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Zhao Y, Yin N, Yang R, Faiola F. Recent Advances in Environmental Toxicology: Exploring Gene Editing, Organ-on-a-Chip, Chimeric Animals, and In Silico Models. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 193:115022. [PMID: 39326696 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
In our daily life, we are exposed to various environmental pollutants in multiple ways. At present, we mainly rely on animal models and two-dimensional cell culture models to evaluate the toxicity of environmental pollutants. Nevertheless, results in animal models do not always apply to humans because of differences between species, while two-dimensional cell culture models cannot replicate the in vivo microenvironments, making it difficult to predict the true toxic response of environmental pollutants in humans. The development of various high-end technologies in recent years has provided new opportunities for environmental toxicology research. The application of these high-end technologies in environmental toxicology can complement the limitations of traditional environmental toxicology screening and more accurately predict the toxicity of environmental pollutants. In this review, we first introduce the advantages and disadvantages of traditional environmental toxicology methods, then review the principles and development of four high-end technologies, such as gene editing, organ-on-a-chip, chimeric animals, and in silico models, summarize their application in toxicity testing, and finally emphasize their importance/potential in environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Takahashi M, Mii A, Okubo A, Toriu N, Nakagawa S, Abe T, Fukuma S, Imamura H, Yamamoto M, Yanagita M. Visualization of intracellular ATP dynamics in different nephron segments under pathophysiological conditions using the kidney slice culture system. Kidney Int 2024; 106:470-481. [PMID: 38996810 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
ATP depletion plays a central role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Recently, we reported spatiotemporal intracellular ATP dynamics during ischemia reperfusion (IR) using GO-ATeam2 mice systemically expressing an ATP biosensor. However, observation from the kidney surface did not allow visualization of deeper nephrons or accurate evaluation of ATP synthesis pathways. Here, we established a novel ATP imaging system using slice culture of GO-ATeam2 mouse kidneys, evaluated the ATP synthesis pathway, and analyzed intracellular ATP dynamics using an ex vivo IR-mimicking model and a cisplatin nephropathy model. Proximal tubules (PTs) were found to be strongly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) using the inhibitor oligomycin A, whereas podocytes relied on both OXPHOS and glycolysis using phloretin an active transport inhibitor of glucose. We also confirmed that an ex vivo IR-mimicking model could recapitulate ATP dynamics in vivo; ATP recovery in PTs after reoxygenation varied depending on anoxic time length, whereas ATP in distal tubules (DTs) recovered well even after long-term anoxia. After cisplatin administration, ATP levels in PTs decreased first, followed by a decrease in DTs. An organic cation transporter 2 inhibitor, cimetidine, suppressed cisplatin uptake in kidney slices, leading to better ATP recovery in PTs, but not in DTs. Finally, we confirmed that a mitochondria protection reagent (Mitochonic Acid 5) delayed the cisplatin-induced ATP decrease in PTs. Thus, our novel system may provide new insights into the energy dynamics and pathogenesis of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Mii
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Okubo
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Toriu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Kang S, Chen EC, Cifuentes H, Co JY, Cole G, Graham J, Hsia R, Kiyota T, Klein JA, Kroll KT, Nieves Lopez LM, Norona LM, Peiris H, Potla R, Romero-Lopez M, Roth JG, Tseng M, Fullerton AM, Homan KA. Complex in vitromodels positioned for impact to drug testing in pharma: a review. Biofabrication 2024; 16:042006. [PMID: 39189069 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad6933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the creation and popularization of various complexin vitromodels (CIVMs), such as organoids and organs-on-chip, as a technology with the potential to reduce animal usage in pharma while also enhancing our ability to create safe and efficacious drugs for patients. Public awareness of CIVMs has increased, in part, due to the recent passage of the FDA Modernization Act 2.0. This visibility is expected to spur deeper investment in and adoption of such models. Thus, end-users and model developers alike require a framework to both understand the readiness of current models to enter the drug development process, and to assess upcoming models for the same. This review presents such a framework for model selection based on comparative -omics data (which we term model-omics), and metrics for qualification of specific test assays that a model may support that we term context-of-use (COU) assays. We surveyed existing healthy tissue models and assays for ten drug development-critical organs of the body, and provide evaluations of readiness and suggestions for improving model-omics and COU assays for each. In whole, this review comes from a pharma perspective, and seeks to provide an evaluation of where CIVMs are poised for maximum impact in the drug development process, and a roadmap for realizing that potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serah Kang
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Eugene C Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Helen Cifuentes
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Julia Y Co
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Cole
- Investigative Toxicology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Jessica Graham
- Product Quality & Occupational Toxicology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of Americaica
| | - Rebecca Hsia
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Tomomi Kiyota
- Investigative Toxicology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Jessica A Klein
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Katharina T Kroll
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Lenitza M Nieves Lopez
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Leah M Norona
- Investigative Toxicology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Heshan Peiris
- Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Ratnakar Potla
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Monica Romero-Lopez
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Julien G Roth
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Min Tseng
- Investigative Toxicology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Aaron M Fullerton
- Investigative Toxicology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A Homan
- Complex in vitro Systems Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
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Packer M, Ferreira JP, Butler J, Filippatos G, Januzzi JL, González Maldonado S, Panova-Noeva M, Pocock SJ, Prochaska JH, Saadati M, Sattar N, Sumin M, Anker SD, Zannad F. Reaffirmation of Mechanistic Proteomic Signatures Accompanying SGLT2 Inhibition in Patients With Heart Failure: A Validation Cohort of the EMPEROR Program. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024:S0735-1097(24)07897-5. [PMID: 39217550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert a distinctive pattern of direct biological effects on the heart and kidney under experimental conditions, but the meaningfulness of these signatures for patients with heart failure has not been fully defined. OBJECTIVES We performed the first mechanistic validation study of large-scale proteomics in a double-blind randomized trial of any treatment in patients with heart failure. METHODS In a discovery cohort from the EMPEROR (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction) program, we studied the effect of randomized treatment with placebo or empagliflozin on 1,283 circulating proteins in 1,134 patients with heart failure with a reduced or preserved ejection fraction. In a validation cohort, we expanded the number to 2,155 assessed proteins, which were measured in 1,120 EMPEROR participants who had not been studied previously. RESULTS In the validation cohort, 25 proteins were the most differentially enriched by empagliflozin (ie, ≥15% between-group difference and false discovery rate <1% at 12 weeks with known effects on the heart or kidney): 1) 13 proteins promote autophagy and other cellular quality-control functions (IGFBP1, OTUB1, DNAJB1, DNAJC9, RBP2, IST1, HSPA8, H-FABP, FABP6, ATPIFI, TfR1, EPO, IGBP1); 2) 12 proteins enhance mitochondrial health and ATP production (UMtCK, TBCA, L-FABP, H-FABP, FABP5, FABP6, RBP2, IST1, HSPA8, ATPIFI, TfR1, EPO); 3) 7 proteins augment cellular iron mobilization or erythropoiesis (TfR1, EPO, IGBP1, ERMAP, UROD, ATPIF1, SNCA); 4) 3 proteins influence renal tubular sodium handling; and 5) 9 proteins have restorative effects in the heart or kidneys, with many proteins exerting effects in >1 domain. These biological signatures replicated those observed in our discovery cohort. When the threshold for a meaningful between-group difference was lowered to ≥10%, there were 58 additional differentially enriched proteins with actions on the heart and kidney, but the biological signatures remained the same. CONCLUSIONS The replication of mechanistic signatures across discovery and validation cohorts closely aligns with the experimental effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. Thus, the actions of SGLT2 inhibitors-to promote autophagy, restore mitochondrial health and production of ATP, promote iron mobilization and erythropoiesis, influence renal tubular ion reabsorption, and normalize cardiac and renal structure and function-are likely to be relevant to patients with heart failure. (EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic heaRt Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction [EMPEROR-Preserved], NCT03057951; EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic heaRt Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction [EMPEROR-Reduced], NCT03057977).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- UnIC@RISE, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA; University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - James L Januzzi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece; Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Marina Panova-Noeva
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Ingelheim, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen H Prochaska
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany; Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maral Saadati
- Elderbrook Solutions GmbH, on behalf of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail Sumin
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) of German Heart Center Charité, Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
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Ugodnikov A, Persson H, Simmons CA. Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3199-3225. [PMID: 38689569 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, skin, and intestinal mucosal barrier play key roles in homeostasis, disease physiology, and drug delivery - as such, it is important to create representative in vitro models to improve understanding of barrier biology and serve as tools for therapeutic development. Microfluidic cell culture and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems enable barrier modelling with greater physiological fidelity than conventional platforms by mimicking key environmental aspects such as fluid shear, accurate microscale dimensions, mechanical cues, extracellular matrix, and geometrically defined co-culture. As the prevalence of barrier-on-chip models increases, so does the importance of tools that can accurately assess barrier integrity and function without disturbing the carefully engineered microenvironment. In this review, we first provide a background on biological barriers and the physiological features that are emulated through in vitro barrier models. Then, we outline molecular permeability and electrical sensing barrier integrity assessment methods, and the related challenges specific to barrier-on-chip implementation. Finally, we discuss future directions in the field, as well important priorities to consider such as fabrication costs, standardization, and bridging gaps between disciplines and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ugodnikov
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Henrik Persson
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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Nishimura Y. Revolutionizing renal research: The future of kidney-on-a-chip in biotechnology. Regen Ther 2024; 26:275-280. [PMID: 38993536 PMCID: PMC11237358 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of kidneys have limited effectiveness owing to the complex structure and functions of the kidney when compared with other organs. Therefore many renal function evaluations are currently being carried out through animal experiments. In contrast, efforts are being made to apply biomimetic systems, such as organ-on-a-chip, which is based on microfluidic device technology, to serve as an in vitro model for the kidney. These systems aimed to recreate a physiological cultivation environment. This review has provided an overview of organ-on-a-chip research focused on glomeruli and tubules as in vitro models for the kidney and discusses future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Medical Science and Technology, Gunma Paz University, 3-3-4 Tonyamachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
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Çam SB, Çiftci E, Gürbüz N, Altun B, Korkusuz P. Allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate human hypoxic AKI-on-a-Chip within a tight treatment window. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:105. [PMID: 38600585 PMCID: PMC11005291 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hypoxic proximal tubule (PT) injury and subsequent maladaptive repair present high mortality and increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) - chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hBMMSC-Exos) as potential cell therapeutics can be translated into clinics if drawbacks on safety and efficacy are clarified. Here, we determined the real-time effective dose and treatment window of allogeneic hBMMSC-Exos, evaluated their performance on the structural and functional integrity of 3D microfluidic acute hypoxic PT injury platform. METHODS hBMMSC-Exos were isolated and characterized. Real-time impedance-based cell proliferation analysis (RTCA) determined the effective dose and treatment window for acute hypoxic PT injury. A 2-lane 3D gravity-driven microfluidic platform was set to mimic PT in vitro. ZO-1, acetylated α-tubulin immunolabelling, and permeability index assessed structural; cell proliferation by WST-1 measured functional integrity of PT. RESULTS hBMMSC-Exos induced PT proliferation with ED50 of 172,582 µg/ml at the 26th hour. Hypoxia significantly decreased ZO-1, increased permeability index, and decreased cell proliferation rate on 24-48 h in the microfluidic platform. hBMMSC-Exos reinforced polarity by a 1.72-fold increase in ZO-1, restored permeability by 20/45-fold against 20/155 kDa dextran and increased epithelial proliferation 3-fold compared to control. CONCLUSIONS The real-time potency assay and 3D gravity-driven microfluidic acute hypoxic PT injury platform precisely demonstrated the therapeutic performance window of allogeneic hBMMSC-Exos on ischemic AKI based on structural and functional cellular data. The novel standardized, non-invasive two-step system validates the cell-based personalized theragnostic tool in a real-time physiological microenvironment prior to safe and efficient clinical usage in nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Burak Çam
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Eda Çiftci
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Nazlıhan Gürbüz
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Bülent Altun
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Nephrology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Ankara, 06230, Turkey.
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Ponmozhi J, Dhinakaran S, Kocsis D, Iván K, Erdő F. Models for barrier understanding in health and disease in lab-on-a-chips. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2221632. [PMID: 37294075 PMCID: PMC11042069 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2221632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of body homeostasis relies heavily on physiological barriers. Dysfunction of these barriers can lead to various pathological processes, including increased exposure to toxic materials and microorganisms. Various methods exist to investigate barrier function in vivo and in vitro. To investigate barrier function in a highly reproducible manner, ethically, and high throughput, researchers have turned to non-animal techniques and micro-scale technologies. In this comprehensive review, the authors summarize the current applications of organ-on-a-chip microfluidic devices in the study of physiological barriers. The review covers the blood-brain barrier, ocular barriers, dermal barrier, respiratory barriers, intestinal, hepatobiliary, and renal/bladder barriers under both healthy and pathological conditions. The article then briefly presents placental/vaginal, and tumour/multi-organ barriers in organ-on-a-chip devices. Finally, the review discusses Computational Fluid Dynamics in microfluidic systems that integrate biological barriers. This article provides a concise yet informative overview of the current state-of-the-art in barrier studies using microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ponmozhi
- Microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IPS Academy-Institute of Engineering Science, Indore, India
| | - S. Dhinakaran
- The Centre for Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Dorottya Kocsis
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Iván
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Franciska Erdő
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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Huang W, Chen YY, He FF, Zhang C. Revolutionizing nephrology research: expanding horizons with kidney-on-a-chip and beyond. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1373386. [PMID: 38605984 PMCID: PMC11007038 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1373386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-a-chip (OoC) is a microengineered three-dimensional cell culture system developed for decades. Utilizing microfluidic technology, OoC cultivates cells on perfusable channels to construct in vitro organ models, enabling the simulation of organ-level functions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The superior simulation capabilities compared to traditional animal experiments and two-dimensional cell cultures, making OoC a valuable tool for in vitro research. Recently, the application of OoC has extended to the field of nephrology, where it replicates various functional units, including glomerulus-on-a-chip, proximal tubule-on-a-chip, distal tubule-on-a-chip, collecting duct-on-a-chip, and even the entire nephron-on-a-chip to precisely emulate the structure and function of nephrons. Moreover, researchers have integrated kidney models into multi-organ systems, establishing human body-on-a-chip platforms. In this review, the diverse functional kidney units-on-a-chip and their versatile applications are outlined, such as drug nephrotoxicity screening, renal development studies, and investigations into the pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney diseases. The inherent advantages and current limitations of these OoC models are also examined. Finally, the synergy of kidney-on-a-chip with other emerging biomedical technologies are explored, such as bioengineered kidney and bioprinting, and a new insight for chip-based renal replacement therapy in the future are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chun Zhang
- *Correspondence: Fang-Fang He, ; Chun Zhang,
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10
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Hamel KM, Frazier TP, Williams C, Duplessis T, Rowan BG, Gimble JM, Sanchez CG. Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer Microphysiological Models to Capture Human Diversity in Preclinical Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2728. [PMID: 38473978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer accounts for 15.2% of all new cancer cases in the United States, with a continuing increase in incidence despite efforts to discover new targeted therapies. With an approximate failure rate of 85% for therapies in the early phases of clinical trials, there is a need for more translatable, new preclinical in vitro models that include cellular heterogeneity, extracellular matrix, and human-derived biomaterials. Specifically, adipose tissue and its resident cell populations have been identified as necessary attributes for current preclinical models. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and mature adipocytes are a normal part of the breast tissue composition and not only contribute to normal breast physiology but also play a significant role in breast cancer pathophysiology. Given the recognized pro-tumorigenic role of adipocytes in tumor progression, there remains a need to enhance the complexity of current models and account for the contribution of the components that exist within the adipose stromal environment to breast tumorigenesis. This review article captures the current landscape of preclinical breast cancer models with a focus on breast cancer microphysiological system (MPS) models and their counterpart patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to capture patient diversity as they relate to adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Williams
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | | | - Brian G Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Stokar-Regenscheit N, Bell L, Berridge B, Rudmann D, Tagle D, Hargrove-Grimes P, Schaudien D, Hahn K, Kühnlenz J, Ashton RS, Tseng M, Reichelt M, Laing ST, Kiyota T, Chamanza R, Sura R, Tomlinson L. Complex In Vitro Model Characterization for Context of Use in Toxicologic Pathology: Use Cases by Collaborative Teams of Biologists, Bioengineers, and Pathologists. Toxicol Pathol 2024; 52:123-137. [PMID: 38888280 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241253811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Complex in vitro models (CIVMs) offer the potential to increase the clinical relevance of preclinical efficacy and toxicity assessments and reduce the reliance on animals in drug development. The European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (ESTP) and Society for Toxicologic Pathology (STP) are collaborating to highlight the role of pathologists in the development and use of CIVM. Pathologists are trained in comparative animal medicine which enhances their understanding of mechanisms of human and animal diseases, thus allowing them to bridge between animal models and humans. This skill set is important for CIVM development, validation, and data interpretation. Ideally, diverse teams of scientists, including engineers, biologists, pathologists, and others, should collaboratively develop and characterize novel CIVM, and collectively assess their precise use cases (context of use). Implementing a morphological CIVM evaluation should be essential in this process. This requires robust histological technique workflows, image analysis techniques, and needs correlation with translational biomarkers. In this review, we demonstrate how such tissue technologies and analytics support the development and use of CIVM for drug efficacy and safety evaluations. We encourage the scientific community to explore similar options for their projects and to engage with health authorities on the use of CIVM in benefit-risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Stokar-Regenscheit
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Bell
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Danilo Tagle
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Passley Hargrove-Grimes
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Kühnlenz
- Bayer SAS, CropScience, Pathology & Mechanistic Toxicology, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Randolph S Ashton
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Neurosetta LLC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Min Tseng
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lindsay Tomlinson
- Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Shaughnessey EM, Kann SH, Charest JL, Vedula EM. Human Kidney Proximal Tubule-Microvascular Model Facilitates High-Throughput Analyses of Structural and Functional Effects of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300127. [PMID: 37786311 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Kidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) poses a major global healthcare burden, but effective treatments remain elusive. IRI involves a complex interplay of tissue-level structural and functional changes caused by interruptions in blood and filtrate flow and reduced oxygenation. Existing in vitro models poorly replicate the in vivo injury environment and lack means of monitoring tissue function during the injury process. Here, a high-throughput human primary kidney proximal tubule (PT)-microvascular model is described, which facilitates in-depth structural and rapid functional characterization of IRI-induced changes in the tissue barrier. The PREDICT96 (P96) microfluidic platform's user-controlled fluid flow can mimic the conditions of IR to induce pronounced changes in cell structure that resemble clinical and in vivo phenotypes. High-throughput trans-epi/endo-thelial electrical resistance (TEER) sensing is applied to non-invasively track functional changes in the PT-microvascular barrier during the two-stage injury process and over repeated episodes of injury. Notably, ischemia causes an initial increase in tissue TEER followed by a sudden increase in permeability upon reperfusion, and this biphasic response occurs only with the loss of both fluid flow and oxygenation. This study demonstrates the potential of the P96 kidney IRI model to enhance understanding of IRI and fuel therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Shaughnessey
- Draper Scholar, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Samuel H Kann
- Draper Scholar, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joseph L Charest
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Else M Vedula
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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13
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Singh NK, Kim JY, Jang J, Kim YK, Cho DW. 3D Cell Printing of Advanced Vascularized Proximal Tubule-on-a-Chip for Drug Induced Nephrotoxicity Advancement. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3750-3758. [PMID: 37606916 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Renal dysfunction due to drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN) affects >20% of the adult population worldwide. The vascularized proximal tubule is a complex structure that is often the primary site of drug-induced kidney injury. Herein, a vascularized proximal tubule-on-a-chip (Vas-POAC) was fabricated, demonstrating improved physiological emulation over earlier single-cell proximal tubule models. A perfusable model of vascularized proximal tubules permits the growth and proliferation of renal proximal tubule cells and adjacent endothelial cells under various conditions. An in vitro Vas-POAC showed mature expressions of the tubule and endothelial cell markers in the mature epithelium and endothelium lumens after 7 days of culture. Expression in the mature proximal tubule epithelium resembled the polarized expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 and the de novo synthesis of ECM proteins. These perfusable Vas-POACs display significantly improved functional properties relative to the proximal tubules-on-a-chip (POAC), which lacks vascular components. Furthermore, the developed Vas-POAC model evaluated the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and revealed enhanced drug receptivity compared to POAC. We further evaluated the capability of the developed proximal tubule model to act as a functional platform that targets screening drug doses that can cause renal proximal tubule injury in adults. Thus, our cell-printed models may prove valuable for screening, thoughtful mechanistic investigations of DIN, and discovery of drugs that interfere with tubule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra K Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), OHSU-Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jae Yun Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon 16247, Republic of Korea
- POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chen Y, Lu S, Zhang Y, Chen B, Zhou H, Jiang H. Examination of the emerging role of transporters in the assessment of nephrotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:787-804. [PMID: 36420583 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2151892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The kidney is vulnerable to various injuries based on its function in the elimination of many xenobiotics, endogenous substances and metabolites. Since transporters are critical for the renal elimination of those substances, it is urgent to understand the emerging role of transporters in nephrotoxicity. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the contribution of major renal transporters to nephrotoxicity induced by some drugs or toxins; addresses the role of transporter-mediated endogenous metabolic disturbances in nephrotoxicity; and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of in vitro models based on transporter expression and function. EXPERT OPINION Due to the crucial role of transporters in the renal disposition of xenobiotics and endogenous substances, it is necessary to further elucidate their renal transport mechanisms and pay more attention to the underlying relationship between the transport of endogenous substances and nephrotoxicity. Considering the species differences in the expression and function of transporters, and the low expression of transporters in general cell models, in vitro humanized models, such as humanized 3D organoids, shows significant promise in nephrotoxicity prediction and mechanism study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuanghui Lu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingqiong Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Binxin Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, P.R. China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, P.R. China
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15
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Parigoris E, Lee JH, Liu AY, Zhao X, Takayama S. Extended longevity geometrically-inverted proximal tubule organoids. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121828. [PMID: 36215909 PMCID: PMC10693433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the cellular self-organization of primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) around a minimal Matrigel scaffold to produce basal-in and apical-out proximal tubule organoids (tubuloids). These tubuloids are produced and maintained in hanging drop cultures for 90+ days, the longest such culture of any kind reported to date. The tubuloids upregulate maturity markers, such as aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and megalin (LRP2), and exhibit less mesenchymal and proliferation markers, such as vimentin and Ki67, compared to 2D cultures. They also experience changes over time as revealed by a comparison of gene expression patterns of cells in 2D culture and in day 31 and day 67 tubuloids. Gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry reveal an increase in the expression of megalin, an endocytic receptor that can directly bind and uptake protein or potentially assist protein uptake. The tubuloids, including day 90 tubuloids, uptake fluorescent albumin and reveal punctate fluorescent patterns, suggesting functional endocytic uptake through these receptors. Furthermore, the tubuloids release kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a common biomarker for kidney injury, when exposed to albumin in both dose- and time-dependent manners. While this study focuses on potential applications for modeling proteinuric kidney disease, the tubuloids may have broad utility for studies where apical proximal tubule cell access is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Parigoris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amy Yunfan Liu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xueying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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16
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Kann SH, Shaughnessey EM, Coppeta JR, Azizgolshani H, Isenberg BC, Vedula EM, Zhang X, Charest JL. Measurement of oxygen consumption rates of human renal proximal tubule cells in an array of organ-on-chip devices to monitor drug-induced metabolic shifts. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:109. [PMID: 36187891 PMCID: PMC9519964 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of cell metabolism in moderate-throughput to high-throughput organ-on-chip (OOC) systems would expand the range of data collected for studying drug effects or disease in physiologically relevant tissue models. However, current measurement approaches rely on fluorescent imaging or colorimetric assays that are focused on endpoints, require labels or added substrates, and lack real-time data. Here, we integrated optical-based oxygen sensors in a high-throughput OOC platform and developed an approach for monitoring cell metabolic activity in an array of membrane bilayer devices. Each membrane bilayer device supported a culture of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells on a porous membrane suspended between two microchannels and exposed to controlled, unidirectional perfusion and physiologically relevant shear stress for several days. For the first time, we measured changes in oxygen in a membrane bilayer format and used a finite element analysis model to estimate cell oxygen consumption rates (OCRs), allowing comparison with OCRs from other cell culture systems. Finally, we demonstrated label-free detection of metabolic shifts in human renal proximal tubule cells following exposure to FCCP, a drug known for increasing cell oxygen consumption, as well as oligomycin and antimycin A, drugs known for decreasing cell oxygen consumption. The capability to measure cell OCRs and detect metabolic shifts in an array of membrane bilayer devices contained within an industry standard microtiter plate format will be valuable for analyzing flow-responsive and physiologically complex tissues during drug development and disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Kann
- Draper Scholar, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Erin M. Shaughnessey
- Draper Scholar, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Joseph L. Charest
- Draper, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Present Address: Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
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17
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Wang D, Gust M, Ferrell N. Kidney-on-a-Chip: Mechanical Stimulation and Sensor Integration. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6889. [PMID: 36146238 PMCID: PMC9503911 DOI: 10.3390/s22186889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineered in vitro models of the kidney offer unprecedented opportunities to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Kidney-on-a-chip technology reproduces 2D or 3D features which can replicate features of the tissue architecture, composition, and dynamic mechanical forces experienced by cells in vivo. Kidney cells are exposed to mechanical stimuli such as substrate stiffness, shear stress, compression, and stretch, which regulate multiple cellular functions. Incorporating mechanical stimuli in kidney-on-a-chip is critically important for recapitulating the physiological or pathological microenvironment. This review will explore approaches to applying mechanical stimuli to different cell types using kidney-on-a-chip models and how these systems are used to study kidney physiology, model disease, and screen for drug toxicity. We further discuss sensor integration into kidney-on-a-chip for monitoring cellular responses to mechanical or other pathological stimuli. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with incorporating mechanical stimuli in kidney-on-a-chip models for a variety of applications. Overall, this review aims to highlight the importance of mechanical stimuli and sensor integration in the design and implementation of kidney-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew Gust
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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18
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Functional Evaluation and Nephrotoxicity Assessment of Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells on a Chip. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090718. [PMID: 36140103 PMCID: PMC9496563 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro human renal proximal tubule model that represents the proper transporter expression and pronounced epithelial polarization is necessary for the accurate prediction of nephrotoxicity. Here, we constructed a high-throughput human renal proximal tubule model based on an integrated biomimetic array chip (iBAC). Primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (hRPTECs) cultured on this microfluidic platform were able to form a tighter barrier, better transporter function and more sensitive nephrotoxicity prediction than those on the static Transwell. Compared with the human immortalized HK2 model, the hRPTECs model on the chip gained improved apical-basolateral polarization, barrier function and transporter expression. Polymyxin B could induce nephrotoxicity not only from the apical of the hRPTECs, but also from the basolateral side on the iBAC. However, other chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin and sunitinib, only induced nephrotoxicity from the apical surface of the hRPTECs on the iBAC. In summary, our renal proximal tubule model on the chip exhibits improved epithelial polarization and membrane transporter activity, and can be implemented as an effective nephrotoxicity-screening toolkit.
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19
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Giacomini KM, Yee SW, Koleske ML, Zou L, Matsson P, Chen EC, Kroetz DL, Miller MA, Gozalpour E, Chu X. New and Emerging Research on Solute Carrier and ATP Binding Cassette Transporters in Drug Discovery and Development: Outlook From the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:540-561. [PMID: 35488474 PMCID: PMC9398938 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enabled by a plethora of new technologies, research in membrane transporters has exploded in the past decade. The goal of this state-of-the-art article is to describe recent advances in research on membrane transporters that are particularly relevant to drug discovery and development. This review covers advances in basic, translational, and clinical research that has led to an increased understanding of membrane transporters at all levels. At the basic level, we describe the available crystal structures of membrane transporters in both the solute carrier (SLC) and ATP binding cassette superfamilies, which has been enabled by the development of cryogenic electron microscopy methods. Next, we describe new research on lysosomal and mitochondrial transporters as well as recently deorphaned transporters in the SLC superfamily. The translational section includes a summary of proteomic research, which has led to a quantitative understanding of transporter levels in various cell types and tissues and new methods to modulate transporter function, such as allosteric modulators and targeted protein degraders of transporters. The section ends with a review of the effect of the gut microbiome on modulation of transporter function followed by a presentation of 3D cell cultures, which may enable in vivo predictions of transporter function. In the clinical section, we describe new genomic and pharmacogenomic research, highlighting important polymorphisms in transporters that are clinically relevant to many drugs. Finally, we describe new clinical tools, which are becoming increasingly available to enable precision medicine, with the application of tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles and real-world biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sook W. Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Megan L. Koleske
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ling Zou
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug MetabolismAmgen Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pär Matsson
- Department of PharmacologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Eugene C. Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGenentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Deanna L. Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Miles A. Miller
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elnaz Gozalpour
- Drug Safety and MetabolismIMED Biotech UnitSafety and ADME Translational Sciences DepartmentAstraZeneca R&DCambridgeUK
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of ADME and Discovery ToxicologyMerck & Co. IncKenilworthNew JerseyUSA
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20
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Hotait ZS, Lo Cascio JN, Choos END, Shepard BD. The sugar daddy: the role of the renal proximal tubule in glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C791-C803. [PMID: 35912988 PMCID: PMC9448277 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00225.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal blood flow represents >20% of total cardiac output and with this comes the great responsibility of maintaining homeostasis through the intricate regulation of solute handling. Through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, the kidneys ensure that solutes and other small molecules are either returned to circulation, catabolized within renal epithelial cells, or excreted through the process of urination. Although this occurs throughout the renal nephron, one segment is tasked with the bulk of solute reabsorption-the proximal tubule. Among others, the renal proximal tubule is entirely responsible for the reabsorption of glucose, a critical source of energy that fuels the body. In addition, it is the only other site of gluconeogenesis outside of the liver. When these processes go awry, pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and acidosis result. In this review, we highlight the recent advances made in understanding these processes that occur within the renal proximal tubule. We focus on the physiological mechanisms at play regarding glucose reabsorption and glucose metabolism, emphasize the conditions that occur under diseased states, and explore the emerging class of therapeutics that are responsible for restoring homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa S Hotait
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Julia N Lo Cascio
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Elijah N D Choos
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Blythe D Shepard
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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21
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Evaluation of rapid transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement as a metric of kidney toxicity in a high-throughput microfluidic culture system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13182. [PMID: 35915212 PMCID: PMC9343646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid non-invasive kidney-specific readouts are essential to maximizing the potential of microfluidic tissue culture platforms for drug-induced nephrotoxicity screening. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a well-established technique, but it has yet to be evaluated as a metric of toxicity in a kidney proximal tubule (PT) model that recapitulates the high permeability of the native tissue and is also suitable for high-throughput screening. We utilized the PREDICT96 high-throughput microfluidic platform, which has rapid TEER measurement capability and multi-flow control, to evaluate the utility of TEER sensing for detecting cisplatin-induced toxicity in a human primary PT model under both mono- and co-culture conditions as well as two levels of fluid shear stress (FSS). Changes in TEER of PT-microvascular co-cultures followed a dose-dependent trend similar to that demonstrated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays and were well-correlated with tight junction coverage after cisplatin exposure. Additionally, cisplatin-induced changes in TEER were detectable prior to increases in cell death in co-cultures. PT mono-cultures had a less differentiated phenotype and were not conducive to toxicity monitoring with TEER. The results of this study demonstrate that TEER has potential as a rapid, early, and label-free indicator of toxicity in microfluidic PT-microvascular co-culture models.
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22
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Sateesh J, Guha K, Dutta A, Sengupta P, Yalamanchili D, Donepudi NS, Surya Manoj M, Sohail SS. A comprehensive review on advancements in tissue engineering and microfluidics toward kidney-on-chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:041501. [PMID: 35992641 PMCID: PMC9385224 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a detailed literature survey on microfluidics and its road map toward kidney-on-chip technology. The whole review has been tailored with a clear description of crucial milestones in regenerative medicine, such as bioengineering, tissue engineering, microfluidics, microfluidic applications in biomedical engineering, capabilities of microfluidics in biomimetics, organ-on-chip, kidney-on-chip for disease modeling, drug toxicity, and implantable devices. This paper also presents future scope for research in the bio-microfluidics domain and biomimetics domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koushik Guha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Arindam Dutta
- Urologist, RG Stone Urology and Laparoscopic Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Nanda Sai Donepudi
- Medical Interns, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India
| | - M. Surya Manoj
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Sk. Shahrukh Sohail
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
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Mahadeo A, Yeung CK, Himmelfarb J, Kelly EJ. Kidney microphysiological models for nephrotoxicity assessment. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 30:100341. [PMID: 35495549 PMCID: PMC9053105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity testing is an important step in preclinical development of new molecular entities (NMEs) and has traditionally been performed in 2-D cell culture systems and animal models. However, 2-D culture systems fail to replicate complex in vivo microenvironment and animal models face interspecies differences including the overexpression of drug transporters. In the last decade, 3-D microphysiological systems (MPS) have been developed to address these concerns. Here, we review recent advancements in kidney MPS and their application in drug-induced toxicity testing and kidney disease research. We find that current research is making significant progress addressing MPS limitations such as throughput, incorporating various regions of the nephron such as the glomerulus, and successfully modeling and predicting clinically relevant nephrotoxicity of current and new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Mahadeo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Catherine K Yeung
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- The Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Edward J Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- The Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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24
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Bejoy J, Qian ES, Woodard LE. Tissue Culture Models of AKI: From Tubule Cells to Human Kidney Organoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:487-501. [PMID: 35031569 PMCID: PMC8975068 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AKI affects approximately 13.3 million people around the world each year, causing CKD and/or mortality. The mammalian kidney cannot generate new nephrons after postnatal renal damage and regenerative therapies for AKI are not available. Human kidney tissue culture systems can complement animal models of AKI and/or address some of their limitations. Donor-derived somatic cells, such as renal tubule epithelial cells or cell lines (RPTEC/hTERT, ciPTEC, HK-2, Nki-2, and CIHP-1), have been used for decades to permit drug toxicity screening and studies into potential AKI mechanisms. However, tubule cell lines do not fully recapitulate tubular epithelial cell properties in situ when grown under classic tissue culture conditions. Improving tissue culture models of AKI would increase our understanding of the mechanisms, leading to new therapeutics. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be differentiated into kidney organoids and various renal cell types. Injury to human kidney organoids results in renal cell-type crosstalk and upregulation of kidney injury biomarkers that are difficult to induce in primary tubule cell cultures. However, current protocols produce kidney organoids that are not mature and contain off-target cell types. Promising bioengineering techniques, such as bioprinting and "kidney-on-a-chip" methods, as applied to kidney nephrotoxicity modeling advantages and limitations are discussed. This review explores the mechanisms and detection of AKI in tissue culture, with an emphasis on bioengineered approaches such as human kidney organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bejoy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eddie S. Qian
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lauren E. Woodard
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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25
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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26
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Fanizza F, Campanile M, Forloni G, Giordano C, Albani D. Induced pluripotent stem cell-based organ-on-a-chip as personalized drug screening tools: A focus on neurodegenerative disorders. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221095339. [PMID: 35570845 PMCID: PMC9092580 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221095339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) technology shows great potential to revolutionize the drugs development pipeline by mimicking the physiological environment and functions of human organs. The translational value of OoC is further enhanced when combined with patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to develop more realistic disease models, paving the way for the development of a new generation of patient-on-a-chip devices. iPSCs differentiation capacity leads to invaluable improvements in personalized medicine. Moreover, the connection of single-OoC into multi-OoC or body-on-a-chip allows to investigate drug pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics through the study of multi-organs cross-talks. The need of a breakthrough thanks to this technology is particularly relevant within the field of neurodegenerative diseases, where the number of patients is increasing and the successful rate in drug discovery is worryingly low. In this review we discuss current iPSC-based OoC as drug screening models and their implication in development of new therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanizza
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and
Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Campanile
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and
Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di
Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and
Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di
Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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27
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Bodke VV, Burdette JE. Advancements in Microfluidic Systems for the Study of Female Reproductive Biology. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6225875. [PMID: 33852726 PMCID: PMC8571709 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The female reproductive tract is a highly complex physiological system that consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. An enhanced understanding of the molecular, cellular, and genetic mechanisms of the tract will allow for the development of more effective assisted reproductive technologies, therapeutics, and screening strategies for female specific disorders. Traditional 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional static culture systems may not always reflect the cellular and physical contexts or physicochemical microenvironment necessary to understand the dynamic exchange that is crucial for the functioning of the reproductive system. Microfluidic systems present a unique opportunity to study the female reproductive tract, as these systems recapitulate the multicellular architecture, contacts between different tissues, and microenvironmental cues that largely influence cell structure, function, behavior, and growth. This review discusses examples, challenges, and benefits of using microfluidic systems to model ovaries, fallopian tubes, endometrium, and placenta. Additionally, this review also briefly discusses the use of these systems in studying the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals and diseases such as ovarian cancer, preeclampsia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedant V Bodke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA
- Correspondence: Joanna E. Burdette, PhD, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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28
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Nieskens TTG, Magnusson O, Andersson P, Söderberg M, Persson M, Sjögren AK. Nephrotoxic antisense oligonucleotide SPC5001 induces kidney injury biomarkers in a proximal tubule-on-a-chip. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2123-2136. [PMID: 33961089 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a promising therapeutic modality. However, failure to predict acute kidney injury induced by SPC5001 ASO observed in a clinical trial suggests the need for additional preclinical models to complement the preceding animal toxicity studies. To explore the utility of in vitro systems in this space, we evaluated the induction of nephrotoxicity and kidney injury biomarkers by SPC5001 in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HRPTEC), cultured in 2D, and in a recently developed kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip. 2D HRPTEC cultures were exposed to the nephrotoxic ASO SPC5001 or the safe control ASO 556089 (0.16-40 µM) for up to 72 h, targeting PCSK9 and MALAT1, respectively. Both ASOs induced a concentration-dependent downregulation of their respective mRNA targets but cytotoxicity (determined by LDH activity) was not observed at any concentration. Next, chip-cultured HRPTEC were exposed to SPC5001 (0.5 and 5 µM) and 556089 (1 and 10 µM) for 48 h to confirm downregulation of their respective target transcripts, with 74.1 ± 5.2% for SPC5001 (5 µM) and 79.4 ± 0.8% for 556089 (10 µM). During extended exposure for up to 20 consecutive days, only SPC5001 induced cytotoxicity (at the higher concentration; 5 µM), as evaluated by LDH in the perfusate medium. Moreover, perfusate levels of biomarkers KIM-1, NGAL, clusterin, osteopontin and VEGF increased 2.5 ± 0.2-fold, 3.9 ± 0.9-fold, 2.3 ± 0.6-fold, 3.9 ± 1.7-fold and 1.9 ± 0.4-fold respectively, in response to SPC5001, generating distinct time-dependent profiles. In conclusion, target downregulation, cytotoxicity and kidney injury biomarkers were induced by the clinically nephrotoxic ASO SPC5001, demonstrating the translational potential of this kidney on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T G Nieskens
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Otto Magnusson
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Patrik Andersson
- R&I Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Söderberg
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mikael Persson
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Sjögren
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden.
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29
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Sung JH. Multi-organ-on-a-chip for pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetic study of drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:969-986. [PMID: 33764248 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1908996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Accurate prediction of pharmacokinetic (PK) and toxicokinetics (TK) of drugs is imperative for successful development of new pharmaceutics. Although conventional in vitro methods for predicting the PK and TK of drugs are well established, limitations still exist and more advanced chip-based in vitro platforms combined with mathematical models can help researchers overcome the limitations. Areas covered: We will review recent progress in the development of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms for predicting PK and TK of drugs, as well as mathematical approaches that can be combined with these platforms for experiment design, data analysis and in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) for application to humans. Expert opinion: Although there remain some challenges to be addressed, the remarkable progress in the area of multi-organ-on-a-chip in recent years indicate that we will see tangible outcomes that can be utilized in the pharmaceutical industry in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, sejong, Republic of Korea
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