Augmenting Laparoscopic Surgery with Fluorescence Imaging

Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery is growing in veterinary medicine, in large part, due to the advantages associated with reduced pain, potential for decreased complications, and increased visualization of structures through magnification and illumination. With advancing technologies, we can now improve upon natural "white light" endoscopy with fluorescence-guided imaging. Near-infrared (NIR) cameras allow for real-time, high-definition visualization of vessels, anatomic structures, and perfusion. New uses of NIR technologies during laparoscopy are continuing to grow for vascular, lymphatic, and oncologic-related techniques. Limitations exist, and future efforts need to determine optimal dosing, tissue-specific fluorophores, and veterinary-specific techniques.

Comparison between intracorporeal and extracorporeal ligations in a laparoscopic ovariectomy model in dogs

OBJECTIVE

To compare the influence of extracorporeal and intracorporeal ligations on the duration of and complications associated with laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs.

STUDY DESIGN

Prospective randomized experimental study.

ANIMALS

Healthy intact female dogs (n = 18).

METHODS

The left and right ovarian pedicles of dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy were randomly assigned to intracorporeal (n = 18) or extracorporeal (n = 18) ligation groups. Surgeries were performed by two American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) diplomates and two ACVS residents. The time required to place extracorporeal and intracorporeal ligations, duration of surgery, and intraoperative complications were compared between ligation techniques. Postoperative complications were recorded.

RESULTS

The time required for intracorporeal ligation (17.3 ± 8.7 minutes) did not differ from that required for extracorporeal ligation (15.1 ± 6.1 minutes; P = .38). The total duration of surgery was 102.7 ± 28.7 minutes including portal placement and veterinary student closure of incisions. Ligation of the ovarian pedicle was successful in 16 of 17 dogs. Intraoperative hemorrhage occurred in three dogs, and postoperative complications were noted in three dogs, without apparent difference between ligation techniques.

CONCLUSION

No difference was identified between extracorporeal and intracorporeal ligations of ovarian pedicles.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

This study does not provide evidence to support one ligation technique rather than the other.

Canine and Feline Exudative Pleural Diseases

Exudative pleural diseases are a common cause of respiratory distress and systemic illness in dogs and cats. This article covers the pathophysiology, development, and classification of exudative pleural effusions. The most current diagnostic strategies, causes, imaging findings, and medical or surgical treatment options for select diseases are reviewed in detail.