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Rodriguez J. One Health Ethics and the Ethics of Zoonoses: A Silent Call for Global Action. Vet Sci 2024; 11:394. [PMID: 39330773 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11090394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a critical review of key issues related to the emergence of new networks for the spread of zoonotic diseases amid the mass extinction of species. Zoonotic and infectious diseases account for approximately 70% of new and existing diseases affecting humans and animals. The initial section argues that the term "zoonoses" should not be confined to single-cause events within veterinary medicine. Instead, zoonoses should be viewed as complex, systemic phenomena shaped by interrelated factors, including environmental, sociocultural, and economic elements, influenced by anthropogenic climate change. The second section presents bioethical principles and potential strategies for those engaged in zoonotic disease prevention. The third section uses the slaughter of animals in disaster settings as a case study to illustrate the need for further clarification of normative and interspecies justice conflicts in One Health ethics. This section concludes with an outlook on "zoonoethics". Section four develops the analysis of the interlinked elements that trigger zoonoses and examines antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from an ethical and political standpoint, concluding with policy recommendations for addressing AMR. Section five offers a critical reflection, integrating contributions from zoonoethics, human ecology, and the ecotheological turn. Finally, section six concludes with a call to action and policy recommendations for an inclusive, intercultural, and gender-sensitive One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyver Rodriguez
- Department of Applied Ethics, Temuco Catholic University, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center for Global Change Studies and Biocultural Conservation (CHIC), Cabo de Hornos 635000, Chile
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2
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Kang H, Lee J, Moon J, Lee T, Kim J, Jeong Y, Lim EK, Jung J, Jung Y, Lee SJ, Lee KG, Ryu S, Kang T. Multiplex Detection of Foodborne Pathogens using 3D Nanostructure Swab and Deep Learning-Based Classification of Raman Spectra. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308317. [PMID: 38564785 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Proactive management of foodborne illness requires routine surveillance of foodborne pathogens, which requires developing simple, rapid, and sensitive detection methods. Here, a strategy is presented that enables the detection of multiple foodborne bacteria using a 3D nanostructure swab and deep learning-based Raman signal classification. The nanostructure swab efficiently captures foodborne pathogens, and the portable Raman instrument directly collects the Raman signals of captured bacteria. a deep learning algorithm has been demonstrated, 1D convolutional neural network with binary labeling, achieves superior performance in classifying individual bacterial species. This methodology has been extended to mixed bacterial populations, maintaining accuracy close to 100%. In addition, the gradient-weighted class activation mapping method is used to provide an investigation of the Raman bands for foodborne pathogens. For practical application, blind tests are conducted on contaminated kitchen utensils and foods. The proposed technique is validated by the successful detection of bacterial species from the contaminated surfaces. The use of a 3D nanostructure swab, portable Raman device, and deep learning-based classification provides a powerful tool for rapid identification (≈5 min) of foodborne bacterial species. The detection strategy shows significant potential for reliable food safety monitoring, making a meaningful contribution to public health and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Moon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Taegu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Kim
- Department of Energy Resources and Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, 346 Jungang-ro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do, 25913, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano-Bio Sensors/Chips Development, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Division of Nano-Bio Sensors/Chips Development, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung G Lee
- Division of Nano-Bio Sensors/Chips Development, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
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3
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Fletcher C, Ripple WJ, Newsome T, Barnard P, Beamer K, Behl A, Bowen J, Cooney M, Crist E, Field C, Hiser K, Karl DM, King DA, Mann ME, McGregor DP, Mora C, Oreskes N, Wilson M. Earth at risk: An urgent call to end the age of destruction and forge a just and sustainable future. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae106. [PMID: 38566756 PMCID: PMC10986754 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Human development has ushered in an era of converging crises: climate change, ecological destruction, disease, pollution, and socioeconomic inequality. This review synthesizes the breadth of these interwoven emergencies and underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, integrated action. Propelled by imperialism, extractive capitalism, and a surging population, we are speeding past Earth's material limits, destroying critical ecosystems, and triggering irreversible changes in biophysical systems that underpin the Holocene climatic stability which fostered human civilization. The consequences of these actions are disproportionately borne by vulnerable populations, further entrenching global inequities. Marine and terrestrial biomes face critical tipping points, while escalating challenges to food and water access foreshadow a bleak outlook for global security. Against this backdrop of Earth at risk, we call for a global response centered on urgent decarbonization, fostering reciprocity with nature, and implementing regenerative practices in natural resource management. We call for the elimination of detrimental subsidies, promotion of equitable human development, and transformative financial support for lower income nations. A critical paradigm shift must occur that replaces exploitative, wealth-oriented capitalism with an economic model that prioritizes sustainability, resilience, and justice. We advocate a global cultural shift that elevates kinship with nature and communal well-being, underpinned by the recognition of Earth's finite resources and the interconnectedness of its inhabitants. The imperative is clear: to navigate away from this precipice, we must collectively harness political will, economic resources, and societal values to steer toward a future where human progress does not come at the cost of ecological integrity and social equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fletcher
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - William J Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Thomas Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Phoebe Barnard
- Center for Environmental Politics and School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- African Climate and Development Initiative and FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Kamanamaikalani Beamer
- Hui ‘Āina Momona Program, Richardson School of Law, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Hawai‘inuiākea School of Hawaiian Knowledge, Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Aishwarya Behl
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jay Bowen
- Institute of American Indian Arts, Santa Fe, NM 87508, USA
- Upper Skagit Tribe, Sedro Woolley, WA 98284, USA
| | - Michael Cooney
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Hawai‘i Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Eileen Crist
- Department of Science Technology and Society, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Christopher Field
- Doerr School for Sustainability, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Krista Hiser
- Department of Languages, Linguistics, and Literature, Kapi‘olani Community College, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
- Global Council for Science and the Environment, Washington, DC 20006, USA
| | - David M Karl
- Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography, Research and Education, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - David A King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1DQ, UK
| | - Michael E Mann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Davianna P McGregor
- Department of Ethnic Studies, Center for Oral History, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Camilo Mora
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Naomi Oreskes
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Wilson
- Associate Justice, Hawaii Supreme Court (retired), Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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4
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Wang W, Zhao X, Jia Y, Xu J. The communication of artificial intelligence and deep learning in computer tomography image recognition of epidemic pulmonary infectious diseases. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297578. [PMID: 38319912 PMCID: PMC10846714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives are to improve the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of epidemic pulmonary infectious diseases and to study the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in pulmonary infectious disease diagnosis and public health management. The computer tomography (CT) images of 200 patients with pulmonary infectious disease are collected and input into the AI-assisted diagnosis software based on the deep learning (DL) model, "UAI, pulmonary infectious disease intelligent auxiliary analysis system", for lesion detection. By analyzing the principles of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in deep learning (DL), the study selects the AlexNet model for the recognition and classification of pulmonary infection CT images. The software automatically detects the pneumonia lesions, marks them in batches, and calculates the lesion volume. The result shows that the CT manifestations of the patients are mainly involved in multiple lobes and density, the most common shadow is the ground-glass opacity. The detection rate of the manual method is 95.30%, the misdetection rate is 0.20% and missed diagnosis rate is 4.50%; the detection rate of the DL-based AI-assisted lesion method is 99.76%, the misdetection rate is 0.08%, and the missed diagnosis rate is 0.08%. Therefore, the proposed model can effectively identify pulmonary infectious disease lesions and provide relevant data information to objectively diagnose pulmonary infectious disease and manage public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Hangzhou Xinken Culture Media Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- College of Media and International Culture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- School of Software & Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshu Jia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Jiali Xu
- School of Mathematics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
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5
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Kim DY, Patel SKS, Rasool K, Lone N, Bhatia SK, Seth CS, Ghodake GS. Bioinspired silver nanoparticle-based nanocomposites for effective control of plant pathogens: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168318. [PMID: 37956842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, pose significant challenges to the farming community due to their extensive diversity, the rapidly evolving phenomenon of multi-drug resistance (MDR), and the limited availability of effective control measures. Amid mounting global pressure, particularly from the World Health Organization, to limit the use of antibiotics in agriculture and livestock management, there is increasing consideration of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as promising alternatives for antimicrobial applications. Studies focusing on the application of ENMs in the fight against MDR pathogens are receiving increasing attention, driven by significant losses in agriculture and critical knowledge gaps in this crucial field. In this review, we explore the potential contributions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their nanocomposites in combating plant diseases, within the emerging interdisciplinary arena of nano-phytopathology. AgNPs and their nanocomposites are increasingly acknowledged as promising countermeasures against plant pathogens, owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics and inherent antimicrobial properties. This review explores recent advancements in engineered nanocomposites, highlights their diverse mechanisms for pathogen control, and draws attention to their potential in antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral applications. In the discussion, we briefly address three crucial dimensions of combating plant pathogens: green synthesis approaches, toxicity-environmental concerns, and factors influencing antimicrobial efficacy. Finally, we outline recent advancements, existing challenges, and prospects in scholarly research to facilitate the integration of nanotechnology across interdisciplinary fields for more effective treatment and prevention of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nasreena Lone
- School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, JAIN Deemed University, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Arasu A, Prabha N, Devi D, Issac PK, Alarjani KM, Al Farraj DA, Aljeidi RA, Hussein DS, Mohan M, Tayyeb JZ, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale Against the Milk-Borne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. J Microbiol 2023; 61:993-1011. [PMID: 38048022 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen that causes listeriosis and has a high case fatality rate despite its low incidence. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites have been identified as potential antibacterial substances, serving as replacements for synthetic chemical compounds. The present studies emphasize two significant medicinal plants, Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale, and their efficacy against L. monocytogenes. Firstly, a bacterial isolate was obtained from milk and identified through morphology and biochemical reactions. The species of the isolate were further confirmed through 16S rRNA analysis. Furthermore, polar solvents such as methanol and ethanol were used for the extraction of secondary metabolites from A. cepa and Z. officinale. Crude phytochemical components were identified using phytochemical tests, FTIR, and GC-MS. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the crude extract and its various concentrations were tested against L. monocytogenes. Among all, A. cepa in methanolic extracts showed significant inhibitory activity. Since, the A. cepa for methanolic crude extract was used to perform autography to assess its bactericidal activity. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed to determine the specific compound inhibition. The docking results revealed that four compounds displayed strong binding affinity with the virulence factor Listeriolysin-O of L. monocytogenes. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the medicinal plant A. cepa has potential antibacterial effects against L. monocytogenes, particularly targeting its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Arasu
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Nagaram Prabha
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Durga Devi
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem A Aljeidi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina S Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, 44115, USA
| | - Magesh Mohan
- Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Jehad Zuhair Tayyeb
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, 23890, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Pardo JM, Chittarath K, Vongphachanh P, Hang LT, Oeurn S, Arinaitwe W, Rodriguez R, Sophearith S, Malik AI, Cuellar WJ. Cassava Witches' Broom Disease in Southeast Asia: A Review of Its Distribution and Associated Symptoms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112217. [PMID: 37299196 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cassava witches' broom disease (CWBD) is one of the main diseases of cassava in Southeast Asia (SEA). Affected cassava plants show reduced internodal length and proliferation of leaves (phyllody) in the middle and top part of the plant, which results in reduced root yields of 50% or more. It is thought to be caused by phytoplasma; however, despite its widespread distribution in SEA still little is known about CWBD pathology. The overarching goal of this study was to review and corroborate published information on CWBD biology and epidemiology considering recent field observations. We report the following: (1) CWBD symptoms are conserved and persistent in SEA and are distinct from what has been reported as witches' broom in Argentina and Brazil. (2) In comparison with cassava mosaic disease, another major disease of cassava in SEA, symptoms of CWBD develop later. (3) Phytoplasma detected in CWBD-affected plants belong to different ribosomal groups and there is no association study available indicating phytoplasma as the causing agent of CWBD. These findings are essential clues for designing surveillance and management strategies and for future studies to better understand the biology, tissue localization and spatial spread of CWBD in SEA and other potential risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Pardo
- Cassava Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Khonesavanh Chittarath
- Plant Protection Center (PPC), Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Pinkham Vongphachanh
- Plant Protection Center (PPC), Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Le Thi Hang
- Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Samoul Oeurn
- Plant Protection Sanitary and Phytosanitary Department, General Directorate of Agriculture (GDA), Phnom Penh 120406, Cambodia
| | - Warren Arinaitwe
- Cassava Program Asia Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Vientiane P.O. Box 783, Laos
| | - Rafael Rodriguez
- Cassava Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Sok Sophearith
- Cassava Program Cambodia Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Phnom Penh 120904, Cambodia
| | - Al Imran Malik
- Cassava Program Asia Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Vientiane P.O. Box 783, Laos
| | - Wilmer J Cuellar
- Cassava Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
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Kirdat K, Tiwarekar B, Sathe S, Yadav A. From sequences to species: Charting the phytoplasma classification and taxonomy in the era of taxogenomics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123783. [PMID: 36970684 PMCID: PMC10033645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplasma taxonomy has been a topic of discussion for the last two and half decades. Since the Japanese scientists discovered the phytoplasma bodies in 1967, the phytoplasma taxonomy was limited to disease symptomology for a long time. The advances in DNA-based markers and sequencing improved phytoplasma classification. In 2004, the International Research Programme on Comparative Mycoplasmology (IRPCM)- Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team – Phytoplasma taxonomy group provided the description of the provisional genus ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ with guidelines to describe the new provisional phytoplasma species. The unintentional consequences of these guidelines led to the description of many phytoplasma species where species characterization was restricted to a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene alone. Additionally, the lack of a complete set of housekeeping gene sequences or genome sequences, as well as the heterogeneity among closely related phytoplasmas limited the development of a comprehensive Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) system. To address these issues, researchers tried deducing the definition of phytoplasma species using phytoplasmas genome sequences and the average nucleotide identity (ANI). In another attempts, a new phytoplasma species were described based on the Overall Genome relatedness Values (OGRI) values fetched from the genome sequences. These studies align with the attempts to standardize the classification and nomenclature of ‘Candidatus’ bacteria. With a brief historical account of phytoplasma taxonomy and recent developments, this review highlights the current issues and provides recommendations for a comprehensive system for phytoplasma taxonomy until phytoplasma retains ‘Candidatus’ status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kirdat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Department of Microbiology, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, India
| | - Bhavesh Tiwarekar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shivaji Sathe
- Department of Microbiology, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, India
| | - Amit Yadav
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Yadav, ,
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9
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Hutson KS, Davidson IC, Bennett J, Poulin R, Cahill PL. Assigning cause for emerging diseases of aquatic organisms. Trends Microbiol 2023:S0966-842X(23)00031-8. [PMID: 36841735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the cause of disease (= aetiology) in aquatic organisms is a challenging but essential goal, heightened by increasing disease prevalence in a changing climate and an interconnected world of anthropogenic pathogen spread. Emerging diseases play important roles in evolutionary ecology, wildlife conservation, the seafood industry, recreation, cultural practices, and human health. As we emerge from a global pandemic of zoonotic origin, we must focus on timely diagnosis to confirm aetiology and enable response to diseases in aquatic ecosystems. Those systems' resilience, and our own sustainable use of seafood, depend on it. Synchronising traditional and recent advances in microbiology that span ecological, veterinary, and medical fields will enable definitive assignment of risk factors and causal agents for better biosecurity management and healthier aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Hutson
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St East, Nelson, New Zealand; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| | - Ian C Davidson
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St East, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Jerusha Bennett
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Miles A, Hoy C. Editorial: Achieving food system resilience and equity in the era of global environmental change. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1126013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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11
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Lachguer K, El Merzougui S, Boudadi I, Laktib A, Ben El Caid M, Ramdan B, Boubaker H, Serghini MA. Major Phytochemical Compounds, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Six Aqueous and Organic Extracts of Crocus sativus L. Flower Waste. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2022; 14:1571-1587. [PMID: 36415821 PMCID: PMC9672647 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-022-01964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE After being considered as a neglected product, agricultural waste is nowadays considered of paramount importance. It has become a source of many chemical compounds with industrial, pharmaceutical, and food applications. This study aims to evaluate the primary phytochemical content, the antioxidant properties, and the antimicrobial activities of different extracts of saffron flower waste (SFE) against bacterial and fungal strains involved in diverse pathologies in southern Morocco. METHODS Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant potentials were assessed by DPPH, FRAP, and β-carotene assays. The antimicrobial activity against four bacteria and four fungi was also evaluated. The findings in terms of the relationships between phytochemical content and all activities were depicted by PCA analyses. RESULTS SFEs contained large amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds that contribute to the significant antioxidant activities. Diethyl ether (DE), n-Butanol (n-B), and Ethyl acetate (EA) fractions respectively exhibited more DPPH scavenging capacity, FRAP reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. DE and EA have a remarkable effect mainly against Staphylococcus aureus strain, compared to Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both SFEs showed antifungal antagonism towards key fungi species involved in post-harvest mold and crop yield losses. Botrytis cinerea was more susceptible than Fusarium solani, Penicillium expansum, and Penicillium digitatum. CONCLUSION These results reveal new data about extracts obtained from SFE that could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents opening new possibilities for their applications in the food system as a natural preservative and a sustainable alternative to conventional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Lachguer
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 8106 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Soumaya El Merzougui
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 8106 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Imane Boudadi
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 8106 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Asma Laktib
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 8106 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ben El Caid
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 8106 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Btissam Ramdan
- Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essâadi University, Plant Biotechnology Team, 93000 Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Hassan Boubaker
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 8106 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Amine Serghini
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 8106 Agadir, Morocco
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12
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Molecular Detection of Southern Tomato Amalgavirus Prevalent in Tomatoes and Its Genomic Characterization with Global Evolutionary Dynamics. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112481. [PMID: 36366579 PMCID: PMC9693158 DOI: 10.3390/v14112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern tomato amalgavirus (STV) is a cryptic pathogen that is abundant in tomato production fields and intensifies the resurgence of tomato yellow stunt disease (ToYSD), together with other phytoviruses. Here, we mapped the geographical and genomic diversity, phylogenetics, and evolutionary dynamics of STV. We found that STV prevailed across China and Pakistan, with a maximum average rate of infection of 43.19% in Beijing, China, and 40.08% in Punjab, Pakistan. Subsequently, we amplified, cloned, and annotated the complete genome sequences of STV isolates from Solanum lycopersicum L. in China (OP548653 and OP548652) and Pakistan (MT066231) using Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS). These STV isolates displayed close evolutionary relationships with others from Asia, America, and Europe. Whole-genome-based molecular diversity analysis showed that STV populations had 33 haplotypes with a gene diversity (Hd) of 0.977 and a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00404. The genetic variability of RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) was higher than that of the putative coat protein (CP) p42. Further analysis revealed that STV isolates were likely to be recombinant but with a lower-to-moderate level of confidence. With a variable distribution pattern of positively and negatively selected sites, negative selection pressure predominantly acted on p42 and RdRp. These findings elaborated on the molecular variability and evolutionary trends among STV populations across major tomato-producing regions of the world.
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13
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Leifels M, Khalilur Rahman O, Sam IC, Cheng D, Chua FJD, Nainani D, Kim SY, Ng WJ, Kwok WC, Sirikanchana K, Wuertz S, Thompson J, Chan YF. The one health perspective to improve environmental surveillance of zoonotic viruses: lessons from COVID-19 and outlook beyond. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:107. [PMID: 36338866 PMCID: PMC9618154 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The human population has doubled in the last 50 years from about 3.7 billion to approximately 7.8 billion. With this rapid expansion, more people live in close contact with wildlife, livestock, and pets, which in turn creates increasing opportunities for zoonotic diseases to pass between animals and people. At present an estimated 75% of all emerging virus-associated infectious diseases possess a zoonotic origin, and outbreaks of Zika, Ebola and COVID-19 in the past decade showed their huge disruptive potential on the global economy. Here, we describe how One Health inspired environmental surveillance campaigns have emerged as the preferred tools to monitor human-adjacent environments for known and yet to be discovered infectious diseases, and how they can complement classical clinical diagnostics. We highlight the importance of environmental factors concerning interactions between animals, pathogens and/or humans that drive the emergence of zoonoses, and the methodologies currently proposed to monitor them-the surveillance of wastewater, for example, was identified as one of the main tools to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by public health professionals and policy makers during the COVID-19 pandemic. One-Health driven approaches that facilitate surveillance, thus harbour the potential of preparing humanity for future pandemics caused by aetiological agents with environmental reservoirs. Via the example of COVID-19 and other viral diseases, we propose that wastewater surveillance is a useful complement to clinical diagnosis as it is centralized, robust, cost-effective, and relatively easy to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Leifels
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Omar Khalilur Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dan Cheng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Jun Desmond Chua
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dhiraj Nainani
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Se Yeon Kim
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Ng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Chiew Kwok
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwanrawee Sirikanchana
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janelle Thompson
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Hendriks SL, Montgomery H, Benton T, Badiane O, Castro de la Mata G, Fanzo J, Guinto RR, Soussana JF. Global environmental climate change, covid-19, and conflict threaten food security and nutrition. BMJ 2022; 378:e071534. [PMID: 36175028 PMCID: PMC9517945 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl L Hendriks
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Fanzo
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Washington DC 20036, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Ramon R Guinto
- Sunway Center for Planetary Health, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
- Planetary and Global Health Program, St. Luke's Medical Center College of Medicine-William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jean-François Soussana
- International, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Paris, France
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15
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Boeger WA, Brooks DR, Trivellone V, Agosta SJ, Hoberg EP. Ecological super-spreaders drive host-range oscillations: Omicron and risk space for emerging infectious disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1280-e1288. [PMID: 35411706 PMCID: PMC9115439 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The unusual genetic diversity of the Omicron strain has led to speculation about its origin. The mathematical modelling platform developed for the Stockholm Paradigm (SP) indicates strongly that it has retro-colonized humans from an unidentified nonhuman mammal, likely originally infected by humans. The relationship between Omicron and all other SARS-CoV-2 variants indicates oscillations among hosts, a core part of the SP. Such oscillations result from the emergence of novel variants following colonization of new hosts, replenishing and expanding the risk space for disease emergence. The SP predicts that pathogens colonize new hosts using pre-existing capacities. Those events are thus predictable to a certain extent. Novel variants emerge after a colonization and are not predictable. This makes it imperative to take proactive measures for anticipating emerging infectious diseases (EID) and mitigating their impact. The SP suggests a policy protocol, DAMA, to accomplish this goal. DAMA comprises: DOCUMENT to detect pathogens before they emerge in new places or colonize new hosts; ASSESS to determine risk; MONITOR to detect changes in pathogen populations that increase the risk of outbreaks and ACT to prevent outbreaks when possible and minimize their impact when they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter A. Boeger
- Biological InteractionsUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
| | - Daniel R. Brooks
- Eötvös Loránd Research NetworkCentre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of EvolutionBudapestHungary
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced StudyStellenboschSouth Africa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Salvatore J. Agosta
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced StudyStellenboschSouth Africa
- Center for Environmental StudiesVCU Life SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Eric P. Hoberg
- Department of Pathobiological SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Museum of Southwestern BiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
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16
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Nehra M, Kumar V, Kumar R, Dilbaghi N, Kumar S. Current Scenario of Pathogen Detection Techniques in Agro-Food Sector. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:489. [PMID: 35884292 PMCID: PMC9313409 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past-decade, agricultural products (such as vegetables and fruits) have been reported as the major vehicles for foodborne diseases, which are limiting food resources. The spread of infectious diseases due to foodborne pathogens poses a global threat to human health and the economy. The accurate and timely detection of infectious disease and of causative pathogens is crucial in the prevention and treatment of disease. Negligence in the detection of pathogenic substances can be catastrophic and lead to a pandemic. Despite the revolution in health diagnostics, much attention has been paid to the agro-food sector regarding the detection of food contaminants (such as pathogens). The conventional analytical techniques for pathogen detection are reliable and still in operation. However, laborious procedures and time-consuming detection via these approaches emphasize the need for simple, easy-to-use, and affordable detection techniques. The rapid detection of pathogens from food is essential to avoid the morbidity and mortality originating from the suboptimal nature of empiric pathogen treatment. This review critically discusses both the conventional and emerging bio-molecular approaches for pathogen detection in agro-food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India; (M.N.); (V.K.); (N.D.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India; (M.N.); (V.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India; (M.N.); (V.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India; (M.N.); (V.K.); (N.D.)
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17
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Cruz-Laufer AJ, Artois T, Koblmüller S, Pariselle A, Smeets K, Van Steenberge M, Vanhove MPM. Explosive networking: The role of adaptive host radiations and ecological opportunity in a species-rich host-parasite assembly. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1795-1812. [PMID: 35726545 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many species-rich ecological communities emerge from adaptive radiation events. Yet the effects of adaptive radiation on community assembly remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the well-documented radiations of African cichlid fishes and their interactions with the flatworm gill parasites Cichlidogyrus spp., including 10,529 reported infections and 477 different host-parasite combinations collected through a survey of peer-reviewed literature. We assess how evolutionary, ecological, and morphological parameters determine host-parasite meta-communities affected by adaptive radiation events through network metrics, host repertoire measures, and network link prediction. The hosts' evolutionary history mostly determined host repertoires of the parasites. Ecological and evolutionary parameters predicted host-parasite interactions. Generally, ecological opportunity and fitting have shaped cichlid-Cichlidogyrus meta-communities suggesting an invasive potential for hosts used in aquaculture. Meta-communities affected by adaptive radiations are increasingly specialised with higher environmental stability. These trends should be verified across other systems to infer generalities in the evolution of species-rich host-parasite networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando J Cruz-Laufer
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Artois
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Antoine Pariselle
- ISEM, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory "Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome", Research Centre "Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment", Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karen Smeets
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maarten Van Steenberge
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Trivellone V, Hoberg EP, Boeger WA, Brooks DR. Food security and emerging infectious disease: risk assessment and risk management. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211687. [PMID: 35223062 PMCID: PMC8847898 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and food security create a dangerous nexus. Habitat interfaces, assumed to be efficient buffers, are being disrupted by human activities which in turn accelerate the movement of pathogens. EIDs threaten directly and indirectly availability and access to nutritious food, affecting global security and human health. In the next 70 years, food-secure and food-insecure countries will face EIDs driving increasingly unsustainable costs of production, predicted to exceed national and global gross domestic products. Our modern challenge is to transform this business as usual and embrace an alternative vision of the biosphere formalized in the Stockholm paradigm (SP). First, a pathogen-centric focus shifts our vision of risk space, determining how pathogens circulate in realized and potential fitness space. Risk space and pathogen exchange are always heightened at habitat interfaces. Second, apply the document-assess-monitor-act (DAMA) protocol developing strategic data for EID risk, to be translated, synthesized and broadcast as actionable information. Risk management is realized through targeted interventions focused around information exchanged among a community of scientists, policy practitioners of food and public health security and local populations. Ultimately, SP and DAMA protect human rights, supporting food security, access to nutritious food, health interventions and environmental integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Eric P. Hoberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53716, USA
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Walter A. Boeger
- Biological Interactions, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx Postal 19073, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Daniel R. Brooks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto (emeritus), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588-0514, USA
- Institute for Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina ut 29, Budapest, Hungary H-1113
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19
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Evidence of bovine leukemia virus circulating in sheep and buffaloes in Colombia: insights into multispecies infection. Arch Virol 2021; 167:807-817. [PMID: 34762149 PMCID: PMC8581130 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of leukemia/lymphoma in cattle. However, previous evidence has shown its presence in other species of livestock as well as in humans, suggesting that other species can be accidental hosts of the virus. In viral infections, receptors that are common to different animal species are proposed to be involved in cross-species infections. For BLV, AP3D1 has been proposed to be its receptor, and this protein is conserved in most mammalian species. In Colombia, BLV has been reported in cattle with high prevalence rates, but there has been no evidence of BLV infections in other animal species. In this study, we tested for the virus in sheep (n = 44) and buffaloes (n = 61) from different regions of Colombia by nested PCR, using peripheral blood samples collected from the animals. BLV was found in 25.7% of the animals tested (12 buffaloes and 15 sheep), and the results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In addition, to gain more information about the capacity of the virus to infect these species, the predicted interactions of AP3D1 of sheep and buffaloes with the BLV-gp51 protein were analyzed in silico. Conserved amino acids in the binding domains of the proteins were identified. The detection of BLV in sheep and buffaloes suggests circulation of the virus in multiple species, which could be involved in dissemination of the virus in mixed livestock production settings. Due to the presence of the virus in multiple species and the high prevalence rates observed, integrated prevention and control strategies in the livestock industry should be considered to decrease the spread of BLV.
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20
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Baur P, Lundén J, Jay-Russell M. Editorial: Conflicts and Compromises Between Food Safety Policies and Environmental Sustainability. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.768396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Soft X-ray Microscopy Techniques for Medical and Biological Imaging at TwinMic—Elettra. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Progress in nanotechnology calls for material probing techniques of high sensitivity and resolution. Such techniques are also used for high-impact studies of nanoscale materials in medicine and biology. Soft X-ray microscopy has been successfully used for investigating complex biological processes occurring at micrometric and sub-micrometric length scales and is one of the most powerful tools in medicine and the life sciences. Here, we present the capabilities of the TwinMic soft X-ray microscopy end-station at the Elettra synchrotron in the context of medical and biological imaging, while we also describe novel uses and developments.
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22
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Leveraging natural history biorepositories as a global, decentralized, pathogen surveillance network. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009583. [PMID: 34081744 PMCID: PMC8174688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic reveals a major gap in global biosecurity infrastructure: a lack of publicly available biological samples representative across space, time, and taxonomic diversity. The shortfall, in this case for vertebrates, prevents accurate and rapid identification and monitoring of emerging pathogens and their reservoir host(s) and precludes extended investigation of ecological, evolutionary, and environmental associations that lead to human infection or spillover. Natural history museum biorepositories form the backbone of a critically needed, decentralized, global network for zoonotic pathogen surveillance, yet this infrastructure remains marginally developed, underutilized, underfunded, and disconnected from public health initiatives. Proactive detection and mitigation for emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) requires expanded biodiversity infrastructure and training (particularly in biodiverse and lower income countries) and new communication pipelines that connect biorepositories and biomedical communities. To this end, we highlight a novel adaptation of Project ECHO’s virtual community of practice model: Museums and Emerging Pathogens in the Americas (MEPA). MEPA is a virtual network aimed at fostering communication, coordination, and collaborative problem-solving among pathogen researchers, public health officials, and biorepositories in the Americas. MEPA now acts as a model of effective international, interdisciplinary collaboration that can and should be replicated in other biodiversity hotspots. We encourage deposition of wildlife specimens and associated data with public biorepositories, regardless of original collection purpose, and urge biorepositories to embrace new specimen sources, types, and uses to maximize strategic growth and utility for EID research. Taxonomically, geographically, and temporally deep biorepository archives serve as the foundation of a proactive and increasingly predictive approach to zoonotic spillover, risk assessment, and threat mitigation.
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23
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Trivellone V, Wei W, Filippin L, Dietrich CH. Screening potential insect vectors in a museum biorepository reveals undiscovered diversity of plant pathogens in natural areas. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6493-6503. [PMID: 34141234 PMCID: PMC8207438 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplasmas (Mollicutes, Acholeplasmataceae), vector-borne obligate bacterial plant parasites, infect nearly 1,000 plant species and unknown numbers of insects, mainly leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Deltocephalinae), which play a key role in transmission and epidemiology. Although the plant-phytoplasma-insect association has been evolving for >300 million years, nearly all known phytoplasmas have been discovered as a result of the damage inflicted by phytoplasma diseases on crops. Few efforts have been made to study phytoplasmas occurring in noneconomically important plants in natural habitats. In this study, a subsample of leafhopper specimens preserved in a large museum biorepository was analyzed to unveil potential new associations. PCR screening for phytoplasmas performed on 227 phloem-feeding leafhoppers collected worldwide from natural habitats revealed the presence of 6 different previously unknown phytoplasma strains. This indicates that museum collections of herbivorous insects represent a rich and largely untapped resource for discovery of new plant pathogens, that natural areas worldwide harbor a diverse but largely undiscovered diversity of phytoplasmas and potential insect vectors, and that independent epidemiological cycles occur in such habitats, posing a potential threat of disease spillover into agricultural systems. Larger-scale future investigations will contribute to a better understanding of phytoplasma genetic diversity, insect host range, and insect-borne phytoplasma transmission and provide an early warning for the emergence of new phytoplasma diseases across global agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research InstituteUniversity of IllinoisChampaignILUSA
| | - Wei Wei
- Molecular Plant Pathology LaboratoryBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Luisa Filippin
- CREA–VECouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsResearch Centre for Viticulture and EnologyConegliano, TrevisoItaly
| | - Christopher H. Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research InstituteUniversity of IllinoisChampaignILUSA
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