Davoli M, Michelozzi P. Meat consumption reduction in Italian regions: Health co-benefits and decreases in GHG emissions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182960. [PMID: 28813467 PMCID: PMC5557600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Animal agriculture has exponentially grown in recent decades in response to the rise in global demand for meat, even in countries like Italy that traditionally eat a Mediterranean, plant-based diet. Globalization related dietary changes are contributing to the epidemic of non-communicable diseases and to the global climate crisis, and are associated with huge carbon and water footprints. The objective of the study is to assess inequalities in health impacts and in attributable greenhouse gases-GHG emissions in Italy by hypothesizing different scenarios of reduction in red and processed meat consumption towards healthier consumption patterns more compliant with the recommendations of the Mediterranean food pyramid. Methods We used demographic and food consumption patterns from national surveys and risk relationships between meat intake and cardiovascular and colorectal cancer mortality from IARC and other meta-analyses. From the baseline data (year 2005–2006, average 406 gr/week beef and 245 gr/week processed meat), we considered hypothetical meat reduction scenarios according to international dietary guidelines such as the Mediterranean pyramid targets. For each geographical area (Northwest, Northeast, Centre, and South) and gender, we calculated the number of avoidable deaths from colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular disease among the adult population. Moreover, years of life gained by the adult population from 2012 to 2030 and changes in life expectancy of the 2012 birth cohort were quantified using gender-specific life tables. GHG emission reductions under Mediterranean scenario were estimated only for beef by applying the Global Warming Potential (GWP) coefficient to total consumption and to a low carbon food substitution in adult diet. Results The deaths avoidable (as percentage change compared to baseline) according to the three reduction scenarios for beef consumption were between 2.3% and 4.5% for colorectal cancer, and between 2.1% and 4.0% for cardiovascular disease; higher benefits would be observed in Northwestern areas and among males. In parallel, 5% and 6.4% of colorectal cancer and CVD deaths would be avoided if the Italian population ate the advised quantity of processed meat. Life table analysis suggests that the scenario that is fully compliant with the Mediterranean diet model would save 5 million years of life lost prematurely among men and women over the next 18 years and would increase average life expectancy of future generations by over 7 months. Considering the environmental impact, emissions associated with the actual total intake of beef range from 12,900 to 21,800 Gg CO2 eq; emissions saved according to the Mediterranean scenario are in the range 8000–14000 Gg CO2 eq per year. The per capita reduction is 263 KgCO2eq/year/person with higher reductions in Northwestern and Central areas. Conclusions In Italy, scenarios for reducing beef consumption are consistent with significant health and environmental co-benefits on current and future generations. Results support introducing policies to promote healthier behavior towards red and processed meat in the adult population within an overall balanced and healthy dietary pattern. Interventions should address gender, vulnerable population groups, and geographical differences in order to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Farchi
- Department of Epidemiology of Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Manuela De Sario
- Department of Epidemiology of Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Lapucci
- Department of Epidemiology of Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology of Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology of Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
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35
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A summary of meat intakes and health burdens. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 72:18-29. [PMID: 28792013 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes published meta-analysis outcomes on the associations between meat intakes and burden of diseases. A novel assessment process was developed, combining selected Cochrane Review measures, AMSTAR checklist, and other quality measures identified by authors during preliminary phases of the review process. Meat intakes have been found to be statistically significant associated with 21 burden of diseases. A total of 37 risk-outcome best dose-response estimations were identified, all were positively associated, and 21 of them with low to moderate, or insignificant heterogeneity. The highest dose-responses per 50 g increases in processed meat intake at 95% confident levels were 1.81 (1.32, 2.48) for esophageal cancer, 1.71 (1.34, 2.19) for stomach cancer, 1.42 (1.07, 1.89) for CHD, 1.32 (1.19, 1.48) for diabetes, and 1.24 (1.13, 1.35) for colon cancer incidences, and 1.24 (1.09, 1.40) for CVD mortality. The highest dose-responses per each 65 g increases in total red meat intake were 1.36 (1.16, 1.58) for endometrial cancer, 1.25 (1.10, 1.41) esophageal cancer, and 1.22 (1.16, 1.23) for lung cancer incidences. In addition, 14 statistically significant associations in terms of high vs low meat intake relative risks were also identified. Total red meat intakes were found negatively associated with CVD and cancer mortalities, and poultry meat intakes were found negatively associated with all-cause and cancer mortalities, and rectal cancer incidences in low meat consumption Asian countries. Current global and dietary Comparative Risk Assessments may underestimate burden of diseases attributed to meat intakes. More investigation is needed in low-meat consumption countries.
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36
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Ekmekcioglu C, Wallner P, Kundi M, Weisz U, Haas W, Hutter HP. Red meat, diseases, and healthy alternatives: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:247-261. [PMID: 27128451 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1158148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Meat is an important food for human nutrition, by especially providing high-quality protein and also some essential micronutrients, in front iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. However, a high intake of red and processed meat is associated with an increased risk for diseases, especially type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer, as several epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have shown. This review summarizes meta-analyses of publications studying the association between red and processed meat intake and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, colorectal and other cancers, and all-cause mortality. Various potential mechanisms involved in the increased disease risk are discussed. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of healthy alternatives for meat, like fish, nuts, vegetables and fruits, pulses and legumes, whole grains, and dairy products are reviewed by including selected papers and recent meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Ekmekcioglu
- a Department of Environmental Health , Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Peter Wallner
- a Department of Environmental Health , Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- a Department of Environmental Health , Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Ulli Weisz
- b Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt , Klagenfurt am Wörthersee , Austria
| | - Willi Haas
- b Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt , Klagenfurt am Wörthersee , Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Hutter
- a Department of Environmental Health , Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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37
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Sundaram GM, Veera Bramhachari P. Molecular interplay of pro-inflammatory transcription factors and non-coding RNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705760. [PMID: 28618941 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer in the developing world. The aggressive nature of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, its tendency for relapse, and the poor survival prospects of patients diagnosed at advanced stages, represent a pressing need for the development of new therapies for this disease. Chronic inflammation is known to have a causal link to cancer pre-disposition. Nuclear factor kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 are transcription factors which regulate immunity and inflammation and are emerging as key regulators of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Although these pro-inflammatory factors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma have been well-characterized with reference to protein-coding targets, their functional interactions with non-coding RNAs have only recently been gaining attention. Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs demonstrate potential as biomarkers and alternative therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the recent literature and concepts on non-coding RNAs that are regulated by/regulate nuclear factor kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in esophageal cancer progression. We also discuss how these recent discoveries can pave way for future therapeutic options to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath M Sundaram
- 1 Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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38
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Dietary inflammatory index and risk of reflux oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a population-based case-control study. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1323-1331. [PMID: 28571591 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The dietary inflammatory index (DIITM) is a novel composite score based on a range of nutrients and foods known to be associated with inflammation. DII scores have been linked to the risk of a number of cancers, including oesophageal squamous cell cancer and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Given that OAC stems from acid reflux and that the oesophageal epithelium undergoes a metaplasia-dysplasia transition from the resulting inflammation, it is plausible that a high DII score (indicating a pro-inflammatory diet) may exacerbate risk of OAC and its precursor conditions. The aim of this analytical study was to explore the association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DIITM) in relation to risk of reflux oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and OAC. Between 2002 and 2005, reflux oesophagitis (n 219), Barrett's oesophagus (n 220) and OAC (n 224) patients, and population-based controls (n 256), were recruited to the Factors influencing the Barrett's Adenocarcinoma Relationship study in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. E-DII scores were derived from a 101-item FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of oesophageal lesions according to E-DII intakes, adjusting for potential confounders. High E-DII scores were associated with borderline increase in odds of reflux oesophagitis (OR 1·87; 95 % CI 0·93, 3·73), and significantly increased odds of Barrett's oesophagus (OR 2·05; 95 % CI 1·22, 3·47), and OAC (OR 2·29; 95 % CI 1·32, 3·96), when comparing the highest with the lowest tertiles of E-DII scores. In conclusion, a pro-inflammatory diet may exacerbate the risk of the inflammation-metaplasia-adenocarcinoma pathway in oesophageal carcinogenesis.
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39
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Hou R, Yao SS, Liu J, Wang LL, Wu L, Jiang L. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish consumption, and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91684-91693. [PMID: 29207677 PMCID: PMC5710957 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between intake of fish and n-3 fatty acids and endometrial cancer risk has not been consistent across epidemiological studies. We quantitatively assessed the aforementioned association through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed and Embase were searched through March 2017 for eligible epidemiological studies. Fixed or random-effects models were used to pool relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The dose-response relationship was also evaluated. Based on the literature search, five prospective studies and 11 case-control studies were identified. All 16 studies were categorized as high-quality studies. After pooling available risk estimates, no significant association was detected between overall fish intake and endometrial cancer risk. In subgroup analyses, every one additional serving/week of fish intake was significantly associated with inversed endometrial cancer risk in studies adjusted for smoking (RR (95% CI): 0.95 (0.91-1.00)), or studies performed in Europe (RR (95% CI): 0.90 (0.84-0.97)), but not in other tested subgroups. In studies conducted in Asia, there was significant positive association (RR (95% CI): 1.15 (1.10-1.21)). Regarding n-3 PUFA intake, marginally inverse associations of high EPA or DHA intake were detected (EPA: RR (95% CI) = 0.79 (0.61-1.04); DHA: RR (95% CI) = 0.85 (0.64-1.11)). Dose-response analyses suggested a significant nonlinear relationship between DHA intake and endometrial cancer risk (p: 0.04). Overall, this meta-analysis suggests that intake of n-3 PUFA may be inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk at some level of evidence, although the exact relationship, especially for fish intake, needs further characterization. Further well-designed studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Shen Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Lian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lang Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luo Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Abstract
Despite its nutritional benefits, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that regular consumption of red meat may negatively impact health and disease risk, including the risk of most common chronic diseases. This chapter reviews the current evidence linking red and processed meat intakes with chronic disease, obesity and mortality risks and discusses possible mechanisms to explain these associations. Research on the health benefits of diets low in red meat, including vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean and other plant-based diets, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Marsh
- Northside Nutrition and Dietetics, Australia
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41
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McCartney DMA, Byrne DG, Cantwell MM, Turner MJ. Cancer incidence in Ireland—the possible role of diet, nutrition and lifestyle. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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42
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Okada E, Nakamura K, Ukawa S, Sakata K, Date C, Iso H, Tamakoshi A. Dietary Patterns and Risk of Esophageal Cancer Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1001-9. [PMID: 27366932 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1192202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several case-control studies have associated dietary patterns with esophageal cancer (EC) risk, but prospective studies are scarce. We investigated dietary pattern and EC mortality risk associations by smoking status. Participants were 26,562 40- to 79-yr-old Japanese men, who enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study between 1988 and 1990. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for EC mortality in nonsmokers and smokers were estimated using Cox proportional models. During follow-up (1988-2009), 132 participants died of EC. Using a baseline food frequency questionnaire and factor analysis, vegetable, animal, and dairy product food patterns were identified. EC risk decreased significantly with a higher factor score for the dairy product pattern (Ptrend = 0.042) and was more pronounced in smokers [multivariable HR (4th vs. 1st quartiles) = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.09; Ptrend = 0.021]. Neither vegetable nor animal food patterns were significant overall; however, EC risk increased with a higher factor score for the animal food pattern in nonsmokers [multivariable HR (4th vs. 1st quartiles) = 6.01, 95% CI: 1.17, 30.88; Ptrend = 0.021], although the small number of events was a limitation. Our findings suggest a dairy product pattern may reduce EC risk in Japanese men, especially smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Okada
- a Department of Public Health , Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- a Department of Public Health , Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ukawa
- a Department of Public Health , Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- b Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine , Iwate Medical University , Yahaba , Japan
| | - Chigusa Date
- c Department of Food Science and Nutrition , School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo , Himeji , Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- d Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- a Department of Public Health , Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
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43
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Zhao Z, Pu Z, Yin Z, Yu P, Hao Y, Wang Q, Guo M, Zhao Q. Dietary fruit, vegetable, fat, and red and processed meat intakes and Barrett's esophagus risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27334. [PMID: 27256629 PMCID: PMC4891687 DOI: 10.1038/srep27334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between dietary fruit, vegetable, fat, and red and processed meat intakes and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) risk remain inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence on these issues. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published from inception through October 2015. A total of eight studies were included in this analysis. Fruit intake was not associated with BE risk (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.37–1.13), but vegetable intake was strongly associated with BE risk (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.29–0.71). Saturated fat, red meat and processed meat intakes were not associated with BE risk with OR = 1.25 (95% CI = 0.82–1.91), OR = 0.85 (95% CI = 0.61–1.17) and OR = 1.03 (95% CI = 0.73–1.46), respectively. Dietary vegetable not fruits intake may be associated with decreased BE risk. Fat and red and processed meat intakes may not contribute to an increased BE risk. Well-designed, large prospective studies with better established dose-response relationships are needed to further validate these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhao
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Zhongshu Pu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Zifang Yin
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.,Shaanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Yiming Hao
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Min Guo
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
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Boada LD, Henríquez-Hernández L, Luzardo O. The impact of red and processed meat consumption on cancer and other health outcomes: Epidemiological evidences. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:236-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Lo YL, Pan WH, Hsu WL, Chien YC, Chen JY, Hsu MM, Lou PJ, Chen IH, Hildesheim A, Chen CJ. Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis Discovered a Dietary Pattern Inversely Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155892. [PMID: 27249558 PMCID: PMC4889039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the association between dietary component, dietary pattern and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is scarce. A major challenge is the high degree of correlation among dietary constituents. We aimed to identify dietary pattern associated with NPC and to illustrate the dose-response relationship between the identified dietary pattern scores and the risk of NPC. Taking advantage of a matched NPC case–control study, data from a total of 319 incident cases and 319 matched controls were analyzed. Dietary pattern was derived employing partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) performed on energy-adjusted food frequencies derived from a 66-item food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with multiple conditional logistic regression models, linking pattern scores and NPC risk. A high score of the PLS-DA derived pattern was characterized by high intakes of fruits, milk, fresh fish, vegetables, tea, and eggs ordered by loading values. We observed that one unit increase in the scores was associated with a significantly lower risk of NPC (ORadj = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60–0.88) after controlling for potential confounders. Similar results were observed among Epstein-Barr virus seropositive subjects. An NPC protective diet is indicated with more phytonutrient-rich plant foods (fruits, vegetables), milk, other protein-rich foods (in particular fresh fish and eggs), and tea. This information may be used to design potential dietary regimen for NPC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Li Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WHP); (CJC)
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chu Chien
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Chunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mow-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-How Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WHP); (CJC)
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Tan C, Qian X, Guan Z, Yang B, Ge Y, Wang F, Cai J. Potential biomarkers for esophageal cancer. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:467. [PMID: 27119071 PMCID: PMC4833762 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer, which consist of esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, especially in the south of Iran and China. To find and investigate the biomarkers in the initiation, development and progression of esophageal cancer will help us predict the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients and improve the curative effect and survival rate. Here, we reviewed the potential biomarkers of esophageal cancer in three aspects: Immunohistochemical markers, blood-based markers, miRNA markers and Gene expression profiling. All these biomarkers provided promising therapeutic targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226321 China
| | - Xia Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226321 China
| | - Zhifeng Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226321 China
| | - Baixia Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226321 China
| | - Yangyang Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226321 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226321 China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226321 China
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Xie SH, Lagergren J. The Male Predominance in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14:338-347.e1. [PMID: 26484704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased rapidly during the past 4 decades in many Western populations, including North America and Europe. The established etiological factors for EAC include gastroesophageal reflux and obesity, Helicobacter pylori infection, tobacco smoking, and consumption of fruit and vegetables. There is a marked male predominance of EAC with a male-to-female ratio in incidence of up to 9:1. This review evaluates the available literature on the reasons for the male predominance, particularly an update on epidemiologic evidence from human studies during the past decade. The striking sex difference does not seem to be explained by established risk factors, given that the prevalence of the etiological factors and the strengths of associations between these factors and EAC risk are similar between the sexes. Sex hormonal factors may play a role in the development of EAC; estrogenic exposures may prevent such development, whereas androgens might increase the risk of EAC. However, continuing research efforts are still needed to fully understand the reasons for the male predominance of EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Xie
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Section of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College, London, United Kingdom
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Latino-Martel P, Cottet V, Druesne-Pecollo N, Pierre FH, Touillaud M, Touvier M, Vasson MP, Deschasaux M, Le Merdy J, Barrandon E, Ancellin R. Alcoholic beverages, obesity, physical activity and other nutritional factors, and cancer risk: A review of the evidence. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 99:308-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Abstract
Despite its nutritional benefits, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that regular consumption of red meat may negatively impact health and disease risk, including the risk of most common chronic diseases. This chapter reviews the current evidence linking red and processed meat intakes with chronic disease, obesity and mortality risks and discusses possible mechanisms to explain these associations. Research on the health benefits of diets low in red meat, including vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean and other plant-based diets, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Marsh
- Northside Nutrition and Dietetics, Australia
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50
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Liu X, Wang X, Lin S, Lao X, Zhao J, Song Q, Su X, Tak-Sun Yu I. Dietary patterns and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A population-based case-control study in a rural population. Clin Nutr 2015; 36:260-266. [PMID: 26687305 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Few studies were available in exploring the roles of dietary patterns in the development of esophageal cancer, especially in China. This study aimed to investigate the roles of dietary patterns in the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a Chinese rural population. METHODS A population-based cases-control study was designed and conducted in Yanting County, Sichuan Province of China during two years (between June 2011 and May 2013). A total of 942 pairs of ESCC cases and controls were recruited. A food frequency questionnaire was adopted to collect information of dietary consumption. Dietary patterns were extracted by using principle component and factor analysis based on 24 dietary groups. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by using logistic regression model, with adjustment for possible confounding variables. RESULTS Four major dietary patterns were identified, which were labeled as "prudent", "vegetable and fruits", "processed food" and "alcohol drinking". In comparison of the highest with the lowest quartiles of pattern scores, the processed food pattern (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 2.13-3.80) and alcohol drinking pattern (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.95-3.71) were significantly associated with an increased risk of ESCC, while the vegetable and fruit pattern (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.92) was associated with reduced risk by 30%. The prudent pattern was associated with a reduced risk by 33% (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.88) in a multivariate logistic regression model, but no statistical significance was reached in a composite model. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an important role of dietary patterns in ESCC. Diets rich in vegetables and fruits may decrease the risk of ESCC, whereas diets rich in processed food and drinking alcohol may increase the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Occupational and Environmental Health Academy, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sihao Lin
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Occupational and Environmental Health Academy, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiangqian Lao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jin Zhao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qingkun Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutic Vaccine, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuefen Su
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ignatius Tak-Sun Yu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Occupational and Environmental Health Academy, Hong Kong, China.
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