1
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Huang J, Ojambati OS, Climent C, Cuartero-Gonzalez A, Elliott E, Feist J, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Baumberg JJ. Influence of Quadrupolar Molecular Transitions within Plasmonic Cavities. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14487-14495. [PMID: 38787356 PMCID: PMC11155255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Optical nanocavities have revolutionized the manipulation of radiative properties of molecular and semiconductor emitters. Here, we investigate the amplified photoluminescence arising from exciting a dark transition of β-carotene molecules embedded within plasmonic nanocavities. Integrating a molecular monolayer into nanoparticle-on-mirror nanostructures unveils enhancements surpassing 4 orders of magnitude in the initially light-forbidden excitation. Such pronounced enhancements transcend conventional dipolar mechanisms, underscoring the presence of alternative enhancement pathways. Notably, Fourier-plane scattering spectroscopy shows that the photoluminescence excitation resonance aligns with a higher-order plasmonic cavity mode, which supports strong field gradients. Combining quantum chemistry calculations with electromagnetic simulations reveals an important interplay between the Franck-Condon quadrupole and Herzberg-Teller dipole contributions in governing the absorption characteristics of this dark transition. In contrast to free space, the quadrupole moment plays a significant role in photoluminescence enhancement within nanoparticle-on-mirror cavities. These findings provide an approach to access optically inactive transitions, promising advancements in spectroscopy and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Huang
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Oluwafemi S. Ojambati
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Clàudia Climent
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alvaro Cuartero-Gonzalez
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, ICAI, Universidad
Pontificia Comillas, Madrid 28015, Spain
| | - Eoin Elliott
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Antonio I. Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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2
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Wells L, Müller T, Stevenson RM, Skiba-Szymanska J, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. Coherent light scattering from a telecom C-band quantum dot. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8371. [PMID: 38102132 PMCID: PMC10724139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum networks have the potential to transform secure communication via quantum key distribution and enable novel concepts in distributed quantum computing and sensing. Coherent quantum light generation at telecom wavelengths is fundamental for fibre-based network implementations, but Fourier-limited emission and subnatural linewidth photons have so far only been reported from systems operating in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range. Here, we use InAs/InP quantum dots to demonstrate photons with coherence times much longer than the Fourier limit at telecom wavelength via elastic scattering of excitation laser photons. Further, we show that even the inelastically scattered photons have coherence times within the error bars of the Fourier limit. Finally, we make direct use of the minimal attenuation in fibre for these photons by measuring two-photon interference after 25 km of fibre, demonstrating finite interference visibility for photons emitted about 100,000 excitation cycles apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wells
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - T Müller
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK.
| | - R M Stevenson
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - J Skiba-Szymanska
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - D A Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - A J Shields
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0GZ, UK
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3
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Non-classical correlations over 1250 modes between telecom photons and 979-nm photons stored in 171Yb 3+:Y 2SiO 5. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6438. [PMID: 36307421 PMCID: PMC9616888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum repeaters based on heralded entanglement require quantum nodes that are able to generate multimode quantum correlations between memories and telecommunication photons. The communication rate scales linearly with the number of modes, yet highly multimode quantum storage remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate an atomic frequency comb quantum memory with a time-domain mode capacity of 1250 modes and a bandwidth of 100 MHz. The memory is based on a Y2SiO5 crystal doped with 171Yb3+ ions, with a memory wavelength of 979 nm. The memory is interfaced with a source of non-degenerate photon pairs at 979 and 1550 nm, bandwidth-matched to the quantum memory. We obtain strong non-classical second-order cross correlations over all modes, for storage times of up to 25 μs. The telecommunication photons propagated through 5 km of fiber before the release of the memory photons, a key capability for quantum repeaters based on heralded entanglement and feed-forward operations. Building on this experiment should allow distribution of entanglement between remote quantum nodes, with enhanced rates owing to the high multimode capacity. Multimode operation would greatly improve the performances of quantum repeaters. Here, the authors demonstrate a fixed-delay atomic frequency comb quantum memory, based on a Y2SiO5 crystal doped with Ytterbium ions, with a time-domain mode capacity of 1250 modes and a bandwidth of 100 MHz.
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4
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Schöll E, Schweickert L, Hanschke L, Zeuner KD, Sbresny F, Lettner T, Trivedi R, Reindl M, Covre da Silva SF, Trotta R, Finley JJ, Vučković J, Müller K, Rastelli A, Zwiller V, Jöns KD. Crux of Using the Cascaded Emission of a Three-Level Quantum Ladder System to Generate Indistinguishable Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:233605. [PMID: 33337175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.233605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the degree of indistinguishability of cascaded photons emitted from a three-level quantum ladder system; in our case the biexciton-exciton cascade of semiconductor quantum dots. For the three-level quantum ladder system we theoretically demonstrate that the indistinguishability is inherently limited for both emitted photons and determined by the ratio of the lifetimes of the excited and intermediate states. We experimentally confirm this finding by comparing the quantum interference visibility of noncascaded emission and cascaded emission from the same semiconductor quantum dot. Quantum optical simulations produce very good agreement with the measurements and allow us to explore a large parameter space. Based on our model, we propose photonic structures to optimize the lifetime ratio and overcome the limited indistinguishability of cascaded photon emission from a three-level quantum ladder system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schöll
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Hanschke
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina D Zeuner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Friedrich Sbresny
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Lettner
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rahul Trivedi
- Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jelena Vučković
- Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus D Jöns
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Phillips CL, Brash AJ, McCutcheon DPS, Iles-Smith J, Clarke E, Royall B, Skolnick MS, Fox AM, Nazir A. Photon Statistics of Filtered Resonance Fluorescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:043603. [PMID: 32794814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spectral filtering of resonance fluorescence is widely employed to improve single photon purity and indistinguishability by removing unwanted backgrounds. For filter bandwidths approaching the emitter linewidth, complex behavior is predicted due to preferential transmission of components with differing photon statistics. We probe this regime using a Purcell-enhanced quantum dot in both weak and strong excitation limits, finding excellent agreement with an extended sensor theory model. By changing only the filter width, the photon statistics can be transformed between antibunched, bunched, or Poissonian. Our results verify that strong antibunching and a subnatural linewidth cannot simultaneously be observed, providing new insight into the nature of coherent scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Phillips
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dara P S McCutcheon
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Mark Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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6
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Vibrational enhancement of quadrature squeezing and phase sensitivity in resonance fluorescence. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3034. [PMID: 31292447 PMCID: PMC6620290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational environments are commonly considered to be detrimental to the optical emission properties of solid-state and molecular systems, limiting their performance within quantum information protocols. Given that such environments arise naturally it is important to ask whether they can instead be turned to our advantage. Here we show that vibrational interactions can be harnessed within resonance fluorescence to generate optical states with a higher degree of quadrature squeezing than in isolated atomic systems. Considering the example of a driven quantum dot coupled to phonons, we demonstrate that it is feasible to surpass the maximum level of squeezing theoretically obtainable in an isolated atomic system and indeed come close to saturating the fundamental upper bound on squeezing from a two-level emitter. We analyse the performance of these vibrationally-enhanced squeezed states in a phase estimation protocol, finding that for the same photon flux, they can outperform the single mode squeezed vacuum state. Vibrational interactions are usually considered an obstacle to the creation and manipulation of quantum states; looking at the paradigmatic example of a driven quantum dot, the authors show how they could actually help to engineer optical states that are impossible to reach in the perfectly isolated case.
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7
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Brash AJ, Iles-Smith J, Phillips CL, McCutcheon DPS, O'Hara J, Clarke E, Royall B, Wilson LR, Mørk J, Skolnick MS, Fox AM, Nazir A. Light Scattering from Solid-State Quantum Emitters: Beyond the Atomic Picture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:167403. [PMID: 31702333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.167403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent scattering of light by a single quantum emitter is a fundamental process at the heart of many proposed quantum technologies. Unlike atomic systems, solid-state emitters couple to their host lattice by phonons. Using a quantum dot in an optical nanocavity, we resolve these interactions in both time and frequency domains, going beyond the atomic picture to develop a comprehensive model of light scattering from solid-state emitters. We find that even in the presence of a low-Q cavity with high Purcell enhancement, phonon coupling leads to a sideband that is completely insensitive to excitation conditions and to a nonmonotonic relationship between laser detuning and coherent fraction, both of which are major deviations from atomlike behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L Phillips
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dara P S McCutcheon
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - John O'Hara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DE, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Luke R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Mørk
- Department of Photonics Engineering, DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Building 343, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Mark Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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8
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Foster AP, Hallett D, Iorsh IV, Sheldon SJ, Godsland MR, Royall B, Clarke E, Shelykh IA, Fox AM, Skolnick MS, Itskevich IE, Wilson LR. Tunable Photon Statistics Exploiting the Fano Effect in a Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:173603. [PMID: 31107076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A strong optical nonlinearity arises when coherent light is scattered by a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide. We exploit the Fano effect in such a waveguide to control the phase of the quantum interference underpinning the nonlinearity, experimentally demonstrating a tunable quantum optical filter which converts a coherent input state into either a bunched or an antibunched nonclassical output state. We show theoretically that the generation of nonclassical light is predicated on the formation of a two-photon bound state due to the interaction of the input coherent state with the quantum dot. Our model demonstrates that the tunable photon statistics arise from the dependence of the sign of two-photon interference (either constructive or destructive) on the detuning of the input relative to the Fano resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Foster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Hallett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - I V Iorsh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - S J Sheldon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M R Godsland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - I A Shelykh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A M Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I E Itskevich
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - L R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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9
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Schöll E, Hanschke L, Schweickert L, Zeuner KD, Reindl M, Covre da Silva SF, Lettner T, Trotta R, Finley JJ, Müller K, Rastelli A, Zwiller V, Jöns KD. Resonance Fluorescence of GaAs Quantum Dots with Near-Unity Photon Indistinguishability. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2404-2410. [PMID: 30862165 PMCID: PMC6463245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photonic quantum technologies call for scalable quantum light sources that can be integrated, while providing the end user with single and entangled photons on demand. One promising candidate is strain free GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots obtained by aluminum droplet etching. Such quantum dots exhibit ultra low multi-photon probability and an unprecedented degree of photon pair entanglement. However, different to commonly studied InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots obtained by the Stranski-Krastanow mode, photons with a near-unity indistinguishability from these quantum emitters have proven to be elusive so far. Here, we show on-demand generation of near-unity indistinguishable photons from these quantum emitters by exploring pulsed resonance fluorescence. Given the short intrinsic lifetime of excitons and trions confined in the GaAs quantum dots, we show single photon indistinguishability with a raw visibility of [Formula: see text], without the need for Purcell enhancement. Our results represent a milestone in the advance of GaAs quantum dots by demonstrating the final missing property standing in the way of using these emitters as a key component in quantum communication applications, e.g., as quantum light sources for quantum repeater architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schöll
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova
University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken
21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Hanschke
- Walter
Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lucas Schweickert
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova
University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken
21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina D. Zeuner
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova
University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken
21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Lettner
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova
University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken
21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza Università di
Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jonathan J. Finley
- Walter
Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter
Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova
University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken
21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus D. Jöns
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova
University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken
21, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Strauß M, Carmele A, Schleibner J, Hohn M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Wolters J, Reitzenstein S. Wigner Time Delay Induced by a Single Quantum Dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:107401. [PMID: 30932646 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Resonant scattering of weak coherent laser pulses on a single two-level system realized in a semiconductor quantum dot is investigated with respect to a time delay between incoming and scattered light. This type of time delay was predicted by Wigner in 1955 for purely coherent scattering and was confirmed for an atomic system in 2013 [R. Bourgain et al., Opt. Lett. 38, 1963 (2013)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.38.001963]. In the presence of electron-phonon interaction, we observe deviations from Wigner's theory related to incoherent and strongly non-Markovian scattering processes which are hard to quantify via a detuning-independent pure dephasing time. We observe detuning-dependent Wigner delays of up to 530 ps in our experiments which are supported quantitatively by microscopic theory allowing for pure dephasing times of up to 950 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Strauß
- Insitut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Carmele
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Schleibner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Hohn
- Insitut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut,Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut,Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Janik Wolters
- Insitut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Insitut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10263 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Haas J, Schwartz M, Rengstl U, Jetter M, Michler P, Mizaikoff B. Chem/bio sensing with non-classical light and integrated photonics. Analyst 2018; 143:593-605. [PMID: 29260151 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modern quantum technology currently experiences extensive advances in applicability in communications, cryptography, computing, metrology and lithography. Harnessing this technology platform for chem/bio sensing scenarios is an appealing opportunity enabling ultra-sensitive detection schemes. This is further facilliated by the progress in fabrication, miniaturization and integration of visible and infrared quantum photonics. Especially, the combination of efficient single-photon sources together with waveguiding/sensing structures, serving as active optical transducer, as well as advanced detector materials is promising integrated quantum photonic chem/bio sensors. Besides the intrinsic molecular selectivity and non-destructive character of visible and infrared light based sensing schemes, chem/bio sensors taking advantage of non-classical light sources promise sensitivities beyond the standard quantum limit. In the present review, recent achievements towards on-chip chem/bio quantum photonic sensing platforms based on N00N states are discussed along with appropriate recognition chemistries, facilitating the detection of relevant (bio)analytes at ultra-trace concentration levels. After evaluating recent developments in this field, a perspective for a potentially promising sensor testbed is discussed for reaching integrated quantum sensing with two fiber-coupled GaAs chips together with semiconductor quantum dots serving as single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haas
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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12
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Abstract
Plasmonic biosensing has been used for fast, real-time, and label-free probing of biologically relevant analytes, where the main challenges are to detect small molecules at ultralow concentrations and produce compact devices for point-of-care (PoC) analysis. This review discusses the most recent, or even emerging, trends in plasmonic biosensing, with novel platforms which exploit unique physicochemical properties and versatility of new materials. In addition to the well-established use of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), three major areas have been identified in these new trends: chiral plasmonics, magnetoplasmonics, and quantum plasmonics. In describing the recent advances, emphasis is placed on the design and manufacture of portable devices working with low loss in different frequency ranges, from the infrared to the visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Mejía-Salazar
- National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel) , 37540-000 , Santa Rita do Sapucaí , MG , Brazil.,São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , CP 369, 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , CP 369, 13560-970 , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
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13
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Liu F, Brash AJ, O'Hara J, Martins LMPP, Phillips CL, Coles RJ, Royall B, Clarke E, Bentham C, Prtljaga N, Itskevich IE, Wilson LR, Skolnick MS, Fox AM. High Purcell factor generation of indistinguishable on-chip single photons. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:835-840. [PMID: 30013218 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On-chip single-photon sources are key components for integrated photonic quantum technologies. Semiconductor quantum dots can exhibit near-ideal single-photon emission, but this can be significantly degraded in on-chip geometries owing to nearby etched surfaces. A long-proposed solution to improve the indistinguishablility is to use the Purcell effect to reduce the radiative lifetime. However, until now only modest Purcell enhancements have been observed. Here we use pulsed resonant excitation to eliminate slow relaxation paths, revealing a highly Purcell-shortened radiative lifetime (22.7 ps) in a waveguide-coupled quantum dot-photonic crystal cavity system. This leads to near-lifetime-limited single-photon emission that retains high indistinguishablility (93.9%) on a timescale in which 20 photons may be emitted. Nearly background-free pulsed resonance fluorescence is achieved under π-pulse excitation, enabling demonstration of an on-chip, on-demand single-photon source with very high potential repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- JARA-Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alistair J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - John O'Hara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luis M P P Martins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Rikki J Coles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Benjamin Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Nikola Prtljaga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Gooch & Housego (Torquay), Torquay, UK
| | - Igor E Itskevich
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Luke R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Mark Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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14
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Tighineanu P, Dreeßen CL, Flindt C, Lodahl P, Sørensen AS. Phonon Decoherence of Quantum Dots in Photonic Structures: Broadening of the Zero-Phonon Line and the Role of Dimensionality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:257401. [PMID: 29979077 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.257401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We develop a general microscopic theory describing the phonon decoherence of quantum dots and indistinguishability of the emitted photons in photonic structures. The coherence is found to depend fundamentally on the dimensionality of the structure resulting in vastly different performance for quantum dots embedded in a nanocavity (0D), waveguide (1D), slab (2D), or bulk medium (3D). In bulk, we find a striking temperature dependence of the dephasing rate scaling as T^{11} implying that phonons are effectively "frozen out" for T≲4 K. The phonon density of states is strongly modified in 1D and 2D structures leading to a linear temperature scaling for the dephasing strength. The resulting impact on the photon indistinguishability can be important even at sub-Kelvin temperatures. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental limits to photon indistinguishability in photonic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tighineanu
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C L Dreeßen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Flindt
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - P Lodahl
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A S Sørensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Dey S, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Jenkins JA, Kriz D, Suib SL, Chen O, Zou S, Zhao J. Excitation wavelength dependent photon anti-bunching/bunching from single quantum dots near gold nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1038-1046. [PMID: 29265148 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05299e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to investigate the change in photon emission statistics of single CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) on dielectric modified gold nanoparticle (NP) substrates as a function of the excitation wavelength. Photons emitted from single QDs are typically "anti-bunched" and are independent of the excitation wavelength. However, when QDs are coupled to plasmonic substrates, even at the low excitation power regime, we observed a significant change in photoluminescence emission behavior of single QDs; i.e. the emission transformed from incomplete photon anti-bunched to bunched when the excitation was changed from "off" to "on" plasmon resonance. Theoretical studies based on electrodynamics modeling suggested that for the QD-Au NP system, the quantum yield of single excitons decreases while that of biexcitons increases. In addition, when excited at the "on" resonance condition, the absorption is highly enhanced, resulting in an increased population of higher order excitons of the QDs. The higher order exciton emission was directly observed as an additional peak appeared at the blue side of the exciton peak of single QDs. The combined effect of the change in quantum yield and the increase in the absorption cross-section switches the photons emitted by single QDs from anti-bunched to bunched. These results provided direct evidence that not only the plasmonic nanostructures but also the excitation wavelength can effectively control the photon emission statistics of single QDs in the hybrid metal-semiconductor system. Manipulating the multiexciton-plasmon interaction in a hybrid complex like this could possibly open up new doors for applications such as entangled photon pair generation and plasmon-enhanced optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayandipta Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
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16
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Reindl M, Jöns KD, Huber D, Schimpf C, Huo Y, Zwiller V, Rastelli A, Trotta R. Phonon-Assisted Two-Photon Interference from Remote Quantum Emitters. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4090-4095. [PMID: 28557459 PMCID: PMC5512156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photonic quantum technologies are on the verge of finding applications in everyday life with quantum cryptography and quantum simulators on the horizon. Extensive research has been carried out to identify suitable quantum emitters and single epitaxial quantum dots have emerged as near-optimal sources of bright, on-demand, highly indistinguishable single photons and entangled photon-pairs. In order to build up quantum networks, it is essential to interface remote quantum emitters. However, this is still an outstanding challenge, as the quantum states of dissimilar "artificial atoms" have to be prepared on-demand with high fidelity and the generated photons have to be made indistinguishable in all possible degrees of freedom. Here, we overcome this major obstacle and show an unprecedented two-photon interference (visibility of 51 ± 5%) from remote strain-tunable GaAs quantum dots emitting on-demand photon-pairs. We achieve this result by exploiting for the first time the full potential of a novel phonon-assisted two-photon excitation scheme, which allows for the generation of highly indistinguishable (visibility of 71 ± 9%) entangled photon-pairs (fidelity of 90 ± 2%), enables push-button biexciton state preparation (fidelity of 80 ± 2%) and outperforms conventional resonant two-photon excitation schemes in terms of robustness against environmental decoherence. Our results mark an important milestone for the practical realization of quantum repeaters and complex multiphoton entanglement experiments involving dissimilar artificial atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor
and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler
University, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Klaus D. Jöns
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Daniel Huber
- Institute of Semiconductor
and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler
University, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Christian Schimpf
- Institute of Semiconductor
and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler
University, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Yongheng Huo
- Institute of Semiconductor
and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler
University, Linz 4040, Austria
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department
of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor
and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler
University, Linz 4040, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Linz Institute of Technology, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Institute of Semiconductor
and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler
University, Linz 4040, Austria
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17
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Orieux A, Versteegh MAM, Jöns KD, Ducci S. Semiconductor devices for entangled photon pair generation: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:076001. [PMID: 28346219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is one of the most fascinating properties of quantum mechanical systems; when two particles are entangled the measurement of the properties of one of the two allows the properties of the other to be instantaneously known, whatever the distance separating them. In parallel with fundamental research on the foundations of quantum mechanics performed on complex experimental set-ups, we assist today with bourgeoning of quantum information technologies bound to exploit entanglement for a large variety of applications such as secure communications, metrology and computation. Among the different physical systems under investigation, those involving photonic components are likely to play a central role and in this context semiconductor materials exhibit a huge potential in terms of integration of several quantum components in miniature chips. In this article we review the recent progress in the development of semiconductor devices emitting entangled photons. We will present the physical processes allowing the generation of entanglement and the tools to characterize it; we will give an overview of major recent results of the last few years and highlight perspectives for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Orieux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. IRIF UMR 8243, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
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18
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Müller M, Vural H, Schneider C, Rastelli A, Schmidt OG, Höfling S, Michler P. Quantum-Dot Single-Photon Sources for Entanglement Enhanced Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:257402. [PMID: 28696738 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.257402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton entangled states such as "N00N states" have attracted a lot of attention because of their possible application in high-precision, quantum enhanced phase determination. So far, N00N states have been generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes and by mixing quantum and classical light on a beam splitter. Here, in contrast, we demonstrate superresolving phase measurements based on two-photon N00N states generated by quantum dot single-photon sources making use of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect on a beam splitter. By means of pulsed resonance fluorescence of a charged exciton state, we achieve, in postselection, a quantum enhanced improvement of the precision in phase uncertainty, higher than prescribed by the standard quantum limit. An analytical description of the measurement scheme is provided, reflecting requirements, capability, and restraints of single-photon emitters in optical quantum metrology. Our results point toward the realization of a real-world quantum sensor in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Müller
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Vural
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - O G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews KY 16 9SS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - P Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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Chrapkiewicz R, Dąbrowski M, Wasilewski W. High-Capacity Angularly Multiplexed Holographic Memory Operating at the Single-Photon Level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:063603. [PMID: 28234520 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.063603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate an angularly multiplexed holographic memory capable of intrinsic generation, storage, and retrieval of multiple photons, based on an off-resonant Raman interaction in warm rubidium-87 vapors. The memory capacity of up to 60 independent atomic spin-wave modes is evidenced by analyzing angular distributions of coincidences between Stokes and time-delayed anti-Stokes light, observed down to the level of single spin-wave excitation during the several-microsecond memory lifetime. We also propose how to practically enhance rates of single- and multiple-photon generation by combining our multimode emissive memory with existing fast optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Chrapkiewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wasilewski
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Lagoudakis KG, Fischer KA, Sarmiento T, McMahon PL, Radulaski M, Zhang JL, Kelaita Y, Dory C, Müller K, Vučković J. Observation of Mollow Triplets with Tunable Interactions in Double Lambda Systems of Individual Hole Spins. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:013602. [PMID: 28106434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.013602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although individual spins in quantum dots have been studied extensively as qubits, their investigation under strong resonant driving in the scope of accessing Mollow physics is still an open question. Here, we have grown high quality positively charged quantum dots embedded in a planar microcavity that enable enhanced light-matter interactions. Under a strong magnetic field in the Voigt configuration, individual positively charged quantum dots provide a double lambda level structure. Using a combination of above-band and resonant excitation, we observe the formation of Mollow triplets on all optical transitions. We find that when the strong resonant drive power is used to tune the Mollow-triplet lines through each other, we observe anticrossings. We also demonstrate that the interaction that gives rise to the anticrossings can be controlled in strength by tuning the polarization of the resonant laser drive. Quantum-optical modeling of our system fully captures the experimentally observed spectra and provides insight on the complicated level structure that results from the strong driving of the double lambda system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Lagoudakis
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K A Fischer
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T Sarmiento
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P L McMahon
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Radulaski
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J L Zhang
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Kelaita
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Dory
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K Müller
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Vučković
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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