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Taylor P, DiTommaso E, Scott-Storey K, O’Donnell S, Busolo D, Vincent CD, Malcolm J. Attachment, Mental Health, and Alcohol Use by Men: The Mediating Role of Cumulative Lifetime Violence Severity. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241255829. [PMID: 38819019 PMCID: PMC11143826 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241255829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cumulative lifetime violence (CLV) encompasses many different types and contexts of violence that occur across the lifespan and is associated with negative mental health outcomes in men; however, little attention has been paid to other factors that can influence these relationships such as attachment style. In this analysis, our focus is to understand how attachment styles directly and indirectly through CLV affect men's mental health, specifically depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol use. Data from 597 Canadian men with lifetime experiences of violence who participated in our national online survey focusing on violence and health were used for mediation analysis. Results indicated that CLV severity mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety (but not attachment avoidance) and depression, anxiety, PTSD, and alcohol use. Although attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance each directly affected depression, anxiety, and PTSD, neither directly affected alcohol use. Importantly, these findings provide the first evidence that the mechanism by which anxious attachment affects alcohol use is through CLV severity. These findings highlight the importance of anxious attachment on mental health outcomes for men who have experienced CLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrea Taylor
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Enrico DiTommaso
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Kelly Scott-Storey
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sue O’Donnell
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - David Busolo
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Charlene D. Vincent
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jeannie Malcolm
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Yadav S, Hong YR, Westen S, Marlow NM, Haller MJ, Walker AF. Sociodemographic factors associated with major depressive episodes and suicidal ideation among emerging adults with diabetes in the U.S. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1276336. [PMID: 38144571 PMCID: PMC10740161 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1276336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research focused on disparities related to mental health comorbidities, especially among emerging adults with diabetes, is limited. Identifying associated factors of disparities could inform policy decisions to make diabetes-related interdisciplinary care more accessible for vulnerable groups. Method Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2019), we examined disparities in presence of major depressive episode (MDE) and suicidal ideation among emerging adults with diabetes. Survey design-adjusted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses. Results The study included 1,125 emerging adults (18-25 years old), with a history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). After controlling for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, we found lower odds of having past-year major MDE for non-Hispanic Black (AOR, 0.42, p=0.032) compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Females were 3.02 times more likely to have past-year MDE than males (AOR, 3.02, p=0.004). The odds of having past-year MDE were 1.96 times higher among individuals who identified as LGB (lesbian, gay, bisexual) (AOR, 1.96, P=0.038). There were no statistically significant disparities in suicidal ideation related to race/ethnicity, sex, education, and family income. However, individuals who identified as LGB had significantly higher likelihood of suicidal ideation than their heterosexual counterparts (AOR, 2.47, P=0.004). Conclusion Significant disparities related to MDE and suicidal ideation exist based on race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. Integration of a mental health professional into the multidisciplinary diabetes care team is critical for effective management of comorbid mental health conditions in younger patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Yadav
- Department of Health Services Research Management, and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Young-Rock Hong
- Department of Health Services Research Management, and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sarah Westen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicole M. Marlow
- Department of Health Services Research Management, and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael J. Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ashby F. Walker
- Department of Health Services Research Management, and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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3
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Discovering Clusters of Support Utilization in the Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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How Can We Actually Change Help-Seeking Behaviour for Mental Health Problems among the General Public? Development of the 'PLACES' Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052831. [PMID: 35270523 PMCID: PMC8909998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Good treatment uptake is essential for clinically effective interventions to be fully utilised. Numerous studies have examined barriers to help-seeking for mental health treatment and to a lesser extent, facilitators. However, much of the current research focuses on changing help-seeking attitudes, which often do not lead to changes in behaviour. There is a clear gap in the literature for interventions that successfully change help-seeking behaviour among the general public. This gap is particularly relevant for early intervention. Here we describe the development of a new model which combines facilitators to treatment and an engaging, acceptable intervention for the general public. It is called the 'PLACES' (Publicity, Lay, Acceptable, Convenient, Effective, Self-referral) model of treatment engagement. It is based on theoretical work, as well as empirical research on a low intensity psychoeducational cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention: one-day workshops for stress and depression. In this paper, we describe the development of the model and the results of its use among four different clinical groups (adults experiencing stress, adults experiencing depression, adolescents (age 16-18) experiencing stress, and mothers with postnatal depression). We recorded high rates of uptake by people who have previously not sought help and by racial and ethnic minority groups across all four of these clinical groups. The clinical and research implications and applications of this model are discussed.
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Hassouneh D, Fornero K. "You have to fight to legitimize your existence all the time": The social context of depression in men with physical disabilities. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:80-87. [PMID: 33593519 PMCID: PMC7890048 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the common experience of depression in men with physical disabilities. To help address this gap, we present findings from a qualitative study situated in the social determinants of health (SDH). Findings describe the detrimental effects of marginalization, economic precarity, restrictive masculine norms, stigma, and the need to resist ableist messages on men's health and well-being. It is our intention to raise awareness of the impact of the SDH on depression in men with physical disabilities and encourage clinicians and policy makers to address the social domain as they seek to improve mental health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Hassouneh
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America.
| | - Kiki Fornero
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
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Deischinger C, Dervic E, Leutner M, Kosi-Trebotic L, Klimek P, Kautzky A, Kautzky-Willer A. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk for major depressive disorder in women than in men. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001430. [PMID: 32973072 PMCID: PMC7517557 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both diabetes mellitus and being female significantly increase the risk of being diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The diagnosis of MDD, combined with diabetes mellitus, can be detrimental in terms of mortality and morbidity. We aimed at investigating the impact of diabetes mellitus on the gender gap in MDD over the course of a human lifetime. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study over the course of 17 years, medical claims data of the general Austrian population (n=8 996 916) between 1997 and 2014 was analyzed. Of these, 123 232 patients with diabetes mellitus were extracted and compared with non-diabetic controls. RESULTS In a cohort of 123 232 patients with diabetes mellitus and 1 933 218 controls (52% females, 48% males), women with diabetes had 2.55 times increased ORs to be diagnosed with MDD compared with women without diabetes (95% CI 2.48 to 2.62, p<0.001) between the age of 30 and 69 years. The effect of diabetes mellitus on the prevalence of MDD was significantly smaller in men (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.80 to 1.91, p<0.001). Between 0 and 30 years and after age 70 years, the gender gap of MDD was not different between patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The peak of the gender gap in MDD in patients with diabetes mellitus was around the age of 40-49 years. A sensitivity analysis identified overweight, obesity and alcohol dependence as the most potent influencing factors of the widening of the gender gap among patients with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus is a stronger risk factor for MDD in women than in men, with the greatest width of the gender gap between 40 and 49 years. High-risk patients for MDD, such as overweight female patients with diabetes, should be more carefully assessed and monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Deischinger
- Department of Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Elma Dervic
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Leutner
- Department of Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Lana Kosi-Trebotic
- Department of Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Klimek
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Department of Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Gender Institute, Gars am Kamp, Austria
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Sagar-Ouriaghli I, Brown JSL, Tailor V, Godfrey E. Engaging male students with mental health support: a qualitative focus group study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1159. [PMID: 32709225 PMCID: PMC7379819 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Males are less likely to seek help for mental health difficulties compared to females. Despite considerable interest, a paucity of evidence-based solutions exists to address this. Concerns about students’ mental health has led to the United Kingdom’s Department of Education to make this a priority. Studies have shown that male students hold more negative attitudes towards the use of psychological services compared to female students and are less likely to seek help. A major concern is that male students make up 69% of university suicides, which is often associated with lower rates of help-seeking. This focus group study therefore sought to identify potential approaches that would be relevant to improving mental health help-seeking in male students. Methods Three focus groups comprising of 24 male students at a London University were conducted. Participants were asked questions exploring: the barriers to seeking help, what would encourage help-seeking, how an appropriate intervention should be designed, and how to publicise this intervention to male students. Thematic analysis was conducted to evaluate participants responses. Results Five distinct themes were identified. These were: 1) protecting male vulnerability, 2) providing a masculine narrative of help-seeking, 3) differences over intervention format, 4) difficulty knowing when and how to seek help, and 5) strategies to sensitively engage male students. Conclusions These themes represent important considerations that can be used, together with the existing literature about male help-seeking, to develop more male friendly interventions that are suitable for male students. This could help improve help-seeking attitudes and the uptake of mental health interventions for male students experiencing emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sagar-Ouriaghli
- Department of Psychology, Addiction Sciences Building, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8BB, UK.
| | - J S L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Henry Wellcome Building, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - V Tailor
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Godfrey
- Department of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK. .,Psychology Department, Guy's Campus, 5th Floor Bermondsey Wing, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Kloppe T, Pohontsch NJ, Scherer M. Types of Utilization and Types of Treatment Response in a Collaborative Care Approach for Depressive Disorders in Old Age in Primary Care. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:565929. [PMID: 33192688 PMCID: PMC7644545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment of depressive disorders in old age is hindered by several barriers. Most common are time pressure in primary care and latency for specialized therapeutic care. To improve treatment, the collaborative care approach GermanIMPACT was evaluated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Care managers offered a complex stepped-care intervention of monitoring, psychoeducation, and behavioral activation techniques. Twenty-six percent of the intervention group responds with a remission of depressive symptoms compared with 11% who received treatment as usual (TAU). The low-threshold intervention was more successful than TAU. Nevertheless, three-quarters did not respond with a remission. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the different types of utilization and of treatment response to understand what constitutes an effective intervention. Methods: Of 64 patients from the intervention group, we carried out problem-centered interviews with 26 patients from the intervention group. We analyzed the interviews using a qualitative type-building content analysis. For type construction, we performed a contrasting case comparison, regarding inductive and deductive categories of the intervention utilization and the symptom development. Results: The 26 participants' ages ranged from 62 to 87 years (mean = 72 years). Three participants were male. We identified five types of utilization, which differ primarily in the realization of pleasant activations, depending on own activity at the beginning and during the therapy: "activatable relief seekers," "active relief seekers," "active relaxation seekers," "passive problem-solving seekers," and "passive relief seekers." In the second typology, we analyzed four deductively determined types of treatment response responders, slight improvers, constant moderates, and non-responders. Patient-specific characteristics are a recent history of depression, an affinity for activities, supportive contacts, and limited comorbidity. In contrast, non-responders report contrary characteristics. Conclusion: Our two typologies emphasize that an effective intervention requires a match between intervention components and patient characteristics. We saw no intersections between utilization and treatment response. GermanIMPACT is an effective low-threshold intervention for moderately burdened patients, who are still capable of self-activation. An expansion of the intervention, especially for depression with a long history and comorbidities impairing mobility, could increase the effectiveness and improve the care situation of older people suffering from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kloppe
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Janis Pohontsch
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Whiteside U, Richards J, Huh D, Hidalgo R, Nordhauser R, Wong AJ, Zhang X, Luxton DD, Ellsworth M, Lezine D. Development and Evaluation of a Web-Based Resource for Suicidal Thoughts: NowMattersNow.org. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e13183. [PMID: 31045498 PMCID: PMC6521196 DOI: 10.2196/13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly half of people who die by suicide see a health care provider in the month before their death. With the release of new care guidelines, detection of suicidal patients will likely increase. Providers need access to suicide-specific resources that can be used as part of immediate, brief interventions with a suicidal patient. Web-based suicide prevention resources have the potential to address this need. Objective This study aimed to describe the development of the NowMattersNow.org website as a resource for individuals with suicidal thoughts and to evaluate the utility of the site via user experience surveys. Methods NowMattersNow.org is an online video-based free public resource that provides evidence-based teachings, examples, and resources for managing suicidal thoughts and intense emotions focused largely around skills from dialectical behavior therapy. Developed with assistance from mental health consumers, it is intended to address gaps in access to services for suicidal patients in health care systems. Visitors stay an average of a minute and a half on the website. From March 2015 to December 2017, a user experience survey measured self-reported changes on a 1 (not at all) to 5 (completely overwhelming) scale regarding intensity of suicidal thoughts and negative emotions while on the website. Longitudinal regression analyses using generalized estimating equations evaluated the magnitude and statistical significance of user-reported changes in suicidal ideation and negative emotion. In secondary analyses, user-reported changes specific to subgroups, including men aged 36 to 64 years, mental health care providers, and other health care providers were evaluated. Results During the period of analysis, there were 138,386 unique website visitors. We analyzed surveys (N=3670) collected during that time. Subsamples included men aged 36 to 64 years (n=512), mental health providers (n=460), and other health care providers (n=308). A total of 28% (1028/3670) of survey completers rated their suicidal thoughts as a 5 or “completely overwhelming” when they entered the website. We observed significant reductions in self-reported intensity of suicidal thoughts (–0.21, P<.001) and negative emotions (–0.32, P<.001), including decreases for users with the most severe suicidal thoughts (–6.4%, P<.001), most severe negative emotions (–10.9%, P<.001), and for middle-aged men (–0.13, P<001). Results remained significant after controlling for length of visit to website (before the survey) and technology type (mobile, desktop, and tablet). Conclusions Survey respondents reported measurable reductions in intensity of suicidal thoughts and emotions, including those rating their suicidal thoughts as completely or almost completely overwhelming and among middle-aged men. Although results from this user-experience survey administered at one point in time to a convenience sample of users must be interpreted with caution, results provide preliminary support for the potential effectiveness of the NowMattersNow.org website as a tool for short-term management of suicidal thoughts and negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Whiteside
- NowMattersNow.org, Seattle, WA, United States.,School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie Richards
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David Huh
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rianna Hidalgo
- NowMattersNow.org, Seattle, WA, United States.,Berkeley School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - David D Luxton
- NowMattersNow.org, Seattle, WA, United States.,School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - DeQuincy Lezine
- NowMattersNow.org, Seattle, WA, United States.,Prevention Communities, Fresno, CA, United States
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Brown JSL, Murphy C, Kelly J, Goldsmith K. How can we successfully recruit depressed people? Lessons learned in recruiting depressed participants to a multi-site trial of a brief depression intervention (the 'CLASSIC' trial). Trials 2019; 20:131. [PMID: 30760305 PMCID: PMC6375167 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are enormous problems in recruiting depressed people into randomised controlled trials (RCTs), with numerous studies consistently failing to recruit to target (Sully et al., Trials 14:166, 2013). Given the high prevalence of—and disability associated with—depression, it is important to find ways of effectively recruiting to RCTs evaluating interventions. This study aimed to test the feasibility of using a self-referral system to recruit to a brief intervention in a multi-site trial, the CLASSIC trial of self-confidence workshops for depression. In that trial, participants referred themselves to a depression intervention with a positive non-diagnostic title of ‘self-confidence’, given the close relationship of depression and self-esteem (Horrell et al., Br J Psychiatry 204:222–233, 2014). Method We analysed uptake and retention rates by recruitment to the study, attendance at the workshops and follow-up rates. However, because of the rapid rate of recruitment, we decided to pause the trial and revise our original single-site research protocol in months 5–6. We report findings under three main headings: recruitment rates for the 12 months of the project before and after the pause; data regarding attendance at the workshops before and after the pause; and the follow-up rates before and after the pause. Results We recruited 459 participants within 12 months, representing 38 participants recruited per month. Improved uptake of the intervention and retention after the development of multi-site research protocols are reported. Discussion Based on previous evidence from RCT recruitment among depressed participants, our recruitment rate demonstrates that a self-referral system using a non-diagnostic title of self-confidence is a successful recruitment method. The implications of rapid recruitment using a self-referral system are described, including the impact on uptake of the intervention as well as participant retention. Because of the potential for recruiting many participants quickly, research teams need to be adequately resourced and the oversight committees prepared to meet at shorter intervals with RCTs of brief interventions. Short conclusion Self-referral to a brief intervention for depression with a non-diagnostic title can be a very effective way of recruiting depressed people into trials. However, there are also some challenges. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN26634837. Registered on 10 June 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- June S L Brown
- Psychology Department (P077), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Caroline Murphy
- King's Clinical Trials Unit (PO64), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Joanna Kelly
- King's Clinical Trials Unit (PO64), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kimberley Goldsmith
- Biostatistics & Health Informatics Department (PO20), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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11
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Sveinsdottir V, Eriksen HR, Baste V, Hetland J, Reme SE. Young adults at risk of early work disability: who are they? BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1176. [PMID: 30326872 PMCID: PMC6192296 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults that are not in education, training or employment represent a problem across European countries. While some are cases of temporary transitions or short-term inactivity, others represent a more vulnerable group at risk of early work disability. Early exclusion from the labor market represents long lives exposed to detrimental effects of unemployment on health and well-being, and constitutes an economic burden for society. There is need for more knowledge about young adults who are at risk of early work disability but have not yet reached the point of more permanent exclusion. This study aims to investigate social and health-related problems in a Norwegian sample of young adults at risk of early work disability, and their self-perceived causes of illness. METHODS Baseline data from participants in the SEED-trial (N = 96), a randomized controlled trial comparing individual placement and support to traditional vocational rehabilitation in young adults at risk of early work disability, were analyzed. Background, health behaviors, adverse social experiences, disability level, physical and mental health, social support, coping, and self-perceived causal attributions of illness were measured. Gender differences were analyzed using chi-square and t-tests. RESULTS Mean age was 24, and 68% were men. One third reported reading and writing difficulties, and 40% had less than high-school education. The majority had experienced bullying (66%) or violence (39%), and 53% reported hazardous alcohol use. Psychological distress was the most prevalent health problem (52%), and women generally had more physical and mental health problems than men. Self-perceived causal attributions of illness were mainly related to relational problems, followed by health behaviors, heredity/genetics, and external environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS The study provides a deeper insight into a vulnerable group with substantial challenges related to adverse social experiences, psychological distress, and alcohol use, who emphasized relational problems as the main causal factor for their illness. Findings suggest a need for broader focus on psychological and social factors in vocational rehabilitation efforts targeting young adults at risk of early work disability. Furthermore, gender-specific approaches may be warranted and should be followed up in future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02375074 . Retrospectively registered December 3rd 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hege Randi Eriksen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jørn Hetland
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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