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Yamada H, Munetsuna E, Yamazaki M, Mizuno G, Sadamoto N, Ando Y, Fujii R, Shiogama K, Ishikawa H, Suzuki K, Shimono Y, Ohashi K, Hashimoto S. Maternal fructose–induced oxidative stress occurs
via Tfam
and
Ucp5
epigenetic regulation in offspring hippocampi. FASEB J 2019; 33:11431-11442. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901072r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Yamada
- Department of HygieneFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of BiochemistryFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Department of Medical TechnologyKagawa Prefectural University of Health SciencesTakamatsuJapan
| | - Genki Mizuno
- Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical MedicineFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Nao Sadamoto
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical SciencesFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Clinical ExaminationFujita Health University School of Medical SciencesFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical SciencesFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Department of BiochemistryFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
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Grandy M, Snowden JM, Boone-Heinonen J, Purnell JQ, Thornburg KL, Marshall NE. Poorer maternal diet quality and increased birth weight . J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 31:1613-1619. [PMID: 28514885 PMCID: PMC5694379 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1322949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal diet and gestational weight gain (GWG) influence birth weight and infant adiposity, which are important predictors of lifetime health. To better understand these relationships, we studied associations between maternal diet and GWG, adiposity, and birth weight in a well characterized cohort of pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN Data were obtained from 41 term (>37 weeks), uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies according to pre-pregnancy BMI categories of normal (n = 11), overweight (n = 15), or obese (n = 15). Daily consumption of protein, fat, and carbohydrates and a Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) score were determined from 24 h food recall collections. Associations were modeled using multinomial logistic and linear regression. RESULTS Neither the third trimester maternal diet quality nor the macronutrient consumption was associated with GWG after adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, and parity. A ten-point lower HEI-2010 score was associated with 200 g higher infant birth weight and a 1.0 cm longer length. However, maternal HEI-2010 and macronutrient composition were unrelated to infant percent body fat, ponderal index, or abdominal circumference. CONCLUSIONS Poorer third trimester maternal diet quality was associated with higher birth weight and longer length, but was unrelated to markers of infant adiposity. GWG was independent of third trimester maternal diet composition and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Grandy
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jonathan M. Snowden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Janne Boone-Heinonen
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University/Portland State University, Portland, OR
| | - Jonathan Q. Purnell
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Kent L. Thornburg
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Nicole E. Marshall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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3
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Osborne AJ, Dearden PK. A 'phenotypic hangover': the predictive adaptive response and multigenerational effects of altered nutrition on the transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2017; 3:dvx019. [PMID: 29492318 PMCID: PMC5804559 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis predicts that early-life environmental exposures can be detrimental to later-life health and that mismatch between the pre- and post-natal environment may contribute to the growing non-communicable disease epidemic. Within this is an increasingly recognized role for epigenetic mechanisms; for example, epigenetic modifications can be influenced by nutrition and can alter gene expression in mothers and offspring. Currently, there are few whole-genome transcriptional studies of response to nutritional alteration. Thus, we sought to explore how nutrition affects the expression of genes involved in epigenetic processes in Drosophila melanogaster. We manipulated Drosophila food macronutrient composition at the F0 generation, mismatched F1 offspring back to a standard diet and analysed the transcriptome of the F0-F3 generations by RNA sequencing. At F0, the altered (high-protein, low-carbohydrate) diet increased expression of genes classified as having roles in epigenetic processes, with co-ordinated down-regulation of genes involved in immunity, neurotransmission and neurodevelopment, oxidative stress and metabolism. Upon reversion to standard nutrition, mismatched F1 and F2 generations displayed multigenerational inheritance of altered gene expression. By the F3 generation, gene expression had reverted to F0 (matched) levels. These nutritionally induced gene expression changes demonstrate that dietary alterations can up-regulate epigenetic genes, which may influence the expression of genes with broad biological functions. Furthermore, the multigenerational inheritance of the gene expression changes in F1 and F2 mismatched generations suggests a predictive adaptive response to maternal nutrition, aiding the understanding of the interaction between maternal diet and offspring health, with direct implications for the current non-communicable disease epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Osborne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Correspondence address. Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Tel: +64 3 364 2555; E-mail:
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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4
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Marwarha G, Claycombe-Larson K, Schommer J, Ghribi O. Maternal low-protein diet decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the brains of the neonatal rat offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:54-66. [PMID: 28432877 PMCID: PMC5466833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to a maternal low-protein (LP) diet has been known to cause cognitive impairment, learning and memory deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Herein, we demonstrate that a maternal LP diet causes, in the brains of the neonatal rat offspring, an attenuation in the basal expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin indispensable for learning and memory. Female rats were fed either a 20% normal protein (NP) diet or an 8% LP 3 weeks before breeding and during the gestation period. Maternal LP diet caused a significant reduction in the Bdnf expression in the brains of the neonatal rats. We further found that the maternal LP diet reduced the activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. This reduction was associated with a significant decrease in CREB binding to the Bdnf promoters. We also show that prenatal exposure to the maternal LP diet results in an inactive or repressed exon I and exon IV promoter of the Bdnf gene in the brain, as evidenced by fluxes in signatory hallmarks in the enrichment of acetylated and trimethylated histones in the nucleosomes that envelop the exon I and exon IV promoters, causing the Bdnf gene to be refractory to transactivation. Our study is the first to determine the impact of a maternal LP diet on the basal expression of BDNF in the brains of the neonatal rats exposed prenatally to an LP diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Marwarha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Kate Claycombe-Larson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Jared Schommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Othman Ghribi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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Ferreira DJS, da Silva Pedroza AA, Braz GRF, da Silva-Filho RC, Lima TA, Fernandes MP, Doi SQ, Lagranha CJ. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative status disruption in brainstem of weaned rats: Immediate response to maternal protein restriction. Brain Res 2016; 1642:553-561. [PMID: 27109594 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial bioenergetics dysfunction has been postulated as an important mechanism associated to a number of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. One of the hypotheses is that this is caused by the metabolic challenge generated by the mismatch between prenatal predicted and postnatal reality. Perinatal low-protein diet produces several effects that are manifested in the adult animal, including altered sympathetic tone, increased arterial blood pressure and oxidative stress in the brainstem. The majority of the studies related to nutritional programming postulates that the increased risk levels for non-communicable diseases are associated with the incompatibility between prenatal and postnatal environment. However, little is known about the immediate effects of maternal protein restriction on the offspring's brainstem. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a maternal low-protein diet causes tissue damage immediately after exposure to the nutritional insult that can be assessed in the brainstem of weaned offspring. In this regard, a series of assays was conducted to measure the mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brainstem, which is the brain structure responsible for the autonomic cardiovascular control. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed ad libitum with normoprotein (NP; 17% casein) or low-protein (LP; 8% casein) diet throughout pregnancy and lactation periods. At weaning, the male offsprings were euthanized and the brainstem was quickly removed to assess the mitochondria function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane electric potential (ΔΨm), oxidative biomarkers, antioxidant defense and redox status. Our data demonstrated that perinatal LP diet induces an immediate mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the protein restriction induced a marked increase in ROS production, with a decrease in antioxidant defense and redox status. Altogether, our findings suggest that LP-fed animals may be at a higher risk for oxidative metabolism impairment throughout life than NP-fed rats, due to the immediate disruption of the mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative status caused by the LP diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorginis José Soares Ferreira
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Anderson Apolônio da Silva Pedroza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Glauber Ruda Feitoza Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Correia da Silva-Filho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Talitta Arruda Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Sonia Q Doi
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Claudia Jacques Lagranha
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil.
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6
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Liu J, Zhao SR, Reyes T. Neurological and Epigenetic Implications of Nutritional Deficiencies on Psychopathology: Conceptualization and Review of Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18129-48. [PMID: 26251900 PMCID: PMC4581239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a role for epigenetic modifications in the pathophysiology of disease has received significant attention. Many studies are now beginning to explore the gene-environment interactions, which may mediate early-life exposure to risk factors, such as nutritional deficiencies and later development of behavioral problems in children and adults. In this paper, we review the current literature on the role of epigenetics in the development of psychopathology, with a specific focus on the potential for epigenetic modifications to link nutrition and brain development. We propose a conceptual framework whereby epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation) mediate the link between micro- and macro-nutrient deficiency early in life and brain dysfunction (e.g., structural aberration, neurotransmitter perturbation), which has been linked to development of behavior problems later on in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Sophie R Zhao
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Teresa Reyes
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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7
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Hanson MA, Gluckman PD. Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology? Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1027-76. [PMID: 25287859 PMCID: PMC4187033 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological processes associated with chronic, especially noncommunicable, disease (NCD). This field is recognized as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). We discuss the extent to which DOHaD represents the result of the physiological processes of developmental plasticity, which may have potential adverse consequences in terms of NCD risk later, or whether it is the manifestation of pathophysiological processes acting in early life but only becoming apparent as disease later. We argue that the evidence suggests the former, through the operation of conditioning processes induced across the normal range of developmental environments, and we summarize current knowledge of the physiological processes involved. The adaptive pathway to later risk accords with current concepts in evolutionary developmental biology, especially those concerning parental effects. Outside the normal range, effects on development can result in nonadaptive processes, and we review their underlying mechanisms and consequences. New concepts concerning the underlying epigenetic and other mechanisms involved in both disruptive and nondisruptive pathways to disease are reviewed, including the evidence for transgenerational passage of risk from both maternal and paternal lines. These concepts have wider implications for understanding the causes and possible prevention of NCDs such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, for broader social policy and for the increasing attention paid in public health to the lifecourse approach to NCD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hanson
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P D Gluckman
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Schmidt KL, Moore SD, MacDougall-Shackleton EA, MacDougall-Shackleton SA. Early-life stress affects song complexity, song learning and volume of the brain nucleus RA in adult male song sparrows. Anim Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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9
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Effect of maternal low protein diet during pregnancy on the fetal liver of rats. Ann Anat 2013; 195:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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[Effects of food restriction imposed to adult rats on the bone growth and the histological structure of the thyroid in their youth]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 60:296-300. [PMID: 22041177 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY PURPOSE Our objective was the study of the development and the maturation of pups whose mothers were subjected to intermittent fasting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight pregnant female Wistar rats were distributed into two groups of four adult females. The rats of the first group were subjected to intermittent fasting beginning on the 14th day of gestation and continued 21 days after parturition. The rats of the second group were normally fed. The young of both groups of rats were sacrificed at the age of 21 days. RESULTS The pups of the female rats submitted to food restriction showed a reduction of the body weight (-35%), of the thyroid iodine content (P<0.001) and of segment thyroxin (P<0.05). The histological study revealed that these pups presented colloid depletion of this follicular thyroid, non-anastomosing trabeculae, cortical bone thinning, decreased bone mineral content, absence of osteoid formation and decreased number of osteoclasts. CONCLUSION Dietary restriction imposed on adult rats, from gestation, led to the installation in their pups of a state of malnutrition and a description of thyroid histology. This thyroid abnormality is associated with hypothyroidism that led, at least in part, to the collapse of the ability to regulate bone remodeling.
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Sable P, Dangat K, Kale A, Joshi S. Altered brain neurotrophins at birth: consequence of imbalance in maternal folic acid and vitamin B12 metabolism. Neuroscience 2011; 190:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Maternal low-protein diet-induced delayed reflex ontogeny is attenuated by moderate physical training during gestation in rats. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:372-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of moderate- to low-intensity physical training during gestation on reflex ontogeny in neonate rats whose mothers were undernourished. Virgin female Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: untrained (NT, n 7); trained (T, n 7); untrained with a low-protein diet (NT+LP, n 7); trained with a low-protein diet (T+LP, n 4). Trained rats were subjected to a protocol of moderate physical training on a treadmill over a period of 4 weeks (5 d/week and 60 min/d, at 65 % of VO2max). After confirming the pregnancy, the intensity and duration of the exercise were reduced. Low-protein groups were provided with an 8 % casein diet, and controls were provided with a 17 % casein diet. Their respective offspring were evaluated (during the 10th–17th days of postnatal life) in terms of physical feature maturation, somatic growth and reflex ontogeny. Pups born to mothers provided with the low-protein diet during gestation and lactation showed delayed physical feature and reflex maturation and a deficit in somatic growth when compared with controls. However, most of these deficiencies were attenuated in pups of undernourished mothers undergoing training. In conclusion, physical training during gestation attenuates the effects of perinatal undernutrition on some patterns of maturation in the central nervous system during development.
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Alexandre-Gouabau MCF, Bailly E, Moyon TL, Grit IC, Coupé B, Le Drean G, Rogniaux HJ, Parnet P. Postnatal growth velocity modulates alterations of proteins involved in metabolism and neuronal plasticity in neonatal hypothalamus in rats born with intrauterine growth restriction. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:140-52. [PMID: 21429728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to maternal protein restriction is associated in rats with an alteration in hypothalamic centers involved in feeding behaviour. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of perinatal maternal undernutrition in the brain, we used proteomics approach to identify hypothalamic proteins that are altered in their expression following protein restriction in utero. We used an animal model in which restriction of the protein intake of pregnant rats (8% vs. 20%) produces IUGR pups which were randomized to a nursing regimen leading to either rapid or slow catch-up growth. We identified several proteins which allowed, by multivariate analysis, a very good discrimination of the three groups according to their perinatal nutrition. These proteins were related to energy-sensing pathways (Eno 1, E(2)PDH, Acot 1 and Fabp5), redox status (Bcs 1L, PrdX3 and 14-3-3 protein) or amino acid pathway (Acy1) as well as neurodevelopment (DRPs, MAP2, Snca). In addition, the differential expressions of several key proteins suggested possible shunts towards ketone-body metabolism and lipid oxidation, providing the energy and carbon skeletons necessary to lipogenesis. Our results show that maternal protein deprivation during pregnancy only (IUGR with rapid catch-up growth) or pregnancy and lactation (IUGR with slow postnatal growth) modulates numerous metabolic pathways resulting in alterations of hypothalamic energy supply. As several of these pathways are involved in signalling, it remains to be determined whether hypothalamic proteome adaptation of IUGR rats in response to different postnatal growth rates could also interfere with cerebral plasticity or neuronal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile F Alexandre-Gouabau
- INRA and University of Nantes, UMR-1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles CHU Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
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Pinos H, Pérez-Izquierdo MA, Carrillo B, Collado P. Effects of undernourishment on the hypothalamic orexinergic system. Physiol Behav 2010; 102:17-21. [PMID: 20932853 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of a severely restricted diet during the pre- and postnatal periods with later nutritional rehabilitation on orexin hypothalamic neurons in male and female Wistar rats. Immunocytochemistry was used to reveal orexin-immunoreactive (orexin-ir) cells in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), lateral hypothalamic area (LH) and the perifornical nucleus (PF). Dietary restriction decreased the number of orexin-ir cells in the LH, whereas DMH or PF orexin-ir populations were not affected in either male or female rats. Nutritional rehabilitation resulted in a differential recovery that depended on the period during which rehabilitation occurred and on the sex of the animal. In summary, our study suggests that the hypothalamic nuclei implicated in eating behavior present a differential vulnerability to adverse environmental conditions during development. Specifically, among the studied nuclei only the LH orexin-ir cells were sensitive to severe food deprivation during development in male and female rats. These results suggest that starvation interferes with developmental events that occur during CNS sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pinos
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) C/Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Li N, Yang J, Zhang T, Yang Z. Effects of maternal food restriction on physical growth and neurobehavior in newborn Wistar rats. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Araújo TND, Queiroz LVCD, Lira KDSD, Franca TJBDM, Moraes SRAD. Condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado promove redução no rápido ganho de peso de ratos adultos desnutridos nos períodos de gestação e lactação. REV NUTR 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732010000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Foram avaliados os efeitos do condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado sobre o peso corporal e o ganho de peso de animais submetidos à desnutrição na gestação e lactação e alimentados com dieta normoprotéica após o desmame. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos Wistar foram gerados e amamentados por nutrizes alimentadas com dieta normoprotéica (caseína 17%) e dieta hipoprotéica (caseína 8%), formando os grupos Nutridos (n=18) e Desnutridos (n=17) inicialmente e, após o desmame, foram alimentados com dieta normoprotéica padrão do biotério (Labina®, Purina). Aos 60 dias de vida, os animais foram subdivididos em quatro grupos: Nutrido Sedentário (n=9), Nutrido Condicionado (n=7), Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (n=8) e Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (n=9). O condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado foi realizado em esteira elétrica durante 8 semanas, 5 dias/ semana, 60min/dia e os animais sofreram eutanásia após o término do protocolo. Realizaram-se as análises do peso corporal (g) e do ganho de peso corporal (%). RESULTADOS: Observou-se menor peso corporal nos grupos Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (247,00: 134,00 - 335,00) e Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (245,00: 166,00 - 324,50) comparados respectivamente, aos grupos Nutrido Sedentário (303,75: 176,00 - 372,00) e Nutrido Condicionado (290,25: 190,00 - 372,00) (p<0,05). O ganho de peso mostrou-se maior nos animais do grupo Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (35,40: -6,20 - 77,10) comparado ao Nutrido Sedentário (24,30: -7,50 - 44,30) (p<0,05) e comparado ao Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (20,50: -2,30 - 59,00) (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado exerceu um efeito benéfico por ter reduzido o rápido ganho de peso (catch up) dos animais adultos desnutridos na gestação e lactação e alimentados com dieta normoprotéica após o desmame.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood externalizing behavior (aggression, hyperactivity, and conduct disorder) has been increasingly viewed as a public health problem because of its etiology and outcome. The association between malnutrition and externalizing behavior has begun to receive attention. This review summarizes recent empirical findings on malnutrition as a risk factor for the development of externalizing behavior, with an emphasis on micronutrient deficiency, and explores brain dysfunction as a possible mechanism. RECENT FINDINGS Externalizing behavior is associated with both macromalnutrition (e.g. protein) and micromalnutrition (e.g. iron and zinc). Both prenatal and postnatal malnutrition is implicated. The long-term effects of malnutrition on behavior could be reversible. The effects of docosahexaenoic acid/omega-3 long-chain essential fatty acid on externalizing behavior are more mixed. From animal and human findings, it is hypothesized that malnutrition impairs neurocognitive functioning by reducing neurons, alternating neurotransmitter functioning, and increasing neurotoxicity, and that such neurocognitive impairments predispose to externalizing behavior. SUMMARY Different lines of evidence support the view that poor nutrition contributes to the development of child behavior problems. More randomized, controlled trials that manipulate nutritional intake and evaluate behavior in children are needed to evaluate the etiological role of nutrition in externalizing behavior in order to inform intervention and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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