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Lee HK, Jin J. Combined Virtual-Reality- and Gym-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Children With a Developmental Disability: Effects on Physical Activity Levels, Motor Skills, and Social Skills. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2024; 41:513-533. [PMID: 38734421 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2023-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a combined virtual-reality- and gym-based physical activity (PA) program on PA levels, motor skills, and social skills of children with a developmental disability (DD). Twenty-five children with DD were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention was conducted for 60 min, two times a week, for 12 weeks. Pre- and postintervention assessments encompassing PA levels measured via Gravity Estimator of Normal Everyday Activity, motor skills evaluated using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition, and social skills gauged via the Social Skills Rating System-Parent were conducted. Additionally, a follow-up assessment was administered to the experimental group 12 weeks postintervention. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that the combined virtual-reality- and gym-based PA program yielded significant enhancements in PA levels, motor skills, and social skills among children with DD in the experimental group. Notably, these improvements were sustained 12 weeks after the intervention. These findings may help professionals develop and implement better PA programs for children with DD.
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Ketcheson LR, Loetzner F, Wentz CF, Miller S, Pitchford EA. A longitudinal health promotion program for autistic children and their caregivers: Impact of an urban community-based program. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 39275875 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Autistic children, as well as their primary caregivers (e.g., parents), experience greater health disparities when compared with the general population. Despite this reality, there has been relatively little priority placed on promoting positive trajectories of health in either of these underserved populations. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the impact of participation in a 12-month, longitudinal health promotion program designed for both autistic children and their parent. A total of 27 families participated in the intervention, including 29 autistic children (83% male, M = 8.28 ± 3.60 years) and 27 parents (93% female, M = 40.04 ± 7.95). Families attended in-person health promotion programming for 90 min per week. Children and parents were evaluated at four time points across the program, including baseline (0-months), 4-months, 8-months, and 12-months. Children were measured on fundamental motor competence, physical fitness, body composition, and proxy-reported physical activity. Parents were measured on body composition, physical fitness, and self-reported physical activity. Significant improvements were observed for autistic children in motor competence (p < 0.001) and grip strength (p = 0.006), and for parents in body mass index (p = 0.004) and aerobic capacity (p = 0.003) across the 12-month intervention. Differing trajectories of improvement were noted between urban- and suburban-dwelling families on multiple outcomes. The knowledge acquired from this research may offer initial support for the need to bolster opportunities for accessible and ongoing health promotion programs for both autistic children and their parents.
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Roczniak L, Jutras M, Lévesque C, Fortin C. Reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development Third Edition Among Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39007754 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2024.2378050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM The Test of Gross Motor Development Third Edition (TGMD-3) is used to assess the development of fundamental movement skills in children from 3 to 10 years old. This study aimed to evaluate the intra-rater, inter-rater, and test-retest reliability and to determine the minimal detectable change (MDC) value of the TGMD-3 in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHODS The TGMD-3 was administered to 20 children with DCD. The child's fundamental movement skills were recorded using a digital video camera. Reliability was assessed at two occasions by three raters using the generalizability theory. RESULTS The TGMD-3 demonstrates good inter-rater reliability for the locomotor skills subscale, the ball skills subscale, and the total score (φ = 0.77 - 0.91), while the intra-rater reliability was even higher (φ = 0.94 - 0.97). Test-retest reliability was also shown to be good (φ = 0.79-0.93). The MDC95 was determined to be 10 points. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that the TGMD-3 is a reliable test when used to evaluate fundamental movement skills in children with DCD and suggests that an increase of 10 points represents a significant change in the motor function of a child with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laine Roczniak
- Physiotherapy Department, Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant of CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mylène Jutras
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche Azrieli of CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Lévesque
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche Azrieli of CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carole Fortin
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche Azrieli of CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Curtin C, Bandini LG, Forquer M, Cullen P, Rancaño KM, Must A, Schreck K, Bowling AB, Askenazy N, Wei X, Irish C, Stanish HI. A remotely-delivered pilot and feasibility program to promote physical and food literacy in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13228. [PMID: 38520166 PMCID: PMC11108704 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth with intellectual disabilities experience disparities in physical activity and diet quality. Physical and food literacy are hypothesised to support adoption of healthy lifestyles; however, few such interventions have been developed for this population. METHOD Participants with intellectual disabilities ages 12-16 years were recruited for a 12-week online sports skills and nutrition education intervention. Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy were assessed by attendance, satisfaction, and pre-post measures of motor skills, perceived competence and motivation for physical activity, classifying foods, making healthy choices, and food consumption. RESULTS Six teens participated in the program and attended 87.5% of the sessions. Satisfaction data suggested that the program was well-received by both teens and parents. Trends toward improvements on physical activity and nutrition outcome measures were observed. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary data from this pilot study suggest that physical and food literacy in youth with intellectual disabilities can be improved, which in turn may contribute to the adoption of healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Curtin
- E.K. Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L G Bandini
- E.K. Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Forquer
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P Cullen
- E.K. Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K M Rancaño
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Must
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K Schreck
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A B Bowling
- Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N Askenazy
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - X Wei
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C Irish
- Brighton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H I Stanish
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kavanagh H, Issartel J, Meegan S, Manninen M. Can Special Olympics coaches accurately report on the motor competence of children with intellectual disabilities? JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13195. [PMID: 38369312 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor competence is the ability to perform goal directed human movements in a co-ordinated, accurate and error free manner. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of coaches' perceptions of children's motor competence with their actual motor competence. METHOD This study examined the motor competence of children with intellectual disabilities (n = 100) and coaches' perceptions of children's motor competence (n = 10). Participants were assessed using TGMD-3. Coaches completed an adapted version of the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence. RESULTS The predictive power of coaches perceived motor competence versus children's actual motor competence was assessed. CONCLUSIONS This research will provide insight for sports organisations to determine whether coaches can accurately report on the motor competence of children with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Kavanagh
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Special Olympics Ireland, Sport Ireland Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johann Issartel
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- MoveAhead Limited, Guinness Enterprise Center, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Meegan
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mika Manninen
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Kavanagh H, Manninen M, Issartel J. Comparing the fundamental movement skill proficiency of children with intellectual disabilities and typically developing children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:1336-1353. [PMID: 36788023 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children around the world, particularly those with intellectual disabilities (ID), are exhibiting poor motor skill proficiency. Compared with typically developing children (TDC), children with intellectual disabilities (CwID) are 65% more likely to exhibit low levels of motor competence. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the motor skill proficiency levels, in terms of fundamental movement skills (FMS) of CwID to TDC. FMS are the building blocks required for lifelong participation in sport and physical activity. METHOD The meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA statement guidelines. 6 electronic databases were searched and 16, 679 studies were found. A total of 26 studies (total participants n = 3,525) met the inclusion criteria. A multivariate maximum likelihood multivariate random effects model was fitted to the data using the metafor package in R. RESULTS The study showed that the standardised mean difference (Hedges' g) in FMS between TDC and CwID is large (g = 1.24; CI 95% [.87, 1.62]). Specifically, significant differences between the two groups emerged in all five outcomes: (1) total locomotor score, (2) total object manipulation score, (3) balance, (4) run skill and (5) throw skill. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation into effective intervention strategies is required in order to reduce the magnitude of difference in motor skill proficiency between the two groups. In addition to developing, implementing and evaluating these interventions, researchers need to work hand in hand with national governing bodies (NGB) of sport and policy makers to ensure that teachers and coaches are being provided with opportunities to upskill in the area of FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kavanagh
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Special Olympics Ireland, Sport Ireland Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Manninen
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Issartel
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- MoveAhead Limited, DCU INVENT, Dublin, Ireland
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Ubeda Tikkanen A, Vova J, Holman L, Chrisman M, Clarkson K, Santiago R, Schonberger L, White K, Badaly D, Gauthier N, Pham TDN, Britt JJ, Crouter SE, Giangregorio M, Nathan M, Akamagwuna UO. Core components of a rehabilitation program in pediatric cardiac disease. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1104794. [PMID: 37334215 PMCID: PMC10275574 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing effort in both the inpatient and outpatient setting to improve care, function, and quality of life for children with congenital heart disease, and to decrease complications. As the mortality rates of surgical procedures for congenital heart disease decrease, improvement in perioperative morbidity and quality of life have become key metrics of quality of care. Quality of life and function in patients with congenital heart disease can be affected by multiple factors: the underlying heart condition, cardiac surgery, complications, and medical treatment. Some of the functional areas affected are motor abilities, exercise capacity, feeding, speech, cognition, and psychosocial adjustment. Rehabilitation interventions aim to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life for those with physical impairments or disabilities. Interventions such as exercise training have been extensively evaluated in adults with acquired heart disease, and rehabilitation interventions for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease have similar potential to improve perioperative morbidity and quality of life. However, literature regarding the pediatric population is limited. We have gathered a multidisciplinary team of experts from major institutions to create evidence- and practice-based guidelines for pediatric cardiac rehabilitation programs in both inpatient and outpatient settings. To improve the quality of life of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, we propose the use of individualized multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs that include: medical management; neuropsychology; nursing care; rehabilitation equipment; physical, occupational, speech, and feeding therapies; and exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ubeda Tikkanen
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Vova
- Department of Physiatry, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lainie Holman
- Department Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Maddie Chrisman
- Wolff Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kristin Clarkson
- Department of Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Santiago
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Schonberger
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kelsey White
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daryaneh Badaly
- Learning and Development Center, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Naomi Gauthier
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tam Dan N. Pham
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jolie J. Britt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott E. Crouter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, IL, United States
| | - Maeve Giangregorio
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meena Nathan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Unoma O. Akamagwuna
- Department Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, TX, United States
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Ketcheson L, Staples K, Pitchford EA, Loetzner F. Promoting Positive Health Outcomes in an Urban Community-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Preschool Aged Children on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:633-647. [PMID: 33459918 PMCID: PMC7812710 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While there is wide consensus regarding the importance of early intervention, health is rarely considered within priorities. Twenty-five children on the autism spectrum (Mage = 4.67, SD = 0.82) participated in a 12-week physical activity intervention. Primary objective was to examine impact of a physical activity intervention on physical activity, fitness and motor competence. Secondary objective was to examine associations between motor behavior and ASD symptoms. Ball skills (p < .001) and isometric push-up performance (p = .02) improved. Autism symptoms were associated with motor skills (r > - .49, p < .05). Study outcomes provide new knowledge regarding design, delivery, and measures for early interventions targeting health disparities in young children on the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Ketcheson
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, 5101 John C Lodge Fwy, 257 Matthaei, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Kerri Staples
- School of Kinesiology, Center On Physical Activity & Health in Pediatric Disabilities, University of Michigan, 1402 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Edward Andrew Pitchford
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, 534 Wallace Road, 103n Forker, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Franziska Loetzner
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, 5101 John C Lodge Fwy, 257 Matthaei, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
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Ketcheson LR, Pitchford EA, Staples KL, MacDonald M, Ulrich DA. Supporting the need for the motor domain to be included in the definition of autism spectrum disorder: A response to Bishop et al.'s critique of Bhat (2021). Autism Res 2022; 15:1796-1798. [PMID: 36052511 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Ketcheson
- Division of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Kerri L Staples
- School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Megan MacDonald
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Dale A Ulrich
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Pitchford EA, Leung W, Webster EK. Fundamental Motor Skill Delays in Preschool Children With Disabilities: 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:758321. [PMID: 34957017 PMCID: PMC8696669 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.758321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delays in fundamental motor skill (FMS) competency have been observed in a variety of children with disabilities. However, evidence of FMS delays is largely limited to small, geographically specific, limitedly diverse, and non-representative samples. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between FMS competency and reported disability status among pre-school children, ages 3–5 years, using the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey (NYFS). In total, 329 preschool children (49% female; 4.00 ± 0.04 years of age) from the 2012 NYFS completed the Test of Gross Motor Development−2, including 43 preschoolers identified with a disability based on parental report (44% female; 4.20 ± 0.16 years). Associations were examined with logistic regression using sampling weights. Poor FMS competency, defined as gross motor quotient scores ≤ 79, was observed in significantly more children with disabilities (29%) than children without disabilities (10%, OR = 3.5, p = 0.04). While not statistically significant, there was a growing disparity in FMS competency at age 5 (41 vs. 11%) compared to age 3 (15 vs. 9%, OR = 1.80, p = 0.30). The results provide additional evidence for poor FMS competency among pre-school children with disabilities. FMS should be an early part of comprehensive assessments for all children suspected of disability or development delay as it is critical to identify and intervene upon FMS delays before discrepancies can widen.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Andrew Pitchford
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Willie Leung
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - E Kipling Webster
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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The Instructional Sensitivity of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 to Detect Changes in Performance for Young Children With and Without Down Syndrome. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2021; 38:95-108. [PMID: 33307535 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2020-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Test of Gross Motor Development is among the most commonly used measures of gross motor competency in children. An important attribute of any developmental assessment is its sensitivity to detect change. The purpose of this study was to examine the instructional sensitivity of the Test of Gross Motor Development-third edition (TGMD-3) performance criteria to changes in performance for 48 children (age 4-7 years) with and without Down syndrome following 10 weeks of physical education. Paired t tests identified significant improvements for all children on locomotor (p < .01) and ball skills (p < .01). These significant differences were associated with moderate to large effect sizes. SEM was low relative to the maximum raw score for each subtest, indicating high confidence in the scores. These findings provide evidence that the TGMD-3 is sensitive to change in performance for children with and without Down syndrome.
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