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Teplykh A, Zaitsev B, Semyonov A, Borodina I. The study of the influence of the geometry of a lateral electric field resonator on its resonant characteristics. ULTRASONICS 2024; 142:107386. [PMID: 38971006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
An experimental study of the dependence of the electrical impedance of a lateral electric field resonator on its thickness and the size of the gap between the electrodes was carried out. The resonator was made of PZT-19 piezoceramics in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with the shear dimensions of 18 × 20 mm2. Two rectangular electrodes with a gap that varied in the range from 4 to 14 mm were applied on one side of the resonator. For each gap width, the frequency dependences of the real and imaginary parts of the electrical impedance were measured using an impedance analyzer. It has been found that increasing the gap width leads to an increase in the resonant frequency and to an increase in the maximum value of the real part of the impedance. Three series of such experiments were carried out for three values of the resonator thickness: 3.02, 2.38 and 1.9 mm. The resonant characteristics of the resonator were also theoretically analyzed by finite element analysis using two models. One resonator model was based on a two-dimensional finite element method. In this case, the vibration modes that existed due to the finite size of the plate in the direction parallel to the gap between the electrodes were not taken into account. The second model of the resonator used a three-dimensional finite element method, which correctly took into account all vibration modes existing in the resonator. Comparison of theory with experiment has shown that the three-dimensional model provides a better agreement between theoretical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Teplykh
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
| | - Boris Zaitsev
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia.
| | - Alexander Semyonov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
| | - Irina Borodina
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
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Hong R, Sun H, Li D, Yang W, Fan K, Liu C, Dong L, Wang G. A Review of Biosensors for Detecting Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:342. [PMID: 35330093 PMCID: PMC8955405 DOI: 10.3390/life12030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest cancer incidence rate in women. Early screening of breast cancer can effectively improve the treatment effect of patients. However, the main diagnostic techniques available for the detection of breast cancer require the corresponding equipment, professional practitioners, and expert analysis, and the detection cost is high. Tumor markers are a kind of active substance that can indicate the existence and growth of the tumor. The detection of tumor markers can effectively assist the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The conventional detection methods of tumor markers have some shortcomings, such as insufficient sensitivity, expensive equipment, and complicated operations. Compared with these methods, biosensors have the advantages of high sensitivity, simple operation, low equipment cost, and can quantitatively detect all kinds of tumor markers. This review summarizes the biosensors (2013-2021) for the detection of breast cancer biomarkers. Firstly, the various reported tumor markers of breast cancer are introduced. Then, the development of biosensors designed for the sensitive, stable, and selective recognition of breast cancer biomarkers was systematically discussed, with special attention to the main clinical biomarkers, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and estrogen receptor (ER). Finally, the opportunities and challenges of developing efficient biosensors in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hong
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.H.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (K.F.); (C.L.); (L.D.); (G.W.)
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.H.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (K.F.); (C.L.); (L.D.); (G.W.)
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dujuan Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.H.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (K.F.); (C.L.); (L.D.); (G.W.)
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weihuang Yang
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.H.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (K.F.); (C.L.); (L.D.); (G.W.)
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.H.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (K.F.); (C.L.); (L.D.); (G.W.)
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.H.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (K.F.); (C.L.); (L.D.); (G.W.)
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Linxi Dong
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.H.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (K.F.); (C.L.); (L.D.); (G.W.)
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.H.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (K.F.); (C.L.); (L.D.); (G.W.)
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Abstract
This paper presents impedance measurements of ferroelectric structures involving lead-free oxide and polymer-oxide composite coatings for sensing and energy harvesting applications. Three different ferroelectric materials grown by conventional microfabrication technologies on solid or flexible substrates are investigated for their basic resonant characteristics. Equivalent electrical circuit models are applied to all cases to explain the electrical behavior of the structures, according to the materials type and thickness. The analytical results show good agreement with the experiments carried out on a basic types of excited thin-film piezoelectric transducers. Additionally, temperature and frequency dependences of the dielectric permittivity and losses are measured for the polymer-oxide composite device in relation with the surface morphology before and after introduction of the polymer to the functional film.
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