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Wan L, Cheng T, Fan W, Shi Y, Zhang H, Zhang S, Yu L, Dai Y, Yang S. Spatial information extraction of fishing grounds for light purse seine vessels in the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on AIS data. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28953. [PMID: 38596129 PMCID: PMC11002659 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecological fishery management requires high-precision fishery information to support resource management and marine spatial planning. In this paper, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) was adopted to extract the spatial information on the fishing grounds of light purse seine vessels in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The spatial distributions of fishing grounds mapped by the data mining, kernel density analysis and hotspot analysis methods were compared. The spatial similarity index was applied to determine the spatial consistency between the computed spatial information and fisheries resource information. Finally, the spatial information derived by the best method was used to investigate the characteristics of fishing activity. The results showed that: the speed of light purse seine vessels related to operations was lower than 1.6 knots. The spatial information extracted by the three methods was consistent with the catch data distribution, and the spatial similarity between the fishing effort and catch data was the highest. The spatial variation in fishing activity was similar to that in the chub mackerel migration route. AIS data could be used to provide high-resolution fishery information. Light purse seine fishing vessels typically operate and travel along the exclusive economic zone boundary, and increased attention must be given to fishing vessel operation supervision. A comprehensive supervision system can be employed to monitor the operations of fishing vessels more effectively. The results of this study can provide technical support for the management of fishing activities and conservation of marine resources in this region using AIS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wan
- School of Navigation and Naval Architecture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Tianfei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- Key and Open Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Technology in Fishing Resource, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- Key and Open Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Technology in Fishing Resource, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yongchuang Shi
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- Key and Open Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Technology in Fishing Resource, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- Key and Open Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Technology in Fishing Resource, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Shengmao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- Key and Open Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Technology in Fishing Resource, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Linlin Yu
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- College of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- Key and Open Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Technology in Fishing Resource, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
- Key and Open Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Technology in Fishing Resource, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
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Welch H, Clavelle T, White TD, Cimino MA, Kroodsma D, Hazen EL. Unseen overlap between fishing vessels and top predators in the northeast Pacific. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl5528. [PMID: 38446890 PMCID: PMC10917345 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Accurate assessments of human-wildlife risk associated with industrial fishing are critical for the conservation of marine top predators. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data provide a means of mapping fishing and estimating human-wildlife risk; however, risk can be obscured by gaps in the AIS record due to technical issues and intentional disabling. We assessed the extent to which unseen fishing vessel activity due to AIS gaps obscured estimates of overlap between fishing vessel activity and 14 marine predators including sharks, tunas, mammals, seabirds, and critically endangered leatherback turtles. Among vessels equipped with AIS in the northeast Pacific, up to 24% of total predator overlap with fishing vessel activity was unseen, and up to 36% was unseen for some individual species. Waters near 10°N had high unseen overlap with sharks yet low reported shark catch, revealing potential discrepancies in self-reported datasets. Accounting for unseen fishing vessel activity illuminates hidden human-wildlife risk, demonstrating challenges and solutions for transparent and sustainable marine fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Welch
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Megan A. Cimino
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA
| | | | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
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3
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Barbour N, Shillinger GL, Gurarie E, Hoover AL, Gaspar P, Temple-Boyer J, Candela T, Fagan WF, Bailey H. Incorporating multidimensional behavior into a risk management tool for a critically endangered and migratory species. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14114. [PMID: 37204012 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of migratory species exhibiting wide-ranging and multidimensional behaviors is challenged by management efforts that only utilize horizontal movements or produce static spatial-temporal products. For the deep-diving, critically endangered eastern Pacific leatherback turtle, tools that predict where turtles have high risks of fisheries interactions are urgently needed to prevent further population decline. We incorporated horizontal-vertical movement model results with spatial-temporal kernel density estimates and threat data (gear-specific fishing) to develop monthly maps of spatial risk. Specifically, we applied multistate hidden Markov models to a biotelemetry data set (n = 28 leatherback tracks, 2004-2007). Tracks with dive information were used to characterize turtle behavior as belonging to 1 of 3 states (transiting, residential with mixed diving, and residential with deep diving). Recent fishing effort data from Global Fishing Watch were integrated with predicted behaviors and monthly space-use estimates to create maps of relative risk of turtle-fisheries interactions. Drifting (pelagic) longline fishing gear had the highest average monthly fishing effort in the study region, and risk indices showed this gear to also have the greatest potential for high-risk interactions with turtles in a residential, deep-diving behavioral state. Monthly relative risk surfaces for all gears and behaviors were added to South Pacific TurtleWatch (SPTW) (https://www.upwell.org/sptw), a dynamic management tool for this leatherback population. These modifications will refine SPTW's capability to provide important predictions of potential high-risk bycatch areas for turtles undertaking specific behaviors. Our results demonstrate how multidimensional movement data, spatial-temporal density estimates, and threat data can be used to create a unique conservation tool. These methods serve as a framework for incorporating behavior into similar tools for other aquatic, aerial, and terrestrial taxa with multidimensional movement behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Barbour
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Upwell, Monterey, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Biology, SUNY College of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - George L Shillinger
- Upwell, Monterey, California, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
- MigraMar, Bodega Bay, California, USA
| | - Eliezer Gurarie
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Biology, SUNY College of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tony Candela
- Upwell, Monterey, California, USA
- Mercator Ocean International, Toulouse, France
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, USA
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Shea BD, Gallagher AJ, Bomgardner LK, Ferretti F. Quantifying longline bycatch mortality for pelagic sharks in western Pacific shark sanctuaries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3527. [PMID: 37585534 PMCID: PMC10431710 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas are increasingly touted for their role in conserving large marine predators such as sharks, but their efficacy is debated. Seventeen "shark sanctuaries" have been established globally, but longline fishing continues within many such jurisdictions, leading to unknown levels of bycatch mortality levels. Using public data from Global Fishing Watch and Regional Fisheries Management Organizations, we quantified longline fishing within eight shark sanctuaries and estimated pelagic shark catch and mortality for seven pelagic shark species. Sanctuary mortality ranged from 600 individuals (Samoa) to 36,256 individuals (Federated States of Micronesia), equivalent to ~5% of hypothesized sustainable levels for blue sharks to ~40% for silky sharks, with high mortality levels in the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Marshall Islands. Unsustainable mortality rates were exceeded for silky sharks in two sanctuaries, highlighting a need for additional stock assessments and implementation of bycatch reduction measures. Big data integration workflows represent a transformative tool in fisheries management, particularly for data-poor species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D. Shea
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Beneath the Waves, Herndon, VA, USA
| | - Austin J. Gallagher
- Beneath the Waves, Herndon, VA, USA
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | | | - Francesco Ferretti
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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5
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Welch H, Clavelle T, White TD, Cimino MA, Van Osdel J, Hochberg T, Kroodsma D, Hazen EL. Hot spots of unseen fishing vessels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2109. [PMID: 36322660 PMCID: PMC9629714 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing incurs an annual cost of up to US$25 billion in economic losses, results in substantial losses of aquatic life, and has been linked to human rights violations. Vessel tracking data from the automatic identification system (AIS) are powerful tools for combating IUU, yet AIS transponders can be disabled, reducing its efficacy as a surveillance tool. We present a global dataset of AIS disabling in commercial fisheries, which obscures up to 6% (>4.9 M hours) of vessel activity. Disabling hot spots were located near the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of Argentina and West African nations and in the Northwest Pacific, all regions of IUU concern. Disabling was highest near transshipment hot spots and near EEZ boundaries, particularly contested ones. We also found links between disabling and location hiding from competitors and pirates. These inferences on where and why activities are obscured provide valuable information to improve fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Welch
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA 95064
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, USA 93940
| | | | | | - Megan A. Cimino
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA 95064
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, USA 93940
| | | | | | | | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA 95064
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, USA 93940
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
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6
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Tassetti AN, Galdelli A, Pulcinella J, Mancini A, Bolognini L. Addressing Gaps in Small-Scale Fisheries: A Low-Cost Tracking System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:839. [PMID: 35161586 PMCID: PMC8839369 DOI: 10.3390/s22030839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade vessel-position-recording devices, such as the Vessel Monitoring System and the Automatic Identification System, have increasingly given accurate spatial and quantitative information of industrial fisheries. On the other hand, small-scale fisheries (vessels below 12 m) remain untracked and largely unregulated even though they play an important socio-economic and cultural role in European waters and coastal communities and account for most of the total EU fishing fleet. The typically low-technological capacity of these small-scale fishing boats-for which space and power onboard are often limited-as well their reduced operative range encourage the development of efficient, low-cost, and low-burden tracking solutions. In this context, we designed a cost-effective and scalable prototypic architecture to gather and process positional data from small-scale vessels, making use of a LoRaWAN/cellular network. Data collected by our first installation are presented, as well as its preliminary processing. The emergence of a such low-cost and open-source technology coupled to artificial intelligence could open new opportunities for equipping small-scale vessels, collecting their trajectory data, and estimating their fishing effort (information which has historically not been present). It enables a new monitoring strategy that could effectively include small-scale fleets and support the design of new policies oriented to inform coastal resource and fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nora Tassetti
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), National Research Council, 60125 Ancona, Italy; (A.N.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Alessandro Galdelli
- VRAI Lab, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Jacopo Pulcinella
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), National Research Council, 60125 Ancona, Italy; (A.N.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Adriano Mancini
- VRAI Lab, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Luca Bolognini
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), National Research Council, 60125 Ancona, Italy; (A.N.T.); (L.B.)
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7
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Madigan DJ, Arnoldi NS, Hussey NE, Carlisle AB. An illicit artisanal fishery for North Pacific white sharks indicates frequent occurrence and high mortality in the Gulf of California. Conserv Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Madigan
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada
- Department of Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Nigel E. Hussey
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Aaron B. Carlisle
- School of Marine Science & Policy University of Delaware Lewes Delaware USA
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8
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Beltran RS, Kendall-Bar JM, Pirotta E, Adachi T, Naito Y, Takahashi A, Cremers J, Robinson PW, Crocker DE, Costa DP. Lightscapes of fear: How mesopredators balance starvation and predation in the open ocean. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/12/eabd9818. [PMID: 33731347 PMCID: PMC7968837 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Like landscapes of fear, animals are hypothesized to strategically use lightscapes based on intrinsic motivations. However, longitudinal evidence of state-dependent risk aversion has been difficult to obtain in wild animals. Using high-resolution biologgers, we continuously measured body condition, time partitioning, three-dimensional movement, and risk exposure of 71 elephant seals throughout their 7-month foraging migrations (N = 16,000 seal days). As body condition improved from 21 to 32% fat and daylength declined from 16 to 10 hours, seals rested progressively earlier with respect to sunrise, sacrificing valuable nocturnal foraging hours to rest in the safety of darkness. Seals in superior body condition prioritized safety over energy conservation by resting >100 meters deeper where it was 300× darker. Together, these results provide empirical evidence that marine mammals actively use the three-dimensional lightscape to optimize risk-reward trade-offs based on ecological and physiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Jessica M Kendall-Bar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Enrico Pirotta
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Taiki Adachi
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - Yasuhiko Naito
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jolien Cremers
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick W Robinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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9
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Beal M, Dias MP, Phillips RA, Oppel S, Hazin C, Pearmain EJ, Adams J, Anderson DJ, Antolos M, Arata JA, Arcos JM, Arnould JPY, Awkerman J, Bell E, Bell M, Carey M, Carle R, Clay TA, Cleeland J, Colodro V, Conners M, Cruz-Flores M, Cuthbert R, Delord K, Deppe L, Dilley BJ, Dinis H, Elliott G, De Felipe F, Felis J, Forero MG, Freeman A, Fukuda A, González-Solís J, Granadeiro JP, Hedd A, Hodum P, Igual JM, Jaeger A, Landers TJ, Le Corre M, Makhado A, Metzger B, Militão T, Montevecchi WA, Morera-Pujol V, Navarro-Herrero L, Nel D, Nicholls D, Oro D, Ouni R, Ozaki K, Quintana F, Ramos R, Reid T, Reyes-González JM, Robertson C, Robertson G, Romdhane MS, Ryan PG, Sagar P, Sato F, Schoombie S, Scofield RP, Shaffer SA, Shah NJ, Stevens KL, Surman C, Suryan RM, Takahashi A, Tatayah V, Taylor G, Thompson DR, Torres L, Walker K, Wanless R, Waugh SM, Weimerskirch H, Yamamoto T, Zajkova Z, Zango L, Catry P. Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/10/eabd7225. [PMID: 33658194 PMCID: PMC7929510 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Migratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beal
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal.
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Maria P Dias
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Carolina Hazin
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Pearmain
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Josh Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station, 2885 Mission St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - David J Anderson
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
| | - Michelle Antolos
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Javier A Arata
- Independent researcher, 204-100 Coe Hill Dr, Toronto, ON M6S 3E1, Canada
| | - José Manuel Arcos
- SEO/BirdLife, Marine Programme, C/Murcia 2-8, local 13, 08026 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John P Y Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Jill Awkerman
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bell
- Wildlife Management International Limited, P.O. Box 607, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
| | - Mike Bell
- Wildlife Management International Limited, P.O. Box 607, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
| | - Mark Carey
- Department of Environmental Management and Ecology, La Trobe University Albury-Wodonga Campus, Wodonga, VIC 3689, Australia
| | - Ryan Carle
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Yerbas Buenas 498, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Thomas A Clay
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jaimie Cleeland
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Melinda Conners
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Marta Cruz-Flores
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- World Land Trust, Blyth House, Bridge Street, Halesworth, Suffolk IP19 8AB, UK
| | - Karine Delord
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Lorna Deppe
- The Hutton's Shearwater Charitable Trust, 100 Watsons Road, Blenheim 7273, New Zealand
| | - Ben J Dilley
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Graeme Elliott
- Department of Conservation, Private Bag 5, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Fernanda De Felipe
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jonathan Felis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station, 2885 Mission St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Manuela G Forero
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), Avenida de Américo Vespucio, 26 Isla de la Cartuja 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amanda Freeman
- Nature North, P.O. Box 1536, Atherton, QLD 4883, Australia
| | - Akira Fukuda
- Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José Pedro Granadeiro
- CESAM, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Ernesto Vasconcelos, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - April Hedd
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Research Division, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, NL A1N 4T3, Canada
| | - Peter Hodum
- Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Yerbas Buenas 498, Valparaíso, Chile
- Biology Department, University of Puget Sound, 1500 N. Warner St., Tacoma, WA 98416, USA
| | - José Manuel Igual
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marques 21, 07190 Esporles, Balears, Spain
| | - Audrey Jaeger
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie) Université de La Réunion, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS92003, 97744 Saint Denis messag cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Todd J Landers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Auckland Museum, The Domain, Parnell, Auckland 1052, New Zealand
- Auckland Council, Private Bag 92300, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Matthieu Le Corre
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie) Université de La Réunion, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS92003, 97744 Saint Denis messag cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Azwianewi Makhado
- Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Metzger
- BirdLife Malta, 57/28 Marina Court, Abate Rigord Street, Ta' Xbiex, XBX 1120, Malta
| | - Teresa Militão
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Virginia Morera-Pujol
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Leia Navarro-Herrero
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Deon Nel
- WWF-Netherlands, Driebergseweg 10, 3708 JB Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - David Nicholls
- Chisholm Institute, Bonbeach Campus, Breeze Street, Carmm, VIC 3197, Australia
| | - Daniel Oro
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes CEAB (CSIC), Acces Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Spain
| | - Ridha Ouni
- Tunisian Wildlife Conservation Society. Faculté des Sciences Mathématique, physique et biologiques de Tunis (FST), Campus Universitaire, El Manar, CP 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kiyoaki Ozaki
- Division of Avian Conservation, Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, 115 Konoyama, Abiko, Chiba 270-11, Japan
| | - Flavio Quintana
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Bv. Almte Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Raül Ramos
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Tim Reid
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization, CSIRO, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - José Manuel Reyes-González
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Graham Robertson
- Independent researcher, 9 Roba Court, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Mohamed Salah Romdhane
- Université de Carthage Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Avenue Charles Nicole, 1082 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Paul Sagar
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Fumio Sato
- Division of Avian Conservation, Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, 115 Konoyama, Abiko, Chiba 270-11, Japan
| | - Stefan Schoombie
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - R Paul Scofield
- Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8053, New Zealand
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Nirmal Jivan Shah
- Nature Seychelles Centre for Environment and Education, Sanctuary at Roche Caiman, Mahe, Seychelles
| | - Kim L Stevens
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Robert M Suryan
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Akinori Takahashi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Vikash Tatayah
- Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Graeme Taylor
- Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand
| | - David R Thompson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Leigh Torres
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Kath Walker
- Department of Conservation, Private Bag 5, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Ross Wanless
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Susan M Waugh
- Office of the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, 2 The Terrace, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Zuzana Zajkova
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Laura Zango
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Rodríguez JP, Fernández-Gracia J, Duarte CM, Irigoien X, Eguíluz VM. The global network of ports supporting high seas fishing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/9/eabe3470. [PMID: 33637531 PMCID: PMC7909883 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fisheries in waters beyond national jurisdiction ("high seas") are difficult to monitor and manage. Their regulation for sustainability requires critical information on how fishing effort is distributed across fishing and landing areas, including possible border effects at the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) limits. We infer the global network linking harbors supporting fishing vessels to fishing areas in high seas from automatic identification system tracking data in 2014, observing a modular structure, with vessels departing from a given harbor fishing mostly in a single province. The top 16% of these harbors support 84% of fishing effort in high seas, with harbors in low- and middle-income countries ranked among the top supporters. Fishing effort concentrates along narrow strips attached to the boundaries of EEZs with productive fisheries, identifying a free-riding behavior that jeopardizes efforts by nations to sustainably manage their fisheries, perpetuating the tragedy of the commons affecting global fishery resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge P Rodríguez
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Gracia
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xabier Irigoien
- AZTI Marine Research, Pasaia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Víctor M Eguíluz
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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11
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Micarelli P, Bonsignori D, Compagno LJV, Pacifico A, Romano C, Reinero FR. Analysis of sightings of white sharks in Gansbaai (South Africa). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1892216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Micarelli
- Sharks Studies Center – Scientific Institute, Massa Marittima, Italy
| | - D. Bonsignori
- Sharks Studies Center – Scientific Institute, Massa Marittima, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della vita e ambiente, Politecnico delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - L. J. V. Compagno
- Sharks Studies Center – Scientific Institute, Massa Marittima, Italy
| | - A. Pacifico
- Department of Political Science and CEFOP-LUISS, LUISS Guido Carli University, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Romano
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - F. R. Reinero
- Sharks Studies Center – Scientific Institute, Massa Marittima, Italy
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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12
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Jorgensen SJ, Micheli F, White TD, Van Houtan KS, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Andrzejaczek S, Arnoldi NS, Baum JK, Block B, Britten GL, Butner C, Caballero S, Cardeñosa D, Chapple TK, Clarke S, Cortés E, Dulvy NK, Fowler S, Gallagher AJ, Gilman E, Godley BJ, Graham RT, Hammerschlag N, Harry AV, Heithaus M, Hutchinson M, Huveneers C, Lowe CG, Lucifora LO, MacKeracher T, Mangel JC, Barbosa Martins AP, McCauley DJ, McClenachan L, Mull C, Natanson LJ, Pauly D, Pazmiño DA, Pistevos JCA, Queiroz N, Roff G, Shea BD, Simpfendorfer CA, Sims DW, Ward-Paige C, Worm B, Ferretti F. Emergent research and priorities for shark and ray conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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White TD, Ong T, Ferretti F, Block BA, McCauley DJ, Micheli F, De Leo GA. Tracking the response of industrial fishing fleets to large marine protected areas in the Pacific Ocean. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:1571-1578. [PMID: 33031635 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large marine protected areas (MPAs) of unprecedented size have recently been established across the global oceans, yet their ability to meet conservation objectives is debated. Key areas of debate include uncertainty over nations' abilities to enforce fishing bans across vast, remote regions and the intensity of human impacts before and after MPA implementation. We used a recently developed vessel tracking data set (produced using Automatic Identification System detections) to quantify the response of industrial fishing fleets to 5 of the largest MPAs established in the Pacific Ocean since 2013. After their implementation, all 5 MPAs successfully kept industrial fishing effort exceptionally low. Detected fishing effort was already low in 4 of the 5 large MPAs prior to MPA implementation, particularly relative to nearby regions that did not receive formal protection. Our results suggest that these large MPAs may present major conservation opportunities in relatively intact ecosystems with low immediate impact to industrial fisheries, but the large MPAs we considered often did not significantly reduce fishing effort because baseline fishing was typically low. It is yet to be determined how large MPAs may shape global ocean conservation in the future if the footprint of human influence continues to expand. Continued improvement in understanding of how large MPAs interact with industrial fisheries is a crucial step toward defining their role in global ocean management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D White
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, U.S.A
| | - Tiffany Ong
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, U.S.A
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, U.S.A
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
| | - Barbara A Block
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, U.S.A
| | - Douglas J McCauley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.A
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.A
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, U.S.A
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Pacific Grove, CA, U.S.A
| | - Giulio A De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, U.S.A
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14
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Jacoby DMP, Ferretti F, Freeman R, Carlisle AB, Chapple TK, Curnick DJ, Dale JJ, Schallert RJ, Tickler D, Block BA. Shark movement strategies influence poaching risk and can guide enforcement decisions in a large, remote marine protected area. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove CA USA
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - Aaron B. Carlisle
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove CA USA
- School of Marine Science and Policy University of Delaware Lewes DE USA
| | - Taylor K. Chapple
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove CA USA
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Hatfield Marine Science Center Oregon State University Newport OR USA
| | | | | | | | - David Tickler
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove CA USA
- The UWA Oceans InstituteUniversity of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
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15
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Le Boeuf B, Condit R, Reiter J. Lifetime reproductive success of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lifetime reproductive success of individuals in a natural population provides an estimate of Darwinian fitness. We calculated lifetime reproductive success in a colony of female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866)) by monitoring annual breeding throughout life of 7735 female weanlings marked individually at Año Nuevo, California, USA, from 1963 to 2005. Great variation in lifetime reproductive success was evident in three aspects of life history: (1) 75% of the females died before reaching breeding age and produced no pups; (2) nearly half of the survivors bred for only a few years before dying, and young females had low weaning success; (3) less than 1% of the females in the sample were exceptionally successful producing up to 20 pups in life. Many females that bred early, while still growing, had decreased lifespan, low weaning success, and lower lifetime reproductive success than females that postponed first breeding. Exceptional reproductive success was associated with giving birth annually, living long (up to age 23), and weaning large pups that were more likely to survive and breed. We conclude that there is strong selection for increased lifespan and multiparous supermoms that contribute significantly to pup production in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burney Le Boeuf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Long Marine Laboratory, 130 McAllister Way, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
| | - Joanne Reiter
- Institute for Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, 115 McAllister Way, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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Saldaña-Ruiz LE, García-Rodríguez E, Pérez-Jiménez JC, Tovar-Ávila J, Rivera-Téllez E. Biodiversity and conservation of sharks in Pacific Mexico. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2019; 83:11-60. [PMID: 31606068 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mexico is home to a broad biodiversity of shark species, and more than half of the sharks in Mexican waters are distributed in the Mexican Pacific, with over 62 species recorded. This high biodiversity is the result of numerous and diverse marine and coastal environments, including the dynamic Mexican seas, where circulation and spatial variation of oceanic currents is complex, and the seasonal variation of isotherms can be substantial. In the Mexican Pacific we can distinguish some patterns of species distribution, with temperate water and subtropical species found in the northern regions, and tropical conditions and species found in the south. Due to the blending of cold and warm waters, however, we can find a mixture of subtropical and tropical sharks in northern regions seasonally, off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula and in the Gulf of California, and these areas contain the highest shark species richness. In this chapter we described the shark species biodiversity occurring in the Mexican Pacific, review their conservation status in a regional and global context, and summarize the main conservation measures and issues associated with their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Erandi Saldaña-Ruiz
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México.
| | - Emiliano García-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | | | - Javier Tovar-Ávila
- Instituto Nacional de Pesca (INAPESCA), Centro Regional de Investigacion Pesquera (CRIP), La Cruz de Huanacaxtle, Nayarit, México
| | - Emmanuel Rivera-Téllez
- Coordination of Mexican CITES Scientific Authority, National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Mexico City, México
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