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Harada H, Kaneko M, Ito H. Rotational manipulation of a microscopic object inside a microfluidic channel. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:054106. [PMID: 33163134 PMCID: PMC7595745 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 03/31/2024]
Abstract
Observations and analyses of a microscopic object are essential processes in various fields such as chemical engineering and life science. Microfluidic techniques with various functions and extensions have often been used for such purposes to investigate the mechanical properties of microscopic objects such as biological cells. One of such extensions proposed in this context is a real-time visual feedback manipulation system, which is composed of a high-speed camera and a piezoelectric actuator with a single-line microfluidic channel. Although the on-chip manipulation system enables us to control the 1 degree-of-freedom position of a target object by the real-time pressure control, it has suffered from unintended changes in the object orientation, which is out of control in the previous system. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a novel shear-flow-based mechanism for the control of the orientation of a target object in addition to the position control in a microchannel to overcome the problem of the unintended rotation. We designed a tributary channel using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation with boundary conditions appropriate for the particle manipulation to apply shear stress to the target particle placed at the junction and succeeded in rotating the particle at an angular velocity of 0.2 rad/s even under the position control in the experiment. The proposed mechanism would be applied to feedback controls of a target object in a microchannel to be in a desired orientation and at a desired position, which could be a universally useful function for various microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Kaneko
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Hidema R, Yatabe Z, Takahashi H, Higashikawa R, Suzuki H. Inverse integral transformation method to derive local viscosity distribution measured by optical tweezers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6826-6833. [PMID: 32633310 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00887g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complex fluids have a non-uniform local inner structure; this is enhanced under deformation, inducing a characteristic flow, such as an abrupt increase in extensional viscosity and drag reduction. However, it is challenging to derive and quantify the non-uniform local structure of a low-concentration solution. In this study, we attempted to characterize the non-uniformity of dilute and semi-dilute polymer and worm-like micellar solutions using the local viscosity at the micro scale. The power spectrum density (PSD) of the particle displacement, measured using optical tweezers, was analyzed to calculate the local viscosity, and two methods were compared. One is based on the PSD roll-off method, which yields a single representative viscosity of the solution. The other is based on our proposed method, called the inverse integral transformation method (IITM), for deriving the local viscosity distribution. The distribution obtained through the IITM reflects the non-uniformity of the solutions at the micro scale, i.e., the distribution widens above the entanglement concentrations of the polymer or viscoelastic worm-like micellar solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Hidema
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Yamazaki T, Taniguchi H, Tsuji S, Sato S, Kenmotsu T, Yoshikawa K, Sadakane K. Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold. J Vis Exp 2018:57815. [PMID: 30417883 PMCID: PMC6235610 DOI: 10.3791/57815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer several advantages for the treatment of intractable diseases, and several studies have demonstrated the importance of 3-dimensional (3D) cellular assemblies in these fields. Artificial scaffolds have often been used to construct 3D cellular assemblies. However, the scaffolds used to construct cellular assemblies are sometimes toxic and may change the properties of the cells. Thus, it would be beneficial to establish a non-toxic method for facilitating cell-cell contact. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for constructing stable cellular assemblies by using optical tweezers with dextran. One of the advantages of this method is that it establishes stable cell-to-cell contact within a few minutes. This new method allows the construction of 3D cellular assemblies in a natural hydrophilic polymer and is expected to be useful for constructing next-generation 3D single-cell assemblies in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Shoto Tsuji
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
| | - Shiho Sato
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
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Zhao Y, Jia D, Sha X, Zhang G, Li WJ. Determination of the Three-Dimensional Rate of Cancer Cell Rotation in an Optically-Induced Electrokinetics Chip Using an Optical Flow Algorithm. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E118. [PMID: 30424052 PMCID: PMC6187528 DOI: 10.3390/mi9030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our group has reported that Melan-A cells and lymphocytes undergo self-rotation in a homogeneous AC electric field, and found that the rotation velocity of these cells is a key indicator to characterize their physical properties. However, the determination of the rotation properties of a cell by human eyes is both gruesome and time consuming, and not always accurate. In this paper, a method is presented to more accurately determine the 3D cell rotation velocity and axis from a 2D image sequence captured by a single camera. Using the optical flow method, we obtained the 2D motion field data from the image sequence and back-project it onto a 3D sphere model, and then the rotation axis and velocity of the cell were calculated. After testing the algorithm on animated image sequences, experiments were also performed on image sequences of real rotating cells. All of these results indicate that this method is accurate, practical, and useful. Furthermore, the method presented there can also be used to determine the 3D rotation velocity of other types of spherical objects that are commonly used in microfluidic applications, such as beads and microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Dayu Jia
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Sha
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | | | - Wen Jung Li
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Shenzhen Academy of Robotics, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Feng L, Wu X, Jiang Y, Zhang D, Arai F. Manipulating Microrobots Using Balanced Magnetic and Buoyancy Forces. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9020050. [PMID: 30393326 PMCID: PMC6187713 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel method for the three-dimensional (3D) control of microrobots within a microfluidic chip. The microrobot body contains a hollow space, producing buoyancy that allows it to float in a microfluidic environment. The robot moves in the z direction by balancing magnetic and buoyancy forces. In coordination with the motion of stages in the xy plane, we achieved 3D microrobot control. A microgripper designed to grasp micron-scale objects was attached to the front of the robot, allowing it to hold and deliver micro-objects in three dimensions. The microrobot had four degrees of freedom and generated micronewton-order forces. We demonstrate the microrobot's utility in an experiment in which it grips a 200 μm particle and delivers it in a 3D space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaocong Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yonggang Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan.
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Feng L, Di P, Arai F. High-precision motion of magnetic microrobot with ultrasonic levitation for 3-D rotation of single oocyte. Int J Rob Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0278364916631414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we propose an innovative driving method for a microrobot. By using acoustic levitation, the microrobot can be levitated from the glass substrate. We are able to achieve positioning accuracy of less than 1 μm, and the response speed and output force are also significantly improved. Silicon-based microrobots can be made into diverse shapes using deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE). Using custom-designed microrobots allows for the 3-D rotational control of a single bovine oocyte. Orientation with an accuracy of 1° and an average rotation velocity of 3 rad/s are achieved. This study contributes to the biotechnology. In the study of oocytes/embryos, manipulation is used for the enucleation, microinjection, and investigation of the characteristics of oocytes, such as the meiotic spindle and zona pellucida using PolScope. These studies and their clinical applications involve the three-dimensional (3-D) rotation of mammalian oocytes. The overall out-of-plane and in-plane rotations of the oocyte are demonstrated by using an acoustically levitated microrobot. In addition, by using this approach, it becomes much easier to manipulate the cell to investigate the characteristics of the single cell and analyze its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Pei Di
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society,
Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society,
Nagoya University, Japan
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Liu Y, Yu M. Optical manipulation and binding of microrods with multiple traps enabled in an inclined dual-fiber system. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:43010. [PMID: 21267087 PMCID: PMC3026032 DOI: 10.1063/1.3504716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental demonstrations of optical manipulation and optical binding of microscopic glass rods using the multiple traps created by a dual-fiber optical trapping system. Trapping, alignment, rotation, and stacking of glass rods were realized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that cylindrical particles are optically trapped and bound by an optical fiber-based system. The optical manipulation of rods is also investigated through numerical simulations, which are used to quantitatively explain the experimental results. The ability of manipulating multiple particles of different shapes, as well as the integrable nature of the fiber-based setup, bestows the system the potential to be used in microfluidic systems for versatile particle manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Sheu FW, Lan TK, Lin YC, Chen S, Ay C. Stable trapping and manually controlled rotation of an asymmetric or birefringent microparticle using dual-mode split-beam optical tweezers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:14724-14729. [PMID: 20639958 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.014724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Inserting a coverslip into half of a Gaussian laser beam at a suitable tilting angle can make the single-mode laser beam become closely spaced dual light spots at the laser focus. In this way, we can reform the conventional single-beam optical tweezers easily and construct a set of dual-mode split-beam optical tweezers, which can be used to manually rotate a trapped and twisted red blood cell around the optical axis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the split-beam optical tweezers can also stably trap and orient a birefringent polystyrene micro strip particle, which otherwise will self rotate at a varying speed along the structural principal axes, fast spin about the optical axis in a tilting pose, or precess like a gyroscope, in the original linearly polarized single-beam optical tweezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Wen Sheu
- Department of Applied Physics, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
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