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Kang J, Lee S, Heo S, Kim N. Accuracy of a 3-dimensionally printed custom endoscopy port for minimally invasive ventral slot decompression in dogs: A cadaveric study. Vet Surg 2023; 52:1158-1170. [PMID: 36938921 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of a 3-dimensionally (3D)-printed custom endoscopy port (3DEP) for minimally invasive cervical ventral slot decompression. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study. ANIMALS Fifteen cadavers of dogs weighing between 3.1 and 34.4 kg. METHODS Minimally invasive cervical ventral slots were created using a 3DEP and an endoscopic system at the C3-C4 intervertebral disc space in each dog by 1 experienced and 1 inexperienced surgeon. Postoperative computed tomography was performed to compare the planned and postoperative screw trajectories (angle, entry point, exit point, and length of the screw entering the spinal canal) and quantify slot formation dimensions. RESULTS Thirty screws were inserted in 30 vertebral bodies. Mean screw angle deviation was less than 2.5°, entry and exit point deviation was less than 1.6 mm, and length of the screw entering the spinal canal was less than 0.6 mm. No differences were identified between the experienced and inexperienced surgeons. Ventral slot length ratio was 30.15 ± 1.86 for the experienced surgeon and 29.38 ± 1.61 for the inexperienced surgeon (p = .372). The mean ventral slot width ratio was 45.60 ± 1.80 for the experienced surgeon and 47.20 ± 1.54 for the inexperienced surgeon (p = .261). CONCLUSION Screw positioning and creation of ventral slots were accurately performed using the 3DEP by both inexperienced and experienced surgeons. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of a 3DEP for minimally invasive cervical ventral slot decompression may be an alternative to the conventional ventral slot in dogs. Additional studies are needed to evaluate efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Kang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungeon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Heo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Kang J, Lee S, Kim N, Heo S. Minimally invasive mini-hemilaminectomy-corpectomy in cadaveric dogs: evaluation of the accuracy and safety of a three-dimensionally printed patient-specific surgical guide. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:271. [PMID: 35831862 PMCID: PMC9277833 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the frequency of spine surgery increases in the veterinary field, many studies have been conducted on minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). Although many studies have been conducted on the thoracolumbar spine about MISS in animals, several problems and limitations have emerged regarding this method. Therefore, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific surgical guide (3DPSSG) using 3D printing technology to overcome these problems. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of the 3DPSSG in minimally invasive mini-hemilaminectomy-corpectomy (MI-MHC). MI-MHC using 3DPSSG and an endoscopic system was performed at L1–L2 in 15 cadaveric dogs. The procedure of fixing the surgical guide to the vertebral body through screws and the surgical procedure using the guide were performed by two surgeons with different experiences. Postoperative computed tomography was used to measure planned and postoperative screw trajectories (angle, protruding from the far cortex) and to create 3D rendering images of vertebrae to evaluate the direction of bone window formation, corpectomy slot length, depth, and height ratio. Results The two groups which performed by two surgeons with different experiences did not differ in terms of screw angle deviation and length of the screw protruded from the far cortex. The corpectomy slot-length ratio was not different between the two groups; however, the slot-depth and height ratios were different. Conclusions No differences were detected in screw trajectory and corpectomy slot-length ratio between the two groups. The 3DPSSG for MI-MHC is classified as accurate and safe; therefore, it can be an alternative to the conventional technique in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Kang
- Institutional Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungeon Lee
- Institutional Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsoo Kim
- Institutional Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Heo
- Institutional Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Guevar J, Samer ES, Precht C, Rathmann JM, Forterre F. Accuracy and Safety of Neuronavigation for Minimally Invasive Stabilization in the Thoracolumbar Spine Using Polyaxial Screws-Rod: A Canine Cadaveric Proof of Concept. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2022; 35:370-380. [PMID: 35760365 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of minimally invasive stabilization with polyaxial screws-rod using neuronavigation and to assess accuracy and safety of percutaneous drilling of screw corridors using neuronavigation in thoracolumbar spine and compare it between an experienced and a novice surgeon. STUDY DESIGN Feasibility of minimally invasive polyaxial screws-rod fixation using neuronavigation was first performed in the thoracolumbar spine of two dogs. Accuracy and safety of drilling screw corridors percutaneously by two surgeons from T8 to L7 in a large breed dog using neuronavigation were established by comparing entry and exit points coordinates deviations on multiplanar reconstructions between preoperative and postoperative datasets and using a vertebral cortical breach grading scheme. RESULTS Feasibility of minimally invasive stabilization was demonstrated. For the experienced surgeon, safety was 100% and mean (standard deviation) entry point deviations were 0.3 mm (0.8 mm) lateral, 1.3 mm (0.8 mm) ventral and 0.7 mm (1.8 mm) caudal. The exit points deviations were 0.8 mm (1.9 mm) lateral, 0.02 mm (0.9 mm) dorsal and 0.7 mm (2.0 mm) caudal. Significant difference in accuracy between surgeons was found in the thoracic region but not in the lumbar region. Accuracy and safety improvement are noted for the thoracic region when procedures were repeated by the novice. CONCLUSION This proof of concept demonstrates that using neuronavigation, minimally invasive stabilization with polyaxial screws-rod is feasible and safe in a large breed dog model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guevar
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva S Samer
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina Precht
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Franck Forterre
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Kamishina H, Nakano Y, Nakata K, Kimura S, Nozue Y, Drury AG, Maeda S. Microendoscopic Dorsal Laminectomy for Multi-Level Cervical Intervertebral Disc Protrusions in Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9010018. [PMID: 35051102 PMCID: PMC8781000 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of microendoscopic dorsal laminectomy for multi-level cervical intervertebral disc protrusions in dogs. Eight client-owned dogs diagnosed with multi-level cervical intervertebral disc protrusions using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in this retrospective case series. Microendoscopic dorsal laminectomies (MEL) were performed with an integrated endoscopic system to the cranial and caudal vertebrae of the affected intervertebral joints. Pre- and post-operative neurological status, operation time, intra-operative complications, and postoperative complications were reviewed. Post-operative CT images were obtained to measure the dimensions of laminectomy and compared to those of planned laminectomy. Full endoscopic procedures were feasible in 7 dogs (87.5%) and the laminectomy dimensions were in agreement with pre-operative planning. In all dogs, major intra- and postoperative complications did not occur. Conversion to open surgery was required in one case. Short-term postoperative clinical deterioration was found in two dogs. Long-term clinical outcomes were good and comparable to those reported in previous studies of open dorsal laminectomies. MEL is a promising minimally invasive approach to multi-level cervical dorsal laminectomy for intervertebral disc protrusions. This technique may improve postoperative discomfort compared to the open approach. Further studies are needed to directly compare outcomes between these two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kamishina
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- The Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.N.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-582932865
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- The Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kohei Nakata
- The Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- The Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuta Nozue
- The Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Adam G. Drury
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- The Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.N.); (Y.N.)
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Microendoscopic Mini-Hemilaminectomy and Discectomy in Acute Thoracolumbar Disc Extrusion Dogs: A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100241. [PMID: 34679071 PMCID: PMC8539036 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of a microendoscopic laminectomy and discectomy (MED) for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions in dogs. Eleven client-owned dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions were included in this retrospective case-series. Dogs were diagnosed with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MED was performed with an integrated endoscopic system to the affected intervertebral disc. Surgery time, intra-operative complications, causes of conversion to microscopic surgery if necessary, post-operative complications, and neurological status on presentation at discharge, as well as any further evaluations in hospital, and long-term concerns via owner contact, were recorded. Post-operative CT images were obtained to compare the extent of laminectomy performed to the planned region of laminectomy. The fully endoscopic procedure was completed in eight dogs without major complications. Three cases were converted to an open surgery due to difficulty removing extruded disc material and controlling hemorrhage. The clinical outcome was good in all cases and equivalent to previously reported prognoses after open surgery. MED is an effective and safe alternative to conventional open procedures in dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion.
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Guevar J, Zidan N, Durand A, Olby NJ. Minimally invasive spine surgery in dogs: Evaluation of the safety and feasibility of a thoracolumbar approach to the spinal cord. Vet Surg 2020; 49 Suppl 1:O76-O85. [PMID: 31998976 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the safety and feasibility of a minimally invasive spine surgery technique to access the thoracolumbar vertebral canal in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS Six healthy research dogs. METHODS Dogs were placed under anesthesia for MRI to evaluate vertebral column and spinal cord integrity. Minimally invasive surgery was performed at multiple sites. Access to the vertebral canal was achieved by means of foraminotomy, discectomy, and lateral minicorpectomy by using minimally invasive access and a surgical microscope. Sequential neurological examinations, pressure algometry pain quantification, and creatine kinase levels were evaluated before and after surgery for 7 days. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and histopathology were performed on day 6 postoperatively after animals were humanely killed to evaluate the impact of surgery on spinal cord, muscles, and bone. RESULTS The vertebral canal was successfully accessed, and the ventral aspect of the spinal cord was identified at all sites. No neurological deterioration was observed. Postoperative pain was not different compared with baseline except in one dog on the day after surgery. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive spine surgery was a safe and feasible technique to access the thoracolumbar vertebral canal and the ventral aspect of the spinal cord in dogs. Findings supported postoperative pain benefits. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Minimally invasive spine surgery is a valid surgical technique to access the thoracolumbar vertebral canal at single or multiple sites in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guevar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Natalia Zidan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Alexane Durand
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Guevar J, Olby N. Minimally invasive microsurgical decompression of an intervertebral disc protrusion in a dog. Vet Surg 2019; 49 Suppl 1:O86-O92. [PMID: 31237005 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the successful treatment of intervertebral disc protrusion with minimally invasive microsurgery in a large breed dog. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case report. ANIMAL A 4-year-old, neutered male, German shepherd dog presented with chronic progressive ambulatory paraparesis and thoracolumbar pain; lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion and severe spinal cord compression at L2-L3 were diagnosed. METHODS A minimally invasive approach was used to access the target surgical area by using a muscle splitting technique and retractors. Intraoperative fluoroscopy confirmed correct placement. Magnification and illumination through a surgical microscope were used (microsurgery) to perform the spinal cord decompression by means of a foraminotomy and lateral corpectomy. RESULTS Technically, the combination of fluoroscopy and muscle splitting approach offered adequate minimally invasive access. Microsurgery allowed for precise and efficient spinal cord decompression. Clinically, no immediate postoperative neurological deterioration was observed. Opioid usage was limited to 24 hours postoperatively. Focal muscle swelling was observed postoperatively for 2 days, and hospital stay was 3 days. At 7 weeks postoperatively, neurological examination results were normal, and postoperative MRI confirmed spinal cord decompression. No complications were reported. CONCLUSION The procedure was associated with a small incision, limited muscle trauma, early improvement of the neurological status, a short hospital stay, and limited postoperative pain. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This case provides evidence that minimally invasive microsurgery is an effective treatment for intervertebral disc protrusion in large breed dogs and may offer benefits regarding postoperative pain and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guevar
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Natasha Olby
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Boursier JF, Fournet A, Bassanino J, Manassero M, Bedu AS, Leperlier D. Ultrasonography is more accurate than percutaneous palpation for identifying targeted thoracolumbar intervertebral disc spaces in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:749-757. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Fournet
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Unité de chirurgie; 94700 Maisons-Alfort France
| | - Jean Bassanino
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Pommery; Service de chirurgie; 51100 Reims France
| | - Mathieu Manassero
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Unité de chirurgie; 94700 Maisons-Alfort France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bedu
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Pommery; Service d'imagerie médicale; 51100 Reims France
| | - Dimitri Leperlier
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Pommery; Service de chirurgie; 51100 Reims France
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Moon HS, Hwang YH, Lee HC, Lee JH. Operative techniques of percutaneous endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy using a uniportal approach in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1532-1539. [PMID: 28757523 PMCID: PMC5627323 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the technical feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy via a uniportal approach, and to evaluate the possibility of decompression and endoscopic examination of the
thoracic and lumbar spinal canals in small dogs during such procedures. Fresh canine cadavers of mixed-breed dogs (n=7) were used in this study. Following injection of a barium and agarose mixture (BA-gel) to stimulate
intervertebral disc herniation, percutaneous endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy was performed using a lateral approach to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. BA-gel was removed to decompress the spinal cord using an elevator and
rongeurs after mini-hemilaminectomy. Pre and post-operative computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained to evaluate surgical outcomes. Intra-operative complications, incision length, and procedure time were recorded. All
procedures were completed with clear visualization of the spinal cord and floor of the spinal canal. The mean total operating time was 58.00 ± 18.06 min. Lengths of incision were under 1 cm in all dogs. Intra-operative
complications included iatrogenic nerve root injuries caused by the micro-rongeur in two dogs. CT imaging revealed that removal of BA-gel resulted in sufficient spinal cord decompression. Our findings indicated that percutaneous
endoscopic thoracolumbar mini-hemilaminectomy is feasible for spinal cord decompression and allows for adequate observation of the spinal canal. Thus, this technique may be an alternative surgical option for treatment of
thoracolumbar disk disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sup Moon
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52828, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Hwang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hee-Chun Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52828, South Korea
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