1
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To KKW, Huang Z, Zhang H, Ashby CR, Fu L. Utilizing non-coding RNA-mediated regulation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters to overcome multidrug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101058. [PMID: 38277757 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the primary factors that produces treatment failure in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. MDR is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, characterized by a decrease or abrogation of the efficacy of a wide spectrum of anticancer drugs that are structurally and mechanistically distinct. The overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, notably ABCG2 and ABCB1, are one of the primary mediators of MDR in cancer cells, which promotes the efflux of certain chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells, thereby decreasing or abolishing their therapeutic efficacy. A number of studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a pivotal role in mediating the upregulation of ABC transporters in certain MDR cancer cells. This review will provide updated information about the induction of ABC transporters due to the aberrant regulation of ncRNAs in cancer cells. We will also discuss the measurement and biological profile of circulating ncRNAs in various body fluids as potential biomarkers for predicting the response of cancer patients to chemotherapy. Sequence variations, such as alternative polyadenylation of mRNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) at miRNA target sites, which may indicate the interaction of miRNA-mediated gene regulation with genetic variations to modulate the MDR phenotype, will be reviewed. Finally, we will highlight novel strategies that could be used to modulate ncRNAs and circumvent ABC transporter-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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2
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Zhang F, Lei X, Yang X. Emerging roles of ncRNAs regulating ABCC1 on chemotherapy resistance of cancer - a review. J Chemother 2024; 36:1-10. [PMID: 38263773 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2247202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In the process of chemotherapy, drug resistance of cancer cells is a common and difficult problem of chemotherapy failure, and it is also the main cause of cancer recurrence and metastasis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refer to the RNA that does not encode proteins, including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circularRNA (circRNA), etc. NcRNAs are involved in a series of important life processes and further regulate the expression of ABCC1 by directly or indirectly up-regulating or down-regulating the expression of targeted mRNAs, making cancer cells more susceptible to drug resistance. A growing number of studies have shown that ncRNAs have effects on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug sensitivity, by regulating the expression of ABCC1. In this review, we will discuss the emerging roles of ncRNAs regulating ABCC1 in chemotherapy resistance and mechanisms to reverse drug resistance as well as provide potential targets for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
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3
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Marjamaa A, Gibbs B, Kotrba C, Masamha CP. The role and impact of alternative polyadenylation and miRNA regulation on the expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1/ABCC1) in epithelial ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17476. [PMID: 37838788 PMCID: PMC10576765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCC1) is associated with poor survival and chemotherapy drug resistance in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The mechanisms driving ABCC1 expression are poorly understood. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) can give rise to ABCC1 mRNAs which differ only in the length of their 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs) in a process known as 3'UTR-APA. Like other ABC transporters, shortening of the 3'UTR of ABCC1 through 3'UTR-APA would eliminate microRNA binding sites found within the longer 3'UTRs, hence eliminating miRNA regulation and altering gene expression. We found that the HGSOC cell lines Caov-3 and Ovcar-3 express higher levels of ABCC1 protein than normal cells. APA of ABCC1 occurs in all three cell lines resulting in mRNAs with both short and long 3'UTRs. In Ovcar-3, mRNAs with shorter 3'UTRs dominate resulting in a six-fold increase in protein expression. We were able to show that miR-185-5p and miR-326 both target the ABCC1 3'UTR. Hence, 3'UTR-APA should be considered as an important regulator of ABCC1 expression in HGSOC. Both HGSOC cell lines are cisplatin resistant, and we used erastin to induce ferroptosis, an alternative form of cell death. We showed that we could induce ferroptosis and sensitize the cisplatin resistant cells to cisplatin by using erastin. Knocking down ABCC1 resulted in decreased cell viability, but did not contribute to erastin induced ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Marjamaa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, 46208, USA
| | - Bettine Gibbs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, 46208, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chloe Kotrba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, 46208, USA
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4
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Tu MJ, Yu AM. Recent Advances in Novel Recombinant RNAs for Studying Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation in Drug Metabolism and Disposition. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:175-189. [PMID: 37170982 PMCID: PMC10825985 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230425232433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters are major determinants of the absorption, disposition, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs, and changes in ADME gene expression or function may alter the pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) and further influence drug safety and therapeutic outcomes. ADME gene functions are controlled by diverse factors, such as genetic polymorphism, transcriptional regulation, and coadministered medications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a superfamily of regulatory small noncoding RNAs that are transcribed from the genome to regulate target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The roles of miRNAs in controlling ADME gene expression have been demonstrated, and such miRNAs may consequently influence cellular drug metabolism and disposition capacity. Several types of miRNA mimics and small interfering RNA (siRNA) reagents have been developed and widely used for ADME research. In this review article, we first provide a brief introduction to the mechanistic actions of miRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and transcription factors. After summarizing conventional small RNA production methods, we highlight the latest advances in novel recombinant RNA technologies and applications of the resultant bioengineered RNA (BioRNA) agents to ADME studies. BioRNAs produced in living cells are not only powerful tools for general biological and biomedical research but also potential therapeutic agents amenable to clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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5
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Kaehler M, Litterst M, Kolarova J, Böhm R, Bruckmueller H, Ammerpohl O, Cascorbi I, Nagel I. Genome‑wide expression and methylation analyses reveal aberrant cell adhesion signaling in tyrosine kinase inhibitor‑resistant CML cells. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:144. [PMID: 35730629 PMCID: PMC9245083 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) can be effectively treated using BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibitors, resistance due to kinase alterations or to BCR-ABL1 independent mechanisms remain a therapeutic challenge. For the latter, the underlying mechanisms are widely discussed; for instance, gene expression changes, epigenetic factors and alternative signaling pathway activation. In the present study, in vitro-CML cell models of resistance against the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib (0.5 and 2 µM) and nilotinib (0.1 µM) with biological replicates were generated to identify novel mechanisms of resistance. Subsequently, genome-wide mRNA expression and DNA methylation were analyzed. While mRNA expression patterns differed largely between biological replicates, there was an overlap of 71 genes differentially expressed between cells resistant against imatinib or nilotinib. Moreover, all TKI resistant cell lines demonstrated a slight hypermethylation compared with native cells. In a combined analysis of 151 genes differentially expressed in the biological replicates of imatinib resistance, cell adhesion signaling, in particular the cellular matrix protein fibronectin 1 (FN1), was significantly dysregulated. This gene was also downregulated in nilotinib resistance. Further analyses showed significant FN1-downregulation in imatinib resistance on mRNA (P<0.001) and protein level (P<0.001). SiRNA-mediated FN1-knockdown in native cells reduced cell adhesion (P=0.02), decreased imatinib susceptibility visible by higher Ki-67 expression (1.5-fold, P=0.04) and increased cell number (1.5-fold, P=0.03). Vice versa, recovery of FN1-expression in imatinib resistant cells was sufficient to partially restore the response to imatinib. Overall, these results suggested a role of cell adhesion signaling and fibronectin 1 in TKI resistant CML and a potential target for novel strategies in treatment of resistant CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Merit Litterst
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Kolarova
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ruwen Böhm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Nagel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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6
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Brouwer KLR, Evers R, Hayden E, Hu S, Li CY, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Neuhoff S, Oswald S, Piquette-Miller M, Saran C, Sjöstedt N, Sprowl JA, Stahl SH, Yue W. Regulation of Drug Transport Proteins-From Mechanisms to Clinical Impact: A White Paper on Behalf of the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:461-484. [PMID: 35390174 PMCID: PMC9398928 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport proteins are involved in the absorption, disposition, efficacy, and/or toxicity of many drugs. Numerous mechanisms (e.g., nuclear receptors, epigenetic gene regulation, microRNAs, alternative splicing, post‐translational modifications, and trafficking) regulate transport protein levels, localization, and function. Various factors associated with disease, medications, and dietary constituents, for example, may alter the regulation and activity of transport proteins in the intestine, liver, kidneys, brain, lungs, placenta, and other important sites, such as tumor tissue. This white paper reviews key mechanisms and regulatory factors that alter the function of clinically relevant transport proteins involved in drug disposition. Current considerations with in vitro and in vivo models that are used to investigate transporter regulation are discussed, including strengths, limitations, and the inherent challenges in predicting the impact of changes due to regulation of one transporter on compensatory pathways and overall drug disposition. In addition, translation and scaling of in vitro observations to in vivo outcomes are considered. The importance of incorporating altered transporter regulation in modeling and simulation approaches to predict the clinical impact on drug disposition is also discussed. Regulation of transporters is highly complex and, therefore, identification of knowledge gaps will aid in directing future research to expand our understanding of clinically relevant molecular mechanisms of transporter regulation. This information is critical to the development of tools and approaches to improve therapeutic outcomes by predicting more accurately the impact of regulation‐mediated changes in transporter function on drug disposition and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond Evers
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hayden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Chitra Saran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Simone H Stahl
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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7
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Saiyed AN, Vasavada AR, Johar SRK. Recent trends in miRNA therapeutics and the application of plant miRNA for prevention and treatment of human diseases. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022; 8:24. [PMID: 35382490 PMCID: PMC8972743 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers now have a new avenue to investigate when it comes to miRNA-based therapeutics. miRNAs have the potential to be valuable biomarkers for disease detection. Variations in miRNA levels may be able to predict changes in normal physiological processes. At the epigenetic level, miRNA has been identified as a promising candidate for distinguishing and treating various diseases and defects. Main body In recent pharmacology, plants miRNA-based drugs have demonstrated a potential role in drug therapeutics. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss miRNA-based therapeutics, the role of miRNA in pharmacoepigenetics modulations, plant miRNA inter-kingdom regulation, and the therapeutic value and application of plant miRNA for cross-kingdom approaches. Target prediction and complementarity with host genes, as well as cross-kingdom gene interactions with plant miRNAs, are also revealed by bioinformatics research. We also show how plant miRNA can be transmitted from one species to another by crossing kingdom boundaries in this review. Despite several unidentified barriers to plant miRNA cross-transfer, plant miRNA-based gene regulation in trans-kingdom gene regulation may soon be valued as a possible approach in plant-based drug therapeutics. Conclusion This review summarised the biochemical synthesis of miRNAs, pharmacoepigenetics, drug therapeutics and miRNA transkingdom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyabanu N. Saiyed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
- Ph.D. scholar of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Abhay R. Vasavada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - S. R. Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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8
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Dynamic Variations of 3'UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111560. [PMID: 34829789 PMCID: PMC8615635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper concerns 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of mRNAs, which are non-coding regulatory platforms that control stability, fate and the correct spatiotemporal translation of mRNAs. Many mRNAs have polymorphic 3′UTR regions. Controlling 3′UTR length and sequence facilitates the regulation of the accessibility of functional effectors (RNA binding proteins, miRNAs or other ncRNAs) to 3′UTR functional boxes and motifs and the establishment of different regulatory landscapes for mRNA function. In this context, shortening of 3′UTRs would loosen miRNA or protein-based mechanisms of mRNA degradation, while 3′UTR lengthening would strengthen accessibility to these effectors. Alterations in the mechanisms regulating 3′UTR length would result in widespread deregulation of gene expression that could eventually lead to diseases likely linked to the loss (or acquisition) of specific miRNA binding sites. Here, we will review the mechanisms that control 3′UTR length dynamics and their alterations in human disorders. We will discuss, from a mechanistic point of view centered on the molecular machineries involved, the generation of 3′UTR variability by the use of alternative polyadenylation and cleavage sites, of mutually exclusive terminal alternative exons (exon skipping) as well as by the process of exonization of Alu cassettes to generate new 3′UTRs with differential functional features.
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9
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Behl T, Sehgal A, Grover M, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Uncurtaining the pivotal role of ABC transporters in diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41533-41551. [PMID: 34085197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders are the edge points for the initiation of various diseases. These disorders comprised of several diseases including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular complications. Worldwide, the prevalence of these disorders is increasing day by day. The world's population is at higher threat of developing metabolic disease, especially diabetes. Therefore, there is an impregnable necessity of searching for a newer therapeutic target to reduce the burden of these disorders. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked with the dysregulated insulin secretion and resistance. The lipid and glucose transporters portray a pivotal role in the metabolism and transport of both of these. The excess production of lipid and glucose and decreased clearance of these leads to the emergence of DM. The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCT) are important for the metabolism of glucose and lipid. Various studies suggest the key involvement of ABCT in the pathologic process of different diseases. In addition, the involvement of other pathways, including IGF signaling, P13-Akt/PKC/MAPK signaling, and GLP-1 via regulation of ABCT, may help develop new treatment strategies to cope with insulin resistance dysregulated glucose metabolism, key features in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhuri Grover
- BS Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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10
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Kaehler M, Cascorbi I. Pharmacogenomics of Impaired Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Response: Lessons Learned From Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:696960. [PMID: 34262462 PMCID: PMC8273252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.696960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of small molecules became one key cornerstone of targeted anti-cancer therapy. Among them, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are especially important, as they were the first molecules to proof the concept of targeted anti-cancer treatment. Since 2001, TKIs can be successfully used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). CML is a hematologic neoplasm, predominantly caused by reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) leading to formation of the so-called BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. By binding to the BCR-ABL1 kinase and inhibition of downstream target phosphorylation, TKIs, such as imatinib or nilotinib, can be used as single agents to treat CML patients resulting in 80 % 10-year survival rates. However, treatment failure can be observed in 20-25 % of CML patients occurring either dependent or independent from the BCR-ABL1 kinase. Here, we review approved TKIs that are indicated for the treatment of CML, their side effects and limitations. We point out mechanisms of TKI resistance focusing either on BCR-ABL1-dependent mechanisms by summarizing the clinically observed BCR-ABL1-mutations and their implications on TKI binding, as well as on BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms of resistances. For the latter, we discuss potential mechanisms, among them cytochrome P450 implications, drug efflux transporter variants and expression, microRNA deregulation, as well as the role of alternative signaling pathways. Further, we give insights on how TKI resistance could be analyzed and what could be learned from studying TKI resistance in CML in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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11
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Kaehler M, Dworschak M, Rodin JP, Ruemenapp J, Vater I, Penas EMM, Liu C, Cascorbi I, Nagel I. ZFP36L1 plays an ambiguous role in the regulation of cell expansion and negatively regulates CDKN1A in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Exp Hematol 2021; 99:54-64.e7. [PMID: 34090970 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA-destabilizing proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 are described as mediators of quiescence and play a pivotal role in hematopoietic malignancies. Both genes are mainly classified as tumor suppressor genes as they posttranscriptionally downregulate the expression of oncogenes and contribute to cellular quiescence. Here, we analyzed the role of ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We found ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 expression to be deregulated in patients with CML. By use of in vitro models of tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, an increase in ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 expression was detected during the development of imatinib resistance. CRISPR/Cas9-derived knockout of ZFP36L1, but not of ZFP36L2, in imatinib-sensitive cells led to decreased proliferation rates in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This effect was also observed in untreated ZFP36L1 knockout cells, albeit to a lower extent. Genomewide gene expression analyses of ZFP36L1 knockout cells revealed differential expression of cell cycle regulators, in particular upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A. In addition, the 3' untranslated region of CDKN1A was proven to be a direct target of ZFP36L1. This indicates that tumor suppressor genes can also be targeted by ZFP36L1. Hence, ZFP36L1 cannot unambiguously be regarded as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maike Dworschak
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julian Phillip Rodin
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johanna Ruemenapp
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Vater
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel Germany
| | - Eva Maria Murga Penas
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel Germany
| | - Catherine Liu
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Inga Nagel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel Germany
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12
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Kim M, Jee SC, Kim KS, Kim HS, Yu KN, Sung JS. Quercetin and Isorhamnetin Attenuate Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Toxicity by Modulating Detoxification Enzymes through the AhR and NRF2 Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050787. [PMID: 34065697 PMCID: PMC8156367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene, classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, is metabolized to B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), causing DNA mutations and eventually cancer. Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables. After quercetin intake, quercetin's metabolites isorhamnetin and miquelianin are more highly concentrated than quercetin in the human plasma. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with the cytoprotective effect of quercetin and its metabolites against benzo[a]pyrene from a detoxification perspective. Quercetin and its metabolite isorhamnetin reduced benzo[a]pyrene-induced cytotoxicity, whereas the metabolite miquelianin did not mitigate benzo[a]pyrene-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, quercetin and isorhamnetin reduced intracellular levels of BPDE-DNA adducts. The formation and elimination of BPDE is mediated by the xenobiotic detoxification process. Quercetin and isorhamnetin increased the gene and protein expression levels of phase I, II, and III enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxification. Furthermore, quercetin and isorhamnetin induced the translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which regulate the expression level of phase enzymes. Our results suggest that quercetin and isorhamnetin promote the metabolism, detoxification, and elimination of B[a]P, thereby increasing anti-genotoxic effects and protecting against B[a]P-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.K.); (S.-C.J.); (K.-N.Y.)
| | - Seung-Cheol Jee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.K.); (S.-C.J.); (K.-N.Y.)
| | - Kyeong-Seok Kim
- Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University-Suwon, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-S.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University-Suwon, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-S.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Kyoung-Nae Yu
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.K.); (S.-C.J.); (K.-N.Y.)
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.K.); (S.-C.J.); (K.-N.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5132; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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Awortwe C, Bruckmueller H, Kaehler M, Cascorbi I. Interaction of Phytocompounds of Echinacea purpurea with ABCB1 and ABCG2 Efflux Transporters. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1622-1633. [PMID: 33730506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preparations of Echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) are widely used for the management of upper respiratory infections, influenza, and common cold, often in combination with other conventional drugs. However, the potential of phytochemical constituents of E. purpurea to cause herb-drug interactions via ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux transporters remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of E. purpurea-derived caffeic acid derivatives (cichoric acid and echinacoside) and tetraenes on the mRNA and protein expression levels as well as on transport activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in intestinal (Caco-2) and liver (HepG2) cell line models. The safety of these compounds was investigated by estimating EC20 values of cell viability assays in both cell lines. Regulation of ABCB1 and ABCG2 protein in these cell lines were analyzed after 24 h exposure to the compounds at 1, 10, and 50 μg/mL. Bidirectional transport of 0.5 μg/mL Hoechst 33342 and 5 μM rhodamine across Caco-2 monolayer and profiling for intracellular concentrations of the fluorophores in both cell lines were conducted to ascertain inhibition effects of the compounds. Cichoric acid showed no cytotoxic effect, while the EC20 values of tetraenes and echinacoside were 45.0 ± 3.0 and 52.0 ± 4.0 μg/mL in Caco-2 cells and 28.0 ± 4.3 and 62.0 ± 9.9 μg/mL in HepG2 cells, respectively. In general, the compounds showed heterogeneous induction of ABCB1 with the strongest 3.6 ± 1.2-fold increase observed for 10 μg/mL tetraenes in Caco-2 cells (p < 0.001). However, the compounds did not induce ABCG2. None of the phytocompounds inhibited significantly net flux of the fluorophores across Caco-2 monolayers. Overall, tetraenes moderately induced ABCB1 but not ABCG2 in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells while no compound significantly inhibited activity of these transporters at clinically relevant concentration to cause herb-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Awortwe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Meike Kaehler
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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14
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Iannaccone T, Sellitto C, Manzo V, Colucci F, Giudice V, Stefanelli B, Iuliano A, Corrivetti G, Filippelli A. Pharmacogenetics of Carbamazepine and Valproate: Focus on Polymorphisms of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:204. [PMID: 33804537 PMCID: PMC8001195 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics can identify polymorphisms in genes involved in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics determining differences in efficacy and safety and causing inter-individual variability in drug response. Therefore, pharmacogenomics can help clinicians in optimizing therapy based on patient's genotype, also in psychiatric and neurological settings. However, pharmacogenetic screenings for psychotropic drugs are not routinely employed in diagnosis and monitoring of patients treated with mood stabilizers, such as carbamazepine and valproate, because their benefit in clinical practice is still controversial. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on pharmacogenetic biomarkers of these anticonvulsant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Iannaccone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (T.I.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (V.G.); (B.S.); (A.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Carmine Sellitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (T.I.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (V.G.); (B.S.); (A.I.); (A.F.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Manzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (T.I.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (V.G.); (B.S.); (A.I.); (A.F.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Colucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (T.I.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (V.G.); (B.S.); (A.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (T.I.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (V.G.); (B.S.); (A.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Berenice Stefanelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (T.I.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (V.G.); (B.S.); (A.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio Iuliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (T.I.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (V.G.); (B.S.); (A.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Giulio Corrivetti
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), 84125 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (T.I.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (V.G.); (B.S.); (A.I.); (A.F.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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15
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Liang Y, Liang Q, Qiao L, Xiao F. MicroRNAs Modulate Drug Resistance-Related Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:920. [PMID: 32695666 PMCID: PMC7338562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer [hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, causing serious health threats because of its high morbidity and mortality, rapid growth, and strong invasiveness. Patients with HCC frequently develop resistance to the current chemotherapeutic drugs, and this is largely attributed to the high-level heterogeneity of the tumor tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of master regulators for multiple physiological and pathological processes and play important roles in the tumorigenesis. More recent studies have indicated that miRNAs also play a non-negligible role in the development of drug resistance in liver cancer. In this review, we summarize the data from the latest studies on the mechanisms of drug resistance in liver cancer, including autophagy, membrane transporters, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), tumor microenvironment, and genes and proteins that are associated with apoptosis. The data herein will provide valuable information for the development of novel approaches to tackle drug resistance in the management of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Center, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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