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The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on women's perinatal mental health: a systematic review. Women Birth 2023; 36:47-55. [PMID: 35798661 PMCID: PMC9212959 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for poor maternal perinatal mental health include a previous mental health diagnosis, reduced access to perinatal services, economic concerns and decreased levels of social support. Adverse maternal perinatal mental health can negatively influence the psychological wellbeing of infants. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic presented an additional stressor. While literature on the impact of COVID-19 on perinatal mental health exists, no systematic review has focused specifically on maternal perinatal mental health during periods of COVID-19 lockdown. AIMS This systematic review explores how periods of COVID-19 lockdown impacted women's perinatal mental health. METHODS Searches of CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were conducted for literature from 1st January 2020-25th May 2021. Quantitative, peer-reviewed, cross-sectional studies published in English with perinatal women as participants, and data collected during a period of lockdown, were included. Data was assessed for quality and narratively synthesized. FINDINGS Sixteen articles from nine countries met the inclusion criteria. COVID-19 lockdowns negatively impacted perinatal mental health. Risk factors for negative perinatal mental health noted in previous literature were confirmed. In addition, resilience, educational attainment, trimester, and ethnicity were identified as other variables which may influence mental health during perinatal periods experienced during lockdown. Understanding nuance in experience and harnessing intra and interpersonal support could advance options for intervention. CONCLUSION Developing resources for perinatal women that integrate informal sources of support may aid them when normal routine is challenged, and may mediate potential long-term impacts of poor perinatal maternal health on infants.
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Delanerolle G, McCauley M, Hirsch M, Zeng Y, Cong X, Cavalini H, Sajid S, Shetty A, Rathod S, Shi JQ, Hapangama DK, Phiri P. The prevalence of mental ill-health in women during pregnancy and after childbirth during the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:76. [PMID: 36709255 PMCID: PMC9883834 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aims to explore the prevalence of the impact of the COVID-19, MERS, and SARS pandemics on the mental health of pregnant women. METHODS All COVID-19, SARS and MERS studies that evaluated the mental health of pregnant women with/without gynaecological conditions that were reported in English between December 2000 - July 2021 were included. The search criteria were developed based upon the research question using PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid PsycINFO and EMBASE databases. A wide search criterion was used to ensure the inclusion of all pregnant women with existing gynaecological conditions. The Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale was used to assess the risk of bias for all included studies. Random effects model with restricted maximum-likelihood estimation method was applied for the meta-analysis and I-square statistic was used to evaluate heterogeneity across studies. The pooled prevalence rates of symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, stress, and sleep disorders with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed. RESULTS This systematic review identified 217 studies which included 638,889 pregnant women or women who had just given birth. There were no studies reporting the mental health impact due to MERS and SARS. Results showed that women who were pregnant or had just given birth displayed various symptoms of poor mental health including those relating to depression (24.9%), anxiety (32.8%), stress (29.44%), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (27.93%), and sleep disorders (24.38%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCUSSION It is important to note that studies included in this review used a range of outcome measures which does not allow for direct comparisons between findings. Most studies reported self-reported measure of symptoms without clinical diagnoses so conclusions can be made for symptom prevalence rather than of mental illness. The importance of managing mental health during pregnancy and after-delivery improves the quality of life and wellbeing of mothers hence developing an evidence-based approached as part of pandemic preparedness would improve mental health during challenging times. OTHER The work presented in this manuscript was not funded by any specific grants. A study protocol was developed and published in PROSPERO (CRD42021235356) to explore several key objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Delanerolle
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, Uuniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Mary McCauley
- Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin Hirsch
- University College London, London, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Yutian Zeng
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Cong
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heitor Cavalini
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Sana Sajid
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Ashish Shetty
- University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shanaya Rathod
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Jian Qing Shi
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- National Center for Applied Mathematics, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Peter Phiri
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Relationships between Depression, Fear of Childbirth, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms among Pregnant Women under the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030361. [PMID: 36766936 PMCID: PMC9914326 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the causality of antenatal depression (AND). We focused on the causal relationships between AND, fear of childbirth (FOC), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. We also examined whether the perceived threat of COVID-19 is associated with AND. Participants were recruited for an Internet survey conducted in December 2020. A total of 245 pregnant women completed the online survey at 12 to 15 weeks' gestational age (Time 1) and approximately 10 weeks later (Time 2). AND was estimated using the first two diagnostic items of Major Depressive Episode. The estimated prevalence of AND was 4.5% and 2.9% at Time 1 and Time 2, respectively. At both time points, no association was found between AND and the perception of COVID-19 threat. Structural equation modeling showed that AND predicted OCS (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), which, in turn, predicted FOC (β = 0.09, p = 0.042); FOC, in turn, predicted AND (β = 0.23, p < 0.001). AND, OCS, and FOC were predicted by borderline personality traits. Insecure adult attachment influenced AND and FOC via the perceived negative impact of the current pregnancy. Perinatal care providers should assess the personality and perception of pregnancy to prevent depression and pay attention to symptoms such as FOC and OCS in addition to those of depression.
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Nguyen B, Ivanov M, Bhat V, Krishnan S. Digital phenotyping for classification of anxiety severity during COVID-19. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:877762. [PMID: 36310921 PMCID: PMC9612961 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.877762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has led to an increase in anxiety among Canadians. Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS) is a dataset created by Statistics Canada to monitor the effects of COVID-19 among Canadians. Survey data were collected to evaluate health and health-related behaviours. This work evaluates CPSS2 and CPSS4, which were collected in May and July of 2020, respectively. The survey data consist of up to 102 questions. This work proposes the use of the survey data characteristics to identify the level of anxiety within the Canadian population during the first- and second-phases of COVID-19 and is validated by using the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 questionnaire. Minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) is applied to select the top features to represent user anxiety, and support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the separation of anxiety severity. We employ SVM for binary classification with 10-fold cross validation to separate the labels of Minimal and Severe anxiety to achieve an overall accuracy of 94.77 ± 0.13 % and 97.35 ± 0.11 % for CPSS2 and CPSS4, respectively. After analysis, we compared the results of the first and second phases of COVID-19 and determined a subset of the features that could be represented as pseudo passive (PP) data. The accurate classification provides a proxy on the potential onsets of anxiety to provide tailored interventions. Future works can augment the proposed PP data for carrying out a more detailed digital phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Nguyen
- Signal Analysis Research (SAR) Group, Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Ivanov
- Signal Analysis Research (SAR) Group, Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Signal Analysis Research (SAR) Group, Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Krishnan
- Signal Analysis Research (SAR) Group, Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kokkinaki T, Hatzidaki E. COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Restrictions: Factors That May Affect Perinatal Maternal Mental Health and Implications for Infant Development. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:846627. [PMID: 35633965 PMCID: PMC9133722 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.846627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to discuss the factors that may affect maternal mental health and infant development in COVID-19 pandemic condition. Toward this direction, the two objectives of this review are the following: (a) to discuss possible factors that may have affected negatively perinatal mental health through the pandemic-related restrictions; and (b) to present the implications of adversely affected maternal emotional wellbeing on infant development. We conclude that the pandemic may has affected maternal mental health with possible detrimental effects for the infants of the COVID-19 generation. We highlight the need for evidence-based interventions to be integrated within the health system for prenatal and postpartum care in an effort to promote maternal mental health and infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theano Kokkinaki
- Child Development and Education Unit, Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), School of Medicine, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
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Eleftheriades M, Vousoura E, Eleftheriades A, Pervanidou P, Zervas IM, Chrousos G, Vlahos NF, Sotiriadis A. Physical Health, Media Use, Stress, and Mental Health in Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051125. [PMID: 35626281 PMCID: PMC9140022 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in the care of pregnant women and their fetuses. Emerging data show elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant women. Aims: The purpose of this article is to investigate the psychological and behavioral impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women in Greece during the first national lockdown. Methods: We used a cross-sectional, anonymous survey to collect data in two fetal medicine clinics in the largest urban centers of Greece during the months of April and May 2020. The questionnaire was largely based on the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS), and assessed sociodemographic characteristics, general health and obstetric data and COVID-19-related worries and life changes. Mood symptoms, substance use and lifestyle behaviors were assessed at two time points (3 months prior to the pandemic and the 2 weeks before taking the survey), while perceived stress was measured with the perceived stress scale (PSS-14). Results: A total of 308 pregnant women (Mage = 34.72), with a mean gestation of 21.19 weeks participated in the study. Over one-third of the women found COVID-19 restrictions stressful, and their highest COVID-19-related worry was having to be isolated from their baby. Mean PSS-14 score was 21.94, suggesting moderate stress. The strongest predictors of stress were physical and mental health status before COVID-19 and having experienced a stressful life event during their pregnancy. Compared to 3 months before the pandemic, women reported higher scores on mood symptoms (p < 0.001), TV use (p = 0.01) and social media use (p = 0.031) in the last 2 weeks before taking the survey. Conclusion: Our study provides important preliminary evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown on pregnant women’s well-being and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makarios Eleftheriades
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eleni Vousoura
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aiginiteion” Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anna Eleftheriades
- Postgraduate Programme in Fetal Maternal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Iannis M. Zervas
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aiginiteion” Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Chrousos
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Nikolaos F. Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Sotiriadis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Ippokrateion” Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Prediction of generalized anxiety levels during the Covid-19 pandemic: A machine learning-based modeling approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022; 28:100854. [PMID: 35071730 PMCID: PMC8766246 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of the Covid-19 outbreak led many countries to enforce precautionary measures such as complete lockdowns. These lifestyle-altering measures caused a significant increase in anxiety levels globally. For that reason, decision-makers are in dire need of methods to prevent potential public mental crises. Machine learning has shown its effectiveness in the early prediction of several diseases. Therefore, this study aims to classify two-class and three-class anxiety problems early by utilizing a dataset collected during the Covid-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The data was collected from 3017 participants from all regions of the Kingdom via an online survey containing questions to identify factors influencing anxiety levels, followed by questions from the GAD-7, a screening tool for Generalized Anxiety Disorders. The prediction models were built using the Support Vector Machine classifier for its robust outcomes in medical-related data and the J48 Decision Tree for its interpretability and comprehensibility. Experimental results demonstrated promising results for the early classification of two-class and three-class anxiety problems. As for comparing Support Vector Machine and J48, the Support Vector Machine classifier outperformed the J48 Decision Tree by attaining a classification accuracy of 100%, precision of 1.0, recall of 1.0, and f-measure of 1.0 using 10 features.
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Alygizakis N, Galani A, Rousis NI, Aalizadeh R, Dimopoulos MA, Thomaidis NS. Change in the chemical content of untreated wastewater of Athens, Greece under COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149230. [PMID: 34364275 PMCID: PMC8321698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly worldwide with unanticipated effects on mental health, lifestyle, stability of economies and societies. Although many research groups have already reported SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in untreated wastewater, only few studies evaluated the implications of the pandemic on the use of chemicals by influent wastewater analysis. Wide-scope target and suspect screening were used to monitor the effects of the pandemic on the Greek population through wastewater-based epidemiology. Composite 24 h influent wastewater samples were collected from the wastewater treatment plant of Athens during the first lockdown and analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. A wide range of compounds was investigated (11,286), including antipsychotic drugs, illicit drugs, tobacco compounds, food additives, pesticides, biocides, surfactants and industrial chemicals. Mass loads of chemical markers were estimated and compared with the data obtained under non-COVID-19 conditions (campaign 2019). The findings revealed increases in surfactants (+196%), biocides (+152%), cationic quaternary ammonium surfactants (used as surfactants and biocides) (+331%), whereas the most important decreases were estimated for tobacco (-33%) and industrial chemicals (-52%). The introduction of social-restriction measures by the government affected all aspects of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikiforos Alygizakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Galani
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Rousis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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Tsakiridis I, Dagklis T, Mamopoulos A, Athanasiadis A, Pearson R, Papazisis G. Antenatal depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in pregnant women from routine health care contact in Greece. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:656-663. [PMID: 33725757 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures introduced to control it, on mental health, is largely unknown. Research conducted during past epidemics found that pregnant women are more vulnerable psychologically. The aim of this study was to investigate antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms during this pandemic in Greece. METHODS All women receiving routine antenatal care, during a three-month period, starting one week after the total lockdown in Greece, in a University department, were asked to fill in two questionnaires, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS Overall, 505 women (93.3% of the eligible population) agreed to participate. The prevalence of antenatal depression (EPDS score≥13) in the population of the study was 13.5%. Unplanned pregnancy (OR: 2.447; 95% CI: 1.235-4.846), smoking (OR: 2.268; 95% CI: 1.166-4.411) and antenatal anxiety (OR: 5.074; 95% CI: 2.898-8.883) increased the risk of antenatal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. State (current)-anxiety affected 34.1% of the participants, whereas Trait (lifetime)-anxiety affected 15.8%. The State-anxiety score (median) was significantly higher than the Trait-anxiety (median) (41 vs. 36; p<0.001), revealing an increase in the levels of anxiety in the pandemic, while there was also a positive linear correlation between the two scales (rho=0.592; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The unprecedented situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased anxiety, but not depression levels of pregnant women in Greece. Population level interventions to address adverse effects on anxiety status in the initial phases of similar situations may be helpful in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsakiridis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Dagklis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Mamopoulos
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Athanasiadis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rebecca Pearson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Georgios Papazisis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Iyengar U, Jaiprakash B, Haitsuka H, Kim S. One Year Into the Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Mental Health Outcomes During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:674194. [PMID: 34248710 PMCID: PMC8264436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstetric guidelines have rapidly evolved to incorporate new data and research on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with data on perinatal mental health building over the last year. Our aim in the present manuscript is to provide a systematic review of mental health outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of neonatal and obstetric guidelines addressing symptoms and complications of COVID-19 during pregnancy, mother-to-neonate transmission, Cesarean-section delivery, neonatal prematurity, maternal/neonate mortalities, maternal-neonatal separation, and breastfeeding. We summarize data from 81 mental health studies of pregnant and postpartum women and underscore protective and risk factors identified for perinatal mental health outcomes amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Data reviewed here suggest increased psychological symptoms, especially depressive and anxiety symptoms, in pregnant and postpartum women during COVID-19. Our systematic review integrates the most current obstetric and neonate guidelines, along with perinatal mental health outcomes associated with COVID-19, highlighting the best available data for the care of women and their neonates amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Iyengar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavisha Jaiprakash
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanako Haitsuka
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sohye Kim
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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11
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Shorey SY, Ng ED, Chee CYI. Anxiety and depressive symptoms of women in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Public Health 2021; 49:730-740. [PMID: 33966511 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211011793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The prevalence of perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms have been speculated to increase during an infectious disease outbreak but remains unknown in the context of the COVID-19 situation. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms among pregnant women and postpartum mothers during the COVID-19 period. METHODS Six electronic databases were systematically searched for articles from November 2019 to December 2020. Twenty-six observational studies and brief reports were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of anxiety was greater than depression in both antenatal and postnatal periods, and the prevalence of depression was higher in the antenatal period than the postnatal period. The pooled prevalence for antenatal anxiety symptoms, antenatal depressive symptoms and postnatal depressive symptoms were 40% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.27-0.52), 27% (95% CI: 0.20-0.33) and 17% (95% CI: 0.10-0.24), respectively. Europe (56%, 95% CI: 0.28-0.85) had significantly higher prevalence of antenatal anxiety than Asia (16%, 95% CI: 0.09-0.23). CONCLUSIONS The heightened prevalence of perinatal psychological disorders served as an impetus for healthcare professionals and policy makers to ramp up their support and mitigation strategies for pregnant women and mothers in times of health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefal Y Shorey
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esperanza D Ng
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cornelia Y I Chee
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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