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Green L, Chan WX, Tulzer A, Tulzer G, Yap CH. Myocardial biomechanical effects of fetal aortic valvuloplasty. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:1433-1448. [PMID: 38683446 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Fetal critical aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome (CAS-eHLHS) can progress to a univentricular (UV) birth malformation. Catheter-based fetal aortic valvuloplasty (FAV) can resolve stenosis and reduce the likelihood of malformation progression. However, we have limited understanding of the biomechanical impact of FAV and subsequent LV responses. Therefore, we performed image-based finite element (FE) modeling of 4 CAS-eHLHS fetal hearts, by performing iterative simulations to match image-based characteristics and then back-computing physiological parameters. We used pre-FAV simulations to conduct virtual FAV (vFAV) and compared pre-FAV and post-FAV simulations. vFAV simulations generally enabled partial restoration of several physiological features toward healthy levels, including increased stroke volume and myocardial strains, reduced aortic valve (AV) and mitral valve regurgitation (MVr) velocities, reduced LV and LA pressures, and reduced peak myofiber stress. FAV often leads to aortic valve regurgitation (AVr). Our simulations showed that AVr could compromise LV and LA depressurization but it could also significantly increase stroke volume and myocardial deformational stimuli. Post-FAV scans and simulations showed FAV enabled only partial reduction of the AV dissipative coefficient. Furthermore, LV contractility and peripheral vascular resistance could change in response to FAV, preventing decreases in AV velocity and LV pressure, compared with what would be anticipated from stenosis relief. This suggested that case-specific post-FAV modeling is required to fully capture cardiac functionality. Overall, image-based FE modeling could provide mechanistic details of the effects of FAV, but computational prediction of acute outcomes was difficult due to a patient-dependent physiological response to FAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, L2 Bessemer Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wei Xuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, L2 Bessemer Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Tulzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center Linz, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Tulzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center Linz, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, L2 Bessemer Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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2
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Jonker SS, Louey S. Fetal cardiac troponin I levels decline toward birth in sheep. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1538-H1543. [PMID: 38758126 PMCID: PMC11380961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00224.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a myocardial damage biomarker, has been reported in cord blood of neonates delivered vaginally or by cesarean section. Although the neonatal peak likely reflects the physiological adjustment to extrauterine life, a better understanding of serial prepartum changes is required to determine physiological causes of fetal cTnI release. We longitudinally sampled eight healthy lambs (20 days before spontaneous birth to 5 days postnatal), and from three fetuses receiving intravenous IGF-1. Samples were collected into heparin, and the plasma was stored at -80°C for later determination of high-sensitivity (hs) cTnI levels (BeckmanCoulter UniCel DxI Access IA; log transformed detection limit = 0.30, quantification limit = 0.78, 99th percentile = 1.78). Positive and negative control samples were drawn from an adult ewe during a terminal experiment (myocardial ischemia) and similarly assessed. hs-cTnI data were log transformed from ng/L. Log(hs-cTnI) was 1.47 ± 0.30 (means ± SD) at 20 days before birth and declined to 1.02 ± 0.65 in fetuses 12 ± 4 h before birth (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.7869). Birth stimulated a delayed, transient peak in hs-cTnI (P = 0.0058). Newborn (43 ± 19 min postnatal) levels were 1.39 ± 0.40 (P = 0.0650 vs. fetus on day of birth) and 2.14 ± 0.63 the day after birth (P = 0.0331 vs. newborn). The second day after birth, levels declined to 1.65 ± 0.48 (P = 0.0238 vs. day 1). IGF-1 infusion increased hs-cTnI levels 25-50% over baseline (P = 0.0252, R2 = 0.9938). Baseline adult ewe log(hs-cTnI) was below the limit of detection; 3 h following coronary artery ligation, levels were 3.21. In conclusion, we newly report that fetal hs-cTnI levels decline concomitantly with reduced proliferation of cardiomyocytes toward term.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serial blood samples were collected from catheterized, normally developing fetal and newborn lambs and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels were assessed, providing unprecedented insight into the physiological processes leading to high levels in the perinatal period. Moderately high levels of hs-cTnI found in the normally developing fetus declined toward term. An elevation to high levels peaked the day after birth, after which hs-cTnI declined again. Stimulation of fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation with IGF-1 also elevated hs-cTnI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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Salameh S, Guerrelli D, Miller JA, Desai M, Moise N, Yerebakan C, Bruce A, Sinha P, d'Udekem Y, Weinberg SH, Posnack NG. Connecting Transcriptomics with Computational Modeling to Reveal Developmental Adaptations in the Human Pediatric Myocardium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.589826. [PMID: 38712262 PMCID: PMC11071413 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.589826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Nearly 1% or 1.3 million babies are born with congenital heart disease (CHD) globally each year - many of whom will require palliative or corrective heart surgery within the first few years of life. A detailed understanding of cardiac maturation can help to expand our knowledge on cardiac diseases that develop during gestation, identify age-appropriate cardiovascular drug therapies, and inform clinical care decisions related to surgical repair, myocardial preservation, or postoperative management. Yet, to date, our knowledge of the temporal changes that cardiomyocytes undergo during postnatal development is largely limited to animal models. Methods Right atrial tissue samples were collected from n=117 neonatal, infant, and pediatric patients undergoing correct surgery due to (acyanotic) CHD. Patients were stratified into five age groups: neonate (0-30 days), infant (31-364 days), toddler to preschool (1-5 years), school age (6-11 years), and adolescent to young adults (12-32 years). We measured age-dependent adaptations in cardiac gene expression, and used computational modeling to simulate action potential and calcium transients. Results Enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEG) was explored, revealing age-dependent changes in several key biological processes (cell cycle, cell division, mitosis), cardiac ion channels, and calcium handling genes. Gene-associated changes in ionic currents exhibited both linear trends and sudden shifts across developmental stages, with changes in calcium handling ( I NCX ) and repolarization ( I K1 ) most strongly associated with an age-dependent decrease in the action potential plateau potential and increase in triangulation, respectively. We also note a shift in repolarization reserve, with lower I Kr expression in younger patients, a finding likely tied to the increased amplitude of I Ks triggered by elevated sympathetic activation in pediatric patients. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into age-dependent changes in human cardiac gene expression and electrophysiology among patients with CHD, shedding light on molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac development and function across different developmental stages.
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Green L, Chan WX, Prakash I, Tulzer A, Tulzer G, Yap CH. Pre-intervention myocardial stress is a good predictor of aortic valvoluplasty outcome for fetal critical aortic stenosis and evolving HLHS. J Physiol 2024; 602:663-681. [PMID: 38324229 DOI: 10.1113/jp285475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal critical aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome (CAS-eHLHS) causes biomechanical and functional aberrations, leading to a high risk of progression to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) at birth. Fetal aortic valvuloplasty (FAV) can resolve outflow obstruction and may reduce progression risk. However, it is currently difficult to accurately predict which patients will respond to the intervention and become functionally biventricular (BV) at birth, as opposed to becoming functionally univentricular (UV). This prediction is important for patient selection, parental counselling, and surgical planning. Therefore, we investigated whether biomechanics parameters from pre-FAV image-based computations could robustly distinguish between CAS-eHLHS cases with BV or UV outcomes in a retrospective cohort. To do so we performed image-based finite element biomechanics modelling of nine CAS-eHLHS cases undergoing intervention and six healthy fetal control hearts, and found that a biomechanical parameter, peak systolic myofibre stress, showed a uniquely large difference between BV and UV cases, which had a larger magnitude effect than echocardiography parameters. A simplified equation was derived for quick and easy estimation of myofibre stress from echo measurements via principal component analysis. When tested on a retrospective cohort of 37 CAS-eHLHS cases, the parameter outperformed other parameters in predicting UV versus BV outcomes, and thus has a high potential of improving outcome predictions, if incorporated into patient selection procedures. Physiologically, high myocardial stresses likely indicate a healthier myocardium that can withstand high stresses and resist pathological remodelling, which can explain why it is a good predictor of BV outcomes. KEY POINTS: Predicting the morphological birth outcomes (univentricular versus biventricular) of fetal aortic valvuloplasty for fetal aortic stenosis with evolving HLHS is important for accurate patient selection, parental counselling and management decisions. Computational simulations show that a biomechanics parameter, pre-intervention peak systolic myofibre stress, is uniquely robust in distinguishing between such outcomes, outperforming all echo parameters. An empirical equation was developed to quickly compute peak systolic myofibre stress from routine echo measurements and was the best predictor of outcomes among a wide range of parameters tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wei Xuan Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Indumita Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Tulzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heat Center Linz, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Tulzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heat Center Linz, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Mohran S, Kooiker K, Mahoney-Schaefer M, Mandrycky C, Kao K, Tu AY, Freeman J, Moussavi-Harami F, Geeves M, Regnier M. The biochemically defined super relaxed state of myosin-A paradox. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105565. [PMID: 38103642 PMCID: PMC10819765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochemical SRX (super-relaxed) state of myosin has been defined as a low ATPase activity state. This state can conserve energy when the myosin is not recruited for muscle contraction. The SRX state has been correlated with a structurally defined ordered (versus disordered) state of muscle thick filaments. The two states may be linked via a common interacting head motif (IHM) where the two heads of heavy meromyosin (HMM), or myosin, fold back onto each other and form additional contacts with S2 and the thick filament. Experimental observations of the SRX, IHM, and the ordered form of thick filaments, however, do not always agree, and result in a series of unresolved paradoxes. To address these paradoxes, we have reexamined the biochemical measurements of the SRX state for porcine cardiac HMM. In our hands, the commonly employed mantATP displacement assay was unable to quantify the population of the SRX state with all data fitting very well by a single exponential. We further show that mavacamten inhibits the basal ATPases of both porcine ventricle HMM and S1 (Ki, 0.32 and 1.76 μM respectively) while dATP activates HMM cooperatively without any evidence of an SRX state. A combination of our experimental observations and theories suggests that the displacement of mantATP in purified proteins is not a reliable assay to quantify the SRX population. This means that while the structurally defined IHM and ordered thick filaments clearly exist, great care must be employed when using the mantATP displacement assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffie Mohran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristina Kooiker
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Christian Mandrycky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kerry Kao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - An-Yue Tu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeremy Freeman
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Farid Moussavi-Harami
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Geeves
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Mohran S, Steczina S, Mandrycky C, Kao K, Regnier M. Measuring the Contractile Kinetics of Isolated Myofibrils from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) Models of Cardiomyopathy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2735:213-233. [PMID: 38038851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3527-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Isolated myofibrils provide biomechanical data at the contractile organelle level that are independent of cellular calcium handling and signaling pathways. These myofibrils can be harvested from animal tissue, human muscle biopsies, or stem cell-derived striated muscle. Here we present our myofibril isolation and rapid solution switching protocols, which allow for precise measurements of activation (kinetics and tension generation) and a biphasic relaxation relationship (initial slow isometric relaxation followed by a fast exponential decay in tension). This experiment is generated on a custom-built myofibril apparatus utilizing a two-photodiode array to detect micron level deflection of our forged glass tip force transducers. A complete activation/relaxation curve can be produced from a single myofibril in under 30 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffie Mohran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonette Steczina
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Mandrycky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerry Kao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Kooiker KB, Mohran S, Turner KL, Ma W, Martinson A, Flint G, Qi L, Gao C, Zheng Y, McMillen TS, Mandrycky C, Mahoney-Schaefer M, Freeman JC, Costales Arenas EG, Tu AY, Irving TC, Geeves MA, Tanner BC, Regnier M, Davis J, Moussavi-Harami F. Danicamtiv Increases Myosin Recruitment and Alters Cross-Bridge Cycling in Cardiac Muscle. Circ Res 2023; 133:430-443. [PMID: 37470183 PMCID: PMC10434831 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulating myosin function is a novel therapeutic approach in patients with cardiomyopathy. Danicamtiv is a novel myosin activator with promising preclinical data that is currently in clinical trials. While it is known that danicamtiv increases force and cardiomyocyte contractility without affecting calcium levels, detailed mechanistic studies regarding its mode of action are lacking. METHODS Permeabilized porcine cardiac tissue and myofibrils were used for X-ray diffraction and mechanical measurements. A mouse model of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy was used to evaluate the ability of danicamtiv to correct the contractile deficit. RESULTS Danicamtiv increased force and calcium sensitivity via increasing the number of myosins in the ON state and slowing cross-bridge turnover. Our detailed analysis showed that inhibition of ADP release results in decreased cross-bridge turnover with cross bridges staying attached longer and prolonging myofibril relaxation. Danicamtiv corrected decreased calcium sensitivity in demembranated tissue, abnormal twitch magnitude and kinetics in intact cardiac tissue, and reduced ejection fraction in the whole organ. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated by the detailed studies of Danicamtiv, increasing myosin recruitment and altering cross-bridge cycling are 2 mechanisms to increase force and calcium sensitivity in cardiac muscle. Myosin activators such as Danicamtiv can treat the causative hypocontractile phenotype in genetic dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B. Kooiker
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | - Saffie Mohran
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Kyrah L. Turner
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University (K.L.T.)
| | - Weikang Ma
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Amy Martinson
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Galina Flint
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Chengqian Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (C.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Yahan Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (C.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Timothy S. McMillen
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (T.S.M.), University of Washington
| | - Christian Mandrycky
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Max Mahoney-Schaefer
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | - Jeremy C. Freeman
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | | | - An-Yu Tu
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Michael A. Geeves
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom (M.A.G.)
| | - Bertrand C.W. Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University (B.C.W.T.)
| | - Michael Regnier
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Farid Moussavi-Harami
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
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Salameh S, Ogueri V, Posnack NG. Adapting to a new environment: postnatal maturation of the human cardiomyocyte. J Physiol 2023; 601:2593-2619. [PMID: 37031380 PMCID: PMC10775138 DOI: 10.1113/jp283792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal mammalian heart undergoes remarkable developmental changes, which are stimulated by the transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment. With birth, increased oxygen levels promote metabolic, structural and biophysical maturation of cardiomyocytes, resulting in mature muscle with increased efficiency, contractility and electrical conduction. In this Topical Review article, we highlight key studies that inform our current understanding of human cardiomyocyte maturation. Collectively, these studies suggest that human atrial and ventricular myocytes evolve quickly within the first year but might not reach a fully mature adult phenotype until nearly the first decade of life. However, it is important to note that fetal, neonatal and paediatric cardiac physiology studies are hindered by a number of limitations, including the scarcity of human tissue, small sample size and a heavy reliance on diseased tissue samples, often without age-matched healthy controls. Future developmental studies are warranted to expand our understanding of normal cardiac physiology/pathophysiology and inform age-appropriate treatment strategies for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Salameh
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vanessa Ogueri
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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9
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Kooiker KB, Mohran S, Turner KL, Ma W, Flint G, Qi L, Gao C, Zheng Y, McMillen TS, Mandrycky C, Martinson A, Mahoney-Schaefer M, Freeman JC, Costales Arenas EG, Tu AY, Irving TC, Geeves MA, Tanner BCW, Regnier M, Davis J, Moussavi-Harami F. Danicamtiv increases myosin recruitment and alters the chemomechanical cross bridge cycle in cardiac muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526380. [PMID: 36778318 PMCID: PMC9915609 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modulating myosin function is a novel therapeutic approach in patients with cardiomyopathy. Detailed mechanism of action of these agents can help predict potential unwanted affects and identify patient populations that can benefit most from them. Danicamtiv is a novel myosin activator with promising preclinical data that is currently in clinical trials. While it is known danicamtiv increases force and cardiomyocyte contractility without affecting calcium levels, detailed mechanistic studies regarding its mode of action are lacking. Using porcine cardiac tissue and myofibrils we demonstrate that Danicamtiv increases force and calcium sensitivity via increasing the number of myosin in the "on" state and slowing cross bridge turnover. Our detailed analysis shows that inhibition of ADP release results in decreased cross bridge turnover with cross bridges staying on longer and prolonging myofibril relaxation. Using a mouse model of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy, we demonstrated that Danicamtiv corrected calcium sensitivity in demembranated and abnormal twitch magnitude and kinetics in intact cardiac tissue. Significance Statement Directly augmenting sarcomere function has potential to overcome limitations of currently used inotropic agents to improve cardiac contractility. Myosin modulation is a novel mechanism for increased contraction in cardiomyopathies. Danicamtiv is a myosin activator that is currently under investigation for use in cardiomyopathy patients. Our study is the first detailed mechanism of how Danicamtiv increases force and alters kinetics of cardiac activation and relaxation. This new understanding of the mechanism of action of Danicamtiv can be used to help identify patients that could benefit most from this treatment.
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10
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Green L, Chan WX, Ren M, Mattar CNZ, Lee LC, Yap CH. The dependency of fetal left ventricular biomechanics function on myocardium helix angle configuration. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 22:629-643. [PMID: 36550241 PMCID: PMC10097781 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The helix angle configuration of the myocardium is understood to contribute to the heart function, as finite element (FE) modeling of postnatal hearts showed that altered configurations affected cardiac function and biomechanics. However, similar investigations have not been done on the fetal heart. To address this, we performed image-based FE simulations of fetal left ventricles (LV) over a range of helix angle configurations, assuming a linear variation of helix angles from epicardium to endocardium. Results showed that helix angles have substantial influence on peak myofiber stress, cardiac stroke work, myocardial deformational burden, and spatial variability of myocardial strain. A good match between LV myocardial strains from FE simulations to those measured from 4D fetal echo images could only be obtained if the transmural variation of helix angle was generally between 110 and 130°, suggesting that this was the physiological range. Experimentally discovered helix angle configurations from the literature were found to produce high peak myofiber stress, high cardiac stroke work, and a low myocardial deformational burden, but did not coincide with configurations that would optimize these characteristics. This may suggest that the fetal development of myocyte orientations depends concurrently on several factors rather than a single factor. We further found that the shape, rather than the size of the LV, determined the manner at which helix angles influenced these characteristics, as this influence changed significantly when the LV shape was varied, but not when a heart was scaled from fetal to adult size while retaining the same shape. This may suggest that biomechanical optimality would be affected during diseases that altered the geometric shape of the LV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wei Xuan Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Meifeng Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Citra Nurfarah Zaini Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lik Chuan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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11
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Marston S. Force Measurements From Myofibril to Filament. Front Physiol 2022; 12:817036. [PMID: 35153821 PMCID: PMC8829514 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.817036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractility, the generation of force and movement by molecular motors, is the hallmark of all muscles, including striated muscle. Contractility can be studied at every level of organization from a whole animal to single molecules. Measurements at sub-cellular level are particularly useful since, in the absence of the excitation-contraction coupling system, the properties of the contractile proteins can be directly investigated; revealing mechanistic details not accessible in intact muscle. Moreover, the conditions can be manipulated with ease, for instance changes in activator Ca2+, small molecule effector concentration or phosphorylation levels and introducing mutations. Subcellular methods can be successfully applied to frozen materials and generally require the smallest amount of tissue, thus greatly increasing the range of possible experiments compared with the study of intact muscle and cells. Whilst measurement of movement at the subcellular level is relatively simple, measurement of force is more challenging. This mini review will describe current methods for measuring force production at the subcellular level including single myofibril and single myofilament techniques.
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12
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Silva AC, Matthys OB, Joy DA, Kauss MA, Natarajan V, Lai MH, Turaga D, Blair AP, Alexanian M, Bruneau BG, McDevitt TC. Co-emergence of cardiac and gut tissues promotes cardiomyocyte maturation within human iPSC-derived organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2137-2152.e6. [PMID: 34861147 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, paracrine signaling between tissues in close proximity contributes to the determination of their respective cell fate(s) and development into functional organs. Organoids are in vitro models that mimic organ formation and cellular heterogeneity, but lack the paracrine input of surrounding tissues. Here, we describe a human multilineage iPSC-derived organoid that recapitulates cooperative cardiac and gut development and maturation, with extensive cellular and structural complexity in both tissues. We demonstrate that the presence of endoderm tissue (gut/intestine) in the organoids contributed to the development of cardiac tissue features characteristic of stages after heart tube formation, including cardiomyocyte expansion, compartmentalization, enrichment of atrial/nodal cells, myocardial compaction, and fetal-like functional maturation. Overall, this study demonstrates the ability to generate and mature cooperative tissues originating from different germ lineages within a single organoid model, an advance that will further the examination of multi-tissue interactions during development, physiological maturation, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Silva
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Oriane B Matthys
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David A Joy
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mara A Kauss
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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13
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Gerbin KA, Grancharova T, Donovan-Maiye RM, Hendershott MC, Anderson HG, Brown JM, Chen J, Dinh SQ, Gehring JL, Johnson GR, Lee H, Nath A, Nelson AM, Sluzewski MF, Viana MP, Yan C, Zaunbrecher RJ, Cordes Metzler KR, Gaudreault N, Knijnenburg TA, Rafelski SM, Theriot JA, Gunawardane RN. Cell states beyond transcriptomics: Integrating structural organization and gene expression in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Syst 2021; 12:670-687.e10. [PMID: 34043964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although some cell types may be defined anatomically or by physiological function, a rigorous definition of cell state remains elusive. Here, we develop a quantitative, imaging-based platform for the systematic and automated classification of subcellular organization in single cells. We use this platform to quantify subcellular organization and gene expression in >30,000 individual human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, producing a publicly available dataset that describes the population distributions of local and global sarcomere organization, mRNA abundance, and correlations between these traits. While the mRNA abundance of some phenotypically important genes correlates with subcellular organization (e.g., the beta-myosin heavy chain, MYH7), these two cellular metrics are heterogeneous and often uncorrelated, which suggests that gene expression alone is not sufficient to classify cell states. Instead, we posit that cell state should be defined by observing full distributions of quantitative, multidimensional traits in single cells that also account for space, time, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaytlyn A Gerbin
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tanya Grancharova
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Helen G Anderson
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jackson M Brown
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Q Dinh
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jamie L Gehring
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory R Johnson
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - HyeonWoo Lee
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aditya Nath
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - M Filip Sluzewski
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matheus P Viana
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calysta Yan
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julie A Theriot
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Ong CW, Ren M, Wiputra H, Mojumder J, Chan WX, Tulzer A, Tulzer G, Buist ML, Mattar CNZ, Lee LC, Yap CH. Biomechanics of Human Fetal Hearts with Critical Aortic Stenosis. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:1364-1379. [PMID: 33175989 PMCID: PMC8058006 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Critical aortic stenosis (AS) of the fetal heart causes a drastic change in the cardiac biomechanical environment. Consequently, a substantial proportion of such cases will lead to a single-ventricular birth outcome. However, the biomechanics of the disease is not well understood. To address this, we performed Finite Element (FE) modelling of the healthy fetal left ventricle (LV) based on patient-specific 4D ultrasound imaging, and simulated various disease features observed in clinical fetal AS to understand their biomechanical impact. These features included aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation (MR) and LV hypertrophy, reduced contractility, and increased myocardial stiffness. AS was found to elevate LV pressures and myocardial stresses, and depending on severity, can drastically decrease stroke volume and myocardial strains. These effects are moderated by MR. AS alone did not lead to MR velocities above 3 m/s unless LV hypertrophy was included, suggesting that hypertrophy may be involved in clinical cases with high MR velocities. LV hypertrophy substantially elevated LV pressure, valve flow velocities and stroke volume, while reducing LV contractility resulted in diminished LV pressure, stroke volume and wall strains. Typical extent of hypertrophy during fetal AS in the clinic, however, led to excessive LV pressure and valve velocity in the FE model, suggesting that reduced contractility is typically associated with hypertrophy. Increased LV passive stiffness, which might represent fibroelastosis, was found to have minimal impact on LV pressures, stroke volume, and wall strain. This suggested that fibroelastosis could be a by-product of the disease progression and does not significantly impede cardiac function. Our study demonstrates that FE modelling is a valuable tool for elucidating the biomechanics of congenital heart disease and can calculate parameters which are difficult to measure, such as intraventricular pressure and myocardial stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wei Ong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meifeng Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hadi Wiputra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joy Mojumder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Wei Xuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andreas Tulzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center Linz, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Tulzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center Linz, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Lindsay Buist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Citra Nurfarah Zaini Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lik Chuan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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15
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Santini L, Palandri C, Nediani C, Cerbai E, Coppini R. Modelling genetic diseases for drug development: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Pioner JM, Guan X, Klaiman JM, Racca AW, Pabon L, Muskheli V, Macadangdang J, Ferrantini C, Hoopmann MR, Moritz RL, Kim DH, Tesi C, Poggesi C, Murry CE, Childers MK, Mack DL, Regnier M. Absence of full-length dystrophin impairs normal maturation and contraction of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:368-382. [PMID: 31049579 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure invariably affects patients with various forms of muscular dystrophy (MD), but the onset and molecular sequelae of altered structure and function resulting from full-length dystrophin (Dp427) deficiency in MD heart tissue are poorly understood. To better understand the role of dystrophin in cardiomyocyte development and the earliest phase of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cardiomyopathy, we studied human cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) obtained from the urine of a DMD patient. METHODS AND RESULTS The contractile properties of patient-specific hiPSC-CMs, with no detectable dystrophin (DMD-CMs with a deletion of exon 50), were compared to CMs containing a CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletion of a single G base at position 263 of the dystrophin gene (c.263delG-CMs) isogenic to the parental line of hiPSC-CMs from a healthy individual. We hypothesized that the absence of a dystrophin-actin linkage would adversely affect myofibril and cardiomyocyte structure and function. Cardiomyocyte maturation was driven by culturing long-term (80-100 days) on a nanopatterned surface, which resulted in hiPSC-CMs with adult-like dimensions and aligned myofibrils. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that lack of Dp427 results in reduced myofibril contractile tension, slower relaxation kinetics, and to Ca2+ handling abnormalities, similar to DMD cells, suggesting either retarded or altered maturation of cardiomyocyte structures associated with these functions. This study offers new insights into the functional consequences of Dp427 deficiency at an early stage of cardiomyocyte development in both patient-derived and CRISPR-generated models of dystrophin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manuel Pioner
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Div. of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Xuan Guan
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alice W Racca
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Lil Pabon
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Veronica Muskheli
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Div. of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Div. of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Div. of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Charles E Murry
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Martin K Childers
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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17
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Muromoto J, Murotsuki J, Miyashita S, Hasegawa H, Taki H, Kanai H, Yaegashi N. Ultrasound measurement of fetal arterial pulse pressure using phased-tracking methods: A phantom study and clinical experience with antenatal corticosteroid therapy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:1994-2001. [PMID: 32748446 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to compare the accuracy of fetal pulse pressure estimated with a vascular simulator with that obtained by a manometer (reference) and evaluate the pulse pressure in normal human fetuses and fetuses whose mothers received corticosteroids. METHODS Fetal pulse pressure was estimated as the product of blood flow velocity and pulse wave velocity, based on the water hammer equation. Ultrasonic raw radiofrequency signals for blood flow velocity were captured from the fetal descending aortas at the diaphragm level, and pulse wave velocity was simultaneously measured from different directions using the phased-tracking method. First, the precision and accuracy of pulse pressure in the estimated method were verified by a circulatory phantom simulator, which reproduced fetal blood flow using a pulsating pump. Then, the pulse pressure of 98 normal human fetuses after 17 weeks of gestation and the fetal pulse pressure in 21 mothers who received antenatal corticosteroids for fetal maturation were measured. RESULTS A significant correlation between the estimated pulse pressure values and the actual values was found in the phantom simulation (r = 0.99, P < 0.01). The estimated pulse pressure was significantly correlated with gestational age in normal fetuses (r = 0.74, P < 0.01). In steroid-treated pregnant women, fetal pulse pressure was observed to increase significantly on the second day of administration (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION A noninvasive and accurate estimation model of fetal pulse pressure could be established using phased-tracking method, and this method has the potential to improve the assessment of human fetal hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Muromoto
- Department of Advanced Fetal and Developmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Murotsuki
- Department of Advanced Fetal and Developmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyashita
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine Perinatal Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hasegawa
- Laboratory for Neural Information Technology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Taki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kanai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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18
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Pioner JM, Fornaro A, Coppini R, Ceschia N, Sacconi L, Donati MA, Favilli S, Poggesi C, Olivotto I, Ferrantini C. Advances in Stem Cell Modeling of Dystrophin-Associated Disease: Implications for the Wider World of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:368. [PMID: 32477154 PMCID: PMC7235370 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is mostly caused by mutations in genes encoding cytoskeletal and sarcomeric proteins. In the pediatric population, DCM is the predominant type of primitive myocardial disease. A severe form of DCM is associated with mutations in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin, which are the cause of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD-associated cardiomyopathy is still poorly understood and orphan of a specific therapy. In the last 5 years, a rise of interest in disease models using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has led to more than 50 original studies on DCM models. In this review paper, we provide a comprehensive overview on the advances in DMD cardiomyopathy disease modeling and highlight the most remarkable findings obtained from cardiomyocytes differentiated from hiPSCs of DMD patients. We will also describe how hiPSCs based studies have contributed to the identification of specific myocardial disease mechanisms that may be relevant in the pathogenesis of DCM, representing novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josè Manuel Pioner
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department of NeuroFarBa, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicole Ceschia
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- LENS, Università degli Studi di Firenze and National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Florence, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Favilli
- Pediatric Cardiology, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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19
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Weber N, Kowalski K, Holler T, Radocaj A, Fischer M, Thiemann S, de la Roche J, Schwanke K, Piep B, Peschel N, Krumm U, Lingk A, Wendland M, Greten S, Schmitto JD, Ismail I, Warnecke G, Zywietz U, Chichkov B, Meißner J, Haverich A, Martin U, Brenner B, Zweigerdt R, Kraft T. Advanced Single-Cell Mapping Reveals that in hESC Cardiomyocytes Contraction Kinetics and Action Potential Are Independent of Myosin Isoform. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:788-802. [PMID: 32302556 PMCID: PMC7220955 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) represent an attractive model to investigate CM function and disease mechanisms. One characteristic marker of ventricular specificity of human CMs is expression of the ventricular, slow β-myosin heavy chain (MyHC), as opposed to the atrial, fast α-MyHC. The main aim of this study was to investigate at the single-cell level whether contraction kinetics and electrical activity of hESC-CMs are influenced by the relative expression of α-MyHC versus β-MyHC. For effective assignment of functional parameters to the expression of both MyHC isoforms at protein and mRNA levels in the very same hESC-CMs, we developed a single-cell mapping technique. Surprisingly, α- versus β-MyHC was not related to specific contractile or electrophysiological properties of the same cells. The multiparametric cell-by-cell analysis suggests that in hESC-CMs the expression of genes associated with electrical activity, contraction, calcium handling, and MyHCs is independently regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Weber
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Kowalski
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Holler
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ante Radocaj
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Fischer
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Thiemann
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeanne de la Roche
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristin Schwanke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Piep
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Neele Peschel
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Krumm
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Lingk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Wendland
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Greten
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Dieter Schmitto
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Issam Ismail
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Urs Zywietz
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Boris Chichkov
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Meißner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brenner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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20
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Growing up gator: a proteomic perspective on cardiac maturation in an oviparous reptile, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:243-252. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Swift LM, Burke M, Guerrelli D, Reilly M, Ramadan M, McCullough D, Prudencio T, Mulvany C, Chaluvadi A, Jaimes R, Posnack NG. Age-dependent changes in electrophysiology and calcium handling: implications for pediatric cardiac research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H354-H365. [PMID: 31886723 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00521.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rodent models are frequently employed in cardiovascular research, yet our understanding of pediatric cardiac physiology has largely been deduced from more simplified two-dimensional cell studies. Previous studies have shown that postnatal development includes an alteration in the expression of genes and proteins involved in cell coupling, ion channels, and intracellular calcium handling. Accordingly, we hypothesized that postnatal cell maturation is likely to lead to dynamic alterations in whole heart electrophysiology and calcium handling. To test this hypothesis, we employed multiparametric imaging and electrophysiological techniques to quantify developmental changes from neonate to adult. In vivo electrocardiograms were collected to assess changes in heart rate, variability, and atrioventricular conduction (Sprague-Dawley rats). Intact, whole hearts were transferred to a Langendorff-perfusion system for multiparametric imaging (voltage, calcium). Optical mapping was performed in conjunction with an electrophysiology study to assess cardiac dynamics throughout development. Postnatal age was associated with an increase in the heart rate (181 ± 34 vs. 429 ± 13 beats/min), faster atrioventricular conduction (94 ± 13 vs. 46 ± 3 ms), shortened action potentials (APD80: 113 ± 18 vs. 60 ± 17 ms), and decreased ventricular refractoriness (VERP: 157 ± 45 vs. 57 ± 14 ms; neonatal vs. adults, means ± SD, P < 0.05). Calcium handling matured with development, resulting in shortened calcium transient durations (168 ± 18 vs. 117 ± 14 ms) and decreased propensity for calcium transient alternans (160 ± 18- vs. 99 ± 11-ms cycle length threshold; neonatal vs. adults, mean ± SD, P < 0.05). Results of this study can serve as a comprehensive baseline for future studies focused on pediatric disease modeling and/or preclinical testing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to assess cardiac electrophysiology and calcium handling throughout postnatal development, using both in vivo and whole heart models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther M Swift
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Morgan Burke
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Devon Guerrelli
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Marissa Reilly
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Manelle Ramadan
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Damon McCullough
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tomas Prudencio
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Colm Mulvany
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ashika Chaluvadi
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rafael Jaimes
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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22
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Defining decreased protein succinylation of failing human cardiac myofibrils in ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:304-317. [PMID: 31836543 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Succinylation is a post-translational modification of protein lysine residues with succinyl groups derived from succinyl CoA. Succinylation is considered a significant post-translational modification with the potential to impact protein function which is highly conserved across numerous species. The role of succinylation in the heart, especially in heart failure and myofibril mechanics, remains largely unexplored. Mechanical parameters were measured in myofibrils isolated from failing hearts of ischemic cardiomyopathy patients and non-failing donor controls. We employed mass spectrometry to quantify differential protein expression in myofibrils from failing ischemic cardiomyopathy hearts compared to non-failing hearts. In addition, we combined peptide enrichment by immunoprecipitation with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantitatively analyze succinylated lysine residues in these myofibrils. Several key parameters of sarcomeric mechanical interactions were altered in myofibrils isolated from failing ischemic cardiomyopathy hearts, including lower resting tension and a faster rate of activation. Of the 100 differentially expressed proteins, 46 showed increased expression in ischemic heart failure, while 54 demonstrated decreased expression in ischemic heart failure. Our quantitative succinylome analysis identified a total of 572 unique succinylated lysine sites located on 181 proteins, with 307 significantly changed succinylation events. We found that 297 succinyl-Lys demonstrated decreased succinylation on 104 proteins, while 10 residues demonstrated increased succinylation on 4 proteins. Investigating succinyl CoA generation, enzyme activity assays demonstrated that α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were significantly decreased in ischemic heart failure. An activity assay for succinyl CoA synthetase demonstrated a significant increase in ischemic heart failure. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that succinyl CoA production is decreased and succinyl CoA turnover is increased in ischemic heart failure, potentially resulting in an overall decrease in the mitochondrial succinyl CoA pool, which may contribute to decreased myofibril protein succinylation in heart failure.
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23
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Pioner JM, Santini L, Palandri C, Martella D, Lupi F, Langione M, Querceto S, Grandinetti B, Balducci V, Benzoni P, Landi S, Barbuti A, Ferrarese Lupi F, Boarino L, Sartiani L, Tesi C, Mack DL, Regnier M, Cerbai E, Parmeggiani C, Poggesi C, Ferrantini C, Coppini R. Optical Investigation of Action Potential and Calcium Handling Maturation of hiPSC-Cardiomyocytes on Biomimetic Substrates. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153799. [PMID: 31382622 PMCID: PMC6695920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) are the most promising human source with preserved genetic background of healthy individuals or patients. This study aimed to establish a systematic procedure for exploring development of hiPSC-CM functional output to predict genetic cardiomyopathy outcomes and identify molecular targets for therapy. Biomimetic substrates with microtopography and physiological stiffness can overcome the immaturity of hiPSC-CM function. We have developed a custom-made apparatus for simultaneous optical measurements of hiPSC-CM action potential and calcium transients to correlate these parameters at specific time points (day 60, 75 and 90 post differentiation) and under inotropic interventions. In later-stages, single hiPSC-CMs revealed prolonged action potential duration, increased calcium transient amplitude and shorter duration that closely resembled those of human adult cardiomyocytes from fresh ventricular tissue of patients. Thus, the major contribution of sarcoplasmic reticulum and positive inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation are time-dependent events underlying excitation contraction coupling (ECC) maturation of hiPSC-CM; biomimetic substrates can promote calcium-handling regulation towards adult-like kinetics. Simultaneous optical recordings of long-term cultured hiPSC-CMs on biomimetic substrates favor high-throughput electrophysiological analysis aimed at testing (mechanistic hypothesis on) disease progression and pharmacological interventions in patient-derived hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josè Manuel Pioner
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Santini
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Martella
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Florence, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, CNR-INO, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Flavia Lupi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Marianna Langione
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Querceto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Bruno Grandinetti
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Benzoni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli studi di Milano, 20137 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Landi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli studi di Milano, 20137 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli studi di Milano, 20137 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Boarino
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica INRiM, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Sartiani
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Parmeggiani
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, Università degli studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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24
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Dvornikov AV, Wang M, Yang J, Zhu P, Le T, Lin X, Cao H, Xu X. Phenotyping an adult zebrafish lamp2 cardiomyopathy model identifies mTOR inhibition as a candidate therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:199-208. [PMID: 31228518 PMCID: PMC6705397 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult zebrafish is an emerging vertebrate model for studying genetic basis of cardiomyopathies; but whether the simple fish heart can model essential features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remained unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive phenotyping of a lamp2 knockout (KO) mutant. LAMP2 encodes a lysosomal protein and is a causative gene of Danon disease that is characterized by HCM and massive autophagic vacuoles accumulation in the tissues. There is no effective therapy yet to treat this most lethal cardiomyopathy in the young. First, we did find the autophagic vacuoles accumulation in cardiac tissues from lamp2 KO. Next, through employing a set of emerging phenotyping tools, we revealed heart failure phenotypes in the lamp2 KO mutants, including decreased ventricular ejection fraction, reduced physical exercise capacity, blunted β-adrenergic contractile response, and enlarged atrium. We also noted changes of the following indices suggesting cardiac hypertrophic remodeling in lamp2 KO: a rounded heart shape, increased end-systolic ventricular volume and density of ventricular myocardium, elevated actomyosin activation kinetics together with increased maximal isometric tension at the level of cardiac myofibrils. Lastly, we assessed the function of lysosomal-localized mTOR on the lamp2-associated Danon disease. We found that haploinsufficiency of mtor was able to normalize some characteristics of the lamp2 KO, including ejection fraction, β-adrenergic response, and the actomyosin activation kinetics. In summary, we demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the inherited HCM in the adult zebrafish, which can be used to develop potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mingmin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tai Le
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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25
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Gentillon C, Li D, Duan M, Yu WM, Preininger MK, Jha R, Rampoldi A, Saraf A, Gibson GC, Qu CK, Brown LA, Xu C. Targeting HIF-1α in combination with PPARα activation and postnatal factors promotes the metabolic maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:120-135. [PMID: 31082397 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immature phenotypes of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) limit the utility of these cells in clinical application and basic research. During cardiac development, postnatal cardiomyocytes experience high oxygen tension along with a concomitant downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), leading to increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO). We hypothesized that targeting HIF-1α alone or in combination with other metabolic regulators could promote the metabolic maturation of hiPSC-CMs. We examined the effect of HIF-1α inhibition on the maturation of hiPSC-CMs and investigated a multipronged approach to promote hiPSC-CM maturation by combining HIF-1α inhibition with molecules that target key pathways involved in the energy metabolism. Cardiac spheres of highly-enriched hiPSC-CMs were treated with a HIF-1α inhibitor alone or in combination with an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) and three postnatal factors (triiodothyronine hormone T3, insulin-like growth factor-1 and dexamethasone). HIF-1α inhibition significantly increased FAO and basal and maximal respiration of hiPSC-CMs. Combining HIF-1α inhibition with PPARα activation and the postnatal factors further increased FAO and improved mitochondrial maturation in hiPSC-CMs. Compared with mock-treated cultures, the cultures treated with the five factors had increased mitochondrial content and contained more cells with mitochondrial distribution throughout the cells, which are features of more mature cardiomyocytes. Consistent with these observations, a number of transcriptional regulators of mitochondrial metabolic processes were upregulated in hiPSC-CMs treated with the five factors. Furthermore, these cells had significantly increased Ca2+ transient kinetics and contraction and relaxation velocities, which are functional features for more mature cardiomyocytes. Therefore, targeting HIF-1α in combination with other metabolic regulators significantly improves the metabolic maturation of hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinsley Gentillon
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meixue Duan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcela K Preininger
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajneesh Jha
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonio Rampoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anita Saraf
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory C Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lou Ann Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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26
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In vitro analyses of suspected arrhythmogenic thin filament variants as a cause of sudden cardiac death in infants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6969-6974. [PMID: 30886088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819023116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death of an infant (SUDI) is a devastating occurrence for families. To investigate the genetic pathogenesis of SUDI, we sequenced >70 genes from 191 autopsy-negative SUDI victims. Ten infants sharing a previously unknown variant in troponin I (TnI) were identified. The mutation (TNNI1 R37C+/-) is in the fetal/neonatal paralog of TnI, a gene thought to be expressed in the heart up to the first 24 months of life. Using phylogenetic analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, it was determined that arginine at residue 37 in TNNI1 may play a critical functional role, suggesting that the variant may be pathogenic. We investigated the biophysical properties of the TNNI1 R37C mutation in human reconstituted thin filaments (RTFs) using fluorometry. RTFs reconstituted with the mutant R37C TnI exhibited reduced Ca2+-binding sensitivity due to an increased Ca2+ off-rate constant. Furthermore, we generated TNNI1 R37C+/- mutants in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) using CRISPR-Cas9. In monolayers of hiPSC-CMs, we simultaneously monitored voltage and Ca2+ transients through optical mapping and compared them to their isogenic controls. We observed normal intrinsic beating patterns under control conditions in TNNI1 R37C+/- at stimulation frequencies of 55 beats/min (bpm), but these cells showed no restitution with increased stimulation frequency to 65 bpm and exhibited alternans at >75 bpm. The WT hiPSC-CMs did not exhibit any sign of arrhythmogenicity even at stimulation frequencies of 120 bpm. The approach used in this study provides critical physiological and mechanistic bases to investigate sarcomeric mutations in the pathogenesis of SUDI.
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27
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Morrison JL, Botting KJ, Darby JRT, David AL, Dyson RM, Gatford KL, Gray C, Herrera EA, Hirst JJ, Kim B, Kind KL, Krause BJ, Matthews SG, Palliser HK, Regnault TRH, Richardson BS, Sasaki A, Thompson LP, Berry MJ. Guinea pig models for translation of the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis into the clinic. J Physiol 2018; 596:5535-5569. [PMID: 29633280 PMCID: PMC6265540 DOI: 10.1113/jp274948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 30 years ago Professor David Barker first proposed the theory that events in early life could explain an individual's risk of non-communicable disease in later life: the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. During the 1990s the validity of the DOHaD hypothesis was extensively tested in a number of human populations and the mechanisms underpinning it characterised in a range of experimental animal models. Over the past decade, researchers have sought to use this mechanistic understanding of DOHaD to develop therapeutic interventions during pregnancy and early life to improve adult health. A variety of animal models have been used to develop and evaluate interventions, each with strengths and limitations. It is becoming apparent that effective translational research requires that the animal paradigm selected mirrors the tempo of human fetal growth and development as closely as possible so that the effect of a perinatal insult and/or therapeutic intervention can be fully assessed. The guinea pig is one such animal model that over the past two decades has demonstrated itself to be a very useful platform for these important reproductive studies. This review highlights similarities in the in utero development between humans and guinea pigs, the strengths and limitations of the guinea pig as an experimental model of DOHaD and the guinea pig's potential to enhance clinical therapeutic innovation to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kimberley J. Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Anna L. David
- Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rebecca M. Dyson
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and Centre for Translational PhysiologyUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Kathryn L. Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Clint Gray
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and Centre for Translational PhysiologyUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- Pathophysiology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Jonathan J. Hirst
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bona Kim
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Karen L. Kind
- School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Bernardo J. Krause
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Hannah K. Palliser
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Physiology and PharmacologyWestern University, and Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Bryan S. Richardson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Physiology and PharmacologyWestern University, and Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Aya Sasaki
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Loren P. Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Mary J. Berry
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and Centre for Translational PhysiologyUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
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28
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Truskey GA. Development and application of human skeletal muscle microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3061-3073. [PMID: 30183050 PMCID: PMC6177290 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A number of major disease states involve skeletal muscle, including type 2 diabetes, muscular dystrophy, sarcopenia and cachexia arising from cancer or heart disease. Animals do not accurately represent many of these disease states. Human skeletal muscle microphysiological systems derived from primary or induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide an in vitro model of genetic and chronic diseases and assess individual variations. Three-dimensional culture systems more accurately represent skeletal muscle function than do two-dimensional cultures. While muscle biopsies enable culture of primary muscle cells, hPSCs provide the opportunity to sample a wider population of donors. Recent advances to promote maturation of PSC-derived skeletal muscle provide an alternative to primary cells. While contractile function is often measured in three-dimensional cultures and several systems exist to characterize contraction of small numbers of muscle fibers, there is a need for functional measures of metabolism suited for microphysiological systems. Future research should address generation of well-differentiated hPSC-derived muscle cells, enabling muscle repair in vitro, and improved disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 1427 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA.
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29
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Spletter ML, Barz C, Yeroslaviz A, Zhang X, Lemke SB, Bonnard A, Brunner E, Cardone G, Basler K, Habermann BH, Schnorrer F. A transcriptomics resource reveals a transcriptional transition during ordered sarcomere morphogenesis in flight muscle. eLife 2018; 7:34058. [PMID: 29846170 PMCID: PMC6005683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscles organise pseudo-crystalline arrays of actin, myosin and titin filaments to build force-producing sarcomeres. To study sarcomerogenesis, we have generated a transcriptomics resource of developing Drosophila flight muscles and identified 40 distinct expression profile clusters. Strikingly, most sarcomeric components group in two clusters, which are strongly induced after all myofibrils have been assembled, indicating a transcriptional transition during myofibrillogenesis. Following myofibril assembly, many short sarcomeres are added to each myofibril. Subsequently, all sarcomeres mature, reaching 1.5 µm diameter and 3.2 µm length and acquiring stretch-sensitivity. The efficient induction of the transcriptional transition during myofibrillogenesis, including the transcriptional boost of sarcomeric components, requires in part the transcriptional regulator Spalt major. As a consequence of Spalt knock-down, sarcomere maturation is defective and fibers fail to gain stretch-sensitivity. Together, this defines an ordered sarcomere morphogenesis process under precise transcriptional control - a concept that may also apply to vertebrate muscle or heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Spletter
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Biomedical Center, Physiological ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany
| | - Christiane Barz
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Computational Biology GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Xu Zhang
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityGuangdongChina
| | - Sandra B Lemke
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Adrien Bonnard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGCMarseilleFrance
| | - Erich Brunner
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giovanni Cardone
- Imaging FacilityMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Computational Biology GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGCMarseilleFrance
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
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30
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Iorga B, Schwanke K, Weber N, Wendland M, Greten S, Piep B, Dos Remedios CG, Martin U, Zweigerdt R, Kraft T, Brenner B. Differences in Contractile Function of Myofibrils within Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes vs. Adult Ventricular Myofibrils Are Related to Distinct Sarcomeric Protein Isoforms. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1111. [PMID: 29403388 PMCID: PMC5780405 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the contractile function of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is key for advancing their utility for cellular disease models, promoting cell based heart repair, or developing novel pharmacological interventions targeting cardiac diseases. The aim of the present study was to understand whether steady-state and kinetic force parameters of β-myosin heavy chain (βMyHC) isoform-expressing myofibrils within human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) differentiated in vitro resemble those of human ventricular myofibrils (hvMFs) isolated from adult donor hearts. Contractile parameters were determined using the same micromechanical method and experimental conditions for both types of myofibrils. We identified isoforms and phosphorylation of main sarcomeric proteins involved in the modulation of force generation of both, chemically demembranated hESC-CMs (d-hESC-CMs) and hvMFs. Our results indicate that at saturating Ca2+ concentration, both human-derived contractile systems developed forces with similar rate constants (0.66 and 0.68 s−1), reaching maximum isometric force that was significantly smaller for d-hESC-CMs (42 kPa) than for hvMFs (94 kPa). At submaximal Ca2+-activation, where intact cardiomyocytes normally operate, contractile parameters of d-hESC-CMs and hvMFs exhibited differences. Ca2+ sensitivity of force was higher for d-hESC-CMs (pCa50 = 6.04) than for hvMFs (pCa50 = 5.80). At half-maximum activation, the rate constant for force redevelopment was significantly faster for d-hESC-CMs (0.51 s−1) than for hvMFs (0.28 s−1). During myofibril relaxation, kinetics of the slow force decay phase were significantly faster for d-hESC-CMs (0.26 s−1) than for hvMFs (0.21 s−1), while kinetics of the fast force decay were similar and ~20x faster. Protein analysis revealed that hESC-CMs had essentially no cardiac troponin-I, and partially non-ventricular isoforms of some other sarcomeric proteins, explaining the functional discrepancies. The sarcomeric protein isoform pattern of hESC-CMs had features of human cardiomyocytes at an early developmental stage. The study indicates that morphological and ultrastructural maturation of βMyHC isoform-expressing hESC-CMs is not necessarily accompanied by ventricular-like expression of all sarcomeric proteins. Our data suggest that hPSC-CMs could provide useful tools for investigating inherited cardiac diseases affecting contractile function during early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Iorga
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kristin Schwanke
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, REBIRTH-Center for Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie Weber
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Wendland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Greten
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Piep
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Martin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, REBIRTH-Center for Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, REBIRTH-Center for Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brenner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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31
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Bollen IAE, van der Meulen M, de Goede K, Kuster DWD, Dalinghaus M, van der Velden J. Cardiomyocyte Hypocontractility and Reduced Myofibril Density in End-Stage Pediatric Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1103. [PMID: 29312005 PMCID: PMC5743800 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy amongst children (pediatric cardiomyopathy, pediatric CM) is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Because little is known about the pathophysiology of pediatric CM, treatment is largely based on adult heart failure therapy. The reason for high morbidity and mortality is largely unknown as well as data on cellular pathomechanisms is limited. Here, we assessed cardiomyocyte contractility and protein expression to define cellular pathomechanisms in pediatric CM. Explanted heart tissue of 11 pediatric CM patients and 18 controls was studied. Contractility was measured in single membrane-permeabilized cardiomyocytes and protein expression was assessed with gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. We observed increased Ca2+-sensitivity of myofilaments which was due to hypophosphorylation of cardiac troponin I, a feature commonly observed in adult DCM. We also found a significantly reduced maximal force generating capacity of pediatric CM cardiomyocytes, as well as a reduced passive force development over a range of sarcomere lengths. Myofibril density was reduced in pediatric CM compared to controls. Correction of maximal force and passive force for myofibril density normalized forces in pediatric CM cardiomyocytes to control values. This implies that the hypocontractility was caused by the reduction in myofibril density. Unlike in adult DCM we did not find an increase in compliant titin isoform expression in end-stage pediatric CM. The limited ability of pediatric CM patients to maintain myofibril density might have contributed to their early disease onset and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse A E Bollen
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marijke van der Meulen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kyra de Goede
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Dalinghaus
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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32
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Functional screening in human cardiac organoids reveals a metabolic mechanism for cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8372-E8381. [PMID: 28916735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707316114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heart undergoes maturation during postnatal life to meet the increased functional requirements of an adult. However, the key drivers of this process remain poorly defined. We are currently unable to recapitulate postnatal maturation in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs), limiting their potential as a model system to discover regenerative therapeutics. Here, we provide a summary of our studies, where we developed a 96-well device for functional screening in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids (hCOs). Through interrogation of >10,000 organoids, we systematically optimize parameters, including extracellular matrix (ECM), metabolic substrate, and growth factor conditions, that enhance cardiac tissue viability, function, and maturation. Under optimized maturation conditions, functional and molecular characterization revealed that a switch to fatty acid metabolism was a central driver of cardiac maturation. Under these conditions, hPSC-CMs were refractory to mitogenic stimuli, and we found that key proliferation pathways including β-catenin and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) were repressed. This proliferative barrier imposed by fatty acid metabolism in hCOs could be rescued by simultaneous activation of both β-catenin and YAP1 using genetic approaches or a small molecule activating both pathways. These studies highlight that human organoids coupled with higher-throughput screening platforms have the potential to rapidly expand our knowledge of human biology and potentially unlock therapeutic strategies.
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33
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Fetal programming as a predictor of adult health or disease: the need to reevaluate fetal heart function. Heart Fail Rev 2017; 22:861-877. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Solaro RJ. Why we need to understand the mechanics of developing cardiac sarcomeres in humans. J Physiol 2016; 594:255. [PMID: 26767884 DOI: 10.1113/jp271706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Centre for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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35
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Elhamine F, Iorga B, Krüger M, Hunger M, Eckhardt J, Sreeram N, Bennink G, Brockmeier K, Pfitzer G, Stehle R. Postnatal Development of Right Ventricular Myofibrillar Biomechanics in Relation to the Sarcomeric Protein Phenotype in Pediatric Patients with Conotruncal Heart Defects. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003699. [PMID: 27353610 PMCID: PMC4937289 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background The postnatal development of myofibrillar mechanics, a major determinant of heart function, is unknown in pediatric patients with tetralogy of Fallot and related structural heart defects. We therefore determined the mechanical properties of myofibrils isolated from right ventricular tissue samples from such patients in relation to the developmental changes of the isoforms expression pattern of key sarcomere proteins involved in the contractile process. Methods and Results Tissue samples from the infundibulum obtained during surgery from 25 patients (age range 15 days to 11 years, median 7 months) were split into half for mechanical investigations and expression analysis of titin, myosin heavy and light chain 1, troponin‐T, and troponin‐I. Of these proteins, fetal isoforms of only myosin light chain 1 (ALC‐1) and troponin‐I (ssTnI) were highly expressed in neonates, amounting to, respectively, 40% and 80%, while the other proteins had switched to the adult isoforms before or around birth. ALC‐1 and ssTnI expression subsequently declined monoexponentially with a halftime of 4.3 and 5.8 months, respectively. Coincident with the expression of ssTnI, Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction was high in neonates and subsequently declined in parallel with the decline in ssTnI expression. Passive tension positively correlated with Ca2+ sensitivity but not with titin expression. Contraction kinetics, maximal Ca2+‐activated force, and the fast phase of the biphasic relaxation positively correlated with the expression of ALC‐1. Conclusions The developmental changes in myofibrillar biomechanics can be ascribed to fetal‐to‐adult isoform transition of key sarcomeric proteins, which evolves regardless of the specific congenital cardiac malformations in our pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Elhamine
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Bogdan Iorga
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Martina Krüger
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Mona Hunger
- Clinics for Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Jan Eckhardt
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Robert Stehle
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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36
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Broughton KM, Li J, Sarmah E, Warren CM, Lin YH, Henze MP, Sanchez-Freire V, Solaro RJ, Russell B. A myosin activator improves actin assembly and sarcomere function of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with a troponin T point mutation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H107-17. [PMID: 27199119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00162.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated cardiac myocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) from two normal control and two family members expressing a mutant cardiac troponin T (cTnT-R173W) linked to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). cTnT is a regulatory protein of the sarcomeric thin filament. The loss of this basic charge, which is strategically located to control tension, has consequences leading to progressive DCM. iPSC-CMs serve as a valuable platform for understanding clinically relevant mutations in sarcomeric proteins; however, there are important questions to be addressed with regard to myocyte adaptation that we model here by plating iPSC-CMs on softer substrates (100 kPa) to create a more physiologic environment during recovery and maturation of iPSC-CMs after thawing from cryopreservation. During the first week of culture of the iPSC-CMs, we have determined structural and functional characteristics as well as actin assembly dynamics. Shortening, actin content, and actin assembly dynamics were depressed in CMs from the severely affected mutant at 1 wk of culture, but by 2 wk differences were less apparent. Sarcomeric troponin and myosin isoform composition were fetal/neonatal. Furthermore, the troponin complex, reconstituted with wild-type cTnT or recombinant cTnT-R173W, depressed the entry of cross-bridges into the force-generating state, which can be reversed by the myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil. Therapeutic doses of this drug increased both contractility and the content of F-actin in the mutant iPSC-CMs. Collectively, our data suggest the use of a myosin activation reagent to restore function within patient-specific iPSC-CMs may aid in understanding and treating this familial DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Broughton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - E Sarmah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C M Warren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Y-H Lin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - M P Henze
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - V Sanchez-Freire
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - R J Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - B Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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37
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Pioner JM, Racca AW, Klaiman JM, Yang KC, Guan X, Pabon L, Muskheli V, Zaunbrecher R, Macadangdang J, Jeong MY, Mack DL, Childers MK, Kim DH, Tesi C, Poggesi C, Murry CE, Regnier M. Isolation and Mechanical Measurements of Myofibrils from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:885-896. [PMID: 27161364 PMCID: PMC4911495 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tension production and contractile properties are poorly characterized aspects of excitation-contraction coupling of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Previous approaches have been limited due to the small size and structural immaturity of early-stage hiPSC-CMs. We developed a substrate nanopatterning approach to produce hiPSC-CMs in culture with adult-like dimensions, T-tubule-like structures, and aligned myofibrils. We then isolated myofibrils from hiPSC-CMs and measured the tension and kinetics of activation and relaxation using a custom-built apparatus with fast solution switching. The contractile properties and ultrastructure of myofibrils more closely resembled human fetal myofibrils of similar gestational age than adult preparations. We also demonstrated the ability to study the development of contractile dysfunction of myofibrils from a patient-derived hiPSC-CM cell line carrying the familial cardiomyopathy MYH7 mutation (E848G). These methods can bring new insights to understanding cardiomyocyte maturation and developmental mechanical dysfunction of hiPSC-CMs with cardiomyopathic mutations. The contractile properties of hiPSC-CM myofibrils have not been previously studied hiPSC-CMs cultured on nanopatterned surfaces develop elongated, aligned myofibrils hiPSC-CMs myofibrils have contractile properties similar to human fetal myofibrils hiPSC-CMs can be used to study development of genetically based cardiac diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Josè Manuel Pioner
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 63, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alice W Racca
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jordan M Klaiman
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kai-Chun Yang
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xuan Guan
- Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lil Pabon
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark Y Jeong
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80262, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Martin K Childers
- Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 63, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 63, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Charles E Murry
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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38
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Ponniah JK, Chen H, Adetiba O, Verduzco R, Jacot JG. Mechanoactive materials in cardiac science. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7350-7362. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00069j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically active biomaterials such as shape memory materials, liquid crystal elastomers, dielectric elastomer actuators, and conductive polymers could be used in mechanical devices to augment heart function or condition cardiac cells and artificial tissues for regenerative medicine solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering
- Rice University
- USA
| | - O. Adetiba
- Department of Bioengineering
- Rice University
- USA
| | - R. Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Rice University
- USA
| | - J. G. Jacot
- Department of Bioengineering
- Rice University
- USA
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery
- Texas Children's Hospital
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