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Knobloch JA, Laurent G, Lauterbach MA. STED microscopy reveals dendrite-specificity of spines in turtle cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102541. [PMID: 37898315 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are key structures for neural communication, learning and memory. Spine size and shape probably reflect synaptic strength and learning. Imaging with superresolution STED microscopy the detailed shape of the majority of the spines of individual neurons in turtle cortex (Trachemys scripta elegans) revealed several distinguishable shape classes. Dendritic spines of a given class were not distributed randomly, but rather decorated significantly more often some dendrites than others. The individuality of dendrites was corroborated by significant inter-dendrite differences in other parameters such as spine density and length. In addition, many spines were branched or possessed spinules. These findings may have implications for the role of individual dendrites in this cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Knobloch
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Building 48, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gilles Laurent
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcel A Lauterbach
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Building 48, 66421 Homburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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2
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Carvalhais LG, Martinho VC, Ferreiro E, Pinheiro PS. Unraveling the Nanoscopic Organization and Function of Central Mammalian Presynapses With Super-Resolution Microscopy. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:578409. [PMID: 33584169 PMCID: PMC7874199 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.578409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex, nanoscopic scale of neuronal function, taking place at dendritic spines, axon terminals, and other minuscule structures, cannot be adequately resolved using standard, diffraction-limited imaging techniques. The last couple of decades saw a rapid evolution of imaging methods that overcome the diffraction limit imposed by Abbe's principle. These techniques, including structured illumination microscopy (SIM), stimulated emission depletion (STED), photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM), and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), among others, have revolutionized our understanding of synapse biology. By exploiting the stochastic nature of fluorophore light/dark states or non-linearities in the interaction of fluorophores with light, by using modified illumination strategies that limit the excitation area, these methods can achieve spatial resolutions down to just a few tens of nm or less. Here, we review how these advanced imaging techniques have contributed to unprecedented insight into the nanoscopic organization and function of mammalian neuronal presynapses, revealing new organizational principles or lending support to existing views, while raising many important new questions. We further discuss recent technical refinements and newly developed tools that will continue to expand our ability to delve deeper into how synaptic function is orchestrated at the nanoscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia G Carvalhais
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vera C Martinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo S Pinheiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Zaccard CR, Shapiro L, Martin-de-Saavedra MD, Pratt C, Myczek K, Song A, Forrest MP, Penzes P. Rapid 3D Enhanced Resolution Microscopy Reveals Diversity in Dendritic Spinule Dynamics, Regulation, and Function. Neuron 2020; 107:522-537.e6. [PMID: 32464088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spinules are thin protrusions, formed by neuronal spines, not adequately resolved by diffraction-limited light microscopy, which has limited our understanding of their behavior. Here we performed rapid structured illumination microscopy and enhanced resolution confocal microscopy to study spatiotemporal spinule dynamics in cortical pyramidal neurons. Spinules recurred at the same locations on mushroom spine heads. Most were short-lived, dynamic, exploratory, and originated near simple PSDs, whereas a subset was long-lived, elongated, and associated with complex PSDs. These subtypes were differentially regulated by Ca2+ transients. Furthermore, the postsynaptic Rac1-GEF kalirin-7 regulated spinule formation, elongation, and recurrence. Long-lived spinules often contained PSD fragments, contacted distal presynaptic terminals, and formed secondary synapses. NMDAR activation increased spinule number, length, and contact with distal presynaptic elements. Spinule subsets, dynamics, and recurrence were validated in cortical neurons of acute brain slices. Thus, we identified unique properties, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of spinule subtypes, supporting roles in neuronal connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen R Zaccard
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lauren Shapiro
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Christopher Pratt
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kristoffer Myczek
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy Song
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marc P Forrest
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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4
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Arandian A, Bagheri Z, Ehtesabi H, Najafi Nobar S, Aminoroaya N, Samimi A, Latifi H. Optical Imaging Approaches to Monitor Static and Dynamic Cell-on-Chip Platforms: A Tutorial Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900737. [PMID: 31087503 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized laboratories on chip platforms play an important role in handling life sciences studies. The platforms may contain static or dynamic biological cells. Examples are a fixed medium of an organ-on-a-chip and individual cells moving in a microfluidic channel, respectively. Due to feasibility of control or investigation and ethical implications of live targets, both static and dynamic cell-on-chip platforms promise various applications in biology. To extract necessary information from the experiments, the demand for direct monitoring is rapidly increasing. Among different microscopy methods, optical imaging is a straightforward choice. Considering light interaction with biological agents, imaging signals may be generated as a result of scattering or emission effects from a sample. Thus, optical imaging techniques could be categorized into scattering-based and emission-based techniques. In this review, various optical imaging approaches used in monitoring static and dynamic platforms are introduced along with their optical systems, advantages, challenges, and applications. This review may help biologists to find a suitable imaging technique for different cell-on-chip studies and might also be useful for the people who are going to develop optical imaging systems in life sciences studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Arandian
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Hamide Ehtesabi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shima Najafi Nobar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 1969764499, Iran
| | - Neda Aminoroaya
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Ashkan Samimi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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Thompson AD, Omar MH, Rivera-Molina F, Xi Z, Koleske AJ, Toomre DK, Schepartz A. Long-Term Live-Cell STED Nanoscopy of Primary and Cultured Cells with the Plasma Membrane HIDE Probe DiI-SiR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10408-10412. [PMID: 28679029 PMCID: PMC5576494 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging of live cells over extended time periods with high temporal resolution requires high-density labeling and extraordinary fluorophore photostability. Herein, we achieve this goal by combining the attributes of the high-density plasma membrane probe DiI-TCO and the photostable STED dye SiR-Tz. These components undergo rapid tetrazine ligation within the plasma membrane to generate the HIDE probe DiI-SiR. Using DiI-SiR, we visualized filopodia dynamics in HeLa cells over 25 min at 0.5 s temporal resolution, and visualized dynamic contact-mediated repulsion events in primary mouse hippocampal neurons over 9 min at 2 s temporal resolution. HIDE probes such as DiI-SiR are non-toxic and do not require transfection, and their apparent photostability significantly improves the ability to monitor dynamic processes in live cells at super-resolution over biologically relevant timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Mitchell H Omar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Zhiqun Xi
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Derek K Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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6
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Thompson AD, Omar MH, Rivera-Molina F, Xi Z, Koleske AJ, Toomre DK, Schepartz A. Long-Term Live-Cell STED Nanoscopy of Primary and Cultured Cells with the Plasma Membrane HIDE Probe DiI-SiR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Mitchell H. Omar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program; Yale University; 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology; Yale University; 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Zhiqun Xi
- Department of Cell Biology; Yale University; 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Anthony J. Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program; Yale University; 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Derek K. Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology; Yale University; 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
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