Utitsarn K, Biasi G, Stansook N, Alrowaili ZA, Petasecca M, Carolan M, Perevertaylo VL, Tomé WA, Kron T, Lerch MLF, Rosenfeld AB. Two-dimensional solid-state array detectors: A technique for in vivo dose verification in a variable effective area.
J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019;
20:88-94. [PMID:
31609090 PMCID:
PMC6839376 DOI:
10.1002/acm2.12744]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE
We introduce a technique that employs a 2D detector in transmission mode (TM) to verify dose maps at a depth of dmax in Solid Water. TM measurements, when taken at a different surface-to-detector distance (SDD), allow for the area at dmax (in which the dose map is calculated) to be adjusted.
METHODS
We considered the detector prototype "MP512" (an array of 512 diode-sensitive volumes, 2 mm spatial resolution). Measurements in transmission mode were taken at SDDs in the range from 0.3 to 24 cm. Dose mode (DM) measurements were made at dmax in Solid Water. We considered radiation fields in the range from 2 × 2 cm2 to 10 × 10 cm2 , produced by 6 MV flattened photon beams; we derived a relationship between DM and TM measurements as a function of SDD and field size. The relationship was used to calculate, from TM measurements at 4 and 24 cm SDD, dose maps at dmax in fields of 1 × 1 cm2 and 4 × 4 cm2 , and in IMRT fields. Calculations were cross-checked (gamma analysis) with the treatment planning system and with measurements (MP512, films, ionization chamber).
RESULTS
In the square fields, calculations agreed with measurements to within ±2.36%. In the IMRT fields, using acceptance criteria of 3%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm, 1%/1 mm, calculations had respective gamma passing rates greater than 96.89%, 90.50%, 62.20% (for a 4 cm SSD); and greater than 97.22%, 93.80%, 59.00% (for a 24 cm SSD). Lower rates (1%/1 mm criterion) can be explained by submillimeter misalignments, dose averaging in calculations, noise artifacts in film dosimetry.
CONCLUSIONS
It is possible to perform TM measurements at the SSD which produces the best fit between the area at dmax in which the dose map is calculated and the size of the monitored target.
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