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Park SA, Sledge D, Monahan CF, Teixeira L, Boyd R, Freeman K, Koehl K, Harman C, Munoz K, Occelli LM, Pirie CG, Davidson H, Petersen-Jones S, Komáromy AM. Atypical chorioretinal lesions in Siberian Husky dogs with primary angle-closure glaucoma: a case series. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:182. [PMID: 35578341 PMCID: PMC9109312 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of etiologies for different canine chorioretinal lesions have been proved or suggested but some fundic lesions remain unclear in terms of an etiologic diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis. The purpose of this case series is to describe atypical chorioretinal lesions observed in dogs with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). CASE PRESENTATION Two spayed-female Siberian Huskies (3- and 4-year-old) and one Siberian Husky/Australian Shepherd mixed breed dog (11-month-old) that had multifocal depigmented retinal lesions and PACG were included. PROCEDURES Ophthalmic examination, gross, and histopathologic examination findings are described. One of the dogs underwent further clinical diagnostics. Advanced clinical diagnostics on the fellow, presumed to be non-glaucomatous eye of a dog revealed: pectinate ligament dysplasia by gonioscopy, retinal thinning in the depigmented area and wedge shaped retinal thinning with delayed choroidal vascular perfusion by optical coherence tomography, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Quantifiable maze testing for the same eye revealed mild nyctalopia but the full-field electroretinogram showed no generalized decrease of retinal function. Genetic testing for mutations within the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator gene causing X-linked progressive retinal atrophy in Siberian Huskies was negative. Histopathologic evaluations on enucleated eyes in two dogs confirmed goniodysgenesis, PACG with optic nerve head cupping, and diffuse inner retinal atrophy. In addition, segmental profound retinal atrophy, loss of retinal pigment epithelium, and adhesion of the retina to Bruch's membrane was observed and coincided with multifocal depigmented lesions noted on fundic examination. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first case series with clinical and histopathologic data of chorioretinal lesions, most likely caused by severely impaired choroidal perfusion. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the etiology and pathophysiology, including its possible association with PACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ae Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
| | - Dodd Sledge
- Michigan State University Diagnostic Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Colleen F Monahan
- Michigan State University Diagnostic Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Leandro Teixeira
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan Boyd
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Katie Freeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kristin Koehl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Christine Harman
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kirk Munoz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Laurence M Occelli
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Chris G Pirie
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Harriet Davidson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Simon Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - András M Komáromy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Gray AP, Sato Y, Miyadera K, Aguirre GD. Novel insights into chorioretinal and juxtapapillary colobomas by optical coherence tomography. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25 Suppl 1:136-143. [PMID: 35092136 PMCID: PMC9247035 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to describe the in vivo microanatomy of typical and atypical chorioretinal and juxtapapillary colobomas in the dog. METHODS Three cross-breed dogs were found to be affected with colobomas. Two of the cases were NEHJ1 homozygous and Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) affected and had the typical optic nerve head colobomas seen with the disease. The third case had an unexpected atypical coloboma. In vivo retinal photography and non-invasive retinal imaging by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were done, and the eye affected with the atypical coloboma was collected and processed for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS The majority of the defining features within the CEA defects were similar, with the extent of change to the choroid being of note. Similar to the first two cases, the atypical coloboma demonstrated absent normal retina, RPE, and choroid within the coloboma. Prominent intercalary membranes and vitreal strands attached to the depth of the coloboma were also apparent in all affected eyes. However, unlike the CEA-associated colobomas, the atypical coloboma possessed normal choroid surrounding the lesion and the depth of the lesion was apparent throughout. CONCLUSIONS Advanced retinal imaging enables the appreciation of microanatomical changes that occur in the living eye. The ability of OCT to enhance visualization of abnormal retinal structures and detect subtle neurosensory retinal defects has allowed for the in vivo characterization of features observed in typical and atypical colobomas, as well as the appreciation of some of the resulting structural changes not visible by ophthalmoscopy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa P Gray
- Section of Ophthalmology and Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Sato
- Section of Ophthalmology and Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keiko Miyadera
- Section of Ophthalmology and Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gustavo D Aguirre
- Section of Ophthalmology and Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Graham KL, Johnson PJ, Barry EF, Pérez Orrico M, Soligo DJ, Lawlor M, White A. Diffusion tensor imaging of the visual pathway in dogs with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 24 Suppl 1:63-74. [PMID: 32990378 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe measurements of in vivo structures of the visual pathway beyond the retina and optic nerve head associated with canine primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS A prospective pilot study was conducted using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to obtain quantitative measures of the optic nerve, chiasm, tract, and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in dogs with and without PACG. 3-Tesla DTI was performed on six affected dogs and five breed, age- and sex-matched controls. DTI indices of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, and LGN were compared between normal, unilateral PACG, and bilateral PACG groups. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess intra-observer reliability. RESULTS Quantitative measurements of the optic nerve, optic tract, optic chiasm, and LGN were obtained in all dogs. There was a trend for reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) associated with disease for all structures assessed. Compared to the same structure in normal dogs, FA, and radial diffusivity (RD) of the optic nerve was consistently higher in the unaffected eye in dogs with unilateral PACG. Intra-observer reliability was excellent for measurements of the optic nerve (ICC: 0.92), good for measurements of the optic tract (ICC: 0.89) and acceptable for measures of the optic chiasm (ICC: 0.71) and lateral geniculate nuclei (ICC: 0.76). CONCLUSION Diffusivity and anisotropy measures provide a quantifiable means to evaluate the visual pathway in dogs. DTI has potential to provide in vivo measures of axonal and myelin injury and transsynaptic degeneration in canine PACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Graham
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Erica F Barry
- Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mitchell Lawlor
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew White
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Graham KL, McCowan CI, Caruso K, Billson FM, Whittaker CJG, White A. Optical coherence tomography of the retina, nerve fiber layer, and optic nerve head in dogs with glaucoma. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 23:97-112. [PMID: 31297979 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the retina and optic nerve head (ONH) in canine eyes predisposed to glaucoma using optical coherence tomography (OCT). ANIMALS Twenty-five eyes (24 dogs). METHODS Measures of peripapillary retinal, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and ONH parameters were obtained in vivo by OCT of the unaffected eye in dogs diagnosed with unilateral primary glaucoma (predisposed; n = 12) and compared with measures of healthy control eyes (normal; n = 13). Repeatability and intrarater reliability were explored using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS Compared to normal eyes, predisposed eyes had a thinner retina in the temporal (P = 0.005), inferior quadrants (P = 0.003), and decreased inner retinal thickness (superior: P = 0.003, temporal: P = 0.001, inferior: P < 0.001, nasal: P = 0.001). Predisposed eyes had a thinner RNFL compared to normal eyes (P = 0.005), and when analyzed in quadrants, it was thinner in the superior (P < 0.001), temporal (P = 0.034), and nasal quadrants (P = 0.001). Repeatability (ICC 0.763-0.835) and intrarater reliability (ICC 0.824-0.942) were good to excellent for measures of retinal thickness and adequate for RNFL measurements (ICC 0.701-0.798). Reliable measurements of optic disk area were obtained and were similar between groups (P = 0.597). Measurements of parameters relying on automated software detection (GCC, optic cup, optic rim) had inadequate repeatability and reliability. CONCLUSION Statistically significant differences in retinal and RNFL thicknesses were identified in normal and predisposed eyes. Reliable and consistent measurements of variables with manual adjustment of software detected parameters were obtained. Validation of OCT as a diagnostic tool for clinical assessment in canine glaucoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Graham
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina I McCowan
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly Caruso
- Eye Clinic for Animals, Crows Nest, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Mark Billson
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrew White
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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