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Brown CJ, Campbell MD, Collier CJ, Turschwell MP, Saunders MI, Connolly RM. Speeding up the recovery of coastal habitats through management interventions that address constraints on dispersal and recruitment. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20241065. [PMID: 39043234 PMCID: PMC11391320 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plans for habitat restoration will benefit from predictions of timescales for recovery. Theoretical models have been a powerful tool for informing practical guidelines in planning marine protected areas, suggesting restoration planning could also benefit from a theoretical framework. We developed a model that can predict recovery times following restoration action, under dispersal, recruitment and connectivity constraints. We apply the model to a case study of seagrass restoration and find recovery times following restoration action can vary greatly, from <1 to >20 years. The model also shows how recovery can be accelerated when restoration actions are matched to the constraints on recovery. For example, spreading of propagules can be used when connectivity is the critical restriction. The recovery constraints we articulated mathematically also apply to the restoration of coral reefs, mangroves, saltmarsh, shellfish reefs and macroalgal forests, so our model provides a general framework for choosing restoration actions that accelerate coastal habitat recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Max D Campbell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine J Collier
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Melo RS, Alexandrino ER, de Paula FR, Boscolo D, de Barros Ferraz SF. Promoting Bird Functional Diversity on Landscapes with a Matrix of Planted Eucalyptus spp. in the Atlantic Forest. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:395-407. [PMID: 37796334 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Promoting the diversity of biological communities in areas of agricultural production is a very current debate since protected areas may not be sufficient to ensure biodiversity conservation. Among the biological communities affected by the production areas are birds, which show rapid responses to changes in the landscape. Here we seek to understand how landscape planning, concerning its composition and configuration, in areas with a matrix of planted Eucalyptus spp. forests influences the functional diversity of bird assemblages in the Atlantic Forest. Our results show that the spatial distribution design of planted forests in terms of age, land cover and clone types have effects on bird diversity with regard to functional divergence, functional evenness and species richness. These results reinforce the importance of good management for the maintenance of bird diversity. We found that bird functional diversity in planted forest matrices increased with the proximity index, proportion of native vegetation and age importance value, and is negatively influenced by edge density and proportion of forest plantation. For bird conservation, it is thus better to associate Eucalyptus spp. with other cover types in the landscape. These results corroborate that, to increase bird functional diversity, it is possible to associate conservation and production in the same landscape. Mosaic landscapes have great potential to contribute to the conservation of bird biodiversity outside protected areas. However, decisions regarding the management of planted forests and planning of improved areas intended for conservation seem to be decisive to ensure the maintenance of bird biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Siqueira Melo
- Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Roberto Alexandrino
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Manejo e Conservação da Fauna Silvestre, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rossetti de Paula
- Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Boscolo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14.040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz
- Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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3
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Chen R, Carruthers-Jones J, Carver S, Wu J. Constructing urban ecological corridors to reflect local species diversity and conservation objectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167987. [PMID: 37875200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring bird diversity can secure key ecosystem services within cities. Building ecological corridors into urban planning is an effective way to protect urban birds, but existing corridor construction methods often ignore locality and diversity of species, leading to homogenization of corridor construction results and orientation. We proposed a corridor construction model that combines local bird surveys and bird threat levels. After constructing differentiated corridors for each bird species by assessing their habits and flight abilities, we used three weighted scenarios (original, weighted abundance, weighted abundance, and phylogeny) to assess the conservation priorities of birds and overlaid them to derive a comprehensive bird corridor model. Our results show significant differences in conservation priority and corridor pattern among different bird species, thus demonstrating the importance of local bird surveys and knowledge of threat levels in accurate corridor simulations. This study provides differential simulation of corridors for each bird species and the identification of important conservation species, and uses these to extend the theory of ecological corridor planning to urban bird populations. These results can be applied to guide biodiversity management, evaluate green space policies, and provide practical assistance for sustainable urban development and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Running Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | | | - Steve Carver
- Wildland Research Institute, School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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4
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Yemshanov D, Simpson M, Liu N, Petty A, Koch FH, Neilson E, Chand C, Duffy G, Hoyles V, Mallon C. Restoration of linear disturbances from oil-and-gas exploration in boreal landscapes: How can network models help? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119036. [PMID: 37857223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In western Canada, decades of oil-and-gas exploration have fragmented boreal landscapes with a dense network of linear forest disturbances (seismic lines). These seismic lines are implicated in the decline in wildlife populations that are adapted to function in unfragmented forest landscapes. In particular, anthropogenic disturbances have led to a decline of woodland caribou populations due to increasing predator access to core caribou habitat. Restoration of seismic lines aims to reduce the landscape fragmentation and stop the decline of caribou populations. However, planning restoration in complex landscapes can be challenging because it must account for a multitude of diverse aspects. To assist with restoration planning, we present a spatial network optimization approach that selects restoration locations in a fragmented landscape while addressing key environmental and logistical constraints. We applied the model to develop restoration scenarios in the Redrock-Prairie Creek caribou range in northwestern Alberta, Canada, which includes a combination of caribou habitat and active oil-and-gas and timber extraction areas. Our study applies network optimization at two distinct scales to address both the broad-scale restoration policy planning and project-level constraints at the level of individual forest sites. We first delineated a contiguous set of coarse-scale regions where restoration is most cost-effective and used this solution to solve a fine-scale network optimization model that addresses environmental and logistical planning constraints at the level of forest patches. Our two-tiered approach helps address the challenges of fine-scale spatial optimization of restoration activities. An additional coarse-scale optimization step finds a feasible starting solution for the fine-scale restoration problem, which serves to reduce the time to find an optimal solution. The added coarse-scale spatial constraints also make the fine-scale restoration solution align with the coarse-scale landscape features, which helps address the broad-scale restoration policies. The approach is generalizable and applicable to assist restoration planning in other regions fragmented by oil-and-gas activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Yemshanov
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.
| | - Mackenzie Simpson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Ning Liu
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Petty
- Alberta Environment and Protected Areas, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frank H Koch
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eric Neilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cynthia Chand
- Alberta Environment and Protected Areas, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - George Duffy
- Alberta Environment and Protected Areas, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vita Hoyles
- Alberta Environment and Protected Areas, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chris Mallon
- Alberta Environment and Protected Areas, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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5
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Bieluczyk W, Asselta FO, Navroski D, Gontijo JB, Venturini AM, Mendes LW, Simon CP, Camargo PBD, Tadini AM, Martin-Neto L, Bendassolli JA, Rodrigues RR, van der Putten WH, Tsai SM. Linking above and belowground carbon sequestration, soil organic matter properties, and soil health in Brazilian Atlantic Forest restoration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118573. [PMID: 37459811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Forest restoration mitigates climate change by removing CO2 and storing C in terrestrial ecosystems. However, incomplete information on C storage in restored tropical forests often fails to capture the ecosystem's holistic C dynamics. This study provides an integrated assessment of C storage in above to belowground subsystems, its consequences for greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, and the quantity, quality, and origin of soil organic matter (SOM) in restored Atlantic forests in Brazil. Relations between SOM properties and soil health indicators were also explored. We examined two restorations using tree planting ('active restoration'): an 8-year-old forest with green manure and native trees planted in two rounds, and a 15-year-old forest with native-planted trees in one round without green manure. Restorations were compared to reformed pasture and primary forest sites. We measured C storage in soil layers (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm), litter, and plants. GHG emissions were assessed using CH4 and CO2 fluxes. SOM quantity was evaluated using C and N, quality using humification index (HLIFS), and origin using δ13C and δ15N. Nine soil health indicators were interrelated with SOM attributes. The primary forest presented the highest C stocks (107.7 Mg C ha-1), followed by 15- and 8-year-old restorations and pasture with 69.8, 55.5, and 41.8 Mg C ha-1, respectively. Soil C stocks from restorations and pasture were 20% lower than primary forest. However, 8- and 15-year-old restorations stored 12.3 and 28.3 Mg ha-1 more aboveground C than pasture. The younger forest had δ13C and δ15N values of 2.1 and 1.7‰, respectively, lower than the 15-year-old forest, indicating more C derived from C3 plants and biological N fixation. Both restorations and pasture had at least 34% higher HLIFS in deeper soil layers (10-30 cm) than primary forest, indicating a lack of labile SOM. Native and 15-year-old forests exhibited higher soil methane influx (141.1 and 61.9 μg m-2 h-1). Forests outperformed pasture in most soil health indicators, with 69% of their variance explained by SOM properties. However, SOM quantity and quality regeneration in both restorations approached the pristine forest state only in the top 10 cm layer, while deeper soil retained agricultural degradation legacies. In conclusion, active restoration of the Atlantic Forest is a superior approach compared to pasture reform for GHG mitigation. Nonetheless, the development of restoration techniques to facilitate labile C input into deeper soil layers (>10 cm) is needed to further improve soil multifunctionality and long-term C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderlei Bieluczyk
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil; University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Isotopic Ecology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Ometto Asselta
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Deisi Navroski
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Brandão Gontijo
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Monteiro Venturini
- Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Lucas William Mendes
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Carla Penha Simon
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Isotopic Ecology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Plínio Barbosa de Camargo
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Isotopic Ecology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Maria Tadini
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Instrumentation, 1452 XV de Novembro Street, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Ladislau Martin-Neto
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Instrumentation, 1452 XV de Novembro Street, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - José Albertino Bendassolli
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Stable Isotope Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
- University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration, 11 Pádua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, 6708, PB, Wageningen, Netherlands; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8123, 6700, ES, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
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Keller JK, Sullivan PJ. The importance of patch shape at threshold occupancy: functional patch size within total habitat amount. Oecologia 2023; 203:95-112. [PMID: 37817053 PMCID: PMC10615919 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The habitat amount hypothesis (HAH) stresses the importance of total patch amount over the size of individual patches in determining species richness within a local landscape. However, the absence of some species from patches too small to contain a territory would be inconsistent with the HAH. Using the association of territory size with body size and the circle as optimal territory shape, we tested several HAH predictions of threshold patch occupancy and richness of 19 guilds of primarily insectivorous breeding birds. We characterized 16 guild-associated patch types at high spatial resolution and assigned one type to each guild. We measured functional patch size as the largest circle that fit within each patch type occurring in a local landscape. Functional patch size was the sole or primary predictor in regression models of species richness for 15 of the 19 guilds. Total patch amount was the sole or primary variable in only 2 models. Quantifying patch size at high resolution also demonstrated that breeding birds should be absent from patches that are too small to contain a territory and larger species should occur only in larger patches. Functional patch size is a readily interpretable metric that helps explain the habitat basis for differences in species composition and richness between areas. It provides a tool to assess the combined effects of patch size, shape and perforation on threshold habitat availability, and with total patch amount can inform design and/or evaluation of conservation, restoration or enhancement options for focal taxa or biodiversity in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Keller
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Habitat by Design, 74 Stagecoach Road, Pipersville, PA, 18947, USA.
| | - Patrick J Sullivan
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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7
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Wang W, Xu C, Li Y. Priority areas and benefits of ecosystem restoration in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:83600-83614. [PMID: 37344716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration can significantly improve ecosystem services and human well-being and provide a basis for regional coordinated development and ecological security. To guide restoration efforts, information on the potential benefits of restoration was required to efficiently target investments. Although the number of studies focusing on ecosystem restoration has increased in recent decades, priority areas that integrate ecological and economic benefits have yet to be identified. We developed and applied a prioritization approach to identify potential priority sites in Beijing. We used the historical environmental data on Beijing to identify areas of degradation and to assess the feasibility of restoration. Ecosystem service and quality degradation, low ecosystem quality, and soil erosion were integrated into one index to indicate the restoration importance. Potential restoration benefits were mapped using the monetary value of six ecosystem services. Based on the importance and benefits of restoration, three scenarios were developed to identify priority restoration areas. In Beijing, restoring 30% of the degraded area (1531 km2) in priority areas by 2050 could increase the annual ecological benefit by more than 5 billion yuan, or approximately 787 million USD, and could decrease the ecological degradation index by 50%. By integrating explicit spatial information on restoration importance and restoration benefits, this methodology provides a feasible way to identify restoration priority areas and assess restoration benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100120, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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8
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Guarenghi MM, Walter A, Dos Santos RF. Integrating Habitat Availability, Permeability, and Configuration in a Model of Landscape Connectivity: The Contribution of Habitat's Site-to-Site. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 71:998-1010. [PMID: 36625948 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The landscape configuration, the permeability of the matrix and the possibility of random dispersal movement of species are essential to robust modeling of the landscape connectivity. To represent this condition, we report a spatial model that integrates graph theory, circuit theory, metrics of habitat availability and includes a temporal aspect by looking into land use changes over time. We identify the possibilities of movement of species site-to-site over time in the landscape, taking into account not only the importance of sites of focal habitats, but also the potential relevance of the matrix for landscape connectivity. The modeling was applied to two rural landscapes, considering three functional groups of mammals with different resource-feeding and habitat requirements. The model indicated multiple and new dispersal non-linear potential routes to each group of mammals, considering its specific requirement to obtain resources and its movement pattern on the agricultural matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Mendes Guarenghi
- Energy Planning, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Mendeleyev, 200, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-860, Brazil.
| | - Arnaldo Walter
- Energy Planning, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Mendeleyev, 200, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-860, Brazil
| | - Rozely Ferreira Dos Santos
- LEPaC, Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, 321 - Trav. 14, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
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Louzada RO, Bergier I, Diniz JMFDS, Guerra A, Roque FDO. Priority setting for restoration in surrounding savannic areas of the Brazilian Pantanal based on soil loss risk and agrarian structure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116219. [PMID: 36108507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil health is at the core of the sustainability agenda. As in many agroecosystems in the tropics, soil erosion is a major issue in poorly managed pasturelands. A noteworthy case is located in the Upper Taquari River Basin (UTRB), as part of the Upper Paraguay Basin on the plateau with drainage waters for the Taquari megafan in the Brazilian Pantanal. Here we combine slope (S-factor), erodibility (E-factor), rainfall-rainy day ratio (R-factor), and vegetation and soil indices (C-factor) to locate erosion risk and prioritize eco-engineering interventions via palisades and small dams in UTRB. The method consisted of assessing distinct weights between Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) factors in a GIS platform, providing 35 combinations of classes as low, moderate, high, and very high erosive risk. The validation of the method was based on the ravine and plain ground truths obtained from high-resolution raster data. The best weight of USLE factors aids to locate critical erosive sites and vegetation patterns. Then, erosion risk and interventions were analyzed according to land use and rural property sizes in the government's Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) database. Overall, the natural factors of slope and erodibility in a proportion of 25% and 75% in GIS algebra provided the best mapping accuracy result. About 65% of the UTRB has high or very high erosion risks, and 70% of the available area can be acknowledged as degraded pasturelands. A total of 4744 erosion interventions were recorded, with an accuracy of 65.28% and 61.15% for check dams and palisades interventions, respectively. The number of necessary interventions in areas of native vegetation was almost 50% higher than in pasturelands. Even though micro landowners occupy most of the watershed, large properties have about ten times as many areas at high risk of erosion. The mutual cooperation between properties, independently of size, is supported by governmental public policies like incentives for ecosystem services restoration of critical gullies, with CAR compliance and fiscalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômullo O Louzada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Bergier
- Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, Brazil; Embrapa Agricultura Digital, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - A Guerra
- Instituto Homem Pantaneiro, Corumbá, Brazil
| | - Fábio de O Roque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Tonetti V, Niebuhr BB, Ribeiro M, Pizo MA. Forest regeneration may reduce the negative impacts of climate change on the biodiversity of a tropical hotspot. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Tonetti
- Department of Biodiversity Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr
- Department of Biodiversity Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway
| | - Milton Ribeiro
- Department of Biodiversity Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Pizo
- Department of Biodiversity Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
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11
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Ferreira RB, Parreira MR, de Arruda FV, Falcão MJA, de Freitas Mansano V, Nabout JC. Combining ecological niche models with experimental seed germination to estimate the effect of climate change on the distribution of endangered plant species in the Brazilian Cerrado. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:283. [PMID: 35294661 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the geographic distribution of plants that provide ecosystem services is essential to understand the adaptation of communities and conserve that group toward climate change. Predictions can be more accurate if changes in physiological characteristics of species due to those changes are included. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the different hierarchical levels of Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F. Macbr. (Fabaceae). Therefore, we experimentally evaluate the effect of different temperatures on the initial development (vigor) and estimate the impact of climate change on the potential geographic distribution of the species, using ecological niche approaches. For the experiment, we used 11 temperature intervals of 2 °C ranging from 21 to 41 °C. We used ecological niche modeling techniques (ENM) to predict the species' environmental suitability in future climate scenarios. The association between the experiment and niche models was obtained by testing the relationships of temperature increase on the species vigor and geographic distribution. This conceptual model to determine the direct and indirect effects of temperature was generated using the methodological framework of structural equation models. The experiment showed that the seeds had the highest growth at 31 °C. ENMs indicated that due to climate change, there is a tendency for the plant to migrate to regions with milder temperatures. However, such regions may be unsuitable for the plant since they do not have ideal temperatures to germinate, which may cause a drastic reduction in their availability in a future climate change scenario. The inclusion of seed germination through experimental research allowed us to detect an area that is less suitable for germination despite being climatically suitable for the species. Thus, research that integrates the effect of climate on the different stages of the organism's development is essential to understand the impact of climate change on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Batista Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Fazenda Barreiro Do Meio, Campus Central, BR 153, Anápolis, Goiás, 310575132-400, Brazil.
- Faculdade Metropolitana de Anápolis, Av. Fernando Costa 49 - Vila Jaiara St. Norte, Anápolis, Goiás, 75064-780, Brazil.
| | - Micael Rosa Parreira
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Chácaras de Recreio Samambaia, Campus Samambaia, Av. Esperança, s/n, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Viegas de Arruda
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Fazenda Barreiro Do Meio, Campus Central, BR 153, Anápolis, Goiás, 310575132-400, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, Asa Norte CLN 211, BL B Sala 201, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70863-520, Brazil
| | - Marcus J A Falcão
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico Do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ. Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Vidal de Freitas Mansano
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico Do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ. Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Nabout
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Fazenda Barreiro Do Meio, Campus Central, BR 153, Anápolis, Goiás, 310575132-400, Brazil
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12
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Antongiovanni M, Venticinque EM, Tambosi LR, Matsumoto M, Metzger JP, Fonseca CR. Restoration priorities for Caatinga dry forests: Landscape resilience, connectivity and biodiversity value. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Antongiovanni
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
| | | | - Leandro R. Tambosi
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas Universidade Federal do ABC Santo André Brazil
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13
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Santos VS, Magris RA, Cristina S. Soares A, Vieira RR, Machado RB. Connectivity and strategic opportunity to promote the establishment of private-owned protected areas in the Atlantic Forest (Serra do Mar and Bahia regions). J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Massi KG, Chaves RB, Tambosi LR. Simple indicators are good proxies for ecological complexity when assessing Atlantic Forest restoration success. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klécia G. Massi
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - Rafael B. Chaves
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
- Secretaria de Infraestrutura e Meio Ambiente São Paulo SP Brazil
- Sociedade Brasileira de Restauração Ecológica Londrina PR Brazil
| | - Leandro R. Tambosi
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas Universidade Federal do ABC Santo André SP Brazil
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15
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Zanini AM, Mayrinck RC, Vieira SA, Rodrigues RR. Carbon content and allometric models to estimate aboveground biomass for forest areas under restoration. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anani M. Zanini
- Departamento de Biologia ESALQ/USP—Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Av Padua Dias 11, Sao Dimas, Piracicaba São Paulo 13418 260 Brazil
| | - Rafaella C. Mayrinck
- Environment and Sustainability SENS/University of Saskatchewan 116‐110 Science Place, Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Simone A. Vieira
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP CEP 13083‐862 Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia ESALQ/USP—Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Av Padua Dias 11, Sao Dimas, Piracicaba São Paulo 13418 260 Brazil
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16
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Wang L, Yang B, Bai Y, Lu X, Corlett RT, Tan Y, Chen X, Zhu J, Liu Y, Quan R. Conservation planning on China's borders with Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:1797-1808. [PMID: 33749881 PMCID: PMC9290145 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Transboundary conservation is playing an increasingly important role in maintaining ecosystem integrity and halting biodiversity loss caused by anthropogenic activities. However, lack of information on species distributions in transboundary regions and understanding of the threats in these areas impairs conservation. We developed a spatial conservation plan for the transboundary areas between Yunnan province, southwestern China, and neighboring Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. To identify priority areas for conservation and restoration, we determined species distribution patterns and recent land-use changes and examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of the connected natural forest, which supports most species. We assessed connectivity with equivalent connected area (ECA), which is the amount of reachable habitat for a species. An ECA incorporates the presence of habitat in a patch and the amount of habitat in other patches within dispersal distance. We analyzed 197,845 locality records from specimen collections and monographs for 21,004 plant and vertebrate species. The region of Yunnan immediately adjacent to the international borders had the highest species richness, with 61% of recorded species and 56% of threatened vertebrates, which suggests high conservation value. Satellite imagery showed the area of natural forest in the border zone declined by 5.2% (13,255 km2 ) from 1995 to 2018 and monoculture plantations increased 92.4%, shrubland 10.1%, and other cropland 6.2%. The resulting decline in connected natural forest reduced the amount of habitat, especially for forest specialists with limited dispersal abilities. The most severe decline in connectivity was along the Sino-Vietnamese border. Many priority areas straddle international boundaries, indicating demand and potential for establishing transboundary protected areas. Our results illustrate the importance of bi- and multilateral cooperation to protect biodiversity in this region and provide guidance for future conservation planning and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Yang Bai
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Xiaoqiang Lu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of ChinaNanjing210042China
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Yunhong Tan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Xiao‐Yong Chen
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of ChinaNanjing210042China
| | - Rui‐Chang Quan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
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17
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Raghurama M, Sankaran M. Restoring tropical forest–grassland mosaics invaded by woody exotics. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manaswi Raghurama
- Ecology & Evolution Group, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru Karnataka 560065 India
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- Ecology & Evolution Group, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru Karnataka 560065 India
- School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds U.K
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18
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Tourinho L, Prevedello JA, Carvalho BM, Rocha DS, Vale MM. Macroscale climate change predictions have little influence on landscape-scale habitat suitability. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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19
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Suganuma MS, Durigan G. Build it and they will come, but not all of them in fragmented Atlantic Forest landscapes. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio S. Suganuma
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Restauração de Ecossistemas Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e da Educação Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná Cornélio Procópio Brazil
| | - Giselda Durigan
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Hidrologia Florestal Floresta Estadual de Assis, Instituto Florestal Assis Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
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20
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Sobral-Souza T, Santos JP, Maldaner ME, Lima-Ribeiro MS, Ribeiro MC. EcoLand: A multiscale niche modelling framework to improve predictions on biodiversity and conservation. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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21
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Monteiro ECS, Pizo MA, Vancine MH, Ribeiro MC. Forest cover and connectivity have pervasive effects on the maintenance of evolutionary distinct interactions in seed dispersal networks. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erison C. S. Monteiro
- Depto de Biodiversidade, Inst. de Biociências, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brasil
| | - Marco A. Pizo
- Depto de Biodiversidade, Inst. de Biociências, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brasil
| | | | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Depto de Biodiversidade, Inst. de Biociências, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brasil
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Abstract
AbstractLarge ground-dwelling Neotropical gamebirds are highly threatened by habitat loss and hunting, but conservationists rarely attempt to distinguish between these two threats in the management of populations. We used three different types of species records to determine the status (i.e. persistence level) of the Endangered red-billed curassow Crax blumenbachii in 14 forest remnants in north-east Brazil, as either persistent, precarious or extirpated. We related these persistence levels to variables measured in a 2-km buffer radius, including variables associated with habitat quality (proportion of forest cover, length of rivers, patch density, distance from rivers) and hunting pressure (proportion of cacao agroforests and farmlands, length of roads, total area occupied by settlements, distance from roads and from settlements). Curassows were more persistent in forest patches located (1) more distant from settlements, (2) in landscapes with few settlements, (3) in landscapes with a high incidence of roads, (4) in a mosaic with a high proportion of forest, shaded cacao agroforest and farmland, and (5) more distant from other forest patches. Hunting pressure potentially exerts more influence on persistence than habitat quality: (1) hunting pressure submodels had a higher explanatory power than habitat quality submodels, (2) final models comprised four hunting pressure variables but only two habitat quality variables, and (3) hunting pressure variables appeared in all models whereas habitat quality variables appeared in only one final model. If hunting pressure is driving declines in curassows, regions with low human presence and a high proportion of forest cover are recommended for establishing new reserves.
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23
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Kaszta Ż, Cushman SA, Slotow R. Temporal Non-stationarity of Path-Selection Movement Models and Connectivity: An Example of African Elephants in Kruger National Park. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.553263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective conservation and land management require robust understanding of how landscape features spatially and temporally affect population distribution, abundance and connectivity. This is especially important for keystone species known to shape ecosystems, such as the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). This work investigates monthly patterns of elephant movement and connectivity in Kruger National Park (KNP; South Africa), and their temporal relationship with landscape features over a 12-month period associated with the occurrence of a severe drought. Based on elephant locations from GPS collars with a short acquisition interval, we explored the monthly patterns of spatial-autocorrelation of elephant movement using Mantel correlograms, and we developed scale-optimized monthly path-selection movement and resistant kernel connectivity models. Our results showed high variability in patterns of autocorrelation in elephant movements across individuals and months, with a preponderance of directional movement, which we believe is related to drought induced range shifts. We also found high non-stationarity of monthly movement and connectivity models; most models exhibited qualitative similarity in the general nature of the predicted ecological relationships, but large quantitative differences in predicted landscape resistance and connectivity across the year. This suggests high variation in space-utilization and temporal shifts of core habitat areas for elephants in KNP. Even during extreme drought, rainfall itself was not a strong driver of elephant movement; elephant movements, instead, were strongly driven by selection for green vegetation and areas near waterholes and small rivers. Our findings highlight a potentially serious problem in using movement models from a particular temporal snapshot to infer general landscape effects on movement. Conservation and management strategies focusing only on certain areas identified by temporarily idiosyncratic models might not be appropriate or efficient as a guide for allocating scarce resources for management or for understanding general ecological relationships.
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van der Vyver ML, Mills AJ, Cowling RM. A biome-wide experiment to assess the effects of propagule size and treatment on the survival of Portulacaria afra (spekboom) truncheons planted to restore degraded subtropical thicket of South Africa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250256. [PMID: 33886643 PMCID: PMC8061913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights from biome-wide experiments can improve efficacy of landscape-scale ecological restoration projects. Such insights enable implementers to set temporal and geographical benchmarks and to identify key drivers of success during the often decades-long restoration trajectory. Here we report on a biome-wide experiment aimed at informing the ecological restoration of thousands of hectares of degraded subtropical thicket dominated by the succulent shrub, Portulacaria afra (spekboom). Restoration using spekboom truncheons has the potential to sequester, for a semi-arid region, large amounts of ecosystem carbon, while regenerating a host of associated ecosystem services. This study evaluates, after about three years post-propagation, the effects of spekboom truncheon size and treatment on survivorship in 40 fence-enclosed (0.25 ha) plots located in target habitat across the entire spekboom thicket biome. In each plot, locally harvested spekboom truncheons, comprising eight size/treatment combinations, were planted in replicated rows of between 24 and 49 individuals, depending on treatment. The experiment assessed the role of truncheon size, spacing, application of rooting hormone and watering at planting on survivorship percentage as an indicator of restoration success. All eight combinations recorded extreme minimum survivorship values of zero, while the range of extreme maximum values was 70-100%. Larger truncheons (>22.5 mm diameter) had almost double the survivorship (ca. 45%) than smaller truncheons (< 15 mm) (ca. 25%). Planting large, untreated truncheons at 1 m intervals-as opposed to 2 m intervals recommended in the current restoration protocol-resulted in no significant change in survivorship. The application of rooting hormone and water at planting had no significant effect on restoration success for both large and small truncheons. While our results do not provide an evidence base for changing the current spekboom planting protocol, we recommend research on the financial and economic costs and benefits of different propagation strategies in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius L van der Vyver
- Botany Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Anthony J Mills
- Department of Soil Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Richard M Cowling
- Botany Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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25
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Ranking habitat importance for small wildcats in the Brazilian savanna: landscape connectivity as a conservation tool. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Tarabon S, Dutoit T, Isselin-Nondedeu F. Pooling biodiversity offsets to improve habitat connectivity and species conservation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111425. [PMID: 33017721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Land developers can apply biodiversity offsetting in different ways, from a project-by-project approach to a pooled and proactive approach, this latter appearing to provide greater advantages both in terms of implementation and of the No Net Loss objective. Incorporating landscape connectivity into the mitigation hierarchy is commonly recommended, but the benefits of pooling and anticipating offsets have never really been demonstrated from modeling approaches. Here, we compare connectivity gains from two different offsetting scenarios, when interconnections at offset sites are taken and not taken into account. Assuming that gains can be increased by optimizing the location of offsets, we identified sites where biodiversity offsetting generates the greatest ecological gains in habitat connectivity. The method was applied to a study case in the suburbs of Lyon (Southern France) using several representative species and the landscape functional connectivity model Graphab. Pooling biodiversity offsets led to additional gains in overall habitat connectivity of +103% on average, which we show can be further improved (+8%) by using a patch addition process available in Graphab to plan spatially and ecologically coherent offsetting areas. Pooling and anticipating biodiversity offsets in this way can help preserve the biodiversity and the functionality of natural environments at the territorial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tarabon
- Soberco Environnement, Chemin du Taffignon, 69630, Chaponost, France; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-IRD, Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, IUT d'Avignon, 337 chemin des Meinajariés, Site Agroparc BP 61207, 84911, Avignon, cedex 09, France.
| | - Thierry Dutoit
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-IRD, Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, IUT d'Avignon, 337 chemin des Meinajariés, Site Agroparc BP 61207, 84911, Avignon, cedex 09, France
| | - Francis Isselin-Nondedeu
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-IRD, Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, IUT d'Avignon, 337 chemin des Meinajariés, Site Agroparc BP 61207, 84911, Avignon, cedex 09, France; Département Aménagement et Environnement École Polytechnique de l'Université de Tours, UMR CNRS 7324 CITERES, 33-35 Allée Ferdinand de Lesseps, 37200, Tours, France
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27
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Lane IG, Herron‐Sweet CR, Portman ZM, Cariveau DP. Floral resource diversity drives bee community diversity in prairie restorations along an agricultural landscape gradient. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian G. Lane
- Department of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
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28
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Nikinmaa L, Lindner M, Cantarello E, Jump AS, Seidl R, Winkel G, Muys B. Reviewing the Use of Resilience Concepts in Forest Sciences. CURRENT FORESTRY REPORTS 2020; 6:61-80. [PMID: 35747899 PMCID: PMC7612878 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-020-00110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Resilience is a key concept to deal with an uncertain future in forestry. In recent years, it has received increasing attention from both research and practice. However, a common understanding of what resilience means in a forestry context and how to operationalise it is lacking. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the recent forest science literature on resilience in the forestry context, synthesizing how resilience is defined and assessed. RECENT FINDINGS Based on a detailed review of 255 studies, we analysed how the concepts of engineering resilience, ecological resilience and social-ecological resilience are used in forest sciences. A clear majority of the studies applied the concept of engineering resilience, quantifying resilience as the recovery time after a disturbance. The two most used indicators for engineering resilience were basal area increment and vegetation cover, whereas ecological resilience studies frequently focus on vegetation cover and tree density. In contrast, important social-ecological resilience indicators used in the literature are socioeconomic diversity and stock of natural resources. In the context of global change, we expected an increase in studies adopting the more holistic social-ecological resilience concept, but this was not the observed trend. SUMMARY Our analysis points to the nestedness of these three resilience concepts, suggesting that they are complementary rather than contradictory. It also means that the variety of resilience approaches does not need to be an obstacle for operationalisation of the concept. We provide guidance for choosing the most suitable resilience concept and indicators based on the management, disturbance and application context.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Nikinmaa
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Lindner
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - E. Cantarello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
| | - A. S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - R. Seidl
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, Peter Jordan Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - G. Winkel
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Muys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Fox S, Kotelba A. An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Flexible Efficient Cognition for Persistent Sustainable Production. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22040444. [PMID: 33286218 PMCID: PMC7516917 DOI: 10.3390/e22040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amidst certainty, efficiency can improve sustainability by reducing resource consumption. However, flexibility is needed to be able to survive when uncertainty increases. Apropos, sustainable production cannot persist in the long-term without having both flexibility and efficiency. Referring to cognitive science to inform the development of production systems is well established. However, recent research in cognitive science encompassing flexibility and efficiency in brain functioning have not been considered previously. In particular, research by others that encompasses information (I), information entropy (H), relative entropy (D), transfer entropy (TE), and brain entropy. By contrast, in this paper, flexibility and efficiency for persistent sustainable production is analyzed in relation to these information theory applications in cognitive science and is quantified in terms of information. Thus, this paper is consistent with the established practice of referring to cognitive science to inform the development of production systems. However, it is novel in addressing the need to combine flexibility and efficiency for persistent sustainability in terms of cognitive functioning as modelled with information theory.
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30
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Liu SR, Fornacca D, Yang DD, Tan L, Li XF, Ren GP, Sun J, He XY, Yang WS, Cai QH, Xiao W. Species richness and biodiversity significance of alpine micro-waterbody systems in Gaoligong Mountain, Northwest Yunnan, China. JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE 2020; 17:907-918. [DOI: 10.1007/s11629-019-5487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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31
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Vidal CY, Naves RP, Viani RAG, Rodrigues RR. Assessment of the nursery species pool for restoring landscapes in southeastern Brazil. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Y. Vidal
- Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13.083‐875 Campinas‐SP Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,” Av. Padua Dias, 11, 13.418‐900 Piracicaba‐SP Brazil
| | - Rafaela P. Naves
- Departamento de Ciências FlorestaisUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,” Av. Padua Dias, 11, 13.418‐900 Piracicaba‐SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. G. Viani
- Departamento de Biotecnologia e Produção Vegetal e AnimalUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, 13.600‐091 Araras‐SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,” Av. Padua Dias, 11, 13.418‐900 Piracicaba‐SP Brazil
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Bergès L, Avon C, Bezombes L, Clauzel C, Duflot R, Foltête JC, Gaucherand S, Girardet X, Spiegelberger T. Environmental mitigation hierarchy and biodiversity offsets revisited through habitat connectivity modelling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 256:109950. [PMID: 31818748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss is accelerating because of unceasing human activity and land clearing for development projects (urbanisation, transport infrastructure, mining and quarrying …). Environmental policy-makers and managers in different countries worldwide have proposed the mitigation hierarchy to ensure the goal of "no net loss (NNL) of biodiversity" and have included this principle in environmental impact assessment processes. However, spatial configuration is hardly ever taken into account in the mitigation hierarchy even though it would greatly benefit from recent developments in habitat connectivity modelling incorporating landscape graphs. Meanwhile, national, European and international commitments have been made to maintain and restore the connectivity of natural habitats to face habitat loss and fragmentation. Our objective is to revisit the mitigation hierarchy and to suggest a methodological framework for evaluating the environmental impact of development projects, which includes a landscape connectivity perspective. We advocate the use of the landscape connectivity metric equivalent connectivity (EC), which is based on the original concept of "amount of reachable habitat". We also refine the three main levels of the mitigation hierarchy (impact avoidance, reduction and offset) by integrating a landscape connectivity aspect. We applied this landscape connectivity framework to a simple, virtual habitat network composed of 14 patches of varying sizes. The mitigation hierarchy was addressed through graph theory and EC and several scenarios of impact avoidance, reduction and compensation were tested. We present the benefits of a habitat connectivity framework for the mitigation hierarchy, provide practical recommendations to implement this framework and show its use in real case studies that had previously been restricted to one or two steps of the mitigation hierarchy. We insist on the benefits of a habitat connectivity framework for the mitigation hierarchy and for ecological equivalence assessment. In particular, we demonstrate why it is risky to use a standard offset ratio (the ratio between the amount of area negatively impacted and the compensation area) without performing a connectivity analysis that includes the landscape surrounding the zone impacted by the project. We also discuss the limitations of the framework and suggest potential improvements. Lastly, we raise concerns about the need to rethink the strategy for biodiversity protection. Given that wild areas and semi-natural habitats are becoming scarcer, in particular in industrialised countries, we are convinced that the real challenge is to quickly reconsider the current vision of "developing first, then assessing the ecological damage", and instead urgently adopt an upstream protection strategy that would identify and protect the land that must not be lost if we wish to maintain viable species populations and ecological corridors allowing them the mobility necessary to their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bergès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, 2, rue de la papeterie, BP 76, F-38402, Saint-Martin-d'Hères Cedex, France.
| | - Catherine Avon
- Semperfloris, 10 rue du Petit Jean, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Lucie Bezombes
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, 2, rue de la papeterie, BP 76, F-38402, Saint-Martin-d'Hères Cedex, France
| | - Céline Clauzel
- University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LADYSS, UMR 7533 CNRS, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Duflot
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland; School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jean-Christophe Foltête
- ThéMA, UMR 6049 CNRS / University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 32, rue Mégevand, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Stéphanie Gaucherand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, 2, rue de la papeterie, BP 76, F-38402, Saint-Martin-d'Hères Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Girardet
- ThéMA, UMR 6049 CNRS / University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 32, rue Mégevand, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Spiegelberger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, 2, rue de la papeterie, BP 76, F-38402, Saint-Martin-d'Hères Cedex, France
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Cushman SA, McGarigal K. Metrics and Models for Quantifying Ecological Resilience at Landscape Scales. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Santos JP, Sobral‐Souza T, Brown KS, Vancine MH, Ribeiro MC, Freitas AVL. Effects of landscape modification on species richness patterns of fruit‐feeding butterflies in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie P. Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Thadeu Sobral‐Souza
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia Universidade Federal de Mato grosso (UFMT) Cuiabá Brazil
| | - Keith S. Brown
- Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Maurício Humberto Vancine
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Milton C. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - André V. L. Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
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Khan AU, Sharif F, Siddiq Z, Hayyat MU, Shahzad L, Gratzfeld J. Piloting restoration initiatives in subtropical scrub forest: specifying areas asserting adaptive management. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:675. [PMID: 31654143 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Subtropical scrub forests in Pakistan have diminished by about 75% over the last hundred years, mainly due to indiscriminate exploitation and invasion by exotics species. Lack of initiatives, awareness, and research in utilizing the techniques used for accelerating natural forest succession is resulting in further degradation of the remaining forests. To promote active restoration with local communities and governmental authorities, a restoration scheme was piloted between 2010 and 2016 to examine enrichment population effects. Over 4,000 saplings of two woody climax species, Acacia modesta and Olea ferruginea, raised from seeds of local provenance, were planted in three subjectively selected trial plots representing various stages of degradation, covering a total area of about 4 ha. The results showed an overall 46% survival rate, accompanied by natural regeneration. Comparative analyses of the trial plots have shown variations which were strongly site specific, in addition, it also helped in gauging compliance of the site coordinators in implementing restoration measures as an effective management tool. This study provided an opportunity to appreciate the differences in terms of interventions used for implementing ecological restoration across landscape in the degraded scrub forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin U Khan
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Siddiq
- Department of Botany, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - M Umar Hayyat
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Laila Shahzad
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Joachim Gratzfeld
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK
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Chambers JC, Allen CR, Cushman SA. Operationalizing Ecological Resilience Concepts for Managing Species and Ecosystems at Risk. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chazdon RL. Towards more effective integration of tropical forest restoration and conservation. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Chazdon
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut
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Karp DS, Echeverri A, Zook J, Juárez P, Ke A, Krishnan J, Chan KM, Frishkoff LO. Remnant forest in Costa Rican working landscapes fosters bird communities that are indistinguishable from protected areas. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Karp
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California
| | - Alejandra Echeverri
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability University of British Colombia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jim Zook
- Unión de Ornitólogos de Costa Rica Naranjo de Alajuela Costa Rica
| | - Pedro Juárez
- Herbario Nacional de Costa Rica, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - Alison Ke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability University of British Colombia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Kai M.A. Chan
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability University of British Colombia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Luke O. Frishkoff
- Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas
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Prieto-Amparán JA, Villarreal-Guerrero F, Martínez-Salvador M, Manjarrez-Domínguez C, Vázquez-Quintero G, Pinedo-Alvarez A. Spatial near future modeling of land use and land cover changes in the temperate forests of Mexico. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6617. [PMID: 30923653 PMCID: PMC6431549 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of temperate forests of Mexico has continued in recent decades despite wide recognition of their importance to maintaining biodiversity. This study analyzes land use/land cover change scenarios, using satellite images from the Landsat sensor. Images corresponded to the years 1990, 2005 and 2017. The scenarios were applied for the temperate forests with the aim of getting a better understanding of the patterns in land use/land cover changes. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) multispectral classification technique served to determine the land use/land cover types, which were validated through the Kappa Index. For the simulation of land use/land cover dynamics, a model developed in Dinamica-EGO was used, which uses stochastic models of Markov Chains, Cellular Automata and Weight of Evidences. For the study, a stationary, an optimistic and a pessimistic scenario were proposed. The projections based on the three scenarios were simulated for the year 2050. Five types of land use/land cover were identified and evaluated. They were primary forest, secondary forest, human settlements, areas without vegetation and water bodies. Results from the land use/land cover change analysis show a substantial gain for the secondary forest. The surface area of the primary forest was reduced from 55.8% in 1990 to 37.7% in 2017. Moreover, the three projected scenarios estimate further losses of the surface are for the primary forest, especially under the stationary and pessimistic scenarios. This highlights the importance and probably urgent implementation of conservation and protection measures to preserve these ecosystems and their services. Based on the accuracy obtained and on the models generated, results from these methodologies can serve as a decision tool to contribute to the sustainable management of the natural resources of a region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Prieto-Amparán
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Martin Martínez-Salvador
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Griselda Vázquez-Quintero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Pinedo-Alvarez
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Genetic diversity and population structure of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) in the Pantanal, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Brazil. Mamm Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Silva DP, Dias AC, Lecci LS, Simião-Ferreira J. Potential Effects of Future Climate Changes on Brazilian Cool-Adapted Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:57-70. [PMID: 30066276 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The continuous pursuit of welfare and economic development through the exploitation of natural resources by human societies consequently resulted in the ongoing process of climate change. Changes in the distribution of species towards the planet's poles and mountain tops are some of the expected to biological consequences of this process. Here, we assessed the potential effects of future climate change on four cool-adapted Gripopterygidae (Insecta: Plecoptera) species [Gripopteryx garbei Navás 1936, G. cancellata (Pictet 1841), Tupiperla gracilis (Burmeister 1839), and T. tessellata (Brauer 1866)] from Southeastern Brazilian Atlantic forest. As species adapted to cold conditions, in the future scenarios of climate change, we expected these organisms to shrink/change their distributions ranges towards areas with suitable climatic conditions in Southern Brazilian regions, when compared with their predicted distributions in present climatic conditions. We used seven principal components derived from 19 environmental variables from Worldclim database for the present scenario and also seven principal components obtained from 17 different Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Models (AOGCMs), considering the most severe emission scenario for green-house gases to predict the species' distributions. Depending on the climatic scenario considered, there were polewards distribution range changes of the species. Additionally, we also observed an important decrease in the amount of protected modeled range for the species in the future scenarios. Considering that this Brazilian region may become hotter in the future and have its precipitation regime changed, as observed in the severe 2013-2014 drought, we believe these species adapted to high altitudes will be severely threatened in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Silva
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brasil.
| | - A C Dias
- Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Univ Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brasil
| | - L S Lecci
- Depto de Biologia - DBio, Univ Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Rondonópolis, MT, Brasil
| | - J Simião-Ferreira
- Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Univ Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brasil
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Colli-Silva M, Ivanauskas NM, Souza FM. Diagnóstico do conhecimento da biodiversidade de plantas vasculares nas unidades de conservação do estado de São Paulo. RODRIGUÉSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201970068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Com base em dados publicados sobre a ocorrência de espécies de plantas vasculares no estado de São Paulo, avaliamos a performance das unidades de conservação (UCs) na proteção dessas espécies, considerando especialmente aquelas endêmicas do estado e as ameaçadas de extinção. Das 648 espécies de samambaias e licófitas no estado, 71% ocorrem em UCs, 10 são endêmicas de São Paulo e 30 estão ameaçadas de extinção. Pouco menos da metade das espécies de samambaias e licófitas ameaçadas não foram registradas em UCs, e três são endêmicas do estado. Para as plantas com semente, das 8.521 espécies registradas, 48% ocorrem em UCs, 361 são endêmicas do estado e 676 estão ameaçadas de extinção. Entretanto, 65% das espécies ameaçadas estão desprotegidas, e 51 destas são endêmicas do estado, a maioria nativa da Mata Atlântica. Muitas UCs ainda possuem grande lacuna de conhecimento sobre a flora, de esforço de coleta de material botânico e de registro em herbários, com destaque para as Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPNs). Nossos dados reforçam a necessidade de ampliação de coletas botânicas em UCs, bem como a criação de novas áreas no estado, a fim de proteger espécies ameaçadas e endêmicas da flora paulista.
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Tavares PA, Brites AD, Sparovek G, Guidotti V, Cerignoni F, Aguiar D, Metzger JP, Rodrigues RR, Pinto LFG, Mello KD, Molin PG. Unfolding additional massive cutback effects of the Native Vegetation Protection Law on Legal Reserves, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The Native Vegetation Protection Law - 2012 - (NVPL) is the main Brazilian regulation for protecting native vegetation (NV) on private land. The NVPL, currently in the implementation phase, reduced Legal Reserves (LR) requirements compared to its previous version, the 1965's Forest Act (FA), through several legal mechanisms. Among them, Article 68 (Art.68) exempts landholders from LR obligations if NV was converted without offending the legislation in place at the time of the conversion. The technical implementation of Art. 68 is controversial and its effects are still unknown. We developed a model to estimate the effects of Art.68 on LR using São Paulo State (Brazil) as case study. We analyzed former environmental laws to identify key periods in which NV preservation requirements had changed. After, we searched for past spatial data on NV cover with sufficient accuracy for each legal benchmark. Combining legal benchmarks with spatial data, we created two scenarios for Art.68 effects, plus a baseline scenario. The first scenario considered a single legal benchmark, the 1965's FA (scenario "1965"), while the other included the 1989 Cerrado's protection Federal Law as a second benchmark (scenario "1965/89"). The baseline scenario did not include Art.68 effects. Scenario "1965" reduced LR deficits in 49% compared to the baseline scenario, waiving landholders from restoration or offsetting needs in 423 thousand hectares (kha) of NV. Scenario "1965/89" waved 507 kha of NV from restoration needs and represented a 59% reduction in LR deficit compared to the baseline scenario. The LR reduction by scenario "1965/89" assumed particular importance considering that the additional cutback was concentrated on Cerrado, an already very fragmented and impacted region. Together with reductions from other NVPL rules, the additional effects of Art. 68 unfolded great concerns about the role of LR as a tool for NV preservation on private land, threating governmental restoration commitments, and pointing that conservation command and control approaches should be complemented with incentive policies to achieve the desired and committed standards.
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Using functional connectivity to predict potential meta-population sizes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Molin PG, Chazdon R, Frosini de Barros Ferraz S, Brancalion PHS. A landscape approach for cost‐effective large‐scale forest restoration. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Guilherme Molin
- Center for Nature SciencesFederal University of São Carlos Campina do Monte Alegre Brazil
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of São Paulo“Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of São Paulo“Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture Piracicaba Brazil
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- World Resources InstituteGlobal Restoration Initiative Washington District of Columbia
| | | | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of São Paulo“Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture Piracicaba Brazil
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Saraiva DD, Santos ASD, Overbeck GE, Giehl ELH, Jarenkow JA. How effective are protected areas in conserving tree taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forests? J Nat Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Biodiversity conservation gaps in Brazil: A role for systematic conservation planning. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sobral-Souza T, Vancine MH, Ribeiro MC, Lima-Ribeiro MS. Efficiency of protected areas in Amazon and Atlantic Forest conservation: A spatio-temporal view. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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