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Wang Y, Hu Y, Shen M, Cai Y, Li Z, Xue C, Tan X, Song J. The peripheral immune cell counts and mouth ulcers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23430. [PMID: 38173507 PMCID: PMC10761572 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explored the causal association of peripheral immune cell counts with mouth ulcers (MUs) by two-sample Mendelian Randomization. Design The counts of 12 circulating immune cell types (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, unswitched memory B cells, NK cells, B cells and a derived ratio (CD4+/CD8+)) were determined as the exposure. MUs were the outcome. The analysis was conducted mostly using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach. MR Egger, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode were used to detect the horizontal pleiotropy. Results The IVW results for leukocytes and lymphocyte counts were OR = 0.93, 95 % CI = 0.88-0.98, p = 0.0115 and OR = 0.91, 95 % CI: 0.84-0.98, p = 0.0150, respectively. The Wald ratio result for CD4+ cell and CD8+ cell counts were OR = 0.70, 95 % CI: 0.65-0.75, p = 1.05 × 10-20 and OR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.19-1.31, p = 9.99 × 10-21, respectively. Conclusions This study supports a causal effect of peripheral immune cell counts on MUs. Higher leukocyte, lymphocyte and CD4+ cell counts can protect against MUs, but higher CD8+ cell counts enhance the risk of MUs. This finding confirms host immune factors play a crucial role in the aetiology of MUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mengxuan Shen
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Cai
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changyue Xue
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Tan
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jukun Song
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Assiri K, Hosmani J, Chalikkandy SN, Alkahtani AM, Alhanif RM, Alsarh SA, Patil S, Reda R, Testarelli L. Correlating Salivary Levels of Immunoglobin E and Human Eosinophil Cationic Protein in the Aseer Cohort with Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2923-2931. [PMID: 37457753 PMCID: PMC10348369 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s410061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Repeated Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is the most prevalent inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa, characterized by recurrent emergence of single or numerous painful ulcers. RAS usually affects healthy people without systemic illnesses. There is evidence linking atopy to the progression of this illness. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and human eosinophil cationic protein (HECP) levels in the saliva of individuals with aphthous stomatitis were assessed as allergy-related indicators. Materials and Methods Sixty people were assessed for this study. 30 patients with RAS were included in the patient group, while 30 healthy individuals made up for the control group. Sixty participants' non-stimulated saliva was taken and IgE and HECP were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed in SPSS 20 through the Mann-Whitney test and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results The salivary level of HECP was significantly (p 0.05) higher among cases (0.83 0.70) compared to controls (0.170 0.15), whereas the salivary level of IgE was not significantly (p = 0.41) higher among cases (35.60 11.19) compared to controls (67.42 18.34). Conclusion Even though this study found a positive correlation between elevated HECP levels and RAS, additional research with larger sample sizes is required to identify the biological mechanisms responsible for the observed associations and to include salivary HECP levels in the RAS patient's evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Assiri
- Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jagadish Hosmani
- Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah M Alkahtani
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, 84095, USA
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
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Wu Y, Song J, Liu M, Ma H, Zhang J. Integrating GWAS and proteome data to identify novel drug targets for MU. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10437. [PMID: 37369724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouth ulcers have been associated with numerous loci in genome wide association studies (GWAS). Nonetheless, it remains unclear what mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of mouth ulcers at these loci, as well as what the most effective ulcer drugs are. Thus, we aimed to screen hub genes responsible for mouth ulcer pathogenesis. We conducted an imputed/in-silico proteome-wide association study to discover candidate genes that impact the development of mouth ulcers and affect the expression and concentration of associated proteins in the bloodstream. The integrative analysis revealed that 35 genes play a significant role in the development of mouth ulcers, both in terms of their protein and transcriptional levels. Following this analysis, the researchers identified 6 key genes, namely BTN3A3, IL12B, BPI, FAM213A, PLXNB2, and IL22RA2, which were related to the onset of mouth ulcers. By combining with multidimensional data, six genes were found to correlate with mouth ulcer pathogenesis, which can be useful for further biological and therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Manyi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, China.
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Rizvi Z, Choudhry N, Gondal AJ, Yasmin N. Association of Surfactant Protein D Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs721917, rs2243639, rs3088308 with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in Pakistani Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051119. [PMID: 37239479 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a benign ulcerative condition, defined by the recurrent formation of non-contagious mucosal ulcers. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is secreted frequently at surfaces exposed directly to body fluids. This study aims to investigate the association of SP-D single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the onset of RAS. Blood samples from 212 subjects (106 cases/controls each) were collected during 2019 and genotyped for SP-D SNPs (rs721917, rs2243639, rs3088308) by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism followed by 12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Minor aphthous (75.5%) was the commonly observed ulcer type as compared to herpetiform (21.7%) and major aphthous ulcers (2.8%). A family history of RAS was reported in 70% of cases. RAS was found significantly associated with rs3088308 genotypes T/A (95% (Cl): 1.57-5.03, p = 0.0005), A/A (95% (Cl): 1.8-6.7, p = 0.0002), T-allele (95% (Cl): 1.09-2.36, p = 0.01), A-allele (95% (Cl): 1.42-3.91, p = 0.01), rs721917 genotype T/T (95% (Cl): 1.15-25.35, p = 0.03), and T-allele (95% (Cl): 1.28-3.10, p = 0.002). Female gender and obese body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with rs3088308 genotypes T/A (95% (CI): 1.89-15.7, p = 0.001), T/T (95% (Cl): 1.52-11.9, p = 0.005), A-allele (95% (Cl): 1.65-7.58, p < 0.001), and T-allele (95% (Cl): 1.4-10.1, p <0.001) and rs721917 genotype T/T (95% (CI) = 1.3-33, p = 0.02), respectively. This study describes the association of SP-D SNPs (rs721917, rs3088308) with RAS in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Rizvi
- Department of Oral Pathology, de' Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nakhshab Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Jamal Gondal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Yasmin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Cai X, Shi W, Lian J, Zhang G, Cai Y, Zhu L. Characterization of immune landscape and development of a novel N7-methylguanine-related gene signature to aid therapy in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:133-148. [PMID: 36352034 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa resulting in an impaired life quality and even leading to tumors in susceptible populations. N7-Methylguanine (m7G) plays a vital role in various cellular activities but has not yet been investigated in RAS. We aimed at picturing the immune landscape and constructing an m7G-related gene signature, and investigating candidate drugs and gene-disease association to aid therapy for RAS. METHODS For our study, m7G-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. We outlined the immune microenvironment and studied the correlations between the m7G-related DEGs and immune cells/pathways. We performed functional enrichment analyses and constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) and multifactor regulatory network in RAS. The m7G-related hub genes were extracted to formulate the corresponding m7G predictive signature. RESULTS We obtained 11 m7G-related DEGs and studied a comprehensive immune infiltration landscape, which indicated several immune markers as possible immunotherapeutic targets. The PPI and multifactor regulatory network was constructed and 4 hub genes (DDX58, IFI27, IFIT5, and PML) were identified, followed by validation of the corresponding m7G predictive signature for RAS. GO and KEGG analyses revealed the participation of JAK-STAT and several immune-related pathways. Finally, we suggested candidate drugs and gene-disease associations for potential RAS medical interventions. CONCLUSIONS The present study pictured a comprehensive immune infiltration landscape and suggested that m7G played a vital role in RAS through immune-related pathways. This study provided new insight for the future investigation of the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guoyou Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuchen Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Lian Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Pan D, Qing MF, Ma DH, Wei J, Wang Z, Cai LY, Xu H, Zhou Y, Chen QM. Detection of the peripheral blood antigens and clinical value in recurrent aphthous ulcer: A cross-section study. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:304-309. [PMID: 36643277 PMCID: PMC9831785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background/purpose Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is one of the most common diseases of oral mucosa, which is generally believed to be related to immunity, though the etiology is still unclear. It is suspected that allergies are directly related to RAU. So we sought to explore the relationship between hypersensitivity and RAU. Materials and methods 40 RAU patients who were in ulceration period and 40 people who were in good health were selected from Jan 2016 to Feb 2017, matched in age and sex. The peripheral blood antigens of 40 RAU patients and 40 healthy people was tested, and serum specific IgE (sIgE) with 6 groups of antigens and total IgE (tIgE) analysis was performed to identify IgE-mediated allergic reaction possibly affecting RAU. We then investigated the food intolerance and IgG levels to discover the correlation between non-IgE mediated allergic reaction and RAU. Results The positive cases and rate of sIgE in RAU group was higher than that of control, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Positive grade of animal fur scraps (EX1), house dust mixed (HX2) and the serum tIgE concentration of the RAU group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).The number of food intolerance in RAU group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggested certain correlation between RAU and anaphylaxis. Daily contact allergens and food intolerance may be one of the causes of RAU. Moreover, this provides reference value for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao-feng Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan-hua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu-yao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec 3 Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec 3 Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Qian-ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Xiang H, Cheng D, Guo H, Wang Y, Jia Z, Gao Q. Relationships of interleukin-17 polymorphisms with recurrent aphthous ulcer risk in a Han Chinese population. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520976833. [PMID: 33351682 PMCID: PMC7758661 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520976833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Interleukin (IL)-17 is a multifunctional cytokine with important roles in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This case–control study explored the relationships of IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) morbidity and severity. Methods IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 SNPs were measured in 125 patients with RAU and 116 healthy control participants. The genotype distributions, disease risks, and relationships with RAU severity were analyzed. Results RAU risk was associated with rs2275913 after adjustment for age, body mass index, sex, smoking status, and drinking status (AA vs. GG: odds ratio [OR], 2.759; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.381–5.512; A allele vs. G allele: OR, 1.783; 95% CI, 1.242–2.560). TC and CC genotypes in rs763780, and the corresponding C allele, demonstrated greater prevalence among patients with RAU, compared with the TT genotype (TC vs. TT, OR: 1.895; 95% CI: 1.088–3.301; CC vs. TT, OR: 4.080, 95% CI: 1.079–15.425; C allele vs. T allele, OR: 1.969, 95% CI: 1.257–3.083). Serum IL-17 concentrations were also higher in patients with RAU than in control participants. These concentrations were associated with IL-17 polymorphisms. Conclusions IL-17 polymorphisms might be associated with greater risk of RAU pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Xiang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyu Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wang Z, Cao H, Xiong J, Lu Y, Deng Y, Nan H, Zheng S, Ye H, Cao Z. Recent advances in the aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:57-66. [PMID: 33574180 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common disease of oral mucosa, which almost attacks each individual once in their lifespan. Although plenty of factors have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of RAS, the aetiology of RAS is still controversial, which might lead to limited clinical therapies in accordance with each RAS patient. This review mainly illustrates recent advances in potential causes associated with RAS in detail. Deeper comprehension of the aetiology of RAS will support doctors and researchers to make a better management of RAS patients and to discover new treatments. The aetiology of RAS is complicated, hence we should take a comprehensive view into its aetiology, with multiple potential factors being considered. Sample collection of RAS patients have greatly limited the progress in the aetiology of RAS. A research model of multiagency cooperation can help achieve perfect sample collection of year-round and multiposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haibo Cao
- Clinical Medicine School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Jianqi Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yilong Lu
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixiao Deng
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Nan
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shutian Zheng
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhensheng Cao
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Wang K, Ding L, Yang C, Hao X, Wang C. Exploring the Relationship Between Psychiatric Traits and the Risk of Mouth Ulcers Using Bi-Directional Mendelian Randomization. Front Genet 2020; 11:608630. [PMID: 33424931 PMCID: PMC7793678 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.608630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association between mouth ulcers and psychiatric traits has been reported by observational studies, their causal relationship remains unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR), powered by large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), provides an opportunity to clarify the causality between mouth ulcers and psychiatric traits. Methods We collected summary statistics of mouth ulcers (sample size n = 461,106) and 10 psychiatric traits from the largest publicly available GWAS on Europeans, including anxiety disorder (n = 83,566), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 53,293), autism spectrum disorder (n = 46,350), bipolar disorder (n = 51,710), insomnia (n = 1,331,010), major depressive disorder (n = 480,359), mood instability (n = 363,705), neuroticism (n = 168,105), schizophrenia (n = 105,318), and subjective wellbeing (n = 388,538). We applied three two-sample bi-directional MR analysis methods, namely the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) method, and the weighted median method, to assess the causal relationship between each psychiatric trait and mouth ulcers. Results We found significant effects of autism spectrum disorder, insomnia, major depressive disorder, and subjective wellbeing on mouth ulcers, with the corresponding odds ratio (OR) from the IVW method being 1.160 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.066–1.261, P = 5.39 × 10–4], 1.092 (1.062–1.122, P = 3.37 × 10–10), 1.234 (1.134–1.342, P = 1.03 × 10–6), and 0.703 (0.571–0.865, P = 8.97 × 10–4), respectively. We also observed suggestive evidence for mood instability to cause mouth ulcers [IVW, OR = 1.662 (1.059–2.609), P = 0.027]. These results were robust to weak instrument bias and heterogeneity. We found no evidence on causal effects between other psychiatric traits and mouth ulcers, in either direction. Conclusion Our findings suggest a protective effect of subjective wellbeing and risk effects of autism spectrum disorder, insomnia, major depressive disorder, and mood instability on mouth ulcers. These results clarify the causal relationship between psychiatric traits and the development of mouth ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sánchez-Bernal J, Conejero C, Conejero R. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 111:471-480. [PMID: 32451064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. It is characterized by painful mouth ulcers that cannot be explained by an underlying disease. Recurrent oral mucosal ulcers require a proper differential diagnosis to rule out other possible causes before recurrent aphthous stomatitis is diagnosed. The condition is common, with prevalence rates ranging from 5 to 60% in different series. Its pathogenesis is unknown, but multiple factors are considered to play a part. There are no standardized treatments for this condition and none of the treatments are curative. The goal of any treatment should be to alleviate pain, reduce the duration of ulcers, and prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sánchez-Bernal
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - C Conejero
- Unidad de Dermatología, Centro Médico Millenium, Zaragoza, España
| | - R Conejero
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, España.
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Farhad-Mollashahi L, Honarmand M, Nakhaee A, Kamalzadeh S, Amini S. Salivary levels of IgE and ECP in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e9-e12. [PMID: 31976038 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.56254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common oral mucosa disease, with no specific etiology. Atopy has been implicated in the development of this disease. In this study, the salivary levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured as allergy-related biomarkers in patients with aphthous stomatitis. Material and Methods In this case-control study, non-stimulated saliva was collected from 85 participants and IgE and ECP were measured. Data were analyzed in SPSS 20 through the Mann-Whitney test, and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results The salivary levels of IgE and ECP were 1.11±0.65 Iu/ml and 26.93±6.95 ng/ml in the case group and 0.73±0/39 Iu/ml and 21.97±6.72 ng/ml in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of salivary levels of IgE and ECP (p=0.001). Conclusions The results showed that patients with oral aphthous had higher levels of salivary IgE and ECP than controls. Therefore, measurement of these biomarkers may be useful in the initial evaluation of patients with aphthous stomatitis. Key words:Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, saliva, immunoglobulin E, eosinophil cationic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farhad-Mollashahi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marieh Honarmand
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Amini
- Dentist, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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13
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Farhad-Mollashahi L, Honarmand M, Nakhaee A, Kamalzadeh S, Amini S. Salivary levels of IgE and ECP in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Clin Exp Dent 2020. [PMID: 31976038 PMCID: PMC6969959 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common oral mucosa disease, with no specific etiology. Atopy has been implicated in the development of this disease. In this study, the salivary levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured as allergy-related biomarkers in patients with aphthous stomatitis.
Material and Methods In this case-control study, non-stimulated saliva was collected from 85 participants and IgE and ECP were measured. Data were analyzed in SPSS 20 through the Mann-Whitney test, and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results The salivary levels of IgE and ECP were 1.11±0.65 Iu/ml and 26.93±6.95 ng/ml in the case group and 0.73±0/39 Iu/ml and 21.97±6.72 ng/ml in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of salivary levels of IgE and ECP (p=0.001).
Conclusions The results showed that patients with oral aphthous had higher levels of salivary IgE and ECP than controls. Therefore, measurement of these biomarkers may be useful in the initial evaluation of patients with aphthous stomatitis. Key words:Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, saliva, immunoglobulin E, eosinophil cationic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farhad-Mollashahi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marieh Honarmand
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Amini
- Dentist, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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14
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Chiang CP, Yu-Fong Chang J, Wang YP, Wu YH, Wu YC, Sun A. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis - Etiology, serum autoantibodies, anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and management. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 118:1279-1289. [PMID: 30446298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases characterized by recurrent and painful ulcerations on the movable or nonkeratinized oral mucosae. Clinically, three types of RAS, namely minor, major, and herpetiform types, can be identified. RAS more commonly affects labial mucosa, buccal mucosa, and tongue. Previous studies indicate that RAS is a multifactorial T cell-mediated immune-dysregulated disease. Factors that modify the immunologic responses in RAS include genetic predisposition, viral and bacterial infections, food allergies, vitamin and microelement deficiencies, systemic diseases, hormonal imbalance, mechanical injuries, and stress. Our previous study found the presence of serum gastric parietal cell antibody, thyroglobulin antibody, and thyroid microsomal antibody in 13.0%, 19.4%, and 19.7% of 355 RAS patients, respectively. We also found anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in 20.9%, 20.1%, 4.8%, 2.6%, and 7.7% of 273 RAS patients, respectively. Therefore, it is very important to examine the complete blood count, serum autoantibody, hematinic, and homocysteine levels in RAS patients before we start to offer treatments for RAS. Because RAS is an immunologically-mediated disease, topical and systemic corticosteroid therapies are the main treatments of choice for RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu-Fong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsueh Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Che Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Sun
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Borilova Linhartova P, Janos J, Slezakova S, Bartova J, Petanova J, Kuklinek P, Fassmann A, Dusek L, Izakovicova Holla L. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and gene variability in selected interleukins: a case-control study. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:485-492. [PMID: 30341786 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors, especially those related to immune system functioning, have been intensively studied to determine their role in the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The aim of the present study was to analyze gene variability in interleukin (IL)2, IL4 (and its receptor α, IL4Rα), IL10, and IL13, which were selected based on literature review and/or their functional relevance, in Czech patients with RAS and in healthy controls. In total, 252 subjects (178 controls and 74 patients with RAS) were enrolled in this case-control study, and their detailed anamnestic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained. Nine polymorphisms in the genes encoding interleukins were determined using PCR techniques. There were no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies of the IL2, IL4, IL4Rα, IL10, and IL13 polymorphisms rs2069762/rs2069763, rs2243250/rs79071878, rs1801275, rs1800896, and rs1800925, respectively, between controls and patients with RAS. The minority alleles rs1800871 and rs1800872, which encode variants of IL10, were associated with a statistically significantly higher risk of RAS, as confirmed by the results of genotype and haplotype analyses. We suggest that variability in the IL10 gene may play an important role in the development of RAS in the Czech population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Janos
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Slezakova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartova
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Dental Medicine, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Petanova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kuklinek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Fassmann
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dusek
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Ruan HH, Li GY, Duan N, Jiang HL, Fu YF, Song YF, Zhou Q, Wang X, Wang WM. Frequencies of abnormal humoral and cellular immune component levels in peripheral blood of patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:124-130. [PMID: 30895107 PMCID: PMC6388805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) has an incidence of approximately 20% in general population. However, its exact cause remains unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that immunologic mechanisms may play crucial roles in the etiology of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The peripheral blood samples were obtained from 85 patients with RAU during acute phase and 87 healthy controls. The serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 were measured by immunoturbidimetry. In addition, the serum IgE levels were measured by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. Furthermore, the percentages of B, T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Our findings showed that the serum IgG, IgA, IgE, C3 and C4 levels of RAU patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. The percentages of CD4+ T cells and B cells in peripheral blood of RAU patients were significantly decreased, whereas the percentages of CD8+ T cells and NK cells of RAU patients were remarkably increased. Our results indicated that the IgG level was elevated in 18 patients (21.2%) and that the IgE level was increased in 21 patients (24.7%). Our results also showed that the frequency of abnormal IgG or IgE levels were significantly correlated with that of abnormal CD8+ T cell percentage in RAU patients. CONCLUSION The levels of both humoral and cellular immune components could be altered in RAU. The relationship between humoral and cellular immune may be potentially important immunologic aspects involved in the pathogenesis of RAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Ruan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Yang Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Liu Jiang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Fu Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Feng Song
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Mei Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Saikaly SK, Saikaly TS, Saikaly LE. Recurrent aphthous ulceration: a review of potential causes and novel treatments. J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 29:542-552. [PMID: 29278022 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1422079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of article: This review examines studies published between May 2012 and 2017 with a specific interest in potential recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) etiologies and treatment modalities/efficacy, including topical treatments, systemic regimens, vitamin repletion, and laser therapy, among others. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using various combinations of: 'aphthous', 'ulcer', and 'treatment'. The titles and abstracts from the initial literature search were appraised to identify articles for full review and reference sections from each article were searched manually for relevant publications. Both randomized controlled trials and observational reports were included in this review, as some treatment types have not been formally examined in randomized trials. Relevant studies were reviewed, compared, and summarized. RESULTS RAU can result from systemic disease and trauma, but recent studies have shown a variety of potential etiologies, ranging from vitamin deficiencies, oral microbiota derangements, hematological considerations, stress, genetic polymorphisms to oxidant-antioxidant imbalances, among others. Many modalities of therapy are available and have proven efficacious. CONCLUSIONS As the exact etiology of RAU is still unknown, therapy is based on symptomatic relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Kameel Saikaly
- a Orlando Regional Medical Center , Orlando , FL , USA.,b University of Central Florida College of Medicine , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Tanya Siham Saikaly
- c University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Mimura MAM, Borra RC, Hirata CHW, de Oliveira Penido N. Immune response of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis challenged with a symbiotic. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:821-828. [PMID: 28776757 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are indications that Th1 polarization of immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), and that the use of probiotics can stimulate immune regulatory activity, influencing the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to characterize the initial immune profile of RAS patients and evaluate clinical and serological response following a challenge with symbiotic treatment containing fructooligosaccharide, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. METHODS The immune responses of the 45 patients with RAS, submitted to symbiotic or placebo for 120 days, in relation to 30 RAS-free controls, were evaluated over a period of 6 months. Peripheral blood was collected from all patients at 0 (T0), 120 (T4), and 180 days (T6) after the start of treatment and Th1 (IL12-p70, IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4), Treg (IL-10), Th17 (IL-17A), inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6)-associated cytokines, and clinical parameters were quantified. RESULTS At T0, significant differences were found in the serological levels of the IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-6 cytokines of the RAS patients in comparison with the controls. It was observed that the cytokine profile of the RAS group was comprised of 2 distinct clusters: a pure Th2 and a Mixed (Th1/Th2) subtype and that symbiotic treatment induced an improvement in pain and an increase in IFN-γ levels, producing a reduction in Th2 response. CONCLUSIONS In RAS, symbiotic treatment based on a fructooligosaccharide, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium composition produced an alteration in the Th2 serological immune profile in the direction of Th1 and improved pain symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Martins Mimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolutuion, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Hitomi Watashi Hirata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norma de Oliveira Penido
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Chainani-Wu N, Nayudu A. Resolution of recurrent aphthous ulcers after discontinuation of cow's milk protein intake. J Am Dent Assoc 2017; 148:614-617. [PMID: 28410620 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW Authors of published studies have reported elevated levels of circulating antibodies to cow's milk protein (CMP) in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs), and authors of case reports have described resolution of RAU after dairy elimination. CASE DESCRIPTION A 10-year-old girl and an 11-year-old boy, both with 5-year histories of frequent RAU episodes, with multiple ulcerations, underwent dairy elimination trials. Both were free of oral ulcers within 2 weeks of discontinuing CMP and remained so with a CMP-free diet. In addition, the first patient had recurrence of ulcerations after occasional ingestion of CMP-containing foods. She showed elevated blood levels of immunoglobulin E in reaction to CMP and soy. Soy intake did not trigger the ulcerations. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The proportion of patients with RAU in whom CMP acts as a trigger is unknown. However, CMP elimination trials are safe and feasible and, therefore, should be considered, particularly before use of medications with potential side effects.
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Slebioda Z, Szponar E, Kowalska A. Etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the role of immunologic aspects: literature review. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 62:205-15. [PMID: 24217985 PMCID: PMC4024130 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS; recurrent aphthous ulcers; canker sores) belongs to the group of chronic, inflammatory, ulcerative diseases of the oral mucosa. Up to now, the etiopathogenesis of this condition remains unclear; it is, however, considered to be multifactorial. The results of currently performed studies indicate that genetically mediated disturbances of the innate and acquired immunity play an important role in the disease development. Factors that modify the immunologic response in RAS include: food allergies, vitamin and microelement deficiencies, hormonal and gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), some viral and bacterial infections, mechanical injuries and stress. In this paper, we presented the main etiopathogenetic factors of RAS with a special emphasis on the mechanisms of the immune response modification. Moreover, we discussed the crucial clinical symptoms and types of RAS together with epidemiologic data based on the current medical literature reports and our own observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Slebioda
- Department of Oral Mucosa Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland,
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