1
|
Guo J, Li T, Wu T, Wang Z, Zou Z, Peng C, Zhou X, Li P, Liu Z, Tang J, Zhang C. Drought and warming interaction cause substantial economic losses in the carbon market potential of China's northern grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176182. [PMID: 39270863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Grasslands are being threatened by global drought and warming. Economic assessments of changing grassland carbon sequestration, a prerequisite for nature-based climate-change mitigation policies, are limited when researchers inadequate consider interactions between drought and warming. Here, we quantified the responses of 35 grass biomasses to combined drought and warming, based on manipulation experiments from 34 peer-reviewed papers; subsequently, we matched them with grasslands in northern China-the eastern range of the larger Eurasian Steppe-and further projected the economic implications for carbon market trading and carbon-sequestration costs. The results show that carbon sequestration in all grassland types, except for forbrich steppe, was significantly reduced by the synergistic interactions of drought and warming. Approximately 10 % of the grasslands in central Xinjiang, identified as forbrich steppe, showed resilience to these stressors. In contrast, the rest of northern China's grasslands suffered increased carbon losses due to drought and warming. The combined effects of drought and warming have caused a loss of 1.6 × 104 million Chinese yuan (CNY) in revenue and excess carbon-sequestration costs exceeding 1.1 × 105 million CNY. Overall, our study results indicate that the synergistic effects of drought and warming significantly undermine the economic viability of carbon sequestration in most of northern China's grasslands. As climate change intensifies, understanding and incorporating the complex interactions of drought and warming can aid in the sustainable management of grassland ecosystems and the development of effective climate-change mitigation policies in arenas, including carbon markets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Guo
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dong-ting Lake Basin, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhaoguo Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ziying Zou
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dong-ting Lake Basin, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dong-ting Lake Basin, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dong-ting Lake Basin, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dong-ting Lake Basin, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zelin Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dong-ting Lake Basin, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jiayi Tang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dong-ting Lake Basin, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Cicheng Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dong-ting Lake Basin, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin Y, Xie T, Li S, Li X, Liu W. Amplified photosynthetic responses to drought events offset the positive effects of warming on arid desert plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175899. [PMID: 39222813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing warming will influence plant photosynthesis via thermal effects and by enhancing water deficit. As the primary limiting factor for the growth and development of plants in arid deserts, water may alter the potential warming effects on plant photosynthesis and lead to increased uncertainty in plant dynamics. Here, we used open-top chambers (OTCs) to evaluate the impacts of in situ warming (+0.5 and +1.5 °C) on the photosynthesis and growth of two representative desert plants, Artemisia ordosica and Grubovia dasyphylla, from wet to dry spells. The plant traits associated with photosynthetic diffusive and biochemical processes were also measured to explore the underlying mechanisms involved. We found that warming significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (Anet) during wet spells under 1.5 °C warming in both plants, while only increased that of A. ordosica under 0.5 °C warming. During dry spells, Anet decreased both in A. ordosica and G. dasyphylla, with the rates of declining being 48 % and 41 %, respectively, higher than control under warming. Consequently, warming significantly amplified photosynthetic responses to drought events, which offset the positive warming effects during wet spells and led to unchanged plant biomass in both species. Besides, alterations in plant traits tended to be associated with positive warming effects during wet spells, and the negative effects of drought were mainly due to stomatal limitation. Our results emphasised that the potential benefits of warming during wet spells may be reversed during drought events. Thus, the adverse effects of ongoing warming on desert productivity may increase during dry spells in growing seasons and during dry years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Lin
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanglang Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan J, Yu X, Wu T, Gao S, Zhang T, Yan Q, Li R, Zhu J. Asymmetric Warming of Day and Night Benefits the Early Growth of Acer mono Seedlings More Than Symmetric Warming. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39253998 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric warming refers to the difference between the increase in daytime maximum temperature and the increase in nighttime minimum temperature and has been documented in temperate regions. However, its impacts on seedling growth have been largely ignored. In this study, seedlings of a widely distributed tree species, Acer mono Maxim., were exposed to both symmetric warming (SW) and asymmetric warming scenarios (day warming [DW], night warming [NW] and diurnal asymmetric warming [DAW]). Compared to control, all warming scenarios were found to enhance belowground biomass. DW promoted the seedling growth, while NW reduced the stem biomass. DAW did not impact the total biomass relative to the control. Compared to SW, DAW advanced phenology, increased indole-3-acetic acid content and chlorophyll content, which enhanced total biomass and stored more NSC in the root. Future DAW would be not beneficial to the growth of A. mono seedlings by comparing with the control. This research encourages further exploration of tree growth experiments under asymmetric warming conditions, as most studies tend to underestimate the warming effects on plant growth by focusing on SW. Incorporating the responses of seedling physiology and growth to non-uniform diurnal warming into earth system models is crucial for more accurately predicting carbon and energy balances in a warmer world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlei Yu
- Guangzhou Beipei High School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shitong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaoling Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang, China
| | - Rongping Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect, Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaojun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li F, Qing T, Wu F, Yue K, Zhu J, Ni X. Trade-off in the partitioning of recent photosynthate carbon under global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17110. [PMID: 38273584 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
There may be trade-offs in the allocation patterns of recent photosynthetic carbon (RPC) allocation in response to environmental changes, with a greater proportion of RPC being directed towards compartments experiencing limited resource availability. Alternatively, the allocation of RPC could shift from sources to sinks as plants processing excess photosynthates. It prompts the question: Does the pattern of RPC allocation vary under global changes? If so, is this variation driven by optimal or by residual C allocation strategies? We conducted a meta-analysis by complicating 273 pairwise observations from 55 articles with 13 C or 14 C pulse or continuous labeling to assess the partitioning of RPC in biomass (leaf, stem, shoot, and root), soil pools (soil organic C, rhizosphere, and microbial biomass C) and CO2 fluxes under elevated CO2 (eCO2 ), warming, drought and nitrogen (N) addition. We propose that the increased allocation of RPC to belowground under sufficient CO2 results from the excretion of excess photosynthates. Warming led to a significant reduction in the percentage of RPC allocated to shoots, alongside an increase in roots allocation, although this was not statistically significant. This pattern is due to the reduced water availability resulting from warming. In conditions of drought, there was a notable increase in the partitioning of RPC to stems (+7.25%) and roots (+36.38%), indicative of a greater investment of RPC in roots for accessing water from deeper soil. Additionally, N addition led to a heightened allocation of RPC in leaves (+10.18%) and shoots (+5.78%), while reducing its partitioning in soil organic C (-8.92%). Contrary to the residual C partitioning observed under eCO2 , the alterations in RPC partitioning in response to warming, drought, and N supplementation are more comprehensively explained through the lens of optimal partitioning theory, showing a trade-off in the partitioning of RPC under global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Qing
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyin Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Wang C. Interactive effects of elevated temperature and drought on plant carbon metabolism: A meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2824-2835. [PMID: 36794475 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Elevated temperature (Te ) and drought often co-occur and interactively affect plant carbon (C) metabolism and thus the ecosystem C cycling; however, the magnitude of their interaction is unclear, making the projection of global change impacts challenging. Here, we compiled 107 journal articles in which temperature and water availability were jointly manipulated, and we performed a meta-analysis of interactive effects of Te and drought on leaf photosynthesis (Agrowth ) and respiration (Rgrowth ) at growth temperature, nonstructural carbohydrates and biomass of plants, and their dependencies on experimental and biological moderators (e.g., treatment intensity, plant functional type). Our results showed that, overall, there was no significant interaction of Te and drought on Agrowth . Te accelerated Rgrowth under well-watered conditions rather than under drought conditions. The Te × drought interaction on leaf soluble sugar and starch concentrations were neutral and negative, respectively. The effect of Te and drought on plant biomass displayed a negative interaction, with Te deteriorating the drought impacts. Drought induced an increase in root to shoot ratio at ambient temperature but not at Te . The magnitudes of Te and drought negatively modulated the Te × drought interactions on Agrowth . Root biomass of woody plants was more vulnerable to drought than that of herbaceous plants at ambient temperature, but this difference diminished at Te . Perennial herbs exhibited a stronger amplifying effect of Te on plant biomass in response to drought than did annual herbs. Te exacerbated the responses of Agrowth and stomatal conductance to drought for evergreen broadleaf trees rather than for deciduous broadleaf and evergreen coniferous trees. A negative Te × drought interaction on plant biomass was observed on species-level rather than on community-level. Collectively, our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the interactive effects of Te and drought on plant C metabolism, which would improve the prediction of climate change impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chandregowda MH, Tjoelker MG, Pendall E, Zhang H, Churchill AC, Power SA. Belowground carbon allocation, root trait plasticity, and productivity during drought and warming in a pasture grass. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2127-2145. [PMID: 36640126 PMCID: PMC10084810 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining grassland production in a changing climate requires an understanding of plant adaptation strategies, including trait plasticity under warmer and drier conditions. However, our knowledge to date disproportionately relies on aboveground responses, despite the importance of belowground traits in maintaining aboveground growth, especially in grazed systems. We subjected a perennial pasture grass, Festuca arundinacea, to year-round warming (+3 °C) and cool-season drought (60% rainfall reduction) in a factorial field experiment to test the hypotheses that: (i) drought and warming increase carbon allocation belowground and shift root traits towards greater resource acquisition and (ii) increased belowground carbon reserves support post-drought aboveground recovery. Drought and warming reduced plant production and biomass allocation belowground. Drought increased specific root length and reduced root diameter in warmed plots but increased root starch concentrations under ambient temperature. Higher diameter and soluble sugar concentrations of roots and starch storage in crowns explained aboveground production under climate extremes. However, the lack of association between post-drought aboveground biomass and belowground carbon and nitrogen reserves contrasted with our predictions. These findings demonstrate that root trait plasticity and belowground carbon reserves play a key role in aboveground production during climate stress, helping predict pasture responses and inform management decisions under future climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Amber C Churchill
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brempong MB, Amankwaa-Yeboah P, Yeboah S, Owusu Danquah E, Agyeman K, Keteku AK, Addo-Danso A, Adomako J. Soil and water conservation measures to adapt cropping systems to climate change facilitated water stresses in Africa. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1091665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex controls and non-linear responses of the climate system to global warming make it difficult to have clear-cut predictions of future precipitation amounts and timelines. It is, however, evident from current observations that some predictions of unusually high rates of flooding and droughts are occurring and threatening food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The impact of climate change is immense on SSA though it contributes the least to climate change globally. Crops face lots of growth challenges which reduce their productivity under drought and flood conditions. SSA must prepare agricultural soils for the anticipated climate variabilities, to ensure sustainable food availability. The effort to adapt soils to climate change must be a concerted one, using technologies from various facets of science. Stakeholders must adopt water-smart strategies that maintain proper soil-water balance. They should focus on manageable inherent soil properties that control the susceptibility/adaptability of cropping systems to climate change. Conservation agriculture techniques that target improving soil organic matter and maintaining soil life; protecting the soil from compaction and erosion; reducing soil disturbance; enhancing soil infiltration and groundwater recharge capacity, must be applied to our soils. A number of these techniques equip the soils to be better sinks of excess water in flood-prone areas and improve water-holding capacities in drought-prone ones. Governments, farmers, and all stakeholders must also invest in both simple and complex water harvesting/ re-directing infrastructure which conserve water for future use. Water-efficient irrigation systems must be employed by farmers during water scarcity. Most importantly, gaps between research, industry, farmers, and governments must be bridged to for easy flow of information on improved technologies and quick adoption of climate change mitigation strategies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pastore MA. Bringing the underground to the surface: Climate change stressors negatively affect plant growth, with contrasting above and belowground physiological responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2267-2270. [PMID: 35706391 PMCID: PMC9546244 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Pastore
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Gund Institute for EnvironmentUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| |
Collapse
|