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Cao C, Fu G, Xu R, Li N. Coupling of Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factors with Viral Susceptibility and Inflammation. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2028-2050. [PMID: 37962454 PMCID: PMC11346407 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by persistent cognitive decline. Amyloid plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological features of AD brain, though mechanisms leading to the formation of lesions remain to be understood. Genetic efforts through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified dozens of risk genes influencing the pathogenesis and progression of AD, some of which have been revealed in close association with increased viral susceptibilities and abnormal inflammatory responses in AD patients. In the present study, we try to present a list of AD candidate genes that have been shown to affect viral infection and inflammatory responses. Understanding of how AD susceptibility genes interact with the viral life cycle and potential inflammatory pathways would provide possible therapeutic targets for both AD and infectious diseases.
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Fu X, Chu C, Pang Y, Cai H, Ren Z, Jia L. A blood mRNA panel that differentiates Alzheimer's disease from other dementia types. J Neurol 2023; 270:2117-2127. [PMID: 36611114 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have been reported to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated whether plasma-based mRNAs could distinguish AD from cognitively normal controls and other types of dementia, including vascular dementia (VaD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and dementia with Lewy body (DLB). METHODS Plasma mRNA expression was measured in three independent datasets. Dataset 1 (n = 40; controls, 20; AD, 20) was used to identify the differentially expressed mRNAs. Dataset 2 (n = 122; controls: 60; AD: 62) was used to develop a diagnostic AD model using an mRNA panel. Furthermore, we applied the model to Dataset 3 (n = 334; control, 57; AD, 58; VaD, 55; PDD, 54; bvFTD, 55; DLB, 55) to verify its ability to identify AD and other types of dementia. RESULTS Dataset 1 showed 22 upregulated and 21 downregulated mRNAs. A panel of six mRNAs distinguished AD from the control group in Dataset 2. The panel was used to successfully differentiate AD from other types of dementia in Dataset 3. CONCLUSIONS An AD-specific panel of six mRNAs was created that can be used for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Fu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, China
| | - Changbiao Chu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, China
| | - Yana Pang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Cai
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, China
| | - Ziye Ren
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, China.
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3
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Jeyananthan P. Role of different types of RNA molecules in the severity prediction of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154311. [PMID: 36657221 PMCID: PMC9840815 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the current threat of the world with enormous number of deceases. As most of the countries have constraints on resources, particularly for intensive care and oxygen, severity prediction with high accuracy is crucial. This prediction will help the medical society in the selection of patients with the need for these constrained resources. Literature shows that using clinical data in this study is the common trend and molecular data is rarely utilized in this prediction. As molecular data carry more disease related information, in this study, three different types of RNA molecules ( lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA) of SARS-COV-2 patients are used to predict the severity stage and treatment stage of those patients. Using seven different machine learning algorithms along with several feature selection techniques shows that in both phenotypes, feature importance selected features provides the best accuracy along with random forest classifier. Further to this, it shows that in the severity stage prediction miRNA and lncRNA give the best performance, and lncRNA data gives the best in treatment stage prediction. As most of the studies related to molecular data uses mRNA data, this is an interesting finding.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder with multifaceted neuropathological features, including β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has implicated both beneficial and pathological roles for innate immune genes and immune cells, including peripheral immune cells such as T cells, which can infiltrate the brain and either ameliorate or exacerbate AD neuropathogenesis. These findings support a neuroimmune axis of AD, in which the interplay of adaptive and innate immune systems inside and outside the brain critically impacts the etiology and pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we discuss the complexities of AD neuropathology at the levels of genetics and cellular physiology, highlighting immune signaling pathways and genes associated with AD risk and interactions among both innate and adaptive immune cells in the AD brain. We emphasize the role of peripheral immune cells in AD and the mechanisms by which immune cells, such as T cells and monocytes, influence AD neuropathology, including microglial clearance of amyloid-β peptide, the key component of β-amyloid plaque cores, pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of microglia, astrogliosis, and their interactions with the brain vasculature. Finally, we review the challenges and outlook for establishing immune-based therapies for treating and preventing AD.
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5
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Autoencoder Networks Decipher the Association between Lung Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2009545. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2009545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignancy and is responsible for the largest cancer-related mortality worldwide. Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative neurological disease that burdens healthcare worldwide. While the two diseases are distinct, several transcriptomic studies have demonstrated they are linked. However, no concordant conclusion on how they are associated has been drawn. Since these studies utilized conventional bioinformatics methods, such as the differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, it is naturally expected that the proportion of DEGs having either the same or inverse directions in lung cancer and Alzheimer’s disease is substantial. This raises the inconsistency. Therefore, a novel bioinformatics method capable of determining the direction of association is desirable. In this study, the moderated t-tests were first used to identify DEGs that are shared by the two diseases. For the shared DEGs, separate autoencoder (AE) networks were trained to extract a one-dimensional representation (pseudogene) for each disease. Based on these pseudogenes, the association direction between lung cancer and Alzheimer’s disease was inferred. AE networks based on 266 shared DEGs revealed a comorbidity relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and lung cancer. Specifically, Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the predicted values using the two AE networks for the Alzheimer’s disease test set was 0.825 and for the lung cancer test set was 0.316. Novel bioinformatics methods such as an AE network may help decipher how distinct diseases are associated by providing the refined representations of dysregulated genes.
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Sirin S, Nigdelioglu Dolanbay S, Aslim B. The relationship of early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease genes with COVID-19. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:847-859. [PMID: 35429259 PMCID: PMC9012910 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases have been exposed to excess risk by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19’s main manifestations include high body temperature, dry cough, and exhaustion. Nevertheless, some affected individuals may have an atypical presentation at diagnosis but suffer neurological signs and symptoms as the first disease manifestation. These findings collectively show the neurotropic nature of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its ability to involve the central nervous system. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease and COVID-19 has a number of common risk factors and comorbid conditions including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and the expression of APOE ε4. Until now, a plethora of studies have examined the COVID-19 disease but only a few studies has yet examined the relationship of COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease as risk factors of each other. This review emphasizes the recently published evidence on the role of the genes of early- or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease in the susceptibility of individuals currently suffering or recovered from COVID-19 to Alzheimer’s disease or in the susceptibility of individuals at risk of or with Alzheimer’s disease to COVID-19 or increased COVID-19 severity and mortality. Furthermore, the present review also draws attention to other uninvestigated early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease genes to elucidate the relationship between this multifactorial disease and COVID-19.
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Ueno M, Yoshino Y, Mori H, Funahashi Y, Kumon H, Ochi S, Ozaki T, Tachibana A, Yoshida T, Shimizu H, Mori T, Iga JI, Ueno SI. Association Study and Meta-Analysis of Polymorphisms and Blood mRNA Expression of the ALDH2 Gene in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:863-871. [PMID: 35404279 PMCID: PMC9198735 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is a complex disease in which neuroinflammation plays an important pathophysiological role, and exposure to neurotoxic substrates such as aldehydes may contribute. Blood mRNA expression levels of neuroinflammation-related genes appear to be potential biological markers of LOAD. A relationship between ALDH2 and LOAD has been suggested. Objective: Our objective was to examine blood ALDH2 expression in Japanese LOAD patients, conduct a genetic association study, and add new studies to an extended meta-analysis of the Asian population. Methods: A blood expression study (45 AD subjects, 54 controls) in which total RNA was isolated from whole peripheral blood samples and ALDH2 expression measured was conducted. In addition, a genetic association study (271 AD subjects, 492 controls) using genomic DNA from whole peripheral blood samples was conducted. Finally, a meta-analysis examined the relationship between ALDH2*2 frequency and the risk of LOAD. Results: ALDH2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in LOAD than in controls, and also higher in men with LOAD than in women with LOAD (p = 0.043). The genotypes in the two classified groups and the allele frequency were significantly different between AD and control subjects. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference in the ALDH2*2 allele, with an increased AD risk (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02–1.85; p = 0.0348, I2 = 81.1%). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in blood ALDH2 expression, and a genetic association with ALDH2*2 in LOAD. ALDH2 may have significant roles in the pathogenesis of LOAD in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yu Funahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tachibana
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shu-ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Song H, Yang J, Yu W. Promoter Hypomethylation of TGFBR3 as a Risk Factor of Alzheimer’s Disease: An Integrated Epigenomic-Transcriptomic Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:825729. [PMID: 35310542 PMCID: PMC8924075 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.825729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the abnormal deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles in the brain and accompanied with cognitive impairment. However, the fundamental cause of this disease remains elusive. To elucidate the molecular processes related to AD, we carried out an integrated analysis utilizing gene expression microarrays (GSE36980 and GSE5281) and DNA methylation microarray (GSE66351) in temporal cortex of AD patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We totally discovered 409 aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes. These dysregulated genes were significantly enriched in biological processes including cell part morphogenesis, chemical synaptic transmission and regulation of Aβ formation. Through convergent functional genomic (CFG) analysis, expression cross-validation and clinicopathological correlation analysis, higher TGFBR3 level was observed in AD and positively correlated with Aβ accumulation. Meanwhile, the promoter methylation level of TGFBR3 was reduced in AD and negatively associated with Aβ level and advanced Braak stage. Mechanically, TGFBR3 might promote Aβ production by enhancing β- and γ-secretase activities. Further investigation revealed that TGFBR3 may exert its functions via Synaptic vesicle cycle, Calcium signaling pathway and MAPK signal pathway by regulating hub genes GNB1, GNG3, CDC5L, DYNC1H1 and FBXW7. Overall, our findings highlighted TGFBR3 as an AD risk gene and might be used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jue Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Yu,
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9
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Progress on the roles of MEF2C in neuropsychiatric diseases. Mol Brain 2022; 15:8. [PMID: 34991657 PMCID: PMC8740500 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 C (MEF2C), one of the transcription factors of the MADS-BOX family, is involved in embryonic brain development, neuronal formation and differentiation, as well as in the growth and pruning of axons and dendrites. MEF2C is also involved in the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), epilepsy, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review the relationship between MEF2C and neuropsychiatric disorders, and provide further insights into the mechanism of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,Department of Mental Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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10
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Ren J, Zhang S, Wang X, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Xiao Y, Liu J, Chu L, Qi X. MEF2C ameliorates learning, memory, and molecular pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease in vivo and in vitro. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:77-90. [PMID: 35130621 PMCID: PMC9909301 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) is highly expressed in the nervous system, and regulates neuro-development, synaptic plasticity, and inflammation. However, its mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is underestimated. In this study, the role and mechanism of MEF2C were investigated in the brain tissue specimens from patients with AD, APPswe/PSEN1dE9 double transgenic (APP/PS1_DT) mice, and SH-SY5Y cells treated with β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). The results indicated that the expression of MEF2C is significantly reduced, and the expression of MEF2C/Aβ in different parts of brain is negatively correlated in patients with AD. Knockdown of MEF2C promotes cell apoptosis and the level of β-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE) but reduces BACE2 expression. In addition, knockdown of enhances the generation and aggregation of Aβ in the cortex of APP/PS1_DT mice, reduces the expression of synaptic proteins, exacerbates the ability of learning and memory of APP/PS1_DT mice, damages the structure of mitochondria, increases the oxidative stress (OS) level, and inhibits the expression levels of members of the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway. In summary, inhibition of MEF2C exacerbates the toxic effect of Aβ and , damages synaptic plasticity, reduces the ability of learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice, and increases the level of OS via the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamou Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China,Department of Laboratory Medicinethe 4th People′s Hospital of GuiyangGuiyang550004China
| | - Shuli Zhang
- Chinese People′s Liberation ArmySecret Service Center Sanatorium of XiamenXiamen361000China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Yuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Liangzhao Chu
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-851-86752814; E-mail: (X.Q.) / E-mail: (L.C.)@qq.com
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China,Translational Medicine Research CenterGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-851-86752814; E-mail: (X.Q.) / E-mail: (L.C.)@qq.com
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Navakkode S, Gaunt JR, Pavon MV, Bansal VA, Abraham RP, Chong YS, Ch'ng TH, Sajikumar S. Sex-specific accelerated decay in time/activity-dependent plasticity and associative memory in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13502. [PMID: 34796608 PMCID: PMC8672784 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that female brains are more predisposed to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this disparity remain unknown. In several mouse models of AD, synaptic plasticity dysfunction is an early event and appears before significant accumulation of amyloid plaques and neuronal degeneration. However, it is unclear whether sexual dimorphism at the synaptic level contributes to the higher risk and prevalence of AD in females. Our studies on APP/PS1 (APPSwe/PS1dE9) mouse model show that AD impacts hippocampal long‐term plasticity in a sex‐specific manner. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) induced by strong tetanic stimulation (STET), theta burst stimulation (TBS) and population spike timing‐dependent plasticity (pSTDP) show a faster decay in AD females compared with age‐matched AD males. In addition, behavioural tagging (BT), a model of associative memory, is specifically impaired in AD females with a faster decay in memory compared with males. Together with the plasticity and behavioural data, we also observed an upregulation of neuroinflammatory markers, along with downregulation of transcripts that regulate cellular processes associated with synaptic plasticity and memory in females. Immunohistochemistry of AD brains confirms that female APP/PS1 mice carry a higher amyloid plaque burden and have enhanced microglial activation compared with male APP/PS1 mice. Their presence in the diseased mice also suggests a link between the impairment of LTP and the upregulation of the inflammatory response. Overall, our data show that synaptic plasticity and associative memory impairments are more prominent in females and this might account for the faster progression of AD in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Navakkode
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- Department of Physiology National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Jessica Ruth Gaunt
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Maria Vazquez Pavon
- Department of Physiology National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Riya Prasad Abraham
- Department of Physiology National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Yee Song Chong
- Department of Physiology National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Toh Hean Ch'ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- School of Biological Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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12
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Kumon H, Yoshino Y, Funahashi Y, Mori H, Ueno M, Ozaki Y, Yamazaki K, Ochi S, Mori T, Iga JI, Nagai M, Nomoto M, Ueno SI. PICALM mRNA Expression in the Blood of Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Depression. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1055-1062. [PMID: 33386803 PMCID: PMC7990403 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) is a validated genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is associated with other neurodegenerative diseases. However, PICALM expression in the blood of neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the usefulness of PICALM expression levels in the blood of patients with AD, Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and geriatric major depressive disorder (MDD) as a diagnostic biomarker. METHODS In total, 45, 20, 21, and 19 patients with AD, PD, DLB, and geriatric MDD, respectively, and 54 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE97760), (GSE133347) and (GSE98793), (GSE48350), and (GSE144459) were used to validate the ability of biomarkers in the blood of patients with AD, PD, geriatric MDD, and a postmortem human AD brain and animal model of AD (3xTg-AD mouse), respectively. RESULTS PICALM mRNA expression in human blood was significantly increased in patients with AD compared with that in HCs. PICALM mRNA expression and age were negatively correlated only in patients with AD. PICALM mRNA expression in human blood was significantly lower in patients with PD than in HCs. No changes in PICALM mRNA expression were found in patients with DLB and geriatric MDD. CONCLUSION PICALM mRNA expression in blood was higher in patients with AD, but lower in patients with PD, which suggests that PICALM mRNA expression in human blood may be a useful biomarker for differentiating neurodegenerative diseases and geriatric MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yu Funahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mariko Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagai
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nomoto
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Mak S, Li W, Fu H, Luo J, Cui W, Hu S, Pang Y, Carlier PR, Tsim KW, Pi R, Han Y. Promising tacrine/huperzine A-based dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for neurodegenerative disorders: From relieving symptoms to modifying diseases through multitarget. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1381-1393. [PMID: 33930191 PMCID: PMC8458250 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are devastating diseases in the elderly world, which are closely associated with progressive neuronal loss induced by a variety of genetic and/or environmental factors. Unfortunately, currently available treatments for neurodegenerative disorders can only relieve the symptoms but not modify the pathological processes. Over the past decades, our group by collaborating with Profs. Yuan-Ping Pang and Paul R. Carlier has developed three series of homo/hetero dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitors derived from tacrine and/or huperzine A. The representative dimers bis(3)-Cognitin (B3C), bis(12)-hupyridone, and tacrine(10)-hupyridone might possess disease-modifying effects through the modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors, the activation of myocyte enhancer factor 2D gene transcription, and the promotion of neurotrophic factor secretion. In this review, we summarize that the representative dimers, such as B3C, provide neuroprotection against a variety of neurotoxins via multiple targets, including the inhibitions of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor with pathological-activated potential, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and β-amyloid cascades synergistically. More importantly, B3C might offer disease-modifying potentials by activating myocyte enhancer factor 2D transcription, inducing neuritogenesis, and promoting the expressions of neurotrophic factors in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the novel dimers might offer synergistic disease-modifying effects, proving that dimerization might serve as one of the strategies to develop new generation of therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinghung Mak
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jialie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shengquan Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanping Pang
- Mayo Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Karl Wahkeung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Jaladanki SK, Elmas A, Malave GS, Huang KL. Genetic dependency of Alzheimer's disease-associated genes across cells and tissue types. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12107. [PMID: 34103633 PMCID: PMC8187448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments targeting disease etiology are urgently needed for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although candidate AD genes have been identified and altering their levels may serve as therapeutic strategies, the consequence of such alterations remain largely unknown. Herein, we analyzed CRISPR knockout/RNAi knockdown screen data for over 700 cell lines and evaluated cellular dependencies of 104 AD-associated genes previously identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression network studies. Multiple genes showed widespread cell dependencies across tissue lineages, suggesting their inhibition may yield off-target effects. Meanwhile, several genes including SPI1, MEF2C, GAB2, ABCC11, ATCG1 were identified as genes of interest since their genetic knockouts specifically affected high-expressing cells whose tissue lineages are relevant to cell types found in AD. Overall, analyses of genetic screen data identified AD-associated genes whose knockout or knockdown selectively affected cell lines of relevant tissue lineages, prioritizing targets for potential AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj K Jaladanki
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Abdulkadir Elmas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gabriel Santos Malave
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kuan-Lin Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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15
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Zhang T, Shen Y, Guo Y, Yao J. Identification of key transcriptome biomarkers based on a vital gene module associated with pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14940-14967. [PMID: 34031265 PMCID: PMC8221319 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of transcriptome expression has been reported to play an increasingly significant role in AD. In this study, we firstly identified a vital gene module associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) using the WGCNA method. The vital module, named target module, was then employed for the identification of key transcriptome biomarkers. For coding RNA, GNA13 and GJA1 were identified as key biomarkers based on ROC analysis. As for non-coding RNA, MEG3, miR-106a-3p, and miR-24-3p were determined as key biomarkers based on analysis of a ceRNA network and ROC analysis. Experimental analyses firstly confirmed that GNA13, GJA1, and ROCK2, a downstream effector of GNA13, were all increased in 5XFAD mice, compared to littermate mice. Moreover, their expression was increased with aging in 5XFAD mice, as Aβ and p-tau pathology developed. Besides, the expression of key ncRNA biomarkers was verified to be decreased in 5XFAD mice. GSEA results indicated that GNA13 and GJA1 were respectively involved in ribosome and spliceosome dysfunction. MEG3, miR-106a-3p, and miR-24-3p were identified to be involved in MAPK pathway and PI3K-Akt pathway based on enrichment analysis. In summary, we identified several key transcriptome biomarkers, which promoted the prediction and diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Adewale Q, Khan AF, Carbonell F, Iturria-Medina Y. Integrated transcriptomic and neuroimaging brain model decodes biological mechanisms in aging and Alzheimer's disease. eLife 2021; 10:e62589. [PMID: 34002691 PMCID: PMC8131100 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by concurrent alterations in several biological factors. However, generative brain models of aging and AD are limited in incorporating the measures of these biological factors at different spatial resolutions. Here, we propose a personalized bottom-up spatiotemporal brain model that accounts for the direct interplay between hundreds of RNA transcripts and multiple macroscopic neuroimaging modalities (PET, MRI). In normal elderly and AD participants, the model identifies top genes modulating tau and amyloid-β burdens, vascular flow, glucose metabolism, functional activity, and atrophy to drive cognitive decline. The results also revealed that AD and healthy aging share specific biological mechanisms, even though AD is a separate entity with considerably more altered pathways. Overall, this personalized model offers novel insights into the multiscale alterations in the elderly brain, with important implications for identifying effective genetic targets for extending healthy aging and treating AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quadri Adewale
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Ahmed F Khan
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | | | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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17
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Adrião A, Santana I, Ribeiro C, Cancela ML, Conceição N, Grazina M. Identification of a novel mutation in MEF2C gene in an atypical patient with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:319-326. [PMID: 33999292 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The MEF2C gene encodes a transcription factor known to play a crucial role in molecular pathways affecting neuronal development. MEF2C mutations were described as a genetic cause of developmental disease (MRD20), and several reports sustain its involvement in dementia-related conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These pathologies and frontotemporal degeneration (FTLD) are thought to share common physiopathological pathways. In this exploratory study, we searched for alterations in the DNA sequence of exons and boundaries, including 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (5'UTR, 3'UTR), of MEF2C gene in 11 patients with clinical phenotypes related with MRD20 or FTLD. We identified a heterozygous deletion of 13 nucleotides in the 5'UTR region of a 69 years old FTLD patient. This alteration was absent in 200 healthy controls, suggesting a contribution to this patient's disease phenotype. In silico analysis of the mutated sequence indicated changes in mRNA secondary structure and stability, thus potentially affecting MEF2C protein levels. Furthermore, in vitro functional analysis of this mutation revealed that the presence of this deletion abolished the transcriptional activity of the gene in human embryonic cells and rat brain neurons, probably by modifying MEF2C expression. Altogether, our results provide evidence for the involvement of MEF2C in FTLD manifesting with seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Adrião
- Centre of Marine Sciences/CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Pólo III - Subunit I, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba Celas PT, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Ribeiro
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra - Laboratory of Mitochondrial BioMedicine and Theranostics, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences/CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Algarve Biomedical Centre, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas PT, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Natércia Conceição
- Centre of Marine Sciences/CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Algarve Biomedical Centre, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas PT, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Grazina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Pólo III - Subunit I, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba Celas PT, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra - Laboratory of Mitochondrial BioMedicine and Theranostics, Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Zhang F, Rao S, Cao H, Zhang X, Wang Q, Xu Y, Sun J, Wang C, Chen J, Xu X, Zhang N, Tian L, Yuan J, Wang G, Cai L, Xu M, Baranova A. Genetic evidence suggests posttraumatic stress disorder as a subtype of major depressive disorder. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:145942. [PMID: 33905376 PMCID: PMC8803333 DOI: 10.1172/jci145942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid and exhibit strong correlations with one another. We aimed to investigate mechanisms of underlying relationships between PTSD and three kinds of depressive phenotypes, namely, MDD, depressed affect (DAF), and depression (DEP, including both MDD and the broad definition of depression). METHODS Genetic correlations between PTSD and the depressive phenotypes were tested using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Polygenic overlap analysis was used to estimate shared and trait-specific causal variants across a pair of traits. Causal relationships between PTSD and the depressive phenotypes were investigated using Mendelian randomization. Shared genomic loci between PTSD and MDD were identified using cross-trait meta-analysis. RESULTS Genetic correlations of PTSD with the depressive phenotypes were in the range of 0.71~0.80. The estimated numbers of causal variants were 14,565, 12,965, 10,565, and 4,986 for MDD, DEP, DAF, and PTSD, respectively. In each case, causal variants contributing to PTSD were completely or largely covered by causal variants defining each of the depressive phenotypes. Mendelian randomization analysis indicates that the genetically determined depressive phenotypes confer a causal effect on PTSD (b = 0.21~0.31). Notably, genetically determined PTSD confers a causal effect on DEP (b = 0.14) and DAF (b = 0.15), but not MDD. Cross-trait meta-analysis of MDD and PTSD identifies 47 genomic loci, including 29 loci shared between PTSD and MDD. CONCLUSION Evidence from shared genetics suggests that PTSD is a subtype of MDD. This study provides support to the efforts in reducing diagnostic heterogeneity in psychiatric nosology. FUNDING The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1314300) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471364 and 81971255).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuquan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, United States of America
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijia Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, United States of America
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19
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Nerve impulse transmission pathway-focused genes expression analysis in patients with primary hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. Endocr Regul 2021; 54:109-118. [PMID: 32597152 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid hormones have important actions in the adult brain. They regulate genes expression in myelination, differentiation of neuronal and glial cells, and neuronal viability and function. METHODS We used the pathway-specific real-time PCR array (Neurotrophins and Receptors RT2 Profiler PCR Array, QIAGEN, Germany) to identify and verify nerve impulse transmission pathway-focused genes expression in peripheral white blood cells of patients with postoperative hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism as a result of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and AIT with elevated serum an anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. RESULTS It was shown that patients with postoperative hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism resulting from AIT had significantly lower expression of BDNF and CBLN1. In patients with AIT with elevated serum anti-Tg and anti-TPO antibodies, the expression of GDNF was significantly down-regulated and the expression of PNOC was up-regulated. The expression levels of MEF2C and NTSR1 were decreased in the group of patients with postoperative hypothyroidism and AIT, correspondingly. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that AIT and hypothyroidism can affect the expression of mRNA nerve impulse transmission genes in gene specific manner and that these changes in gene expressions can be playing a role in the development of neurological complications associated with thyroid pathology. Detection of the transcriptional activity of nerve impulse transmission genes in peripheral white blood cells can be used as an important minimally invasive prognostic marker of the risk for developing neurological complications comorbid with thyroid pathology.
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20
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Xue F, Tian J, Yu C, Du H, Guo L. Type I interferon response-related microglial Mef2c deregulation at the onset of Alzheimer's pathology in 5×FAD mice. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105272. [PMID: 33540048 PMCID: PMC7956132 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial etiology. The role of microglia in the pathogenesis of AD has been increasingly recognized in recent years; however, the detailed mechanisms shaping microglial phenotypes in AD-relevant pathological settings remain largely unresolved. Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (Mef2C) is a transcription factor with versatile functions. Recent studies have attributed aging-related microglial changes to type I interferon (IFN-I)-associated Mef2C deregulation. In view of the close relationship between brain aging and AD, it is of great interest to determine microglial Mef2C changes in AD-related conditions. In this study, we have found that suppressed Mef2C nuclear translocation was an early and prominent microglial phenotype in a mouse model of brain amyloidosis (5×FAD mice), which exacerbated with age. Echoing the early Mef2C deregulation and its association with microglial activation, transcriptional data showed elicited IFN-I response in microglia from young 5×FAD mice. Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) in its oligomeric forms promoted Mef2C deregulation in microglia on acute organotypic brain slices with augmented microglial activation and synapse elimination via microglial phagocytosis. Importantly, these oligomeric Aβ42-mediated microglial changes were substantially attenuated by blocking IFN-I signaling. The simplest interpretation of the results is that Mef2C, concurring with activated IFN-I signaling, constitutes early microglial changes in AD-related conditions. In addition to the potential contribution of Mef2C deregulation to the development of microglial phenotypes in AD, Mef2C suppression in microglia may serve as a potential mechanistic pathway linking brain aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, KS 66045, United States; The Biological Science Department, University of Texas at Dallas, TX 75080, United States
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, KS 66045, United States; The Biological Science Department, University of Texas at Dallas, TX 75080, United States
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, KS 66045, United States; The Biological Science Department, University of Texas at Dallas, TX 75080, United States
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, KS 66045, United States; Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, KS 66045, United States; The Biological Science Department, University of Texas at Dallas, TX 75080, United States.
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, KS 66045, United States; Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, KS 66045, United States; The Biological Science Department, University of Texas at Dallas, TX 75080, United States.
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21
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Ochi S, Iga JI, Funahashi Y, Yoshino Y, Yamazaki K, Kumon H, Mori H, Ozaki Y, Mori T, Ueno SI. Identifying Blood Transcriptome Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease Using Transgenic Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4941-4951. [PMID: 32816243 PMCID: PMC7541363 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The testing of pathological biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as amyloid beta and tau, is time-consuming, expensive, and invasive. Here, we used 3xTg-AD mice to identify and validate putative novel blood transcriptome biomarkers of AD that can potentially be identified in the blood of patients. mRNA was extracted from the blood and hippocampus of 3xTg-AD and control mice at different ages and used for microarray analysis. Network and functional analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes between AD and control mice modulated the immune and neuroinflammation systems. Five novel gene transcripts (Cdkn2a, Apobec3, Magi2, Parp3, and Cass4) showed significant increases with age, and their expression in the blood was collated with that in the hippocampus only in AD mice. We further assessed previously identified candidate biomarker genes. The expression of Trem1 and Trem2 in both the blood and brain was significantly increased with age. Decreased Tomm40 and increased Pink1 mRNA levels were observed in the mouse blood. The changes in the expression of Snca and Apoe mRNA in the mouse blood and brain were similar to those found in human AD blood. Our results demonstrated that the immune and neuroinflammatory system is involved in the pathophysiologies of aging and AD and that the blood transcriptome might be useful as a biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Yu Funahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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22
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Vidal-Sancho L, Fernández-García S, Solés-Tarrés I, Alberch J, Xifró X. Decreased Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 Levels in the Hippocampus of Huntington's Disease Mice Are Related to Cognitive Dysfunction. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4549-4562. [PMID: 32757160 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
People suffering from Huntington's disease (HD) present cognitive deficits. Hippocampal dysfunction has been involved in the HD learning and memory impairment, but proteins leading this dysregulation are not fully characterized. Here, we studied the contribution of the family of transcription factors myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) to the HD cognitive deficits. To this aim, we first analyzed MEF2 protein levels and found that they are reduced in the hippocampus of exon-1 (R6/1) and full-length (HdhQ7/Q111) mutant huntingtin (mHTT) mice at the onset of cognitive dysfunction. By the analysis of MEF2 mRNA levels and mHTT-MEF2 interaction, we discarded that reduced MEF2 levels are due to changes in the transcription or sequestration in mHTT aggregates. Interestingly, we showed in R6/1 primary hippocampal cultures that reduction of MEF2 is strongly related to a basal and non-apoptotic caspase activity. To decipher the involvement of hippocampal decreased MEF2 in memory impairment, we used the BML-210 molecule that activates MEF2 transcriptional activity by the disruption MEF2-histone deacetylase class IIa interaction. BML-210 treatment increased the number and length of neurites in R6/1 primary hippocampal cultures. Importantly, this effect was prevented by transduction of lentiviral particles containing shRNA against MEF2. Then, we demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of BML-210 (150 mg/Kg/day) for 4 days in R6/1 mice improved cognitive performance. Finally, we observed that BML-210 treatment also promoted the activation of MEF2-dependent memory-related genes and the increase of synaptic markers in the hippocampus of R6/1 mice. Our findings point out that reduced hippocampal MEF2 is an important mediator of cognitive dysfunction in HD and suggest that MEF2 slight basal activation could be a good therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vidal-Sancho
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-García
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Irene Solés-Tarrés
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain. .,Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
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23
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Sherva R, Gross A, Mukherjee S, Koesterer R, Amouyel P, Bellenguez C, Dufouil C, Bennett DA, Chibnik L, Cruchaga C, del-Aguila J, Farrer LA, Mayeux R, Munsie L, Winslow A, Newhouse S, Saykin AJ, Kauwe JS, Crane PK, Green RC. Genome-wide association study of rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients identifies novel genes and pathways. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1134-1145. [PMID: 32573913 PMCID: PMC7924136 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variability exists in the disease trajectories of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We performed a genome-wide association study to examine rate of cognitive decline (ROD) in patients with AD. METHODS We tested for interactions between genetic variants and time since diagnosis to predict the ROD of a composite cognitive score in 3946 AD cases and performed pathway analysis on the top genes. RESULTS Suggestive associations (P < 1.0 × 10-6 ) were observed on chromosome 15 in DNA polymerase-γ (rs3176205, P = 1.11 × 10-7 ), chromosome 7 (rs60465337,P = 4.06 × 10-7 ) in contactin-associated protein-2, in RP11-384F7.1 on chromosome 3 (rs28853947, P = 5.93 × 10-7 ), family with sequence similarity 214 member-A on chromosome 15 (rs2899492, P = 5.94 × 10-7 ), and intergenic regions on chromosomes 16 (rs4949142, P = 4.02 × 10-7 ) and 4 (rs1304013, P = 7.73 × 10-7 ). Significant pathways involving neuronal development and function, apoptosis, memory, and inflammation were identified. DISCUSSION Pathways related to AD, intelligence, and neurological function determine AD progression, while previously identified AD risk variants, including the apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 and ε2 variants, do not have a major impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., E-200, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alden Gross
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St, Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Suite 2-700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shubhabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Ryan Koesterer
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Inserm UMR-1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245 - 59019 LILLE cedex, FRANCE
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Celine Bellenguez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Inserm UMR-1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245 - 59019 LILLE cedex, FRANCE
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- Inserm Unit 1219 Bordeaux Population Health, CIC 1401-EC (Clinical Epidemiology), University of Bordeaux, ISPED (Bordeaux School of Public Health), Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lori Chibnik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Office 9607, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Jorge del-Aguila
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Office 9607, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., E-200, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leanne Munsie
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Ashley Winslow
- Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
- dd Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Health Neuroscience Center, Suite 4100, 355 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John S.K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 105 FPH, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Paul K. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359780, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, EC Alumnae Building, Suite 301, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Cuellar-Barboza AB, Sánchez-Ruiz JA, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, González S, Calvo G, Lugo J, Costilla-Esquivel A, Martínez LE, Ibarra-Ramirez M. Gene expression in peripheral blood in treatment-free major depression. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020; 32:1-10. [PMID: 32039744 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2020.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral gene expression of several molecular pathways has been studied in major depressive disorder (MDD) with promising results. We sought to investigate some of these genes in a treatment-free Latino sample of Mexican descent. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample consisted of 50 MDD treatment-free cases and 50 sex and age-matched controls. Gene expression of candidate genes of neuroplasticity (BDNF, p11, and VGF), inflammation (IL1A, IL1B, IL4, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL10, MIF, and TNFA), the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (TCF7L2, APC, and GSK3B), and mTOR, was compared in cases and controls. RNA was obtained from blood samples. We used bivariate analyses to compare subjects versus control mean mRNA quantification of target genes and lineal regression modelling to test for effects of age and body mass index on gene expression. RESULTS Most subjects were female (66%) with a mean age of 26.7 (SD 7.9) years. Only GSK3B was differentially expressed between cases and controls at a statistically significant level (p = 0.048). TCF7L-2 showed the highest number of correlations with MDD-related traits, yet these were modest in size. DISCUSSION GSK3B encodes a moderator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. It has a role in neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, depression, and other psychiatric phenotypes. We found that adding population diversity has the potential to elicit distinct peripheral gene expression markers in MDD and MDD-related traits. However, our results should only be considered as hypothesis-generating research that merits further replication in larger cohorts of similar ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo B Cuellar-Barboza
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jorge A Sánchez-Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Sarai González
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Geovana Calvo
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - José Lugo
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Antonio Costilla-Esquivel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
- Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas A.C. (CIMAT), Monterrey, México
| | - Laura E Martínez
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Marisol Ibarra-Ramirez
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
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25
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Ozaki Y, Yoshino Y, Yamazaki K, Ochi S, Iga J, Nagai M, Nomoto M, Ueno S. DRD2 methylation to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2020; 141:177-182. [PMID: 31659741 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to clarify whether DRD2 methylation changes in leukocytes of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) or Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are seen and can be used to discriminate between them. METHODS Methylation rates were examined in 23 DLB subjects and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls and 37 PD patients and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Significant DRD2 DNA methylation changes were found in leukocytes of DLB and PD patients compared with healthy subjects. Discriminant analysis between DLB and PD using seven CpG sites demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 83.8% and 90.9%, respectively. None of the CpG sites were associated with sex, age, age of onset, disease duration, and any of the neuropsychological tests in DLB and PD patients. CONCLUSION This is the first report showing that DRD2 DNA methylation rates in leukocytes were increased in DLB patients and decreased in PD patients. These results may be an important step in understanding epigenetic mechanisms underlying DLB and PD pathogenesis and providing a novel biomarker for discriminating between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagai
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan
| | - Masahiro Nomoto
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan
| | - Shu‐ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan
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26
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Frost GR, Jonas LA, Li YM. Friend, Foe or Both? Immune Activity in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:337. [PMID: 31920620 PMCID: PMC6916654 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), neuronal death and synaptic loss, and inflammation in the brain. AD research has, in large part, been dedicated to the understanding of Aβ and NFT deposition as well as to the pharmacological reduction of these hallmarks. However, recent GWAS data indicates neuroinflammation plays a critical role in AD development, thereby redirecting research efforts toward unveiling the complexities of AD-associated neuroinflammation. It is clear that the innate immune system is intimately associated with AD progression, however, the specific roles of glia and neuroinflammation in AD pathology remain to be described. Moreover, inflammatory processes have largely been painted as detrimental to AD pathology, when in fact, many immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis aid in the reduction of AD pathologies. In this review, we aim to outline the delicate balance between the beneficial and detrimental aspects of immune activation in AD as a more thorough understanding of these processes is critical to development of effective therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia R. Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Manhattan, NY, United States
| | - Lauren A. Jonas
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Manhattan, NY, United States
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Manhattan, NY, United States
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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27
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Liu S, Rao S, Xu Y, Li J, Huang H, Zhang X, Fu H, Wang Q, Cao H, Baranova A, Jin C, Zhang F. Identifying common genome-wide risk genes for major psychiatric traits. Hum Genet 2019; 139:185-198. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Sao T, Yoshino Y, Yamazaki K, Ozaki Y, Mori Y, Ochi S, Yoshida T, Mori T, Iga JI, Ueno SI. TREM1 mRNA Expression in Leukocytes and Cognitive Function in Japanese Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:1275-1284. [PMID: 30010135 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) activates the innate immune system, promotes phagocytosis by microglia, and is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The possible role of a related molecule, TREM1, in AD remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated a possible role for TREM1 in AD by determining the gene expression and methylation levels of TREM1 in leukocytes from AD patients. METHODS Fifty patients with AD and 50 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. AD patients underwent a battery of neuropsychiatric tests. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from each participant, RNA and DNA were extracted, and samples were assessed for TREM1 mRNA expression and methylation rates at three CpG sites in the TREM1 promoter. RESULTS TREM1 mRNA expression levels in AD patients were significantly higher than those in controls (p = 0.008). TREM1 mRNA expression levels were not correlated with sex, age, duration of illness, APOE genotype, donepezil treatment, or scores of most neuropsychiatric tests. TREM1 mRNA expression levels in AD patients were correlated with the total score of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (p = 0.047, r = - 0.344). Methylation rates at the three CpG sites were significantly lower in AD patients than in controls. We also found a significant correlation between TREM1 mRNA expression and TREM1 DNA methylation rates (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION TREM1 may be associated with the immune responses in AD, and along with hypomethylation at CpG sites in the TREM1 promoter, may become part of a biomarker panel for AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Abstract
Dementia is an overarching term which describes a group of symptoms that result in long-term decline in cognitive functioning that is significant enough to affect daily function. It is caused by a number of different diseases, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease. Currently, there are no definitive biomarkers for preclinical or diagnostic use, or which differentiate between underlying disease types. The purpose of this review is to highlight several important areas of research on blood-based biomarkers of dementia, with a specific focus on epigenetic biomarkers. A systematic search of the literature identified 77 studies that compared blood DNA methylation between individuals with dementia and controls and 45 studies that measured microRNA. Very few studies were identified that focused on histone modifications. There were many promising findings from studies in the field of blood-based epigenetic biomarkers of dementia, however, a lack of consistency in study design, technologies, and platforms used for the biomarker measurement, as well as statistical analysis methods, have hampered progress. To date, there are very few findings that have been independently replicated across more than one study, indicating a preponderance of false-positive findings and the field has likely been plagued by positive publication bias. Here, we highlight and discuss several of the limitations of existing studies and provide recommendations for how these could be overcome in future research. A robust framework should be followed to enable development of the most valid and reproducible biomarkers with the strongest clinical utility. Defining a series of biomarkers that may be complimentary to each other could permit a stronger multifactorial biomarker to be developed that would allow for not only accurate dementia diagnosis but preclinical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Fransquet
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , Australia
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30
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Yang Q, Wu F, Wang F, Cai K, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Zhao X, Gui Y, Li Q. Impact of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine on cardiac development of zebrafish in vivo and cardiomyocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and the homeostasis of gene expression in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17459-17471. [PMID: 31271227 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac development is a peculiar process involving coordinated cellular differentiation, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. DNA methylation plays a key role in genomic stability, tissue-specific gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Hypomethylation in the global genome has been reported in cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the impact and specific mechanism of global hypomethylation on cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we explored the impact of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors 5-azacytidine on cardiac development. In vivo experiment showed that hypomethylation of zebrafish embryos with 5-azacytidine exposure significantly reduced survival, induced malformations, and delayed general development process. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos injected with 5-azacytidine developed pericardial edema, ventricular volume reduction, looping deformity, and reduction in heart rate and ventricular shortening fraction. Cardiomyocytes treated with 5-azacytidine in vitro decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, 5-azacytidine treatment in cardiomyocytes resulted in 20 downregulated genes expression and two upregulated genes expression in 45 candidate genes, which indicated that DNA methylation functions as a bidirectional modulator in regulating gene expression. In conclusion, these results show the regulative effects of the epigenetic modifier 5-azacytidine in cardiac development of zebrafish embryos in vivo and cardiomyocyte proliferation and apoptosis and the homeostasis of gene expression in vitro, which offer a novel understanding of aberrant DNA methylation in the etiology of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Cai
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanya Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghao Gui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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MEF-2 isoforms' (A-D) roles in development and tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2755-2787. [PMID: 31105874 PMCID: PMC6505634 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 plays a critical role in proliferation, differentiation, and development of various cell types in a tissue specific manner. Four isoforms of MEF-2 (A-D) differentially participate in controlling the cell fate during the developmental phases of cardiac, muscle, vascular, immune and skeletal systems. Through their associations with various cellular factors MEF-2 isoforms can trigger alterations in complex protein networks and modulate various stages of cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. The role of the MEF-2 family of transcription factors in the development has been investigated in various cell types, and the evolving alterations in this family of transcription factors have resulted in a diverse and wide spectrum of disease phenotypes, ranging from cancer to infection. This review provides a comprehensive account on MEF-2 isoforms (A-D) from their respective localization, signaling, role in development and tumorigenesis as well as their association with histone deacetylases (HDACs), which can be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
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32
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Porter T, Burnham SC, Savage G, Lim YY, Maruff P, Milicic L, Peretti M, Ames D, Masters CL, Martins RN, Rainey-Smith S, Rowe CC, Salvado O, Taddei K, Groth D, Verdile G, Villemagne VL, Laws SM. A Polygenic Risk Score Derived From Episodic Memory Weighted Genetic Variants Is Associated With Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:423. [PMID: 30620773 PMCID: PMC6305908 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of Alzheimer’s disease risk-weighted polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for cognitive performance have reported inconsistent associations. This inconsistency is particularly evident when PRSs are assessed independent of APOE genotype. As such, the development and assessment of phenotype-specific weightings to derive PRSs for cognitive decline in preclinical AD is warranted. To this end a episodic memory-weighted PRS (emPRS) was derived and assessed against decline in cognitive performance in 226 healthy cognitively normal older adults with high brain Aβ-amyloid burden participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. The effect size for decline in a verbal episodic memory was determined individually for 27 genetic variants in a reference sample (n = 151). These were then summed to generate a emPRS either including APOE (emPRSc¯APOE) or excluding APOE (emPRSs¯APOE). Resultant emPRS were then evaluated, in a test sample (n = 75), against decline in global cognition, verbal episodic memory and a pre-Alzheimer’s cognitive composite (AIBL-PACC) over 7.5 years. The mean (SD) age of the 226 participants was 72.2 (6.6) years and 116 (51.3%) were female. Reference and test samples did not differ significantly demographically. Whilst no association of emPRSs were observed with baseline cognition, the emPRSc¯APOE was associated with longitudinal global cognition (-0.237, P = 0.0002), verbal episodic memory (-0.259, P = 0.00003) and the AIBL-PACC (-0.381, P = 0.02). The emPRSs¯APOE was also associated with global cognition (-0.169, P = 0.021) and verbal episodic memory (-0.208, P = 0.004). Stratification by APOE ε4 revealed that the association between the emPRS and verbal episodic memory was limited to carriage of no ε4 or one ε4 allele. This was also observed for global cognition. The emPRS and rates of decline in AIBL-PACC were associated in those carrying one ε4 allele. Overall, the described novel emPRS has utility for the prediction of decline in cognition in preclinical AD. This study provides evidence to support the further use and evaluation of phenotype weightings in PRS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha C Burnham
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,CogState Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Peretti
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent's Health, The University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia.,National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - David Groth
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Yoshino Y, Funahashi Y, Nakata S, Ozaki Y, Yamazaki K, Yoshida T, Mori T, Mori Y, Ochi S, Iga JI, Ueno SI. Ghrelin cascade changes in the peripheral blood of Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 107:79-85. [PMID: 30366284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect of ghrelin has recently been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ghrelin is converted from des-acyl ghrelin to the activated form, acyl ghrelin, by membrane bound o-acyltransferase 4 (MBOAT4), and then binds to growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). We examined the levels of plasma acyl/des-acyl ghrelin in 75 AD subjects and age- and sex-matched controls, as well as the DNA methylation and mRNA expression of MBOAT4 and GHS-R in peripheral leukocytes. The acyl ghrelin concentration was significantly higher in AD subjects than in controls (2.18 ± 1.25 vs. 1.49 ± 2.3, p = 0.001). The methylation rate of MBOAT4 CpG 2 was significantly lower in AD subjects than in controls (4.0 ± 0.9 vs. 4.7 ± 1.2, p < 0.001). The mRNA expression levels of MBOAT4 and GHS-R1b were significantly higher in AD subjects than in controls (MBOAT4: 1.10 ± 0.48 vs. 1.0 ± 0.55, p = 0.049; GHS-R1b: 1.76 ± 3.18 vs. 1.0 ± 1.56, p = 0.030). These changes in the ghrelin cascade in peripheral blood may reflect those in the brain, and may be a neuroprotective biomarker in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yu Funahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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34
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Hashimoto R. Blood biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:139. [PMID: 29512285 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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