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For: Lin W, Chen T, Liao L, Wang Z, Xiao J, Lu J, Song C, Qin J, Chen F, Chang YF, Xie Q. A parrot-type Chlamydia psittaci strain is in association with egg production drop in laying ducks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019;66:2002-2010. [PMID: 31127977 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]

For:	Lin W, Chen T, Liao L, Wang Z, Xiao J, Lu J, Song C, Qin J, Chen F, Chang YF, Xie Q. A parrot-type Chlamydia psittaci strain is in association with egg production drop in laying ducks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019;66:2002-2010. [PMID: 31127977 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Domrazek K, Jurka P. Prevalence of Chlamydophila spp. and Canid herpesvirus-1 in Polish dogs. Vet World 2024;17:226-232. [PMID: 38406369 PMCID: PMC10884577 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.226-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open

Lu H, Yuan J, Wu Z, Wang L, Wu S, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Zou X, Hu Q, Feng T, Lu J, Ji L, Qiu S, Xu S, Jiang M, Li Y, Peng B, Bai Q, Cai R, Geng Y, Shi X. Distribution of drug-resistant genes in alveolar lavage fluid from patients with psittacosis and traceability analysis of causative organisms. Front Microbiol 2023;14:1182604. [PMID: 37425996 PMCID: PMC10327639 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1182604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open

Abstract

Background

Chlamydia psittaci is a small bacterium often found in birds, including poultry, and domesticated mammals, which causes psittacosis (or parrot fever) in humans. Different strains of C. psittaci respond variably to antibiotics, suggesting a possible risk of antibiotic resistance. In general, different genotypes of C. psittaci have relatively stable hosts and different pathogenicity.

Methods

Macrogenomic sequencing was performed using nucleic acids extracted from psittacosis patients' alveolar lavage fluid samples and analyzed for genetic variability and antibiotic resistance genes. Nucleic acid amplification sequences specific to the core coding region of the C. psittaci ompA gene were used, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed with C. psittaci genotypic sequences from other sources, including Chinese published sources. The C. psittaci found in each patient were genotyped by comparing ompA gene sequences. In addition, to better illustrate the relationship between genotype and host of C. psittaci, 60 bird fecal samples were collected from bird-selling stores for screening and C. psittaci typing.

Results

Macrogenomic sequence alignment revealed the presence of resistance genes in varying abundance in samples from all three patients, including C. psittaci resistance gene sequences from two patients that matched those previously published on NCBI. Based on ompA genotyping, two patients were infected with C. psittaci genotype A and one patient was infected with genotype B. All five C. psittaci-positive samples obtained from bird-selling stores were genotype A. Both genotypes are reported to be infectious to humans. The host origin of the samples and the previously reported main sources of each genotype suggested that all but one of the C. psittaci genotype A in this study were derived from parrots, while genotype B was probably derived from chickens.

Conclusion

The presence of bacterial resistance genes in psittacosis patients may affect the efficacy of clinical antibiotic therapy. Focusing on the developmental progression of bacterial resistance genes and differences in the therapeutic efficacy may facilitate effective treatment of clinical bacterial infections. Pathogenicity genotypes (e.g., genotype A and genotype B) are not limited to one animal host, suggesting that monitoring the development and changes of C. psittaci may help prevent transmission to humans.

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Affiliation(s)

Huiqun Lu Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
Jing Yuan Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Zeming Wu Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
Lingwei Wang Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
Shuang Wu Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Qiongcheng Chen Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Zhen Zhang Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Zhigao Chen Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Xuan Zou Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Qinghua Hu Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Tiejian Feng Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Jianhua Lu Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Liyin Ji Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Shuxiang Qiu Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
Shiqin Xu Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Min Jiang Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Yinghui Li Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Bo Peng Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Qinqin Bai Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
Rui Cai Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Yijie Geng Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Xiaolu Shi Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China

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Wang Z, Chen C, Lu H, Wang L, Gao L, Zhang J, Zhu C, Du F, Cui L, Tan Y. Case report: Clinical characteristics of two cases of pneumonia caused with different strains of Chlamydia psittaci. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023;13:1086454. [PMID: 36798086 PMCID: PMC9927004 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1086454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open

Qin XC, Huang J, Yang Z, Sun X, Wang W, Gong E, Cao Z, Lin J, Qiu Y, Wen B, Kan B, Xu J, Qin T. Severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by Chlamydia psittasi genotype E/B strain circulating among geese in Lishui city, Zhejiang Province, China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022;11:2715-2723. [DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2140606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]

Affiliation(s)

Xin-Cheng Qin State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Jinwei Huang Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang province, China
Zhangnv Yang Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
Xiangrong Sun Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
Wen Wang State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Enhui Gong Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang province, China
Zhuo Cao Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang province, China
Jianfeng Lin Department of internal medicine, Suichang Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Suichang County, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
Yanai Qiu Department of internal medicine, Suichang Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Suichang County, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
Bohai Wen Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
Biao Kan State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Jianguo Xu State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Tian Qin State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

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He J, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Zhang L, Shao G, Xie Z, Nie Y, Li W, Li Y, Chen L, Huang B, Chu F, Feng K, Lin W, Li H, Chen W, Zhang X, Xie Q. Recombinant Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Led to Ileac Damage in Muscovy Ducklings. Viruses 2022;14:v14071471. [PMID: 35891451 PMCID: PMC9315717 DOI: 10.3390/v14071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Jiahui He Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Yukun Zhang Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Zezhong Hu Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Luxuan Zhang School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
Guanming Shao Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Zi Xie Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Yu Nie Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Wenxue Li Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Yajuan Li Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Liyi Chen Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Benli Huang Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Fengsheng Chu Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
Keyu Feng Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
Wencheng Lin Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
Hongxin Li Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
Weiguo Chen Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
Xinheng Zhang Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Q.X.)
Qingmei Xie Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Q.X.)

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Zhang Z, Zhou H, Cao H, Ji J, Zhang R, Li W, Guo H, Chen L, Ma C, Cui M, Wang J, Chen H, Ding G, Yan C, Dong L, Holmes EC, Meng L, Hou P, Shi W. Human-to-human transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in China, 2020: an epidemiological and aetiological investigation. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022;3:e512-e520. [PMID: 35617977 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Chlamydia psittaci can infect a wide range of avian species, occasionally causing psittacosis (also known as parrot fever) in humans. Most human psittacosis cases are associated with close contact with pet birds or poultry. In December, 2020, an outbreak of severe community-acquired pneumonia of unknown aetiology was reported in a hospital in Shandong province, China, and some of the patients' close contacts had respiratory symptoms. Our aims were to determine the causative agent of this epidemic and whether there had been human-to-human transmission.

METHODS

For this epidemiological and aetiological investigation study, we enrolled patients who had community-acquired pneumonia confirmed by chest CT at two local hospitals in Shandong Province in China. We collected sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and nasopharyngeal swab samples from participants and detected pathogens by surveying for 22 target respiratory microbes using a commercial assay, followed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing, specific nested PCR, and qPCR tests. We excluded individuals who were C psittaci-negative on both tests. We recruited close contacts of the C psittaci-positive patients, and tested nasopharyngeal swabs from the close contacts and samples from ducks from the processing plant where these patients worked. We then integrated the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data to reveal the potential chain of transmission of C psittaci that characterised this outbreak.

FINDINGS

Between Dec 4 and 29, 2020, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing and different PCR-based approaches to test 12 inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia, of whom six (50%) were workers at a duck-meat processing plant and two (17%) were unemployed people, who were positive for C psittaci and enrolled in this study. We contacted 61 close contacts of the six patients who worked at the duck-meat processing plant, of whom 61 (100%) were enrolled and tested, and we determined that the community-acquired pneumonia outbreak was caused by C psittaci. Within the outbreak cluster, 17 (77%) of 22 participants had confirmed C psittaci infections and five (23%) of 22 participants were asymptomatic C psittaci carriers. The outbreak had begun with avian-to-human transmission, and was followed by secondary and tertiary human-to-human transmission, which included transmission by several asymptomatic carriers and by health-care workers. In addition, some of the participants with confirmed C psittaci infection had no identified source of infection, which suggested cryptic bacterial transmission.

INTERPRETATION

Our study data might represent the first documented report of human-to-human transmission of C psittaci in China. Therefore, C psittaci has the potential to evolve human-to-human transmission via various routes, should be considered an elevated biosecurity and emergent risk, and be included as part of the routine diagnosis globally, especially for high-risk populations.

FUNDING

Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University, National Science and Technology Major Project, ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship.

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Affiliation(s)

Zhenjie Zhang Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
Hong Zhou Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
Huae Cao Department of Infectious Disease, Xintai Third People's Hospital, Tai'an, China
Jingkai Ji Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
Rongqiang Zhang Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Tai'an, Tai'an, China
Wenxin Li Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
Hongfeng Guo Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xintai Third People's Hospital, Tai'an, China
Long Chen Department of Infectious Disease, Xintai Third People's Hospital, Tai'an, China
Chuanmin Ma Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
Mingxue Cui Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
Jing Wang Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
Hao Chen School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Ji'ning, China
Guoyong Ding School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
Chengxin Yan Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
Liang Dong Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
Edward C Holmes Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Ling Meng Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
Peiqiang Hou Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Tai'an, Tai'an, China
Weifeng Shi Key Laboratory of Aetiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China; School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.

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Ravichandran K, Anbazhagan S, Karthik K, Angappan M, Dhayananth B. A comprehensive review on avian chlamydiosis: a neglected zoonotic disease. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021;53:414. [PMID: 34312716 PMCID: PMC8313243 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]

Abstract

Avian chlamydiosis is one of the important neglected diseases with critical zoonotic potential. Chlamydia psittaci, the causative agent, affects most categories of birds, livestock, companion animals, and humans. It has many obscured characters and epidemiological dimensions, which makes it unique among other bacterial agents. Recent reports on transmission from equine to humans alarmed the public health authorities, and it necessitates the importance of routine screening of this infectious disease. High prevalence of spill-over infection in equines was associated with reproductive losses. Newer avian chlamydial species are being reported in the recent years. It is a potential biological warfare agent and the disease is an occupational hazard mainly to custom officers handling exotic birds. Prevalence of the disease in wild birds, pet birds, and poultry causes economic losses to the poultry industry and the pet bird trade. Interestingly, there are speculations on the ‘legal’ and ‘illegal’ bird trade that may be the global source of some of the most virulent strains of this pathogen. The mortality rate generally ranges from 5 to 40% in untreated cases, but it can sometimes be higher in co-infection. The intracellular lifestyle of this pathogen makes the diagnosis more complicated and there is also lack of accurate diagnostics. Resistance to antibiotics is reported only in some pathogens of the Chlamydiaceae family, but routine screening may assess the actual situation in all pathogens. Due to the diverse nature of the pathogen, the organism necessitates the One Health partnerships to have complete understanding. The present review focuses on the zoonotic aspects of avian chlamydiosis with its new insights into the pathogenesis, transmission, treatment, prevention, and control strategies. The review also briefs on the basic understandings and complex epidemiology of avian chlamydiosis, highlighting the need for research on emerging one health perspectives.

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Fang H, Quan H, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Yuan S, Huang S, He C. Co-Infection of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Chlamydia psittaci Contributes to Salpingitis of Laying Layers and Breeder Ducks. Pathogens 2021;10:pathogens10060755. [PMID: 34203970 PMCID: PMC8232623 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open

Abstract

Salpingitis is manifested as hemorrhagic follicular inflammation exudations and peritonitis, leading to reduced egg production and high culling of breeder flocks. From 2018 to 2021, increasing salpingitis during egg peak is threatening the poultry industry post-artificial insemination, both in breeder layers and breeder ducks across China. In our study, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis) and Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) were isolated and identified from the diseased oviducts using biochemical tests and PCR. To identify and isolate pathogenicity, we inoculated the isolates into laying hens via an intravaginal route. Later, laying hens developed typical salpingitis after receiving the combination of the aforementioned three isolates (1 × 10⁵ IFU/mL of C. psittaci and 1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL of E. faecalis and E. coli, respectively), while less oviduct inflammation was observed in the layers inoculated with the above isolate alone. Furthermore, 56 breeder ducks were divided into seven groups, eight ducks per group. The birds received the combination of three isolates, synergic infection of E. coli and E. faecalis, and C. psittaci alone via vaginal tract, while the remaining ducks were inoculated with physiological saline as the control group. Egg production was monitored daily and lesions of oviducts and follicles were determined post-infection on day 6. Interestingly, typical salpingitis, degenerated follicles and yolk peritonitis were obviously found in the synergic infection of three isolates and the birds inoculated with C. psittaci alone developed hemorrhagic follicles and white exudates in oviducts, while birds with E. faecalis or E. coli alone did not develop typical salpingitis. Finally, higher E. coli loads were determined in the oviducts as compared to E. faecalis and C. psittaci infection. Taken together, the combination of E. coli and E. faecalis, and C. psittaci could induce typical salpingitis and yolk peritonitis both in laying hens and breeder ducks. Secondary infection of E. coli and E. faecalis via artificial insemination is urgently needed for investigation against salpingitis.

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Tang T, Wu H, Chen X, Chen L, Liu L, Li Z, Bai Q, Chen Y, Chen L. The Hypothetical Inclusion Membrane Protein CPSIT_0846 Regulates Mitochondrial-Mediated Host Cell Apoptosis via the ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:607422. [PMID: 33747977 PMCID: PMC7971157 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.607422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open

Abstract

Chlamydia psittaci is an important zoonotic factor associated with human and animal atypical pneumonia. Resisting host cell apoptosis is central to sustaining Chlamydia infection in vivo. Chlamydia can secrete inclusion membrane proteins (Incs) that play important roles in their development cycle and pathogenesis. CPSIT_0846 is an Inc protein in C. psittaci identified by our team in previous work. In the current study, we investigated the regulatory role of CPSIT_0846 in HeLa cell apoptosis, and explored potential mechanisms. The results showed that HeLa cells treated with CPSIT_0846 contained fewer apoptotic bodies and exhibited a lower apoptotic rate than untreated cells either with Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining or flow cytometry with or without induction by staurosporine (STS). CPSIT_0846 could increase the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) or stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) signaling pathways, and the Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax)/B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) ratio, levels of cleaved caspase-3/9 and cleaved Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) were significantly up-regulated following inhibition of ERK1/2 or SAPK/JNK pathways with U0126 or SP600125. After carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) treatment, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of cells was significantly decreased in control group, but stable in the CPSIT_0846 treated one, and less cytochrome c (Cyt.c) was released into the cytoplasm. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 or SAPK/JNK pathway significantly decreased the JC-1 red-green fluorescence signal, and promoted Cyt.c discharge into the cytoplasm in HeLa cells treated with CPSIT_0846. In conclusion, CPSIT_0846 can regulate mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells by activating the ERK/JNK signaling pathway.

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Affiliation(s)

Ting Tang Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Infection Control, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
Haiying Wu Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
Xi Chen Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
Li Chen Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
Luyao Liu Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
Zhongyu Li Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
Qinqin Bai Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
Yuyu Chen Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
Lili Chen Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China

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Pang Y, Cong F, Zhang X, Li H, Chang YF, Xie Q, Lin W. A recombinase polymerase amplification-based assay for rapid detection of Chlamydia psittaci. Poult Sci 2020;100:585-591. [PMID: 33518111 PMCID: PMC7858173 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open

Lipofectamine enhances Chlamydia infectivity in cell culture. Anal Biochem 2020;610:113985. [PMID: 33065117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]

Detection of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia ibidis in the Endangered Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon). Epidemiol Infect 2020;148:e1. [PMID: 31910921 PMCID: PMC7019082 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268819002231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open