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Vera-Vives AM, Novel P, Zheng K, Tan SL, Schwarzländer M, Alboresi A, Morosinotto T. Mitochondrial respiration is essential for photosynthesis-dependent ATP supply of the plant cytosol. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2175-2186. [PMID: 39073122 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Plants rely on solar energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH for photosynthetic carbon fixation and all cellular need. Mitochondrial respiration is essential in plants, but this may be due to heterotrophic bottlenecks during plant development or because it is also necessary in photosynthetically active cells. In this study, we examined in vivo changes of cytosolic ATP concentration in response to light, employing a biosensing strategy in the moss Physcomitrium patens and revealing increased cytosolic ATP concentration caused by photosynthetic activity. Plants depleted of respiratory Complex I showed decreased cytosolic ATP accumulation, highlighting a critical role of mitochondrial respiration in light-dependent ATP supply of the cytosol. Consistently, targeting mitochondrial ATP production directly, through the construction of mutants deficient in mitochondrial ATPase (complex V), led to drastic growth reduction, despite only minor alterations in photosynthetic electron transport activity. Since P. patens is photoautotrophic throughout its development, we conclude that heterotrophic bottlenecks cannot account for the indispensable role of mitochondrial respiration in plants. Instead, our results support that mitochondrial respiration is essential for ATP provision to the cytosol in photosynthesizing cells. Mitochondrial respiration provides metabolic integration, ensuring supply of cytosolic ATP essential for supporting plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni M Vera-Vives
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Piero Novel
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Ke Zheng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - Shun-Ling Tan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - Alessandro Alboresi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
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2
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Ilek A, Gąsecka M, Magdziak Z, Saitanis C, Siegert CM. Seasonality Affects Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids and Phenolic Compounds' Composition in Scots Pine Litterfall. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1293. [PMID: 38794363 PMCID: PMC11125096 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Secondary plant metabolites, including organic acids and phenolic compounds, have a significant impact on the properties of organic matter in soil, influencing its structure and function. How the production of these compounds in foliage that falls to the forest floor as litterfall varies across tree age and seasonality are of considerable interest for advancing our understanding of organic matter dynamics. METHODS Monthly, we collected fallen needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) across stands of five different age classes (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 years) for one year and measured the organic acids and phenolic compounds. RESULTS Seven low-molecular-weight organic acids and thirteen phenolic compounds were detected in the litterfall. No differences were observed across stand age. Significant seasonal differences were detected. Most compounds peaked during litterfall in the growing season. Succinic acid was the most prevalent organic acid in the litterfall, comprising 78% of total organic acids (351.27 ± 34.27 µg g- 1), and was 1.5 to 11.0 times greater in the summer than all other seasons. Sinapic acid was the most prevalent phenolic compound in the litterfall (42.15 µg g- 1), representing 11% of the total phenolic compounds, and was 39.8 times greater in spring and summer compared to autumn and winter. Growing season peaks in needle concentrations were observed for all thirteen phenolic compounds and two organic acids (lactic, succinic). Citric acid exhibited a definitive peak in late winter into early spring. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the seasonal dynamics of the composition of secondary plant metabolites in litterfall, which is most different at the onset of the growing season. Fresh inputs of litterfall at this time of emerging biological activity likely have seasonal impacts on soil's organic matter composition as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ilek
- Department of Botany and Forest Habitats, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71F, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Gąsecka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zuzanna Magdziak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (Z.M.)
| | - Costas Saitanis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Courtney M. Siegert
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, 775 Stone Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
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3
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Bruhn D, Noguchi K, Griffin KL, Tjoelker MG. Differential nighttime decreases in leaf respiratory CO 2 -efflux and O 2 -uptake. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1387-1392. [PMID: 38152850 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Division of Biology & Paleoenvironment, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Ghiasi S, Lehmann MM, Badeck FW, Ghashghaie J, Hänsch R, Meinen R, Streb S, Hüdig M, Ruckle ME, Carrera DÁ, Siegwolf RTW, Buchmann N, Werner RA. Nitrate and ammonium differ in their impact on δ 13C of plant metabolites and respired CO 2 from tobacco leaves. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:11-34. [PMID: 32885670 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1810683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of foliage is often used as proxy for plant performance. However, the effect of N O 3 - vs. N H 4 + supply on δ13C of leaf metabolites and respired CO2 is largely unknown. We supplied tobacco plants with a gradient of N O 3 - to N H 4 + concentration ratios and determined gas exchange variables, concentrations and δ13C of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, δ13C of dark-respired CO2, and activities of key enzymes nitrate reductase, malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Net assimilation rate, dry biomass and concentrations of organic acids and starch decreased along the gradient. In contrast, respiration rates, concentrations of intercellular CO2, soluble sugars and amino acids increased. As N O 3 - decreased, activities of all measured enzymes decreased. δ13C of CO2 and organic acids closely co-varied and were more positive under N O 3 - supply, suggesting organic acids as potential substrates for respiration. Together with estimates of intra-molecular 13C enrichment in malate, we conclude that a change in the anaplerotic reaction of the TCA cycle possibly contributes to 13C enrichment in organic acids and respired CO2 under N O 3 - supply. Thus, the effect of N O 3 - vs. N H 4 + on δ13C is highly relevant, particularly if δ13C of leaf metabolites or respiration is used as proxy for plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ghiasi
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Franz-W Badeck
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Fiorenzuola d´Arda, Italy
| | - Jaleh Ghashghaie
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systématique Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rieke Meinen
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Meike Hüdig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael E Ruckle
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dániel Á Carrera
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf T W Siegwolf
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schiestl‐Aalto P, Stangl ZR, Tarvainen L, Wallin G, Marshall J, Mäkelä A. Linking canopy-scale mesophyll conductance and phloem sugar δ 13 C using empirical and modelling approaches. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3141-3155. [PMID: 33222199 PMCID: PMC7986199 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting phloem carbohydrate or xylem tissue carbon isotopic composition as measures of water-use efficiency or past tree productivity requires in-depth knowledge of the factors altering the isotopic composition within the pathway from ambient air to phloem contents and tree ring. One of least understood of these factors is mesophyll conductance (gm ). We formulated a dynamic model describing the leaf photosynthetic pathway including seven alternative gm descriptions and a simple transport of sugars from foliage down the trunk. We parameterised the model for a boreal Scots pine stand and compared simulated gm responses with weather variations. We further compared the simulated δ13 C of new photosynthates among the different gm descriptions and against measured phloem sugar δ13 C. Simulated gm estimates of the seven descriptions varied according to weather conditions, resulting in varying estimates of phloem δ13 C during cold/moist and warm/dry periods. The model succeeded in predicting a drought response and a postdrought release in phloem sugar δ13 C indicating suitability of the model for inverse prediction of leaf processes from phloem isotopic composition. We suggest short-interval phloem sampling during and after extreme weather conditions to distinguish between mesophyll conductance drivers for future model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Schiestl‐Aalto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesHelsinki00014Finland
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSLUUmeå901 83Sweden
| | | | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg405 30Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg405 30Sweden
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSLUUmeå901 83Sweden
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesHelsinki00014Finland
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSLUUmeå901 83Sweden
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Gavira JA, Matilla MA, Fernández M, Krell T. The structural basis for signal promiscuity in a bacterial chemoreceptor. FEBS J 2020; 288:2294-2310. [PMID: 33021055 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signalling through chemosensory pathways is typically initiated by the binding of signal molecules to the chemoreceptor ligand binding domain (LBD). The PcaY_PP chemoreceptor from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is characterized by an unusually broad signal range, and minimal requisites for signal binding are the presence of a C6-membered ring and that of a carboxyl group. Previous studies have shown that only some of the multiple signals recognized by this chemoreceptor are of apparent metabolic value. We report here high-resolution structures of PcaY_PP-LBD in the absence and presence of four cognate chemoeffectors and glycerol. The domain formed a four-helix bundle (4HB), and both ligand binding sites of the dimer were occupied with the high-affinity ligands protocatechuate and quinate, whereas the lower-affinity ligands benzoate and salicylate were present in only one site. Ligand binding was verified by microcalorimetric titration of site-directed mutants revealing important roles of an arginine and number of polar residues that establish an extensive hydrogen bonding network with bound ligands. The comparison of the apo and holo structures did not provide evidence for this receptor employing a transmembrane signalling mechanism that involves piston-like shifts of the final helix. Instead, ligand binding caused rigid-body scissoring movements of both monomers of the dimer. Comparisons with the 4HB domains of the Tar and Tsr chemoreceptors revealed significant structural differences. Importantly, the ligand binding site in PcaY_PP-LBD is approximately 8 Å removed from that of the Tar and Tsr receptors. Data indicate a significant amount of structural and functional diversity among 4HB domains. DATABASES: The coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the protein data band with the following IDs: 6S1A (apo form), 6S18 (bound glycerol), 6S33 (bound protocatechuate), 6S38 (bound quinate), 6S3B (bound benzoate) and 6S37 (bound salicylate).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Matilla
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Matilde Fernández
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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7
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Matilla MA, Martín-Mora D, Krell T. The use of isothermal titration calorimetry to unravel chemotactic signalling mechanisms. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3005-3019. [PMID: 32329116 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is based on the action of chemosensory pathways and is typically initiated by the recognition of chemoeffectors at chemoreceptor ligand-binding domains (LBD). Chemosensory signalling is highly complex; aspect that is not only reflected in the intricate interaction between many signalling proteins but also in the fact that bacteria frequently possess multiple chemosensory pathways and often a large number of chemoreceptors, which are mostly of unknown function. We review here the usefulness of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to study this complexity. ITC is the gold standard for studying binding processes due to its precision and sensitivity, as well as its capability to determine simultaneously the association equilibrium constant, enthalpy change and stoichiometry of binding. There is now evidence that members of all major LBD families can be produced as individual recombinant proteins that maintain their ligand-binding properties. High-throughput screening of these proteins using thermal shift assays offer interesting initial information on chemoreceptor ligands, providing the basis for microcalorimetric analyses and microbiological experimentation. ITC has permitted the identification and characterization of many chemoreceptors with novel specificities. This ITC-based approach can also be used to identify signal molecules that stimulate members of other families of sensor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Matilla
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - David Martín-Mora
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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8
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Giuliani R, Karki S, Covshoff S, Lin HC, Coe RA, Koteyeva NK, Evans MA, Quick WP, von Caemmerer S, Furbank RT, Hibberd JM, Edwards GE, Cousins AB. Transgenic maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase alters leaf-atmosphere CO 2 and 13CO 2 exchanges in Oryza sativa. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:153-167. [PMID: 31325077 PMCID: PMC6848035 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The engineering process of C4 photosynthesis into C3 plants requires an increased activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the cytosol of leaf mesophyll cells. The literature varies on the physiological effect of transgenic maize (Zea mays) PEPC (ZmPEPC) leaf expression in Oryza sativa (rice). Therefore, to address this issue, leaf-atmosphere CO2 and 13CO2 exchanges were measured, both in the light (at atmospheric O2 partial pressure of 1.84 kPa and at different CO2 levels) and in the dark, in transgenic rice expressing ZmPEPC and wild-type (WT) plants. The in vitro PEPC activity was 25 times higher in the PEPC overexpressing (PEPC-OE) plants (~20% of maize) compared to the negligible activity in WT. In the PEPC-OE plants, the estimated fraction of carboxylation by PEPC (β) was ~6% and leaf net biochemical discrimination against 13CO2[Formula: see text] was ~ 2‰ lower than in WT. However, there were no differences in leaf net CO2 assimilation rates (A) between genotypes, while the leaf dark respiration rates (Rd) over three hours after light-dark transition were enhanced (~ 30%) and with a higher 13C composition [Formula: see text] in the PEPC-OE plants compared to WT. These data indicate that ZmPEPC in the PEPC-OE rice plants contributes to leaf carbon metabolism in both the light and in the dark. However, there are some factors, potentially posttranslational regulation and PEP availability, which reduce ZmPEPC activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Giuliani
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Shanta Karki
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Sarah Covshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lin
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Robert A Coe
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Nuria K Koteyeva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Street 2, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376
| | - Marc A Evans
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-3113, USA
| | - W Paul Quick
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Gerald E Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA.
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9
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Bögelein R, Lehmann MM, Thomas FM. Differences in carbon isotope leaf-to-phloem fractionation and mixing patterns along a vertical gradient in mature European beech and Douglas fir. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1803-1815. [PMID: 30740705 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
While photosynthetic isotope discrimination is well understood, the postphotosynthetic and transport-related fractionation mechanisms that influence phloem and subsequently tree ring δ13 C are less investigated and may vary among species. We studied the seasonal and diel courses of leaf-to-phloem δ13 C differences of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) in vertical crown gradients and followed the assimilate transport via the branches to the trunk phloem at breast height in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). δ13 C of individual sugars and cyclitols from a subsample was determined by compound-specific isotope analysis. In beech, leaf-to-phloem δ13 C differences in WSOM increased with height and were partly caused by biochemical isotope fractionation between leaf compounds. 13 C-Enrichment of phloem sugars relative to leaf sucrose implies an additional isotope fractionation mechanism related to leaf assimilate export. In Douglas fir, leaf-to-phloem δ13 C differences were much smaller and isotopically invariant pinitol strongly influenced leaf and phloem WSOM. Trunk phloem WSOM at breast height reflected canopy-integrated δ13 C in beech but not in Douglas fir. Our results demonstrate that leaf-to-phloem isotope fractionation and δ13 C mixing patterns along vertical gradients can differ between tree species. These effects have to be considered for functional interpretations of trunk phloem and tree ring δ13 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Bögelein
- Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences - Geobotany, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, Trier, 54296, Germany
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute WSL Birmensdorf, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Frank M Thomas
- Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences - Geobotany, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, Trier, 54296, Germany
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10
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Churakova Sidorova OV, Lehmann MM, Siegwolf RTW, Saurer M, Fonti MV, Schmid L, Timofeeva G, Rinne-Garmston KT, Bigler C. Compound-specific carbon isotope patterns in needles of conifer tree species from the Swiss National Park under recent climate change. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:264-272. [PMID: 30925436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 along with rising temperature and water deficits can lead to changes in tree physiology and leaf biochemistry. These changes can increase heat- and drought-induced tree mortality. We aim to reveal the impacts of climatic drivers on individual compounds at the leaf level among European larch (Larix decidua) and mountain pine (Pinus mugo) trees, which are widely distributed at high elevations. We investigated seasonal carbon isotope composition (δ13C) and concentration patterns of carbohydrates and organic acids in needles of these two different species from a case study in the Swiss National Park (SNP). We found that average and minimum air temperatures were the main climatic drivers of seasonal variation of δ13C in sucrose and glucose as well as in concentrations of carbohydrates and citric acid/citrate in needles of both tree species. The impact of seasonal climatic drivers on larch and mountain pine trees at the needle level is in line with our earlier study in this region for long-term changes at the tree-ring level. We conclude that the species-specific changes in δ13C and concentrations of carbohydrates and organic acids are sensitive indicators of changes in the metabolic pathways occurring as a result of climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Churakova Sidorova
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Siberian Federal University, Institute of Ecology and Geography, Laboratory of Ecosystems Biogeochemistry, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Svobodniy pr 82/6, bld. 25, Russian Federation.
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf T W Siegwolf
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen - PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen - PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marina V Fonti
- Siberian Federal University, Institute of Ecology and Geography, Laboratory of Ecosystems Biogeochemistry, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Svobodniy pr 82/6, bld. 25, Russian Federation
| | - Lola Schmid
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen - PSI, Switzerland
| | - Galina Timofeeva
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen - PSI, Switzerland
| | - Katja T Rinne-Garmston
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christof Bigler
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Lehmann MM, Ghiasi S, George GM, Cormier MA, Gessler A, Saurer M, Werner RA. Influence of starch deficiency on photosynthetic and post-photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1829-1841. [PMID: 30785201 PMCID: PMC6436151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon isotope (13C) fractionations occurring during and after photosynthetic CO2 fixation shape the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plant material and respired CO2. However, responses of 13C fractionations to diel variation in starch metabolism in the leaf are not fully understood. Here we measured δ13C of organic matter (δ13COM), concentrations and δ13C of potential respiratory substrates, δ13C of dark-respired CO2 (δ13CR), and gas exchange in leaves of starch-deficient plastidial phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutants and wild-type plants of four species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Nicotiana sylvestris, and Pisum sativum). The strongest δ13C response to the pgm-induced starch deficiency was observed in N. sylvestris, with more negative δ13COM, δ13CR, and δ13C values for assimilates (i.e. sugars and starch) and organic acids (i.e. malate and citrate) in pgm mutants than in wild-type plants during a diel cycle. The genotype differences in δ13C values could be largely explained by differences in leaf gas exchange. In contrast, the PGM-knockout effect on post-photosynthetic 13C fractionations via the plastidic fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase reaction or during respiration was small. Taken together, our results show that the δ13C variations in starch-deficient mutants are primarily explained by photosynthetic 13C fractionations and that the combination of knockout mutants and isotope analyses allows additional insights into plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Shiva Ghiasi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gavin M George
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc-André Cormier
- GFZ – German Research Centre for Geosciences, Geomorphology, Organic Surface Geochemistry Lab, Telegrafenberg, Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences, Ocean Biogeochemistry Group, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Fasbender L, Yáñez-Serrano AM, Kreuzwieser J, Dubbert D, Werner C. Real-time carbon allocation into biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2) traced by PTR-TOF-MS, 13CO2 laser spectroscopy and 13C-pyruvate labelling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204398. [PMID: 30252899 PMCID: PMC6155514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions improved substantially during the last years. Nevertheless, there are still large uncertainties of processes controlling plant carbon investment into BVOCs, of some biosynthetic pathways and their linkage to CO2 decarboxylation at central metabolic branching points. To shed more light on carbon partitioning during BVOC biosynthesis, we used an innovative approach combining δ13CO2 laser spectroscopy, high-sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a multiple branch enclosure system in combination with position-specific 13C-metabolite labelling. Feeding experiments with position-specific 13C-labelled pyruvate, a central metabolite of BVOC synthesis, enabled online detection of carbon partitioning into 13C-BVOCs and respiratory 13CO2. Measurements of trace gas emissions of the Mediterranean shrub Halimium halimifolium revealed a broad range of emitted BVOCs. In general, [2-13C]-PYR was rapidly incorporated into emitted acetic acid, methyl acetate, toluene, cresol, trimethylbenzene, ethylphenol, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, indicating de novo BVOC biosynthesis of these compounds. In contrast, [1-13C]-pyruvate labelling substantially increased 13CO2 emissions in the light indicating C1-decarboxylation. Similar labelling patterns of methyl acetate and acetic acid suggested tightly connected biosynthetic pathways and, furthermore, there were hints of possible biosynthesis of benzenoids via the MEP-pathway. Overall, substantial CO2 emission from metabolic branching points during de novo BVOC biosynthesis indicated that decarboxylation of [1-13C]-pyruvate, as a non-mitochondrial source of CO2, seems to contribute considerably to daytime CO2 release from leaves. Our approach, combining synchronised BVOC and CO2 measurements in combination with position-specific labelling opens the door for real-time analysis tracing metabolic pathways and carbon turnover under different environmental conditions, which may enhance our understanding of regulatory mechanisms in plant carbon metabolism and BVOC biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Fasbender
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Igamberdiev AU, Bykova NV. Role of organic acids in the integration of cellular redox metabolism and mediation of redox signalling in photosynthetic tissues of higher plants. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:74-85. [PMID: 29355740 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids play a crucial role in numerous metabolic processes accompanied by transfer of electrons and protons and linked to the reduction/oxidation of major redox couples in plant cells, such as NAD, NADP, glutathione, and ascorbate. Fluxes through the pathways metabolizing organic acids modulate redox states in cell compartments, contribute to generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and mediate signal transduction processes. Organic acid metabolism not only functions to equilibrate the redox potential in plant cells but also to transfer redox equivalents between cell compartments supporting various metabolic processes. The most important role in this transfer belongs to different forms of malate dehydrogenase interconverting malate and oxaloacetate or forming pyruvate (malic enzymes). During photosynthesis malate serves as a major form of transfer of redox equivalents from chloroplasts to the cytosol and other compartments via the malate valve. On the other hand, mitochondria, via alterations of their redox potential, become a source of citrate that can be transported to the cytosol and support biosynthesis of amino acids. Citrate is also an important retrograde signalling compound that regulates transcription of several genes including those encoding the alternative oxidase. The alternative oxidase, which is activated by increased redox potential and by pyruvate, is, in turn, important for the maintenance of redox potential in mitochondria. The roles of organic acids in establishing redox equilibrium, supporting ionic gradients on membranes, acidification of the extracellular medium, and regulation of production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9.
| | - Natalia V Bykova
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada R6M 1Y5
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14
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Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids as Indicators of Tree Decline in Mountain Pine. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9060363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Fernández M, Matilla MA, Ortega Á, Krell T. Metabolic Value Chemoattractants Are Preferentially Recognized at Broad Ligand Range Chemoreceptor of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:990. [PMID: 28620365 PMCID: PMC5449446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a wide range of chemoreceptors with different ligand specificities. Typically, chemoreceptors bind ligands with elevated specificity and ligands serve as growth substrates. However, there is a chemoreceptor family that has a broad ligand specificity including many compounds that are not of metabolic value. To advance the understanding of this family, we have used the PcaY_PP (PP2643) chemoreceptor of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as a model. Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry we showed here that the recombinant ligand binding domain (LBD) of PcaY_PP recognizes 17 different C6-ring containing carboxylic acids with KD values between 3.7 and 138 μM and chemoeffector affinity correlated with the magnitude of the chemotactic response. Mutation of the pcaY_PP gene abolished chemotaxis to these compounds; phenotype that was restored following gene complementation. Growth experiments using PcaY_PP ligands as sole C-sources revealed functional relationships between their metabolic potential and affinity for the chemoreceptor. Thus, only 7 PcaY_PP ligands supported growth and their KD values correlated with the length of the bacterial lag phase. Furthermore, PcaY_PP ligands that did not support growth had significantly higher KD values than those that did. The receptor has thus binds preferentially compounds that serve as C-sources and amongst them those that rapidly promote growth. Tightest binding compounds were quinate, shikimate, 3-dehydroshikimate and protocatechuate, which are at the interception of the biosynthetic shikimate and catabolic quinate pathways. Analytical ultracentrifugation studies showed that ligand free PcaY_PP-LBD is present in a monomer-dimer equilibrium (KD = 57.5 μM). Ligand binding caused a complete shift to the dimeric state, which appears to be a general feature of four-helix bundle LBDs. This study indicates that the metabolic potential of compounds is an important parameter in the molecular recognition by broad ligand range chemoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Fernández
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Matilla
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,Granada, Spain
| | - Álvaro Ortega
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,Granada, Spain
| | - Tino Krell
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,Granada, Spain
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16
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Lehmann MM, Wegener F, Barthel M, Maurino VG, Siegwolf RTW, Buchmann N, Werner C, Werner RA. Metabolic Fate of the Carboxyl Groups of Malate and Pyruvate and their Influence on δ(13)C of Leaf-Respired CO2 during Light Enhanced Dark Respiration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:739. [PMID: 27375626 PMCID: PMC4891945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced CO2 release of illuminated leaves transferred into darkness, termed "light enhanced dark respiration (LEDR)", is often associated with an increase in the carbon isotope ratio of the respired CO2 (δ(13)CLEDR). The latter has been hypothesized to result from different respiratory substrates and decarboxylation reactions in various metabolic pathways, which are poorly understood so far. To provide a better insight into the underlying metabolic processes of δ(13)CLEDR, we fed position-specific (13)C-labeled malate and pyruvate via the xylem stream to leaves of species with high and low δ(13)CLEDR values (Halimium halimifolium and Oxalis triangularis, respectively). During respective label application, we determined label-derived leaf (13)CO2 respiration using laser spectroscopy and the (13)C allocation to metabolic fractions during light-dark transitions. Our results clearly show that both carboxyl groups (C-1 and C-4 position) of malate similarly influence respiration and metabolic fractions in both species, indicating possible isotope randomization of the carboxyl groups of malate by the fumarase reaction. While C-2 position of pyruvate was only weakly respired, the species-specific difference in natural δ(13)CLEDR patterns were best reflected by the (13)CO2 respiration patterns of the C-1 position of pyruvate. Furthermore, (13)C label from malate and pyruvate were mainly allocated to amino and organic acid fractions in both species and only little to sugar and lipid fractions. In summary, our results suggest that respiration of both carboxyl groups of malate (via fumarase) by tricarboxylic acid cycle reactions or by NAD-malic enzyme influences δ(13)CLEDR. The latter supplies the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, which in turn determines natural δ(13)CLEDR pattern by releasing the C-1 position of pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Lehmann
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen, Switzerland
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Matti Barthel
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Veronica G. Maurino
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rolf T. W. Siegwolf
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland A. Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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