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Jing MD, Ding YH, Ма YT. Description of three new species of Callyntrura (Japonphysa) (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from China with the aid of DNA barcoding. Zookeys 2023; 1187:237-260. [PMID: 38161716 PMCID: PMC10756065 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1187.109608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Callyntrura(s.l.) Börner, 1906 is the largest genus of the subfamily Salininae and contains 11 subgenera and 98 species from all over the world (mainly Asia), with eight species recorded from China. In the present paper, three new species of Callyntrura(s.l.) are described from China: C. (Japonphysa) xinjianensissp. nov.; C. (J.) tongguensissp. nov. and C. (J.) raoisp. nov. Their differences in colour pattern, chaetotaxy and other characters are slight, however distances of COI mtDNA support their validation as three new distinct species. A key to the Chinese Callyntrura(s.l.) is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Dong Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, ChinaNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yin-Huan Ding
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400, ChinaJiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and ForestryJurongChina
| | - Yi-Tong Ма
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, ChinaNantong UniversityNantongChina
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da Silva FL, Pinho LC, Stur E, Nihei SS, Ekrem T. DNA barcodes provide insights into the diversity and biogeography of the non-biting midge Polypedilum (Diptera, Chironomidae) in South America. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10602. [PMID: 37841227 PMCID: PMC10568203 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
South America, particularly within its tropical belt, is renowned for its unparalleled high levels of species richness, surpassing other major biomes. Certain neotropical areas harbor fragmented knowledge of insect diversity and face imminent threats from biodiversity loss and climate change. Hence, there is an urgent need for rapid estimation methods to complement slower traditional taxonomic approaches. A variety of algorithms for delimiting species through single-locus DNA barcodes have been developed and applied for rapid species diversity estimates across diverse taxa. However, tree-based and distance-based methods may yield different group assignments, leading to potential overestimation or underestimation of putative species. Here, we investigate the performance of different DNA-based species delimitation approaches to rapidly estimate the diversity of Polypedilum (Chironomidae, Diptera) in South America. Additionally, we test the hypothesis that significant differences exist in the community structure of Polypedilum fauna between South America and its neighboring regions, particularly the Nearctic. Our analysis encompasses a dataset of 1492 specimens from 598 locations worldwide, with a specific focus on South America. Within this region, we analyzed a subset of 247 specimens reported from 37 locations. Using various methods including the Barcode Index Number (BIN), Bayesian Poisson tree processes (bPTP), multi-rate Poisson tree processes (mPTP), single-rate Poisson tree processes (sPTP), and generalized mixed Yule coalescent (sGMYC), we identify molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) ranging from 267 to 520. Our results indicate that the sGMYC method is the most suitable for estimating putative species in our dataset, resulting in the identification of 75 species in the Neotropical region, particularly in South America. Notably, this region exhibited higher species richness in comparison to the Palearctic and Oriental realms. Additionally, our findings suggest potential differences in species composition of Polypedilum fauna between the Neotropical and the adjacent Nearctic realms, highlighting high levels of endemism and species richness in the first. These results support our hypothesis that there are substantial differences exist in species composition between the Polypedilum fauna in South America and the neighboring regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Laurindo da Silva
- Department of Natural HistoryNTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Present address:
Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Biodiversity and Ecology, Department of Zoology, Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Pinho
- Laboratory of Systematic of Diptera, Department of Ecology and ZoologyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisBrazil
| | - Elisabeth Stur
- Department of Natural HistoryNTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Silvio Shigueo Nihei
- Laboratory of Systematic and Biogeography of Insecta, Department of Zoology, Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Torbjørn Ekrem
- Department of Natural HistoryNTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
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Long K, Yin R, Kardol P, Wei Q, Li Y, Huang J. Bamboo invasion alters Collembola community composition varying with life-forms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2517-2526. [PMID: 36864785 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant invasions are a global concern. In eastern China, bamboo is rapidly expanding, negatively influencing neighbouring forest communities. However, studies on how bamboo invasion affects belowground communities, especially for soil invertebrates, are still lacking. In the present study, we focused on a highly abundant and diverse fauna taxon - Collembola. Collembola communities have three typical life-forms (i.e., epedaphic, hemiedaphic, and euedaphic) inhabiting different soil layers and playing distinct roles in ecological processes. Specifically, we studied their abundance, diversity, and community composition at the three stages of bamboo invasion: uninvaded secondary broadleaf forest, moderately invaded mixed bamboo forest, and completely invaded bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forest. RESULTS Our results showed that bamboo invasion negatively influenced Collembola communities by decreasing their abundance and diversity. Moreover, Collembola life-forms differed in their responses to bamboo invasion, with surface-dwelling Collembola being more vulnerable to bamboo invasion than soil-living Collembola. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate differential response patterns to bamboo invasion within Collembola communities. The negative effects of bamboo invasion on soil surface-dwelling Collembola may further influence ecosystem functioning. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Long
- Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yin
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Qiaoyu Wei
- Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Baquero E, Arbea JI, Nunes É, Aguin-Pombo D, Mateos E, Jordana R. Collembola of the Cavalum and Landeiro Caves (Madeira, Portugal). INSECTS 2023; 14:525. [PMID: 37367341 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The cave fauna of the Macaronesian archipelagos is rich in endemic species. Unlike the Azores and the Canary Islands, the cave fauna of the Madeira archipelago is little known. The only two cave complexes studied, Machico and São Vicente, lack protection measures. São Vicente is seriously threatened because it is being exploited for touristic purposes, while the Machico complex, the only one in its natural state, is open to the public but without any control. The importance of the conservation of this cave fauna is indisputable. So far, of the 13 cavernicolous species recorded, two of them-genus Centromerus-are critically endangered. Apart from occasional sampling, no monitoring study has ever been carried out. The aim of this work has been to make a species checklist of the cave fauna of the Machico complex, the least studied so far. For this purpose, during 2001-2002, a monitoring study was carried out using traps and manual collections in the lava tubes of Landeiros and Cavalum (I, II, III). Fourteen species of springtails were recorded. Of these, four are new species, Neelus serratus Jordana & Baquero sp. nov., Coecobrya decemsetosa Jordana & Baquero sp. nov., Coecobrya octoseta Jordana & Baquero sp. nov., and Sinella duodecimoculata Jordana & Baquero sp. nov., and one is a new record for the archipelago, Lepidocyrtus curvicollis Bourlet, 1839.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Baquero
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environment BIOMA, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Élvio Nunes
- Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Dora Aguin-Pombo
- Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Mateos
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Jordana
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
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Mateos E, Zhang B, Álvarez-Presas M. New species of Lepidocyrtus (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Italy with a discussion of characters defining European Lepidocyrtus lignorum-group. Zootaxa 2023; 5270:306-324. [PMID: 37518163 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Springtails are a group of hexapods whose true diversity is currently underestimated. This is because the morphological characters normally used in species diagnosis do not have the necessary resolution. This situation is especially evident in Entomobryidae, which is currently the most diverse family of springtails. The combination of morphological and molecular data has allowed us to describe a new species of the genus Lepidocyrtus, based on specimens from Northern Italy, as well as to redefine the diagnosis of the European Lepidocyrtus lignorum-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mateos
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva; Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Avinguda Diagonal 643; 08028-Barcelona; Spain.; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio); Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona; Spain..
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education; Institute of Ecology; College of Urban and Environmental Science; Peking University; Beijing; China..
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Luan YX, Cui Y, Chen WJ, Jin JF, Liu AM, Huang CW, Potapov M, Bu Y, Zhan S, Zhang F, Li S. High-quality genomes reveal significant genetic divergence and cryptic speciation in the model organism Folsomia candida (Collembola). Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 23:273-293. [PMID: 35962787 PMCID: PMC10087712 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The collembolan Folsomia candida Willem, 1902, is widely distributed throughout the world and has been frequently used as a test organism in soil ecology and ecotoxicology studies. However, it is questioned as an ideal "standard" because of differences in reproductive modes and cryptic genetic diversity between strains from various geographical origins. In this study, we obtained two high-quality chromosome-level genomes of F. candida, for a parthenogenetic strain (named as FCDK, 219.08 Mb, 25,139 protein-coding genes) and a sexual strain (named as FCSH, 153.09 Mb, 21,609 protein-coding genes), reannotated the genome of the parthenogenetic strain reported by Faddeeva-Vakhrusheva et al. in 2017 (named as FCBL, 221.7 Mb, 25,980 protein-coding genes), and conducted comparative genomic analyses of three strains. High genome similarities between FCDK and FCBL on synteny, genome architecture, mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences support they are conspecific. The seven chromosomes of FCDK are each 25-54% larger than the corresponding chromosomes of FCSH, showing obvious repetitive element expansions and large-scale inversions and translocations but no whole-genome duplication. The strain-specific genes, expanded gene families and genes in nonsyntenic chromosomal regions identified in FCDK are highly related to the broader environmental adaptation of parthenogenetic strains. In addition, FCDK has fewer strain-specific microRNAs than FCSH, and their mitochondrial and nuclear genes have diverged greatly. In conclusion, FCDK/FCBL and FCSH have accumulated independent genetic changes and evolved into distinct species since 10 Mya. Our work provides important genomic resources for studying the mechanisms of rapidly cryptic speciation and soil arthropod adaptation to soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jian-Feng Jin
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Min Liu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Wang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yun Bu
- Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
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Wang J, Yang J, Zeng X, Li W. Integrative taxonomy on the rare sky-island Ligidium species from southwest China (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Ligiidae). BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:26. [PMID: 37170338 PMCID: PMC10127345 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The sky-island Ligidium species fauna in southwest China is poorly known. Before this study, six of the seven sky-island species of the genus were known to be endemic to southwest China. In morphology, Ligidium species are often difficult to identify, and an appraisal of integrative taxonomy is needed.
Results
We integrated morphology and molecular analyses to delimit Ligidium species. Molecular species delimitation based on distance- and evolutionary models recovered seven-candidate lineages from five gene markers (COI, 12S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and NAK). We also estimated that the species divergences of sky-island Ligidium in southwest China started in late Eocene (40.97 Mya) to middle Miocene (15.19 Mya).
Four new species (L. duospinatum Li, sp. nov., L. acuminatum Li, sp. nov., L. rotundum Li, sp. nov. and L. tridentatum Li, sp. nov.) are described. Morphological confusion among L. denticulatum Shen, 1949, L. inerme Nunomura & Xie, 2000 and L. sichuanense Nunomura, 2002 is clarified by integrative taxonomy.
Conclusion
This work confirms that an integrative approach to Ligidium taxonomy is fundamental for objective classification, and deduced the uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the late Eocene and middle Miocene as one of the principal reasons for the species divergences of sky-island Ligidium in southwest China. We also inferred that sky-island mountains have a huge reserve of higher Ligidium species diversity.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Nilsai A, Detcharoen M, Godeiro NN, Jantarit S. Four new species of troglomorphic Coecobrya Yosii, 1956 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Thailand based on morphological and molecular evidence, with an updated key of Thai troglomorphic species. SUBTERRANEAN BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.41.76926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new species of troglomorphic Coecobrya Yosii, 1956 are described from caves located in the central and northeastern regions of Thailand. Coecobrya whittenisp. nov. and C. troglobiasp. nov. are from Khon Kaen province, C. ellisisp. nov. is from Phetchabun province and C. phitsanulokensissp. nov. is from Phitsanulok province. They all exhibit remarkable troglobitic characters i.e. elongated antennae, legs and furca, slender claw complex and large body size. Coecobrya whittenisp. nov. is similar to C. troglobiasp. nov. and they were found a distance of only 3.4 km from each other. However, they are mainly different in the number of An mac on dorsal head and number of chaetae of Th. II. Likewise, C. ellisisp. nov. is similar to C. phitsanulokensissp. nov.. However, they differ in the number of An mac on the dorsal head, the number of central mac on Abd. II, central mac on Abd. IV, lateral mac on Abd. IV and the number of inner teeth of the claw. Moreover, C. ellisisp. nov. has orange pigment dots on the body, a unique character, considering that all other troglomorphic Coecobrya species in Thailand are devoid of pigmentation. The results of the molecular approach based on two partial mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S rDNA) and a nuclear gene fragment (28S rDNA) supported the results of morphological species discrimination in separating the four nominal populations as valid species. An updated dichotomous key of Thai troglomorphic Coecobrya species is also given.
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Fiera C, Arbea JI, Vargovitsh RS, Barjadze S. A synthesis on troglobitic springtails in Europe. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fiera
- Institute of Biology Bucharest Romanian Academy Bucharest Romania
| | | | - Robert S. Vargovitsh
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
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Zhang H, Ning X, Yu X, Bu WJ. Integrative species delimitation based on COI, ITS, and morphological evidence illustrates a unique evolutionary history of the genus Paracercion (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11459. [PMID: 34123590 PMCID: PMC8164416 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracercion are common ‘blue and black’ colored damselflies. We explore the species boundaries of Paracercion (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) using ABGD, bPTP, GMYC and Distance-based clustering. We finally got the molecular data of all nine species of Paracercion. P. hieroglyphicum and P. melanotum were combined into one putative species based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). However, they were separated into two putative species based on the nuclear segment including ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS). This suggests the introgression of mtDNA in Paracercion. Paracercion barbatum and Paracercion melanotum can be separated into two species based on COI, whereas they were combined into one putative species based on ITS, which suggests a hybridization event between them. The lower interspecific divergence (COI: 0.49%) between P. barbatum and Paracercion v-nigrum indicates a recent speciation event in Paracercion. Paracercion sieboldii and P. v-nigrum can be separated into two putative species based on COI, while they were frequently merged into the same putative species based on ITS. This can be explained by incomplete lineage sorting in nDNA. Besides, P. pendulum and P. malayanum were synonymized as junior synonyms of P. melanotum. P. luzonicum was confirmed not to belong to Paracercion. The possibility of introgression, hybridization, recent speciation and incomplete lineage sorting makes species delimitation, based on molecular data, difficult and complicates understanding of the evolutionary history of Paracercion. The discordance in COI and ITS also indicates the value of using markers from different sources in species delimitation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiguang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Wenlai High School, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Mateos E, Winkler D, Riutort M, Álvarez-Presas M. New morphological and molecular data reveal an important underestimation of species diversity and indicate evolutionary patterns in European Lepidocyrtus (Collembola : Entomobryidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The correct identification of morphological species is a key task for species richness estimation of any ecosystem. Although body colour is a widely used character identifying European Lepidocyrtus species, recent investigations using molecular data have revealed that species delineation using body colour can result in an underestimation of real species diversity because of the presence of cryptic species. Lepidocyrtus violaceus is a European species characterised by its dark violet body colour. Its wide distribution leads us to suspect that several cryptic species can be present within this morphospecies. Since traditional morphological characters have appeared insufficient for real diversity identification in Lepidocyrtus, new morphological characters were needed in order to describe the cryptic diversity detected by molecular data in this genus. Pseudopores are integumentary structures present in all Lepidocyrtus species, but the distribution of these structures has not been properly described in the genus, as well as in Entomobryioidea overall. In the present work we aimed to analyse whether L. violaceus is a monophyletic entity in Europe. Moreover, we aimed to determine if the position and number of pseudopores on the different parts of the body and appendages is a phylogenetically useful character in the identification of the species or superspecific entities. Fourteen populations of L. violaceus from five European countries, and another 25 Lepidocyrtus species from nine European countries have been studied. In total, 208 specimens have been analysed morphologically and half of them were studied molecularly using sequences of the genes COXII and EF-1α. Molecular data revealed that the widely distributed Lepidocyrtus violaceus morphospecies is a polyphyletic entity in Europe. Between 6 and 12 diferent cryptic species have been detected within this European morphospecies, and only the presence of pseudopores on the basal plate of the fourth abdominal segment has been found to be a promising diagnostic character between them. A common basal pattern of pseudopore distribution has been recognised in the European members of the genus, and also a diferential pattern within each European species group. As a general trend, an increase in the number of pseudopores has been detected from the most basal to the most derived species groups in the phylogeny of the genus in Europe.
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Katz AD. Inferring Evolutionary Timescales without Independent Timing Information: An Assessment of "Universal" Insect Rates to Calibrate a Collembola (Hexapoda) Molecular Clock. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101172. [PMID: 33036318 PMCID: PMC7600954 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous estimates of nucleotide substitution rates are routinely applied as secondary or “universal” molecular clock calibrations for estimating evolutionary timescales in groups that lack independent timing information. A major limitation of this approach is that rates can vary considerably among taxonomic groups, but the assumption of rate constancy is rarely evaluated prior to using secondary rate calibrations. Here I evaluate whether an insect mitochondrial DNA clock is appropriate for estimating timescales in Collembola—a group of insect-like arthropods characterized by high levels of cryptic diversity. Relative rates of substitution in cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) were inferred via Bayesian analysis across a topologically constrained Hexapod phylogeny using a relaxed molecular clock model. Rates for Collembola did not differ significantly from the average rate or from the rates estimated for most other groups (25 of 30), suggesting that (1) their apparent cryptic diversity cannot be explained by accelerated rates of molecular evolution and (2) clocks calibrated using “universal” insect rates may be appropriate for estimating evolutionary timescales in this group. However, of the 31 groups investigated, 10 had rates that deviated significantly from the average (6 higher, 4 lower), underscoring the need for caution and careful consideration when applying secondary insect rate calibrations. Lastly, this study exemplifies a relatively simple approach for evaluating rate constancy within a taxonomic group to determine whether the use of secondary rates are appropriate for molecular clock calibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron D. Katz
- Engineer Research Development Center, 2902 Newmark Dr., Champaign, IL 61826, USA;
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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14
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Wang YL, Cao HL, Chen HW. Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of Amiota alboguttata and Amiota basdeni species groups (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from East Asia. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships of the two largest species groups in the genus Amiota [the Amiota alboguttata group (29 known and six new species) and the Amiota basdeni group (17 known and three new species)] were reconstructed using two mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and ND2). The paraphyly of the A. alboguttata group was identified based on molecular evidence. The monophyletic A. basdeni group is found to be nested in the A. alboguttata group, rendering the latter paraphyletic. Automatic barcode gap discovery and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography methods were used to assess species limits of the A. alboguttata and A. basdeni groups. The results indicate that most analysed species could be delimited clearly, including nine new species (Amiota beama sp. nov., Amiota cyclophylla sp. nov., Amiota flormontana sp. nov., Amiota obtusa sp. nov., Amiota planiceps sp. nov., Amiota scrobicula sp. nov., Amiota jianjuni sp. nov., Amiota tentacula sp. nov. and Amiota xinglaii sp. nov.), except for some closely related morphospecies. Furthermore, based on the highly biased distributions of these two groups, southwestern China is hypothesized to be a possible centre of origin and diversification for Amiota in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lian Wang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Luo Cao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Guzik MT, Stevens MI, Cooper SJB, Humphreys WF, Austin AD. Extreme genetic diversity among springtails (Collembola) in subterranean calcretes of arid Australia. Genome 2020; 64:181-195. [PMID: 32552081 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The subterranean islands hypothesis for calcretes of the Yilgarn region in Western Australia applies to many stygobitic (subterranean-aquatic) species that are "trapped" evolutionarily within isolated aquifers due to their aquatic lifestyles. In contrast, little is known about the distribution of terrestrial-subterranean invertebrates associated with the calcretes. We used subterranean Collembola from the Yilgarn calcretes to test the hypothesis that troglobitic species, those inhabiting the subterranean unsaturated (non-aquatic) zone of calcretes, are also restricted in their distribution and represent reciprocally monophyletic and endemic lineages. We used the barcoding fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene from 183 individuals to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the genus Pseudosinella Schäffer (Collembola, Lepidocyrtidae) from 10 calcretes in the Yilgarn. These calcretes represent less than 5% of the total possible calcretes in this region, yet we show that their diversity for subterranean Collembola comprises a minimum of 25 new species. Regionally, multiple levels of diversity exist in Pseudosinella, indicative of a complex evolutionary history for this genus in the Yilgarn. These species have probably been impacted by climatic oscillations, facilitating their dispersal across the landscape. The results represent a small proportion of the undiscovered diversity in Australia's arid zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Guzik
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mark I Stevens
- Biological and Earth Sciences, South Australian Museum, SA 5000, Australia.,University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Steven J B Cooper
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - William F Humphreys
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia, Affiliate.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew D Austin
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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16
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Parslow BA, Schwarz MP, Stevens MI. Molecular diversity and species delimitation in the family Gasteruptiidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea). Genome 2020; 64:253-264. [PMID: 32413273 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gasteruptiidae Ashmead is an easily recognised family of wasps with ∼589 described species worldwide. Although well characterised by traditional taxonomy, multiple authors have commented on the extreme morphological uniformity of the group, making species-level identification difficult. This problem is enhanced by the lack of molecular data and molecular phylogenetic research for the group. We used 187 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes to explore the efficiency of sequence data to delimitate species in Gasteruptiidae. We undertook a graphical and discussion-based comparison of six methods for species delimitation, with the success of methods judged based on known species boundaries and morphology. Both distance-based (ABGD and jMOTU threshold analysis) and tree-based (GMYC and PTP) methods compared across multiple parameters recovered variable molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), ranging from 55 to 123 MOTUs. Tree-based methods tended to split known morphological species less than distance-based methods, with the single-threshold GMYC method the most concordant with known morphospecies. Our results suggest that the incorporation of molecular species delimitation techniques provides a powerful tool to assist in the interpretation of species and help direct informed decisions with taxonomic uncertainty in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Parslow
- Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.,Biological and Earth Sciences, South Australian Museum, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael P Schwarz
- Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Mark I Stevens
- Biological and Earth Sciences, South Australian Museum, SA 5000, Australia.,University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, SA 5000, Australia
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17
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Carapelli A, Greenslade P, Nardi F, Leo C, Convey P, Frati F, Fanciulli PP. Evidence for Cryptic Diversity in the "Pan-Antarctic" Springtail Friesea antarctica and the Description of Two New Species. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030141. [PMID: 32106429 PMCID: PMC7143604 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The invertebrate terrestrial fauna of Antarctica is being investigated with increasing interest to discover how life interacts with the extreme polar environment and how millions of years of evolution have shaped their biodiversity. Classical taxonomic approaches, complemented by molecular tools, are improving our understanding of the systematic relationships of some species, changing the nomenclature of taxa and challenging the taxonomic status of others. The springtail Friesea grisea has previously been described as the only species with a “pan-Antarctic” distribution. However, recent genetic comparisons have pointed to another scenario. The latest morphological study has confined F. grisea to the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, from which it was originally described, and resurrected F. antarctica as a congeneric species occurring on the continental mainland. Molecular data demonstrate that populations of this taxon, ostensibly occurring across Maritime and Continental Antarctica, as well as on some offshore islands, are evolutionarily isolated and divergent and cannot be included within a single species. The present study, combining morphological with molecular data, attempts to validate this hypothesis and challenges the taxonomic status of F. antarctica, suggesting that two additional new species, described here as Friesea gretae sp. nov. and Friesea propria sp. nov., are present in Continental Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carapelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.N.); (C.L.); (F.F.); (P.P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-234-410
| | - Penelope Greenslade
- Environmental Management, School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia;
| | - Francesco Nardi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.N.); (C.L.); (F.F.); (P.P.F.)
| | - Chiara Leo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.N.); (C.L.); (F.F.); (P.P.F.)
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK;
| | - Francesco Frati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.N.); (C.L.); (F.F.); (P.P.F.)
| | - Pietro Paolo Fanciulli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.N.); (C.L.); (F.F.); (P.P.F.)
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18
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Muster C, Michalik P. Cryptic diversity in ant‐mimic
Micaria
spiders (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) and a tribute to early naturalists. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Muster
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum Universität Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Peter Michalik
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum Universität Greifswald Greifswald Germany
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19
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Parimuchová A, Žurovcová M, Papáč V, Kováč Ľ. Subterranean Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901, (Hexapoda, Collembola) of the Western Carpathians - Troglomorphy at the northern distributional limit in Europe. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226966. [PMID: 31940408 PMCID: PMC6961878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrative approach employing molecular, morphological and geographical data were applied to species delimitation among Deuteraphorura congeners occupying caves of the Western Carpathian Mts. A new species of Deuteraphorura from the Western Carpathians is described. D. muranensis sp. nov. belongs among species with 4 pso at the hind margin of the head and possesses highly troglomorphic features. It is conspicuous with its distinctly elongated claws and long, hair-like body chaetae. The status of the new species was confirmed by DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial COI marker. Populations of D. kratochvili (Nosek, 1963), the most widespread species, were studied in detail. Both ABGD and PTP analyses brought results congruent with geography, i.e. the molecular and geographic distance of the populations were positively correlated. However, some molecular separation based on pairwise distance and the number of substitutions was indicated within two of the studied populations. Despite the indistinct morphological differences, the tested populations were well isolated both geographically and genetically, which indicates that each studied population may represent a cryptic species. The troglomorphy of cave Collembola at the northernmost border of the distribution of cave-adapted species in the Europe is discussed. It is clear that the level of troglomorphy is closely associated with conditions of the microhabitat occupied by the individual subterranean species. The results of our study enhance the importance of the Western Carpathians regarding the diversity pattern of obligate cave species in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Parimuchová
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
- * E-mail:
| | - Martina Žurovcová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre AS CR v.v.i., České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Papáč
- State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic, Slovak Caves Administration, Cave Care Department, Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Kováč
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
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20
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Zheng C, Ye Z, Zhu X, Zhang H, Dong X, Chen P, Bu W. Integrative taxonomy uncovers hidden species diversity in the rheophilic genus
Potamometra
(Hemiptera: Gerridae). ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zheng
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhu
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | | | - Xue Dong
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Netherlands Biodiversity Centre – Naturalis Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
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21
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Lukić M, Delić T, Pavlek M, Deharveng L, Zagmajster M. Distribution pattern and radiation of the European subterranean genusVerhoeffiella(Collembola, Entomobryidae). ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Lukić
- Croatian Biospeleological Society Zagreb Croatia
- SubBioLab Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
- Ruđer Bošković Institute Zagreb Croatia
| | - Teo Delić
- SubBioLab Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Croatian Biospeleological Society Zagreb Croatia
- Ruđer Bošković Institute Zagreb Croatia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Louis Deharveng
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité ISYEB ‐ UMR 7205 ‐ CNRS MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Maja Zagmajster
- SubBioLab Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
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22
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Multilevel fine-scale diversity challenges the 'cryptic species' concept. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6732. [PMID: 31043629 PMCID: PMC6494890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
‘Cryptic’ species are an emerging biological problem that is broadly discussed in the present study. Recently, a cryptic species definition was suggested for those species which manifest low morphological, but considerable genetic, disparity. As a case study we present unique material from a charismatic group of nudibranch molluscs of the genus Trinchesia from European waters to reveal three new species and demonstrate that they show a dual nature: on one hand, they can be considered a ‘cryptic’ species complex due to their overall similarity, but on the other hand, stable morphological differences as well as molecular differences are demonstrated for every species in that complex. Thus, this species complex can equally be named ‘cryptic’, ‘pseudocryptic’ or ‘non-cryptic’. We also present evidence for an extremely rapid speciation rate in this species complex and link the species problem with epigenetics. Available metazoan-wide data, which are broadly discussed in the present study, show the unsuitability of a ‘cryptic’ species concept because the degree of crypticity represents a continuum when a finer multilevel morphological and molecular scale is applied to uncover more narrowly defined species making the ‘cryptic’ addition to ‘species’ redundant. Morphological and molecular methods should be applied in concordance to form a fine-scale multilevel taxonomic framework, and not necessarily implying only an a posteriori transformation of exclusively molecular-based ‘cryptic’ species into morphologically-defined ‘pseudocryptic’ ones. Implications of the present study have importance for many fields, including conservation biology and fine-scale biodiversity assessments.
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23
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Mitogenomic data to study the taxonomy of Antarctic springtail species (Hexapoda: Collembola) and their adaptation to extreme environments. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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24
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Jantarit S, Satasook C, Deharveng L. Coecobryasirindhornae sp. n., the most highly troglomorphic Collembola in Southeast Asia (Collembola, Entomobryidae). Zookeys 2019:21-44. [PMID: 30799971 PMCID: PMC6381216 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.824.31635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most highly troglomorphic Collembola of Southeast Asia, Coecobryasirindhornae sp. n., is described from a cave in Satun province, Thai Peninsula. It is characterised by its large size, extremely elongated antennae, relatively long legs and furca, reduced macrochaetotaxy, very long and slender claw, pointed tenent hair, four sublobal hairs on outer maxillary lobe, and the absence of eyes and pigmentation. A checklist of Thai Coecobrya species and a key to the troglomorphic species of Thailand are provided. Troglomorphy and conservation of cave habitats in the area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopark Jantarit
- Excellence Center for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand
| | - Chutamas Satasook
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Louis Deharveng
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) - UMR 7205 CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 45 rue Buffon, CP50, F-75005 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités Paris France
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25
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Zhang B, Chen TW, Mateos E, Scheu S, Schaefer I. DNA-based approaches uncover cryptic diversity in the European Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus species group (Collembola: Entomobryidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/is18068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequence data and phylogenies are useful tools for species delimitation, especially in taxa comprising cryptic species. The Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus species group (Collembola: Entomobryidae) comprises three morphospecies and distinct cryptic species. We applied three DNA-based methods to delimit species boundaries in the L. lanuginosus species group across central and southern Europe. Using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II, we identified gaps of genetic distances that indicate species boundaries and found 10 and 9 distinct genetic lineages in L. cyaneus and L. lanuginosus, respectively. The nuclear gene elongation factor 1-α delimited 89% of the lineages but 28S rDNA (D1–2 domain) was too conserved for this purpose. The phylogenetic trees showed that L. cyaneus and L. lanuginosus are polyphyletic, suggesting that body colour is insufficient for delimiting species in the L. lanuginosus species group. Our study challenges the current morphology-based species delimitation in the L. lanuginosus species group and suggests that molecular approaches are needed for fast and accurate determination of Collembola species in both taxonomic and ecological studies. Overall, the results suggest that wide geographic sampling combined with molecular phylogenetic approaches is needed to delimit species and to understand the full range of cryptic diversity in Collembola.
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26
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Zhang F, Yu D, Stevens MI, Ding Y. Colouration, chaetotaxy and molecular data provide species-level resolution in a species complex of Dicranocentrus (Collembola : Entomobryidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/is18019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrative taxonomic approaches are increasingly providing species-level resolution to ‘cryptic’ diversity. In the absence of an integrative taxonomic approach, formal species validation is often lacking because of inadequate morphological diagnoses. Colouration and chaetotaxy are the most commonly used characters in collembolan taxonomy but can cause confusion in species diagnoses because these characters often have large intraspecific variation. Here, we take an integrative approach to the genus Dicranocentrus in China where four species have been previously recognised, but several members of the genus have been morphologically grouped as a species complex based on having paired outer teeth on unguis and seven colour patterns. Molecular delimitations based on distance- and evolutionary models recovered four candidate lineages from three gene markers and revealed that speciation events likely occurred during the late Neogene (4–13million years ago). Comparison of intact dorsal chaetotaxy, whose homologies were erected on the basis of first instar larva, further validated these candidates as formal species: D. gaoligongensis, sp. nov., D. similis, sp. nov., D. pallidus, sp. nov. and D. varicolor, sp. nov., and increase the number of Dicranocentrus species from China to eight. Our study further highlights the importance of adequate taxonomy in linking morphological and molecular characters within integrative taxonomy.
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