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Muderrisoglu AE, Ciotkowska A, Rutz B, Hu S, Qian S, Tamalunas A, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Dynamic phenotypic shifts and M2 receptor downregulation in bladder smooth muscle cells induced by mirabegron. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1446831. [PMID: 39114356 PMCID: PMC11303193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1446831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mirabegron is available for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). However, mechanisms underlying symptom improvements and long-term effects on bladder smooth muscle cells are uncertain. Contractility and growth of bladder smooth muscle contribute to OAB, and depend on smooth muscle phenotypes, and on muscarinic receptor expression. Here, we examined prolonged exposure to mirabegron (20-48 h) on phenotype markers, muscarinic receptor expression, and phenotype-dependent functions in human bladder smooth muscle cells (hBSMC). Methods Expression of markers for contractile (calponin, MYH11) and proliferative (MYH10, vimentin) phenotypes, proliferation (Ki-67), and of muscarinic receptors were assessed by RT-PCR. Proliferation, viability, actin organization and contractions in cultured hBSMC were examined by EdU, CCK-8, phalloidin staining and matrix contraction assays. Results Calponin-1 mRNA decreased with 100 nM and 150 nM mirabegron applied for 20 h (0.56-0.6 fold of controls). Decreases were resistant to the β3-AR antagonist L-748,337 (0.34-0.55 fold, 100-150 nM, 20 h). After 40 h, decreases occured in the presence of L-748,337, but not without L-748,337. MYH11 mRNA increased with 150 nM mirabegron (40 h, 1.9 fold). This was partly preserved with L-748,337, but not observed after 20 h mirabegron exposure. Vimentin mRNA reduced with 150 nM mirabegron after 20 h, but not after 40 h, with and without L-748,337 (0.71-0.63 fold). MYH10 mRNA expression remained unaffected by mirabegron. Exposure to 150 nM mirabegron increased Ki-67 mRNA after 20 h in the presence of, but not without L-748,337, and after 40 h without, but not with L-748,337. Proliferation rates and actin organization were stable with 50-150 nM mirabegron (24 h, 48 h). Viability increased significantly after mirabegron exposure for 20 h, and by trend after 40 h, which was fully sensitive to L-748,337. M2 mRNA was reduced by 20 h mirabegron, which was resistant to L-748,337. Carbachol (3 µM) enhanced time-dependent contractions of hBSMC, which was inhibited by mirabegron (150 nM) in late phases (24 h), but not in early phases of contractions. Conclusion: Mirabegron induces dynamic phenotype alterations and M2 downregulation in hBSMC, which is paralleled by time-shifted anticontractile effects. Phenotype transitions may be involved in improvements of storage symptoms in OAB by mirabegron.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Muderrisoglu
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - A. Ciotkowska
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B. Rutz
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Hu
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Qian
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Tamalunas
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C. G. Stief
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Hennenberg
- Department of Urology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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2
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Zhou H, Ke J, Liu C, Zhu M, Xiao B, Wang Q, Hou R, Zheng Y, Wu Y, Zhou X, Chen X, Pan H. Potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic value of calponin 1: A pan-cancer analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184250. [PMID: 37153789 PMCID: PMC10160448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence has suggested a pro-oncogenic role of calponin 1 (CNN1) in the initiation of a variety of cancers. Despite this, CNN1 remains unknown in terms of its effects and mechanisms on angiogenesis, prognosis, and immunology in cancer. Materials and Methods: The expression of CNN1 was extracted and analyzed using the TIMER, UALCAN, and GEPIA databases. Meanwhile, we analyzed the diagnostic value of CNN1 by using PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plots. To elucidate the value of CNN1 in immunotherapy, we used the TIMER 2.0 database, TISIDB database, and Sangerbox database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze the expression pattern and bio-progression of CNN1 and the vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in cancer. The expressions of CNN1 and VEGF in gastric cancer were confirmed using immunohistochemistry. We used Cox regression analysis to investigate the association between pathological characteristics, clinical prognosis, and CNN1 and VEGF expressions in patients with gastric cancer. Results: CNN1 expression was higher in normal tissues than it was in tumor tissues of most types of cancers. However, the expression level rebounds during the development of tumors. High levels of CNN1 indicate a poor prognosis for 11 tumors, which include stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). There is a relationship between CNN1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and the marker genes NRP1 and TNFRSF14 of TILs are significantly related to CNN1 expression in gastric cancers. The GSEA results confirmed the lower expression of CNN1 in tumors when compared to normal tissues. However, CNN1 again showed an increasing trend during tumor development. In addition, the results also suggest that CNN1 is involved in angiogenesis. The immunohistochemistry results validated the GSEA result (take gastric cancer as an example). Cox analysis suggested that high CNN1 expression and high VEGF expression are closely associated with poor clinical prognosis. Conclusion: Our study has shown that CNN1 expression is aberrantly elevated in various cancers and positively correlates with angiogenesis and the immune checkpoint, contributing to cancer progression and poor prognosis. These results suggest that CNN1 could serve as a promising candidate for pan-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Ke
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Gaozhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaozhou, China
| | - Changhua Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menglu Zhu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijuan Xiao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Namyue Natural Medicine Co., Ltd., Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | | | - Yongqiang Wu
- Gaozhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaozhou, China
| | | | - Xinlin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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3
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Matusovsky OS, Kachmar L, Ijpma G, Bates G, Zitouni N, Benedetti A, Lavoie JP, Lauzon AM. Peripheral Airway Smooth Muscle, but Not the Trachealis, Is Hypercontractile in an Equine Model of Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:718-27. [PMID: 26473389 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0180oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heaves is a naturally occurring equine disease that shares many similarities with human asthma, including reversible antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and remodeling. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the trachealis muscle is mechanically representative of the peripheral airway smooth muscle (ASM) in an equine model of asthma. Tracheal and peripheral ASM of heaves-affected horses under exacerbation, or under clinical remission of the disease, and control horses were dissected and freed of epithelium to measure unloaded shortening velocity (Vmax), stress (force/cross-sectional area), methacholine effective concentration at which 50% of the maximum response is obtained, and stiffness. Myofibrillar Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, actomyosin in vitro motility, and contractile protein expression were also measured. Horses with heaves had significantly greater Vmax and Mg(2+)-ATPase activity in peripheral airway but not in tracheal smooth muscle. In addition, a significant correlation was found between Vmax and the time elapsed since the end of the corticosteroid treatment for the peripheral airways in horses with heaves. Maximal stress and stiffness were greater in the peripheral airways of the horses under remission compared with controls and the horses under exacerbation, potentially due to remodeling. Actomyosin in vitro motility was not different between controls and horses with heaves. These data demonstrate that peripheral ASM is mechanically and biochemically altered in heaves, whereas the trachealis behaves as in control horses. It is therefore conceivable that the trachealis muscle may not be representative of the peripheral ASM in human asthma either, but this will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S Matusovsky
- 1 Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linda Kachmar
- 1 Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gijs Ijpma
- 1 Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Genevieve Bates
- 1 Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nedjma Zitouni
- 1 Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- 2 Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,3 Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,4 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- 5 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St.-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- 1 Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,2 Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Al-Shboul OA, Mustafa A, Mohammad M, Al-Shehabat M, Yousef A, Al-Hashimi F. Effect of oxidative stress on the expression of thin filament-associated proteins in gastric smooth muscle cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:225-31. [PMID: 24639107 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thin filament-associated proteins such as calponin, caldesmon, and smoothelin are believed to regulate acto-myosin interaction and thus, muscle contraction. Oxidative stress has been found to affect the normal contractile behavior of smooth muscle and is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. However, very little is known about the effect of oxidative stress on the expression of smooth muscle contractile proteins. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the expression of thin filament-associated proteins in rat gastric smooth muscle. Single smooth muscle cells of the stomach obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Muscle cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (500 μM) for 30 min or the peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) (1 mM) for 90 min to induce oxidative stress. Calponin, caldesmon, and smoothelin expressions were measured via specifically designed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that exposure to exogenous H2O2 or incubation of dispersed gastric muscle cells with SIN-1 significantly increased the expression of calponin, caldesmon, and smoothelin proteins. In conclusion: oxidative stress increases the expression of thin filament-associated proteins in gastric smooth muscle, suggesting an important role in gastrointestinal motility disorders associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Abdullah Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan,
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Alkahtani R, Mahavadi S, Al-Shboul O, Alsharari S, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Changes in the expression of smooth muscle contractile proteins in TNBS- and DSS-induced colitis in mice. Inflammation 2013; 36:1304-15. [PMID: 23794034 PMCID: PMC3823744 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thin filament-associated proteins such as calponin, caldesmon, tropomyosin, and smoothelin are thought to regulate acto-myosin interaction and thus, muscle contraction. However, the effect of inflammation on the expression of thin filament-associated proteins is not known. The aim of the present study is to determine the changes in the expression of calponin, caldesmon, tropomyosin, and smoothelin in colonic smooth muscle from trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)- and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Expression of h-caldesmon, h2-calponin, α-tropomyosin, and smoothelin-A was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Contraction in response to acetylcholine in dispersed muscle cells was measured by scanning micrometry. mRNA and protein expression of α-actin, h2-calponin, h-caldesmon, smoothelin, and α-tropomyosin in colonic muscle strips from mice with TNBS- or DSS-induced colitis was significantly increased compared to control animals. Contraction in response to acetylcholine was significantly decreased in muscle cells isolated from inflamed regions of TNBS- or DSS-treated mice compared to control mice. Our results show that increase in the expression of thin filament-associated contractile proteins, which inhibit acto-myosin interaction, could contribute to decrease in smooth muscle contraction in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alkahtani
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shakir Alsharari
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John R. Grider
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karnam S. Murthy
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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6
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Roman HN, Zitouni NB, Kachmar L, Ijpma G, Hilbert L, Matusovskiy O, Benedetti A, Sobieszek A, Lauzon AM. Unphosphorylated calponin enhances the binding force of unphosphorylated myosin to actin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1830:4634-41. [PMID: 23747303 PMCID: PMC3740034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle has the distinctive ability to maintain force for long periods of time and at low energy costs. While it is generally agreed that this property, called the latch-state, is due to the dephosphorylation of myosin while attached to actin, dephosphorylated-detached myosin can also attach to actin and may contribute to force maintenance. Thus, we investigated the role of calponin in regulating and enhancing the binding force of unphosphorylated tonic muscle myosin to actin. METHODS To measure the effect of calponin on the binding of unphosphorylated myosin to actin, we used the laser trap assay to quantify the average force of unbinding (Funb) in the absence and presence of calponin or phosphorylated calponin. RESULTS Funb from F-actin alone (0.12±0.01pN; mean±SE) was significantly increased in the presence of calponin (0.20±0.02pN). This enhancement was lost when calponin was phosphorylated (0.12±0.01pN). To further verify that this enhancement of Funb was due to the cross-linking of actin to myosin by calponin, we repeated the measurements at high ionic strength. Indeed, the Funb obtained at a [KCl] of 25mM (0.21±0.02pN; mean±SE) was significantly decreased at a [KCl] of 150mM, (0.13±0.01pN). CONCLUSIONS This study provides direct molecular level-evidence that calponin enhances the binding force of unphosphorylated myosin to actin by cross-linking them and that this is reversed upon calponin phosphorylation. Thus, calponin might play an important role in the latch-state. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests a new mechanism that likely contributes to the latch-state, a fundamental and important property of smooth muscle that remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horia Nicolae Roman
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nedjma B. Zitouni
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Linda Kachmar
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gijs Ijpma
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lennart Hilbert
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Applied Mathematics in Bioscience and Medicine, McGill University
| | - Oleg Matusovskiy
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Respiratory Epidemiology & Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Apolinary Sobieszek
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Smooth Muscle Lab at the Life Science Center, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Mitterweg 24
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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7
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Huang Q, Babu GJ, Periasamy M, Eddinger TJ. SMB myosin heavy chain knockout enhances tonic contraction and reduces the rate of force generation in ileum and stomach antrum. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 304:C194-206. [PMID: 23135699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00280.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of SMA and SMB smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in tonic and phasic contractions was studied in phasic (longitudinal ileum and stomach circular antrum) and tonic (stomach circular fundus) smooth muscle tissues of SMB knockout mice. Knocking out the SMB MHC gene eliminated SMB MHC protein expression and resulted in upregulation of the SMA MHC protein without altering the total MHC protein level. Switching from SMB to SMA MHC protein expression decreased the rate of the force transient and increased the sustained tonic force in SMB((-/-)) ileum and antrum with high potassium (KPSS) but not with carbachol (CCh) stimulation. The increased tonic contraction under the depolarized condition was not through changes in second messenger signaling pathways (PKC/CPI-17 or Rho/ROCK signaling pathway) or LC(20) phosphorylation. Biochemical analyses showed that the expression of contractile regulatory proteins (MLCK, MLCP, PKCδ, and CPI-17) did not change significantly in tissues tested except for PKCα protein expression being significantly decreased in the SMB((-/-)) antrum. However, specifically activating PKCα with phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) was not significantly different in knockout and wild-type tissues, with total force being a fraction of the force generation with KPSS or CCh stimulation in SMB((-/-)) ileum and antrum. Taken together, these data show removing the SMB MHC protein expression with a compensatory increase in the SMA MHC protein results in enhanced sustained KPSS-induced tonic contraction with a reduced rate of force generation in these phasic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
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8
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Zderic SA, Chacko S. Alterations in the contractile phenotype of the bladder: lessons for understanding physiological and pathological remodelling of smooth muscle. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:203-17. [PMID: 21707917 PMCID: PMC3289974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The contractile properties of the urinary bladder are changed by the conditions of normal development and partial bladder outlet obstruction. This change in the contractile phenotype is accompanied by changes in the regulatory cascades and filaments that regulate contractility. This review focuses on such changes during the course of normal development and in response to obstruction. Our goal is to discuss the experimental evidence that has accumulated from work in animal models and correlate these findings with the human voiding phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Zderic
- The John W Duckett Jr Center for Pediatric Urology at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Hirota JA, Nguyen TTB, Schaafsma D, Sharma P, Tran T. Airway smooth muscle in asthma: phenotype plasticity and function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008; 22:370-8. [PMID: 19114115 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction which is commonly due to an exaggerated airway narrowing referred to as airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Although debate exists on the complex etiology of AHR, it is clear that airway smooth muscle (ASM) mediated airway narrowing is a major contributor to airway dysfunction. More importantly, it is now appreciated that smooth muscle is far from being a simple cell with only contractile ability properties. Rather, it is more versatile with the capacity to exhibit numerous cellular functions as it adapts to the microenvironment to which it is exposed. The emerging ability of individual smooth muscle cells to undergo changes in their phenotype (phenotype plasticity) and function (functional plasticity) in response to physiological and pathological cues is an important and active area of research. This article provides a brief review of the current knowledge and emerging concepts in the field of ASM phenotype and function both under healthy and asthmatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Yamamura H, Hirano N, Koyama H, Nishizawa Y, Takahashi K. Loss of smooth muscle calponin results in impaired blood vessel maturation in the tumor-host microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:757-63. [PMID: 17391313 PMCID: PMC11159921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between malignant cells and the microenvironment of the local host tissue play a critical role in tumor growth, metastasis and their response to treatment modalities. We investigated the roles of smooth muscle calponin (Cnn1, also called calponin h1 or basic calponin) in the development of tumor vascul ature in vivo by analyzing mutant mice lacking the Cnn1 gene. Here we show that loss of Cnn1 in host mural cells prevents maturation of tumor vasculature. In vitro studies showed that platelet-derived growth factor B-induced vascular smooth muscle migration was downregulated by the Cnn1-deficiency, and forced expression of Cnn1 restored migration. Moreover, destruction of established tumor mass by treatment with an antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody was markedly enhanced in Cnn1-deficient mice. These data, coupled with the knowledge that structural fragility of normal blood vessels is caused by loss of the Cnn1 gene, suggest that Cnn1 plays an important role in the maturation of blood vessels, and may have implications for therapeutic strategies targeting tumor vasculature for treatment of human cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/analysis
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD34/analysis
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Becaplermin
- Blood Vessels/drug effects
- Blood Vessels/metabolism
- Blood Vessels/pathology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth/chemistry
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/immunology
- Calponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Yamamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathophysiology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Osaka City, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
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