1
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Kloet MS, Mukhopadhyay R, Mukherjee R, Misra M, Jeong M, Talavera Ormeño CMP, Moutsiopoulou A, Tjokrodirijo RTN, van Veelen PA, Shin D, Đikić I, Sapmaz A, Kim RQ, van der Heden van Noort GJ. Covalent Probes To Capture Legionella pneumophila Dup Effector Enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39288007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Upon infection of host cells, Legionella pneumophila releases a multitude of effector enzymes into the cell's cytoplasm that hijack a plethora of cellular activities, including the host ubiquitination pathways. Effectors belonging to the SidE-family are involved in noncanonical serine phosphoribosyl ubiquitination of host substrate proteins contributing to the formation of a Legionella-containing vacuole that is crucial in the onset of Legionnaires' disease. This dynamic process is reversed by effectors called Dups that hydrolyze the phosphodiester in the phosphoribosyl ubiquitinated protein. We installed reactive warheads on chemically prepared ribosylated ubiquitin to generate a set of probes targeting these Legionella enzymes. In vitro tests on recombinant DupA revealed that a vinyl sulfonate warhead was most efficient in covalent complex formation. Mutagenesis and X-ray crystallography approaches were used to identify the site of covalent cross-linking to be an allosteric cysteine residue. The subsequent application of this probe highlights the potential to selectively enrich the Dup enzymes from Legionella-infected cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max S Kloet
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rishov Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rukmini Mukherjee
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mohit Misra
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Minwoo Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cami M P Talavera Ormeño
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angeliki Moutsiopoulou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rayman T N Tjokrodirijo
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Donghyuk Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ivan Đikić
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aysegul Sapmaz
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Q Kim
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Zhu K, Chatrin C, Suskiewicz MJ, Aucagne V, Foster B, Kessler BM, Gibbs-Seymour I, Ahel D, Ahel I. Ubiquitylation of nucleic acids by DELTEX ubiquitin E3 ligase DTX3L. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00235-1. [PMID: 39242775 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of non-proteinaceous ubiquitylation substrates broadened our understanding of this modification beyond conventional protein targets. However, the existence of additional types of substrates remains elusive. Here, we present evidence that nucleic acids can also be directly ubiquitylated via ester bond formation. DTX3L, a member of the DELTEX family E3 ubiquitin ligases, ubiquitylates DNA and RNA in vitro and that this activity is shared with DTX3, but not with the other DELTEX family members DTX1, DTX2 and DTX4. DTX3L shows preference for the 3'-terminal adenosine over other nucleotides. In addition, we demonstrate that ubiquitylation of nucleic acids is reversible by DUBs such as USP2, JOSD1 and SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. Overall, our study proposes reversible ubiquitylation of nucleic acids in vitro and discusses its potential functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Chatrin Chatrin
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Benjamin Foster
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ian Gibbs-Seymour
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Dragana Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Yoshida Y, Takahashi T, Ishii N, Matsuo I, Takahashi S, Inoue H, Endo A, Tsuchiya H, Okada M, Ando C, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Saeki Y, Tanaka K, Suzuki T. Sugar-mediated non-canonical ubiquitination impairs Nrf1/NFE2L1 activation. Mol Cell 2024; 84:3115-3127.e11. [PMID: 39116872 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Proteasome is essential for cell survival, and proteasome inhibition induces proteasomal gene transcription via the activated endoplasmic-reticulum-associated transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 1 (Nrf1/NFE2L1). Nrf1 activation requires proteolytic cleavage by DDI2 and N-glycan removal by NGLY1. We previously showed that Nrf1 ubiquitination by SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF)FBS2/FBXO6, an N-glycan-recognizing E3 ubiquitin ligase, impairs its activation, although the molecular mechanism remained elusive. Here, we show that SCFFBS2 cooperates with the RING-between-RING (RBR)-type E3 ligase ARIH1 to ubiquitinate Nrf1 through oxyester bonds in human cells. Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGASE) generates asparagine-linked N-acetyl glucosamine (N-GlcNAc) residues from N-glycans, and N-GlcNAc residues on Nrf1 served as acceptor sites for SCFFBS2-ARIH1-mediated ubiquitination. We reconstituted the polyubiquitination of N-GlcNAc and serine/threonine residues on glycopeptides and found that the RBR-specific E2 enzyme UBE2L3 is required for the assembly of atypical ubiquitin chains on Nrf1. The atypical ubiquitin chains inhibited DDI2-mediated activation. The present results identify an unconventional ubiquitination pathway that inhibits Nrf1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yoshida
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ishii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Haruka Inoue
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Akinori Endo
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Meari Okada
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Chikara Ando
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saeki
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Division of Protein Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai 4-6-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), 2-26-1, Muraokahigashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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4
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Kelly M, Dietz C, Kasson S, Zhang Y, Holtzman MJ, Kim IK. Deltex family E3 ligases specifically ubiquitinate the terminal ADP-ribose of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 720:150101. [PMID: 38749191 PMCID: PMC11219154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are critical to regulating cellular activities, such as the response to DNA damage and cell death. PARPs catalyze a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) in the form of mono- or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. This type of modification is known to form a ubiquitin-ADP-ribose (Ub-ADPR) conjugate that depends on the actions of Deltex family of E3 ubiquitin ligases (DTXs). In particular, DTXs add ubiquitin to the 3'-OH of adenosine ribose' in ADP-ribose, which effectively sequesters ubiquitin and impedes ubiquitin-dependent signaling. Previous work demonstrates DTX function for ubiquitination of protein-free ADPR, mono-ADP-ribosylated peptides, and ADP-ribosylated nucleic acids. However, the dynamics of DTX-mediated ubiquitination of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation remains to be defined. Here we show that the ADPR ubiquitination function is not found in other PAR-binding E3 ligases and is conserved across DTX family members. Importantly, DTXs specifically target poly(ADP-ribose) chains for ubiquitination that can be cleaved by PARG, the primary eraser of poly(ADP-ribose), leaving the adenosine-terminal ADPR unit conjugated to ubiquitin. Our collective results demonstrate the DTXs' specific ubiquitination of the adenosine terminus of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and suggest the unique Ub-ADPR conjugation process as a basis for PARP-DTX control of cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kelly
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Ct, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Chase Dietz
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Ct, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Samuel Kasson
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Ct, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - In-Kwon Kim
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Ct, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
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5
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Djerir B, Marois I, Dubois JC, Findlay S, Morin T, Senoussi I, Cappadocia L, Orthwein A, Maréchal A. An E3 ubiquitin ligase localization screen uncovers DTX2 as a novel ADP-ribosylation-dependent regulator of DNA double-strand break repair. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107545. [PMID: 38992439 PMCID: PMC11345397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) elicit an elaborate response to signal damage and trigger repair via two major pathways: nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), which functions throughout the interphase, and homologous recombination (HR), restricted to S/G2 phases. The DNA damage response relies, on post-translational modifications of nuclear factors to coordinate the mending of breaks. Ubiquitylation of histones and chromatin-associated factors regulates DSB repair and numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in this process. Despite significant progress, our understanding of ubiquitin-mediated DNA damage response regulation remains incomplete. Here, we have performed a localization screen to identify RING/U-box E3 ligases involved in genome maintenance. Our approach uncovered 7 novel E3 ligases that are recruited to microirradiation stripes, suggesting potential roles in DNA damage signaling and repair. Among these factors, the DELTEX family E3 ligase DTX2 is rapidly mobilized to lesions in a poly ADP-ribosylation-dependent manner. DTX2 is recruited and retained at DSBs via its WWE and DELTEX conserved C-terminal domains. In cells, both domains are required for optimal binding to mono and poly ADP-ribosylated proteins with WWEs playing a prominent role in this process. Supporting its involvement in DSB repair, DTX2 depletion decreases HR efficiency and moderately enhances NHEJ. Furthermore, DTX2 depletion impeded BRCA1 foci formation and increased 53BP1 accumulation at DSBs, suggesting a fine-tuning role for this E3 ligase in repair pathway choice. Finally, DTX2 depletion sensitized cancer cells to X-rays and PARP inhibition and these susceptibilities could be rescued by DTX2 reexpression. Altogether, our work identifies DTX2 as a novel ADP-ribosylation-dependent regulator of HR-mediated DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billel Djerir
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of the Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Marois
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of the Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Dubois
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of the Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven Findlay
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Théo Morin
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of the Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Issam Senoussi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of the Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Cappadocia
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexandre Maréchal
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of the Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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6
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Feijs-Žaja KLH, Ikenga NJ, Žaja R. Pathological and physiological roles of ADP-ribosylation: established functions and new insights. Biol Chem 2024:hsz-2024-0057. [PMID: 39066732 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2024-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of proteins with poly(ADP-ribose) was discovered in the sixties. Since then, we have learned that the enzymes involved, the so-called poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerases (PARPs), are transferases which use cofactor NAD+ to transfer ADP-ribose to their targets. Few PARPs are able to create poly(ADP-ribose), whereas the majority transfers a single ADP-ribose. In the last decade, hydrolases were discovered which reverse mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, detection methods were developed and new substrates were defined, including nucleic acids. Despite the continued effort, relatively little is still known about the biological function of most PARPs. In this review, we summarise key functions of ADP-ribosylation and introduce emerging insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla L H Feijs-Žaja
- 9165 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nonso J Ikenga
- 9165 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roko Žaja
- 9165 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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7
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Münzker L, Kimani SW, Fowkes MM, Dong A, Zheng H, Li Y, Dasovich M, Zak KM, Leung AKL, Elkins JM, Kessler D, Arrowsmith CH, Halabelian L, Böttcher J. A ligand discovery toolbox for the WWE domain family of human E3 ligases. Commun Biol 2024; 7:901. [PMID: 39048679 PMCID: PMC11269756 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The WWE domain is a relatively under-researched domain found in twelve human proteins and characterized by a conserved tryptophan-tryptophan-glutamate (WWE) sequence motif. Six of these WWE domain-containing proteins also contain domains with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The general recognition of poly-ADP-ribosylated substrates by WWE domains suggests a potential avenue for development of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs). Here, we present novel crystal structures of the HUWE1, TRIP12, and DTX1 WWE domains in complex with PAR building blocks and their analogs, thus enabling a comprehensive analysis of the PAR binding site structural diversity. Furthermore, we introduce a versatile toolbox of biophysical and biochemical assays for the discovery and characterization of novel WWE domain binders, including fluorescence polarization-based PAR binding and displacement assays, 15N-NMR-based binding affinity assays and 19F-NMR-based competition assays. Through these assays, we have characterized the binding of monomeric iso-ADP-ribose (iso-ADPr) and its nucleotide analogs with the aforementioned WWE proteins. Finally, we have utilized the assay toolbox to screen a small molecule fragment library leading to the successful discovery of novel ligands targeting the HUWE1 WWE domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Münzker
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Serah W Kimani
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milan M Fowkes
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aiping Dong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong Zheng
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yanjun Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dirk Kessler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jark Böttcher
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Kar P, Chatrin C, Đukić N, Suyari O, Schuller M, Zhu K, Prokhorova E, Bigot N, Baretić D, Ahel J, Elsborg JD, Nielsen ML, Clausen T, Huet S, Niepel M, Sanyal S, Ahel D, Smith R, Ahel I. PARP14 and PARP9/DTX3L regulate interferon-induced ADP-ribosylation. EMBO J 2024; 43:2929-2953. [PMID: 38834853 PMCID: PMC11251020 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PARP-catalysed ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is important in regulating various cellular pathways. Until recently, PARP-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation has been poorly understood due to the lack of sensitive detection methods. Here, we utilised an improved antibody to detect mono-ADP-ribosylation. We visualised endogenous interferon (IFN)-induced ADP-ribosylation and show that PARP14 is a major enzyme responsible for this modification. Fittingly, this signalling is reversed by the macrodomain from SARS-CoV-2 (Mac1), providing a possible mechanism by which Mac1 counteracts the activity of antiviral PARPs. Our data also elucidate a major role of PARP9 and its binding partner, the E3 ubiquitin ligase DTX3L, in regulating PARP14 activity through protein-protein interactions and by the hydrolytic activity of PARP9 macrodomain 1. Finally, we also present the first visualisation of ADPr-dependent ubiquitylation in the IFN response. These approaches should further advance our understanding of IFN-induced ADPr and ubiquitin signalling processes and could shed light on how different pathogens avoid such defence pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Kar
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, 522502, India
| | - Chatrin Chatrin
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Nina Đukić
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Osamu Suyari
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Marion Schuller
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kang Zhu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Evgeniia Prokhorova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Nicolas Bigot
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT - UMS3480, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Domagoj Baretić
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Juraj Ahel
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Damgaard Elsborg
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sébastien Huet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT - UMS3480, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Dragana Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
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9
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Ribeiro VC, Russo LC, Hoch NC. PARP14 is regulated by the PARP9/DTX3L complex and promotes interferon γ-induced ADP-ribosylation. EMBO J 2024; 43:2908-2928. [PMID: 38834852 PMCID: PMC11251048 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein ADP-ribosylation plays important but ill-defined roles in antiviral signalling cascades such as the interferon response. Several viruses of clinical interest, including coronaviruses, express hydrolases that reverse ADP-ribosylation catalysed by host enzymes, suggesting an important role for this modification in host-pathogen interactions. However, which ADP-ribosyltransferases mediate host ADP-ribosylation, what proteins and pathways they target and how these modifications affect viral infection and pathogenesis is currently unclear. Here we show that host ADP-ribosyltransferase activity induced by IFNγ signalling depends on PARP14 catalytic activity and that the PARP9/DTX3L complex is required to uphold PARP14 protein levels via post-translational mechanisms. Both the PARP9/DTX3L complex and PARP14 localise to IFNγ-induced cytoplasmic inclusions containing ADP-ribosylated proteins, and both PARP14 itself and DTX3L are likely targets of PARP14 ADP-ribosylation. We provide evidence that these modifications are hydrolysed by the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3 macrodomain, shedding light on the intricate cross-regulation between IFN-induced ADP-ribosyltransferases and the potential roles of the coronavirus macrodomain in counteracting their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nícolas Carlos Hoch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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10
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Bejan DS, Lacoursiere RE, Pruneda JN, Cohen MS. Discovery of ester-linked ubiquitylation of PARP10 mono-ADP-ribosylation in cells: a dual post-translational modification on Glu/Asp side chains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.600929. [PMID: 38979324 PMCID: PMC11230417 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.600929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The prevailing view on post-translational modifications (PTMs) is that amino acid side chains in proteins are modified with a single PTM at any given time. However, a growing body of work has demonstrated crosstalk between different PTMs, some occurring on the same residue. Such interplay is seen with ADP-ribosylation and ubiquitylation, where specialized E3 ligases ubiquitylate targets for proteasomal degradation in an ADP-ribosylation-dependent manner. More recently, the DELTEX family of E3 ligases was reported to catalyze ubiquitylation of the 3'- hydroxy group of the adenine-proximal ribose of free NAD + and ADP-ribose in vitro , generating a non-canonical ubiquitin ester-linked species. In this report, we show, for the first time, that this dual PTM occurs in cells on mono-ADP-ribosylated (MARylated) PARP10 on Glu/Asp sites to form a MAR ubiquitin ester (MARUbe). We term this process m ono- A DP-ribosyl ub iquit ylation or MARUbylation. Using chemical and enzymatic treatments, including a newly characterized bacterial deubiquitinase with esterase-specific activity, we discovered that PARP10 MARUbylation is extended with K11-linked polyubiquitin chains. Finally, mechanistic studies using proteasomal and ubiquitin-activating enzyme inhibitors demonstrated that PARP10 MARUbylation leads to its proteasomal degradation, providing a functional role for this new PTM in regulating protein turnover.
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11
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Zhang Z, Samsa WE, Gong Z. NUDT16 regulates CtIP PARylation to dictate homologous recombination repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3761-3777. [PMID: 38324469 PMCID: PMC11039996 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CtIP initiates DNA end resection and mediates homologous recombination (HR) repair. However, the underlying mechanisms of CtIP regulation and how the control of its regulation affects DNA repair remain incompletely characterized. In this study, NUDT16 loss decreases CtIP protein levels and impairs CtIP recruitment to double-strand breaks (DSBs). Furthermore, overexpression of a catalytically inactive NUDT16 mutant is unable to rescue decreased CtIP protein and impaired CtIP recruitment to DSBs. In addition, we identified a novel posttranslational modification of CtIP by ADP-ribosylation that is targeted by a PAR-binding E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF146, leading to CtIP ubiquitination and degradation. These data suggest that the hydrolase activity of NUDT16 plays a major role in controlling CtIP protein levels. Notably, ADP-ribosylation of CtIP is required for its interaction with NUDT16, its localization at DSBs, and for HR repair. Interestingly, NUDT16 can also be ADP-ribosylated. The ADP-ribosylated NUDT16 is critical for CtIP protein stability, CtIP recruitment to DSBs, and HR repair in response to DNA damage. In summary, we demonstrate that NUDT16 and its PARylation regulate CtIP stability and CtIP recruitment to DSBs, providing new insights into our understanding of the regulation of CtIP-mediated DNA end resection in the HR repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William E Samsa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zihua Gong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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12
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Urban JM, Bateman JR, Garza KR, Borden J, Jain J, Brown A, Thach BJ, Bliss JE, Gerbi SA. Bradysia (Sciara) coprophila larvae up-regulate DNA repair pathways and down-regulate developmental regulators in response to ionizing radiation. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad208. [PMID: 38066617 PMCID: PMC10917502 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The level of resistance to radiation and the developmental and molecular responses can vary between species, and even between developmental stages of one species. For flies (order: Diptera), prior studies concluded that the fungus gnat Bradysia (Sciara) coprophila (sub-order: Nematocera) is more resistant to irradiation-induced mutations that cause visible phenotypes than the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (sub-order: Brachycera). Therefore, we characterized the effects of and level of resistance to ionizing radiation on B. coprophila throughout its life cycle. Our data show that B. coprophila embryos are highly sensitive to even low doses of gamma-irradiation, whereas late-stage larvae can tolerate up to 80 Gy (compared to 40 Gy for D. melanogaster) and still retain their ability to develop to adulthood, though with a developmental delay. To survey the genes involved in the early transcriptional response to irradiation of B. coprophila larvae, we compared larval RNA-seq profiles with and without radiation treatment. The up-regulated genes were enriched for DNA damage response genes, including those involved in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, whereas the down-regulated genes were enriched for developmental regulators, consistent with the developmental delay of irradiated larvae. Interestingly, members of the PARP and AGO families were highly up-regulated in the B. coprophila radiation response. We compared the transcriptome responses in B. coprophila to the transcriptome responses in D. melanogaster from 3 previous studies: whereas pathway responses are highly conserved, specific gene responses are less so. Our study lays the groundwork for future work on the radiation responses in Diptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Urban
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jack R Bateman
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Kodie R Garza
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Julia Borden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jaison Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alexia Brown
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Bethany J Thach
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Jacob E Bliss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Susan A Gerbi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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13
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Saleh H, Liloglou T, Rigden DJ, Parsons JL, Grundy GJ. KH-like Domains in PARP9/DTX3L and PARP14 Coordinate Protein-Protein Interactions to Promote Cancer Cell Survival. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168434. [PMID: 38182103 PMCID: PMC11080071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Certain members of the ADP-ribosyltransferase superfamily (ARTD or PARP enzymes) catalyse ADP-ribosylation in response to cellular stress, DNA damage and viral infection and are upregulated in various tumours. PARP9, its binding partner DTX3L and PARP14 protein levels are significantly correlated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other tumour types though a mechanism where PARP9/DTX3L regulates PARP14 post-transcriptionally. Depleting PARP9, DTX3L or PARP14 expression in HNSCC or HeLa cell lines decreases cell survival through a reduction of proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. A partial rescue of survival was achieved by expressing a PARP14 truncation containing a predicted eukaryotic type I KH domain. KH-like domains were also found in PARP9 and in DTX3L and contributed to protein-protein interactions between PARP9-DTX3L and PARP14-DTX3L. Homodimerization of DTX3L was also coordinated by a KH-like domain and was disrupted by site-specific mutation. Although, cell survival promoted by PARP14 did not require ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, interaction of DTX3L in vitro suppressed PARP14 auto-ADP-ribosylation and promoted trans-ADP-ribosylation of PARP9 and DTX3L. In summary, we characterised PARP9-DTX3L-PARP14 interactions important to pro-survival signalling in HNSCC cells, albeit in PARP14 catalytically independent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil Saleh
- University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Edge Hill University, Faculty of Health, Social Care & Medicine, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Daniel J Rigden
- University of Liverpool, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jason L Parsons
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, IBR West, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gabrielle J Grundy
- University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
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14
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Zhu K, Suskiewicz MJ, Chatrin C, Strømland Ø, Dorsey B, Aucagne V, Ahel D, Ahel I. DELTEX E3 ligases ubiquitylate ADP-ribosyl modification on nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:801-815. [PMID: 38000390 PMCID: PMC10810221 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ubiquitylation had traditionally been considered limited to proteins, the discovery of non-proteinaceous substrates (e.g. lipopolysaccharides and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPr)) challenged this perspective. Our recent study showed that DTX2 E3 ligase efficiently ubiquitylates ADPr. Here, we show that the ADPr ubiquitylation activity is also present in another DELTEX family member, DTX3L, analysed both as an isolated catalytic fragment and the full-length PARP9:DTX3L complex, suggesting that it is a general feature of the DELTEX family. Since structural predictions show that DTX3L possesses single-stranded nucleic acids binding ability and given the fact that nucleic acids have recently emerged as substrates for ADP-ribosylation, we asked whether DELTEX E3s might catalyse ubiquitylation of an ADPr moiety linked to nucleic acids. Indeed, we show that DTX3L and DTX2 are capable of ubiquitylating ADP-ribosylated DNA and RNA synthesized by PARPs, including PARP14. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Ub-ADPr-nucleic acids conjugate can be reversed by two groups of hydrolases, which remove either the whole adduct (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 or PARP14 macrodomain 1) or just the Ub (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 PLpro). Overall, this study reveals ADPr ubiquitylation as a general function of the DELTEX family E3s and presents the evidence of reversible ubiquitylation of ADP-ribosylated nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Chatrin Chatrin
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Øyvind Strømland
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bryan W Dorsey
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Dr., Suite 300, Cambridge MA 02140, USA
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Dragana Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Brooks DM, Anand S, Cohen MS. Immunomodulatory roles of PARPs: Shaping the tumor microenvironment, one ADP-ribose at a time. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 77:102402. [PMID: 37801755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
PARPs encompass a small yet pervasive group of 17 enzymes that catalyze a post-translational modification known as ADP-ribosylation. PARP1, the founding member, has received considerable focus; however, in recent years, the spotlight has shifted to other members within the PARP family. In this opinion piece, we first discuss surprising findings that some FDA-approved PARP1 inhibitors activate innate immune signaling in cancer cells that harbor mutations in the DNA repair pathway. We then discuss hot-off-the-press genetic and pharmacological studies that reveal roles for PARP7, PARP11, and PARP14 in immune signaling in both tumor cells and tumor-associated immune cells. We conclude with thoughts on tuning PARP1-inhibitor-mediated innate immune activation and explore the unrealized potential for small molecule modulators of other PARP family members as next-generation immuno-oncology drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deja M Brooks
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sudarshan Anand
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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16
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Vela-Rodríguez C, Scarpulla I, Ashok Y, Lehtiö L. Discovery of DTX3L inhibitors through a homogeneous FRET-based assay that monitors formation and removal of poly-ubiquitin chains. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:365-375. [PMID: 37579950 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification in which consequent enzymatic activity results in the covalent linking of ubiquitin to a target protein. Once ubiquitinated, a protein can undergo multiple rounds of ubiquitination on multiple sites or form poly-ubiquitin chains. Ubiquitination regulates various cellular processes, and dysregulation of ubiquitination has been associated with more than one type of cancer. Therefore, efforts have been carried out to identify modulators of the ubiquitination cascade. Herein, we present the development of a FRET-based assay that allows us to monitor ubiquitination activity of DTX3L, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. Our method shows a good signal window with a robust average Z' factor of 0.76 on 384-well microplates, indicating a good assay for screening inhibitors in a high-throughput setting. From a validatory screening experiment, we have identified the first molecules that inhibit DTX3L with potencies in the low micromolar range. We also demonstrate that the method can be expanded to study deubiquitinases, such as USP28, that reduce FRET due to hydrolysis of fluorescent poly-ubiquitin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vela-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilaria Scarpulla
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Yashwanth Ashok
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.
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17
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Perrard J, Smith S. Multiple E3 ligases control tankyrase stability and function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7208. [PMID: 37938264 PMCID: PMC10632493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tankyrase 1 and 2 are ADP-ribosyltransferases that catalyze formation of polyADP-Ribose (PAR) onto themselves and their binding partners. Tankyrase protein levels are regulated by the PAR-binding E3 ligase RNF146, which promotes K48-linked polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of tankyrase and its partners. We identified a novel interaction between tankyrase and a distinct class of E3 ligases: the RING-UIM (Ubiquitin-Interacting Motif) family. We show that RNF114 and RNF166 bind and stabilize monoubiquitylated tankyrase and promote K11-linked diubiquitylation. This action competes with RNF146-mediated degradation, leading to stabilization of tankyrase and its binding partner, Angiomotin, a cancer cell signaling protein. Moreover, we identify multiple PAR-binding E3 ligases that promote ubiquitylation of tankyrase and induce stabilization or degradation. Discovery of K11 ubiquitylation that opposes degradation, along with identification of multiple PAR-binding E3 ligases that ubiquitylate tankyrase, provide insights into mechanisms of tankyrase regulation and may offer additional uses for tankyrase inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Perrard
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Susan Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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18
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Sakamaki JI, Mizushima N. Ubiquitination of non-protein substrates. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:991-1003. [PMID: 37120410 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of ubiquitin is a common regulatory mechanism in various proteins. Although it has long been thought that the substrates of ubiquitination are limited to proteins, recent studies have changed this view: ubiquitin can be conjugated to lipids, sugars, and nucleotides. Ubiquitin is linked to these substrates by the action of different classes of ubiquitin ligases that have distinct catalytic mechanisms. Ubiquitination of non-protein substrates likely serves as a signal for the recruitment of other proteins to bring about specific effects. These discoveries have expanded the concept of ubiquitination and have advanced our insight into the biology and chemistry of this well-established modification process. In this review we describe the molecular mechanisms and roles of non-protein ubiquitination and discuss the current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Sakamaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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19
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Roberts CG, Franklin TG, Pruneda JN. Ubiquitin-targeted bacterial effectors: rule breakers of the ubiquitin system. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114318. [PMID: 37555693 PMCID: PMC10505922 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation through post-translational ubiquitin signaling underlies a large portion of eukaryotic biology. This has not gone unnoticed by invading pathogens, many of which have evolved mechanisms to manipulate or subvert the host ubiquitin system. Bacteria are particularly adept at this and rely heavily upon ubiquitin-targeted virulence factors for invasion and replication. Despite lacking a conventional ubiquitin system of their own, many bacterial ubiquitin regulators loosely follow the structural and mechanistic rules established by eukaryotic ubiquitin machinery. Others completely break these rules and have evolved novel structural folds, exhibit distinct mechanisms of regulation, or catalyze foreign ubiquitin modifications. Studying these interactions can not only reveal important aspects of bacterial pathogenesis but also shed light on unexplored areas of ubiquitin signaling and regulation. In this review, we discuss the methods by which bacteria manipulate host ubiquitin and highlight aspects that follow or break the rules of ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G Roberts
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Tyler G Franklin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Jonathan N Pruneda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
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20
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Ran H, Li C, Zhang M, Zhong J, Wang H. Neglected PTM in Animal Adipogenesis: E3-mediated Ubiquitination. Gene 2023:147574. [PMID: 37336271 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a widespread post-transcriptional modification (PTM) that occurs during protein degradation in eukaryotes and participates in almost all physiological and pathological processes, including animal adipogenesis. Ubiquitination is a cascade reaction regulated by the activating enzyme E1, conjugating enzyme E2, and ligase E3. Several recent studies have reported that E3 ligases play important regulatory roles in adipogenesis. However, as a key influencing factor for the recognition and connection between the substrate and ubiquitin during ubiquitination, its regulatory role in adipogenesis has not received adequate attention. In this review, we summarize the E3s' regulation and modification targets in animal adipogenesis, explain the regulatory mechanisms in lipogenic-related pathways, and further analyze the existing positive results to provide research directions of guiding significance for further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of E3s in animal adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Perrard J, Smith S. Multiple E3 ligases control tankyrase stability and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.31.543093. [PMID: 37398310 PMCID: PMC10312495 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Tankyrase 1 and 2 are ADP-ribosyltransferases that use NAD + as a substrate to catalyze polyADP-Ribose (PAR) onto themselves and their protein binding partners. Tankyrases have diverse cellular functions, ranging from resolution of telomere cohesion to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Robust and specific small molecule tankyrase inhibitors have been developed and are being investigated for cancer therapies. Tankyrase is regulated by the PAR-binding E3 ligase RNF146, which promotes K48-linked polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of PARylated tankyrases and their PARylated partners. We have identified a novel interaction between tankyrase and a distinct class of E3 ligases: the RING-UIM (Ubiquitin-Interacting Motif) family. We show that RING-UIM E3 ligases (specifically RNF114 and RNF166) bind and stabilize monoubiquitylated tankyrase and promote K11-linked diubiquitylation. This action competes with RNF146-mediated K48-linked polyubiquitylation and degradation, leading to stabilization of tankyrase and to a subset of its binding partners, including Angiomotin, a protein that functions in cancer signaling pathways. Moreover, we identify multiple PAR-binding E3 ligases (in addition to RNF146) that promote ubiquitylation of tankyrase and induce stabilization or degradation. Discovery of this novel K11 ubiquitylation of tankyrase that opposes K48-mediated degradation along with identification of multiple PAR-binding E3 ligases that ubiquitylate tankyrase, provide new insights into mechanisms of tankyrase regulation and may offer new uses for tankyrase inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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22
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Yan Q, Ding J, Khan SJ, Lawton LN, Shipp MA. DTX3L E3 ligase targets p53 for degradation at poly ADP-ribose polymerase-associated DNA damage sites. iScience 2023; 26:106444. [PMID: 37096048 PMCID: PMC10122052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 is a master transcriptional regulator and effector of the DNA damage response (DDR) that localizes to DNA damage sites, in part, via an interaction with PARP1. However, the mechanisms that regulate p53 abundance and activity at PARP1-decorated DNA damage sites remain undefined. The PARP9 (BAL1) macrodomain-containing protein and its partner DTX3L (BBAP) E3 ligase are rapidly recruited to PARP1-PARylated DNA damage sites. During an initial DDR, we found that DTX3L rapidly colocalized with p53, polyubiquitylated its lysine-rich C-terminal domain, and targeted p53 for proteasomal degradation. DTX3L knockout significantly increased and prolonged p53 retention at PARP-decorated DNA damage sites. These findings reveal a non-redundant, PARP- and PARylation-dependent role for DTX3L in the spatiotemporal regulation of p53 during an initial DDR. Our studies suggest that targeted inhibition of DTX3L may augment the efficacy of certain DNA-damaging agents by increasing p53 abundance and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyi Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sumbul Jawed Khan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lee N. Lawton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Margaret A. Shipp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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23
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Abstract
Our understanding of the ubiquitin code has greatly evolved from conventional E1, E2 and E3 enzymes that modify Lys residues on specific substrates with a single type of ubiquitin chain to more complex processes that regulate and mediate ubiquitylation. In this Review, we discuss recently discovered endogenous mechanisms and unprecedented pathways by which pathogens rewrite the ubiquitin code to promote infection. These processes include unconventional ubiquitin modifications involving ester linkages with proteins, lipids and sugars, or ubiquitylation through a phosphoribosyl bridge involving Arg42 of ubiquitin. We also introduce the enzymatic pathways that write and reverse these modifications, such as the papain-like proteases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, structural studies have revealed that the ultimate functions of ubiquitin are mediated not simply by straightforward recognition by ubiquitin-binding domains. Instead, elaborate multivalent interactions between ubiquitylated targets or ubiquitin chains and their readers (for example, the proteasome, the MLL1 complex or DOT1L) can elicit conformational changes that regulate protein degradation or transcription. The newly discovered mechanisms provide opportunities for innovative therapeutic interventions for diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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24
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Zhou Z, Shang L, Zhang Q, Hu X, Huang JF, Xiong K. DTX3L induced NLRP3 ubiquitination inhibit R28 cell pyroptosis in OGD/R injury. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119433. [PMID: 36706922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the most common etiologies in many diseases. Retinal I/R leads to cytokine storm, resulting in tissue damage and cell death. Pyroptosis, a novel type of regulated cell death, occurs after cellular I/R injury. In this study, we established an oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD/R) cellular model (R28) to simulate retinal I/R injury. We conducted an LDH assay, and EthD-III and PI staining procedures to confirm pyroptosis. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis were used to identify the possible proteins interacting with NLRP3. Co-IP and various molecular biology techniques were used to investigate the possible modes regulating NLRP3 by DTX3L. EthD-III, PI staining and LDH assays demonstrated pyroptosis induced by OGD/R injury, mediated via NLRP3 pathway. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis screened out three candidate proteins interacting with NLRP3, and further Co-IP experiment indicated that DTX-3L may interact with NLRP3 to regulate its protein levels after injury. Co-IP experiments and various molecular biology methods demonstrated that DTX3L ubiquitinates NLRP3 resulting in pyroptosis after R28 OGD/R injury. Further, NLRP3 LRR and DTX3L RING domains interact with each other. Our study demonstrated that DTX3L may ubiquitinate NLRP3 to regulate OGD/R-induced pyroptosis globally in R28 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Ximin Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
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25
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Mono-ADP-ribosylation by PARP10 inhibits Chikungunya virus nsP2 proteolytic activity and viral replication. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:72. [PMID: 36840772 PMCID: PMC9959937 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Replication of viruses requires interaction with host cell factors and repression of innate immunity. Recent findings suggest that a subset of intracellular mono-ADP-ribosylating PARPs, which are induced by type I interferons, possess antiviral activity. Moreover, certain RNA viruses, including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), encode mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolases. Together, this suggests a role for mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) in host-virus conflicts, but the relevant substrates have not been identified. We addressed which PARP restricts CHIKV replication and identified PARP10 and PARP12. For PARP10, this restriction was dependent on catalytic activity. Replication requires processing of the non-structural polyprotein nsP1-4 by the protease located in nsP2 and the assembly of the four individual nsP1-nsP4 into a functional replication complex. PARP10 and PARP12 inhibited the production of nsP3, indicating a defect in polyprotein processing. The nsP3 protein encodes a macrodomain with de-MARylation activity, which is essential for replication. In support for MARylation affecting polyprotein processing, de-MARylation defective CHIKV replicons revealed reduced production of nsP2 and nsP3. We hypothesized that MARylation regulates the proteolytic function of nsP2. Indeed, we found that nsP2 is MARylated by PARP10 and, as a consequence, its proteolytic activity was inhibited. NsP3-dependent de-MARylation reactivated the protease. Hence, we propose that PARP10-mediated MARylation prevents polyprotein processing and consequently virus replication. Together, our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the role of the viral MAR hydrolase in CHIKV replication.
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26
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Luo H, Todi SV, Paulson HL, Costa MDC. Regional and age-dependent changes in ubiquitination in cellular and mouse models of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526671. [PMID: 36891289 PMCID: PMC9993976 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machadoâ€"Joseph disease, is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia. SCA3 is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene that encodes an expanded tract of polyglutamine (polyQ) in the disease protein ataxin-3 (ATXN3). As a deubiquitinating enzyme, ATXN3 regulates numerous cellular processes including proteasome- and autophagy-mediated protein degradation. In SCA3 disease brain, polyQ-expanded ATXN3 accumulates with other cellular constituents, including ubiquitin (Ub)-modified proteins, in select areas like the cerebellum and the brainstem, but whether pathogenic ATXN3 affects the abundance of ubiquitinated species is unknown. Here, in mouse and cellular models of SCA3, we investigated whether elimination of murine Atxn3 or expression of wild-type or polyQ-expanded human ATXN3 alters soluble levels of overall ubiquitination, as well as K48-linked (K48-Ub) and K63-linked (K63-Ub) chains. Levels of ubiquitination were assessed in the cerebellum and brainstem of 7- and 47-week-old Atxn3 knockout and SCA3 transgenic mice, and also in relevant mouse and human cell lines. In older mice, we observed that wild-type ATXN3 impacts the cerebellar levels of K48-Ub proteins. In contrast, pathogenic ATXN3 leads to decreased brainstem abundance of K48-Ub species in younger mice and changes in both cerebellar and brainstem K63-Ub levels in an age-dependent manner: younger SCA3 mice have higher levels of K63-Ub while older mice have lower levels of K63-Ub compared to controls. Human SCA3 neuronal progenitor cells also show a relative increase in K63-Ub proteins upon autophagy inhibition. We conclude that wild-type and mutant ATXN3 differentially impact K48-Ub- and K63-Ub-modified proteins in the brain in a region- and age-dependent manner.
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27
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Murthy S, Nizi MG, Maksimainen MM, Massari S, Alaviuhkola J, Lippok BE, Vagaggini C, Sowa ST, Galera-Prat A, Ashok Y, Venkannagari H, Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen R, Dreassi E, Lüscher B, Korn P, Tabarrini O, Lehtiö L. [1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4- b]benzothiazole Scaffold as Versatile Nicotinamide Mimic Allowing Nanomolar Inhibition of Different PARP Enzymes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1301-1320. [PMID: 36598465 PMCID: PMC9884089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b]benzothiazole (TBT) as a new inhibitor scaffold, which competes with nicotinamide in the binding pocket of human poly- and mono-ADP-ribosylating enzymes. The binding mode was studied through analogues and cocrystal structures with TNKS2, PARP2, PARP14, and PARP15. Based on the substitution pattern, we were able to identify 3-amino derivatives 21 (OUL243) and 27 (OUL232) as inhibitors of mono-ARTs PARP7, PARP10, PARP11, PARP12, PARP14, and PARP15 at nM potencies, with 27 being the most potent PARP10 inhibitor described to date (IC50 of 7.8 nM) and the first PARP12 inhibitor ever reported. On the contrary, hydroxy derivative 16 (OUL245) inhibits poly-ARTs with a selectivity toward PARP2. The scaffold does not possess inherent cell toxicity, and the inhibitors can enter cells and engage with the target protein. This, together with favorable ADME properties, demonstrates the potential of TBT scaffold for future drug development efforts toward selective inhibitors against specific enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Murthy
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Maria Giulia Nizi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy
| | - Mirko M. Maksimainen
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Serena Massari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy
| | - Juho Alaviuhkola
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Barbara E. Lippok
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH
Aachen University, Aachen52074, Germany
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, SienaI-53100, Italy
| | - Sven T. Sowa
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Albert Galera-Prat
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Yashwanth Ashok
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | - Harikanth Venkannagari
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland
| | | | - Elena Dreassi
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, SienaI-53100, Italy
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH
Aachen University, Aachen52074, Germany
| | - Patricia Korn
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH
Aachen University, Aachen52074, Germany
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy,
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu90220, Finland,
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28
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Luo H, Todi SV, Paulson HL, Costa MDC. Regional and age-dependent changes in ubiquitination in cellular and mouse models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1154203. [PMID: 37122622 PMCID: PMC10140444 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1154203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease, is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia. SCA3 is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene that encodes an expanded tract of polyglutamine in the disease protein ataxin-3 (ATXN3). As a deubiquitinating enzyme, ATXN3 regulates numerous cellular processes including proteasome- and autophagy-mediated protein degradation. In SCA3 disease brain, polyQ-expanded ATXN3 accumulates with other cellular constituents, including ubiquitin (Ub)-modified proteins, in select areas like the cerebellum and the brainstem, but whether pathogenic ATXN3 affects the abundance of ubiquitinated species is unknown. Here, in mouse and cellular models of SCA3, we investigated whether elimination of murine Atxn3 or expression of wild-type or polyQ-expanded human ATXN3 alters soluble levels of overall ubiquitination, as well as K48-linked (K48-Ub) and K63-linked (K63-Ub) chains. Levels of ubiquitination were assessed in the cerebellum and brainstem of 7- and 47-week-old Atxn3 knockout and SCA3 transgenic mice, and also in relevant mouse and human cell lines. In older mice, we observed that wild-type ATXN3 impacts the cerebellar levels of K48-Ub proteins. In contrast, pathogenic ATXN3 leads to decreased brainstem abundance of K48-Ub species in younger mice and changes in both cerebellar and brainstem K63-Ub levels in an age-dependent manner: younger SCA3 mice have higher levels of K63-Ub while older mice have lower levels of K63-Ub compared to controls. Human SCA3 neuronal progenitor cells also show a relative increase in K63-Ub proteins upon autophagy inhibition. We conclude that wild-type and mutant ATXN3 differentially impact K48-Ub- and K63-Ub-modified proteins in the brain in a region- and age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sokol V. Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Henry L. Paulson
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry L. Paulson, ; Maria do Carmo Costa,
| | - Maria do Carmo Costa
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry L. Paulson, ; Maria do Carmo Costa,
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29
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Gorka M, Magnussen HM, Kulathu Y. Chemical biology tools to study Deubiquitinases and Ubl proteases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:86-96. [PMID: 35216867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reversible attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin like modifiers (Ubls) to proteins are crucial post-translational modifications (PTMs) for many cellular processes. Not only do cells possess hundreds of ligases to mediate substrate specific modification with Ub and Ubls, but they also have a repertoire of more than 100 dedicated enzymes for the specific removal of ubiquitin (Deubiquitinases or DUBs) and Ubl modifications (Ubl-specific proteases or ULPs). Over the past two decades, there has been significant progress in our understanding of how DUBs and ULPs function at a molecular level and many novel DUBs and ULPs, including several new DUB classes, have been identified. Here, the development of chemical tools that can bind and trap active DUBs has played a key role. Since the introduction of the first activity-based probe for DUBs in 1986, several innovations have led to the development of more sophisticated tools to study DUBs and ULPs. In this review we discuss how chemical biology has led to the development of activity-based probes and substrates that have been invaluable to the study of DUBs and ULPs. We summarise our currently available toolbox, highlight the main achievements and give an outlook of how these tools may be applied to gain a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of DUBs and ULPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorka
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC-PPU), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Helge Magnus Magnussen
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC-PPU), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Yogesh Kulathu
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC-PPU), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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30
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Lüscher B, Ahel I, Altmeyer M, Ashworth A, Bai P, Chang P, Cohen M, Corda D, Dantzer F, Daugherty MD, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Deindl S, Fehr AR, Feijs KLH, Filippov DV, Gagné JP, Grimaldi G, Guettler S, Hoch NC, Hottiger MO, Korn P, Kraus WL, Ladurner A, Lehtiö L, Leung AKL, Lord CJ, Mangerich A, Matic I, Matthews J, Moldovan GL, Moss J, Natoli G, Nielsen ML, Niepel M, Nolte F, Pascal J, Paschal BM, Pawłowski K, Poirier GG, Smith S, Timinszky G, Wang ZQ, Yélamos J, Yu X, Zaja R, Ziegler M. ADP-ribosyltransferases, an update on function and nomenclature. FEBS J 2022; 289:7399-7410. [PMID: 34323016 PMCID: PMC9027952 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation, a modification of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, confers broad functions, including roles in stress responses elicited, for example, by DNA damage and viral infection and is involved in intra- and extracellular signaling, chromatin and transcriptional regulation, protein biosynthesis, and cell death. ADP-ribosylation is catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), which transfer ADP-ribose from NAD+ onto substrates. The modification, which occurs as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation, is reversible due to the action of different ADP-ribosylhydrolases. Importantly, inhibitors of ARTs are approved or are being developed for clinical use. Moreover, ADP-ribosylhydrolases are being assessed as therapeutic targets, foremost as antiviral drugs and for oncological indications. Due to the development of novel reagents and major technological advances that allow the study of ADP-ribosylation in unprecedented detail, an increasing number of cellular processes and pathways are being identified that are regulated by ADP-ribosylation. In addition, characterization of biochemical and structural aspects of the ARTs and their catalytic activities have expanded our understanding of this protein family. This increased knowledge requires that a common nomenclature be used to describe the relevant enzymes. Therefore, in this viewpoint, we propose an updated and broadly supported nomenclature for mammalian ARTs that will facilitate future discussions when addressing the biochemistry and biology of ADP-ribosylation. This is combined with a brief description of the main functions of mammalian ARTs to illustrate the increasing diversity of mono- and poly-ADP-ribose mediated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Michael Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniela Corda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matthew D Daugherty
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Deindl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Anthony R Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Karla L H Feijs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sebastian Guettler
- Divisions of Structural Biology and Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Nicolas C Hoch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Korn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Ladurner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Anthony K L Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Lord
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Ivan Matic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jason Matthews
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Friedrich Nolte
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - John Pascal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Bryce M Paschal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Susan Smith
- Department of Pathology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Gyula Timinszky
- Lendület Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Germany
| | - José Yélamos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Roko Zaja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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31
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Activities and binding partners of E3 ubiquitin ligase DTX3L and its roles in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1683-1692. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a protein post-translational modification that affects protein localisation, stability and interactions. E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate the final step of the ubiquitination reaction by recognising target proteins and mediating the ubiquitin transfer from an E2 enzyme. DTX3L is a multi-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase in which the N-terminus mediates protein oligomerisation, a middle D3 domain mediates the interaction with PARP9, a RING domain responsible for recognising E2 ∼ Ub and a DTC domain has the dual activity of ADP-ribosylating ubiquitin and mediating ubiquitination. The activity of DTX3L is known to be modulated by at least two different factors: the concentration of NAD+, which dictates if the enzyme acts as a ligase or as an ADP-ribosyltransferase, and its binding partners, which affect DTX3L activity through yet unknown mechanisms. In light of recent findings it is possible that DTX3L could ubiquitinate ADP-ribose attached to proteins. Different DTX3L–protein complexes have been found to be part of multiple signalling pathways through which they promote the adhesion, proliferation, migration and chemoresistance of e.g. lymphoma, glioma, melanoma, and prostate cancer. In this review, we have covered the literature available for the molecular functions of DTX3L especially in the context of cancer biology, different pathways it regulates and how these relate to its function as an oncoprotein.
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32
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Zhu K, Suskiewicz MJ, Hloušek-Kasun A, Meudal H, Mikoč A, Aucagne V, Ahel D, Ahel I. DELTEX E3 ligases ubiquitylate ADP-ribosyl modification on protein substrates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd4253. [PMID: 36197986 PMCID: PMC7615817 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation had been considered limited to protein lysine residues, but other substrates have recently emerged. Here, we show that DELTEX E3 ligases specifically target the 3' hydroxyl of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyl moiety that can be linked to a protein, thus generating a hybrid ADP-ribosyl-ubiquitin modification. Unlike other known hydroxyl-specific E3s, which proceed via a covalent E3~ubiqutin intermediate, DELTEX enzymes are RING E3s that stimulate a direct ubiquitin transfer from E2~ubiquitin onto a substrate. However, DELTEXes follow a previously unidentified paradigm for RING E3s, whereby the ligase not only forms a scaffold but also provides catalytic residues to activate the acceptor. Comparative analysis of known hydroxyl-ubiquitylating active sites points to the recurring use of a catalytic histidine residue, which, in DELTEX E3s, is potentiated by a glutamate in a catalytic triad-like manner. In addition, we determined the hydrolase specificity profile of this modification, identifying human and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enzymes that could reverse it in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcin J. Suskiewicz
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | | | - Hervé Meudal
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Andreja Mikoč
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Dragana Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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33
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Kelsall IR. Non-lysine ubiquitylation: Doing things differently. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1008175. [PMID: 36200073 PMCID: PMC9527308 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1008175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin plays a central role in nearly all aspects of eukaryotic biology. Historically, studies have focused on the conjugation of ubiquitin to lysine residues in substrates, but it is now clear that ubiquitylation can also occur on cysteine, serine, and threonine residues, as well as on the N-terminal amino group of proteins. Paradigm-shifting reports of non-proteinaceous substrates have further extended the reach of ubiquitylation beyond the proteome to include intracellular lipids and sugars. Additionally, results from bacteria have revealed novel ways to ubiquitylate (and deubiquitylate) substrates without the need for any of the enzymatic components of the canonical ubiquitylation cascade. Focusing mainly upon recent findings, this review aims to outline the current understanding of non-lysine ubiquitylation and speculate upon the molecular mechanisms and physiological importance of this non-canonical modification.
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34
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Blevins MS, Juetten KJ, James VK, Butalewicz JP, Escobar EE, Lanzillotti MB, Sanders JD, Fort KL, Brodbelt JS. Nanohydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Coupled to Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Intact Proteins in Low Charge States. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2493-2503. [PMID: 36043517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct correlation between proteoforms and biological phenotype necessitates the exploration of mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods more suitable for proteoform detection and characterization. Here, we couple nano-hydrophobic interaction chromatography (nano-HIC) to ultraviolet photodissociation MS (UVPD-MS) for separation and characterization of intact proteins and proteoforms. High linearity, sensitivity, and sequence coverage are obtained with this method for a variety of proteins. Investigation of collisional cross sections of intact proteins during nano-HIC indicates semifolded conformations in low charge states, enabling a different dimension of separation in comparison to traditional, fully denaturing reversed-phase separations. This method is demonstrated for a mixture of intact proteins from Escherichia coli ribosomes; high sequence coverage is obtained for a variety of modified and unmodified proteoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Blevins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kyle J Juetten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Virginia K James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jamie P Butalewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Edwin E Escobar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael B Lanzillotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kyle L Fort
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen 28199, Germany
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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35
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Tsika AC, Gallo A, Fourkiotis NK, Argyriou AI, Sreeramulu S, Löhr F, Rogov VV, Richter C, Linhard V, Gande SL, Altincekic N, Krishnathas R, Elamri I, Schwalbe H, Wollenhaupt J, Weiss MS, Spyroulias GA. Binding Adaptation of GS-441524 Diversifies Macro Domains and Downregulates SARS-CoV-2 de-MARylation Capacity. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167720. [PMID: 35839840 PMCID: PMC9284540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection in cells triggers a cascade of molecular defense mechanisms to maintain host-cell homoeostasis. One of these mechanisms is ADP-ribosylation, a fundamental post-translational modification (PTM) characterized by the addition of ADP-ribose (ADPr) on substrates. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are implicated in this process and they perform ADP-ribosylation on host and pathogen proteins. Some viral families contain structural motifs that can reverse this PTM. These motifs known as macro domains (MDs) are evolutionarily conserved protein domains found in all kingdoms of life. They are divided in different classes with the viral belonging to Macro-D-type class because of their properties to recognize and revert the ADP-ribosylation. Viral MDs are potential pharmaceutical targets, capable to counteract host immune response. Sequence and structural homology between viral and human MDs are an impediment for the development of new active compounds against their function. Remdesivir, is a drug administrated in viral infections inhibiting viral replication through RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Herein, GS-441524, the active metabolite of the remdesivir, is tested as a hydrolase inhibitor for several viral MDs and for its binding to human homologs found in PARPs. This study presents biochemical and biophysical studies, which indicate that GS-441524 selectively modifies SARS-CoV-2 MD de-MARylation activity, while it does not interact with hPARP14 MD2 and hPARP15 MD2. The structural investigation of MD•GS-441524 complexes, using solution NMR and X-ray crystallography, discloses the impact of certain amino acids in ADPr binding cavity suggesting that F360 and its adjacent residues tune the selective binding of the inhibitor to SARS-CoV-2 MD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Gallo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Sridhar Sreeramulu
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Löhr
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir V. Rogov
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Richter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Verena Linhard
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Santosh L. Gande
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadide Altincekic
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robin Krishnathas
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isam Elamri
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Corresponding authors
| | - Jan Wollenhaupt
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred S. Weiss
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios A. Spyroulias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece,Corresponding authors
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36
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Li P, Lei Y, Qi J, Liu W, Yao K. Functional roles of ADP-ribosylation writers, readers and erasers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941356. [PMID: 36035988 PMCID: PMC9404506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) tightly regulated by the dynamic interplay between its writers, readers and erasers. As an intricate and versatile PTM, ADP-ribosylation plays critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the major players involved in the ADP-ribosylation cycle, which may facilitate the investigation of the ADP-ribosylation function and contribute to the understanding and treatment of ADP-ribosylation associated disease.
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37
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Squair DR, Virdee S. A new dawn beyond lysine ubiquitination. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:802-811. [PMID: 35896829 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin system has become synonymous with the modification of lysine residues. However, the substrate scope and diversity of the conjugation machinery have been underappreciated, bringing us to an epoch in ubiquitin system research. The striking discoveries of metazoan enzymes dedicated toward serine and threonine ubiquitination have revealed the important role of nonlysine ubiquitination in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, immune signaling and neuronal processes, while reports of nonproteinaceous substrates have extended ubiquitination beyond the proteome. Bacterial effectors that bypass the canonical ubiquitination machinery and form unprecedented linkage chemistry further redefine long-standing dogma. While chemical biology approaches have advanced our understanding of the canonical ubiquitin system, further study of noncanonical ubiquitination has been hampered by a lack of suitable tools. This Perspective aims to consolidate and contextualize recent discoveries and to propose potential applications of chemical biology, which will be instrumental in unraveling this new frontier of ubiquitin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Squair
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Satpal Virdee
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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38
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Longarini EJ, Matic I. The fast-growing business of Serine ADP-ribosylation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 118:103382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Nizi M, Maksimainen MM, Lehtiö L, Tabarrini O. Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Targeting Mono-ADP-Ribosylating PARPs with Small Molecules. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7532-7560. [PMID: 35608571 PMCID: PMC9189837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major advances have recently defined functions for human mono-ADP-ribosylating PARP enzymes (mono-ARTs), also opening up potential applications for targeting them to treat diseases. Structural biology combined with medicinal chemistry has allowed the design of potent small molecule inhibitors which typically bind to the catalytic domain. Most of these inhibitors are at the early stages, but some have already a suitable profile to be used as chemical tools. One compound targeting PARP7 has even progressed to clinical trials. In this review, we collect inhibitors of mono-ARTs with a typical "H-Y-Φ" motif (Φ = hydrophobic residue) and focus on compounds that have been reported as active against one or a restricted number of enzymes. We discuss them from a medicinal chemistry point of view and include an analysis of the available crystal structures, allowing us to craft a pharmacophore model that lays the foundation for obtaining new potent and more specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Giulia Nizi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirko M. Maksimainen
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 5400 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 5400 Oulu, Finland
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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40
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Gan Y, Sha H, Zou R, Xu M, Zhang Y, Feng J, Wu J. Research Progress on Mono-ADP-Ribosyltransferases in Human Cell Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864101. [PMID: 35652091 PMCID: PMC9149570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a well-established post-translational modification that is inherently connected to diverse processes, including DNA repair, transcription, and cell signaling. The crucial roles of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mono-ARTs) in biological processes have been identified in recent years by the comprehensive use of genetic engineering, chemical genetics, and proteomics. This review provides an update on current methodological advances in the study of these modifiers. Furthermore, the review provides details on the function of mono ADP-ribosylation. Several mono-ARTs have been implicated in the development of cancer, and this review discusses the role and therapeutic potential of some mono-ARTs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Gan
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Sha
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Renrui Zou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jifeng Feng,
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
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41
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Lüscher B, Verheirstraeten M, Krieg S, Korn P. Intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases at the host-virus interphase. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:288. [PMID: 35536484 PMCID: PMC9087173 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system, the primary defense mechanism of higher organisms against pathogens including viruses, senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In response to PAMPs, interferons (IFNs) are produced, allowing the host to react swiftly to viral infection. In turn the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) is induced. Their products disseminate the antiviral response. Among the ISGs conserved in many species are those encoding mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mono-ARTs). This prompts the question whether, and if so how, mono-ADP-ribosylation affects viral propagation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that some mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases function as PAMP receptors and modify both host and viral proteins relevant for viral replication. Support for mono-ADP-ribosylation in virus–host interaction stems from the findings that some viruses encode mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolases, which antagonize cellular mono-ARTs. We summarize and discuss the evidence linking mono-ADP-ribosylation and the enzymes relevant to catalyze this reversible modification with the innate immune response as part of the arms race between host and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Maud Verheirstraeten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Korn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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42
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Galera-Prat A, Alaviuhkola J, Alanen HI, Lehtiö L. Protein engineering approach to enhance activity assays of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases through proximity. Protein Eng Des Sel 2022; 35:gzac006. [PMID: 36130221 PMCID: PMC9574550 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mono-ADP-ribosylating PARP enzymes have been linked to several clinically relevant processes and many of these PARPs have been suggested as potential drug targets. Despite recent advances in the field, efforts to discover inhibitors have been hindered by the lack of tools to rapidly screen for high potency compounds and profile them against the different enzymes. We engineered mono-ART catalytic fragments to be incorporated into a cellulosome-based octavalent scaffold. Compared to the free enzymes, the scaffold-based system results in an improved activity for the tested PARPs due to improved solubility, stability and the proximity of the catalytic domains, altogether boosting their activity beyond 10-fold in the case of PARP12. This allows us to measure their activity using a homogeneous NAD+ conversion assay, facilitating its automation to lower the assay volume and costs. The approach will enable the discovery of more potent compounds due to increased assay sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Galera-Prat
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, Aapistie 7B, 90220 Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho Alaviuhkola
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, Aapistie 7B, 90220 Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli I Alanen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, Aapistie 7B, 90220 Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, Aapistie 7B, 90220 Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
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43
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Schuller M, Ahel I. Beyond protein modification: the rise of non-canonical ADP-ribosylation. Biochem J 2022; 479:463-477. [PMID: 35175282 PMCID: PMC8883491 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation has primarily been known as post-translational modification of proteins. As signalling strategy conserved in all domains of life, it modulates substrate activity, localisation, stability or interactions, thereby regulating a variety of cellular processes and microbial pathogenicity. Yet over the last years, there is increasing evidence of non-canonical forms of ADP-ribosylation that are catalysed by certain members of the ADP-ribosyltransferase family and go beyond traditional protein ADP-ribosylation signalling. New macromolecular targets such as nucleic acids and new ADP-ribose derivatives have been established, notably extending the repertoire of ADP-ribosylation signalling. Based on the physiological relevance known so far, non-canonical ADP-ribosylation deserves its recognition next to the traditional protein ADP-ribosylation modification and which we therefore review in the following.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schuller
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K
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44
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Reconstitution of the DTX3L-PARP9 complex reveals determinants for high affinity heterodimerization and multimeric assembly. Biochem J 2022; 479:289-304. [PMID: 35037691 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation are post-translational modifications that play major roles in pathways including the DNA damage response and viral infection. The enzymes responsible for these modifications are therefore potential targets for therapeutic intervention. DTX3L is an E3 Ubiquitin ligase that forms a heterodimer with PARP9. In addition to its ubiquitin ligase activity, DTX3L-PARP9 also acts as an ADP-ribosyl transferase for Gly76 on the C-terminus of ubiquitin. NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosylation of ubiquitin by DTX3L-PARP9 prevents ubiquitin from conjugating to protein substrates. To gain insight into how DTX3L-PARP9 generates these post-translational modifications, we have generated recombinant forms of DTX3L and PARP9 and studied their physical interactions. We show the DTX3L D3 domain (230-510) mediates the interaction with PARP9 with nanomolar affinity and an apparent 1:1 stoichiometry. We also show that DTX3L and PARP9 assemble into a higher molecular weight oligomer, and that this is mediated by the DTX3L N-terminal region (1-200). Lastly, we show that ADP-ribosylation of ubiquitin at Gly76 is reversible in vitro by several Macrodomain-type hydrolases. Our study provides a framework to understand how DTX3L-PARP9 mediates ADP-ribosylation and ubiquitination through both intra- and inter-subunit interactions.
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45
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Glumoff T, Sowa ST, Lehtiö L. Assay technologies facilitating drug discovery for ADP-ribosyl writers, readers and erasers. Bioessays 2021; 44:e2100240. [PMID: 34816463 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by writer enzymes - ADP-ribosyltransferases. The modification is part of many signaling events, can modulate the function and stability of target proteins, and often results in the recruitment of reader proteins that bind to the ADP-ribosyl groups. Erasers are integral actors in these signaling events and reverse the modification. ADP-ribosylation can be targeted with therapeutics and many inhibitors against writers exist, with some being in clinical use. Inhibitors against readers and erasers are sparser and development of these has gained momentum only in recent years. Drug discovery has been hampered by the lack of specific tools, however many significant advances in the methods have recently been reported. We discuss assays used in the field with a focus on methods allowing efficient identification of small molecule inhibitors and profiling against enzyme families. While human proteins are focused, the methods can be also applied to bacterial toxins and virus encoded erasers that can be targeted to treat infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sven T Sowa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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46
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Poltronieri P, Miwa M, Masutani M. ADP-Ribosylation as Post-Translational Modification of Proteins: Use of Inhibitors in Cancer Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10829. [PMID: 34639169 PMCID: PMC8509805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the post-translational modifications of proteins, ADP-ribosylation has been studied for over fifty years, and a large set of functions, including DNA repair, transcription, and cell signaling, have been assigned to this post-translational modification (PTM). This review presents an update on the function of a large set of enzyme writers, the readers that are recruited by the modified targets, and the erasers that reverse the modification to the original amino acid residue, removing the covalent bonds formed. In particular, the review provides details on the involvement of the enzymes performing monoADP-ribosylation/polyADP-ribosylation (MAR/PAR) cycling in cancers. Of note, there is potential for the application of the inhibitors developed for cancer also in the therapy of non-oncological diseases such as the protection against oxidative stress, the suppression of inflammatory responses, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This field of studies is not concluded, since novel enzymes are being discovered at a rapid pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-ISPA, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Masanao Miwa
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama 526-0829, Japan;
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, CBMM, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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47
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Wang L, Sun X, He J, Liu Z. Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Deltex Family Ubiquitin E3 Ligases in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:706997. [PMID: 34513839 PMCID: PMC8424196 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.706997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification of proteins that significantly affects protein stability and function. The specificity of substrate recognition is determined by ubiquitin E3 ligase during ubiquitination. Human Deltex (DTX) protein family, which functions as ubiquitin E3 ligases, comprises five members, namely, DTX1, DTX2, DTX3, DTX3L, and DTX4. The characteristics and functional diversity of the DTX family proteins have attracted significant attention over the last decade. DTX proteins have several physiological and pathological roles and are closely associated with cell signal transduction, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as the occurrence and development of various tumors. Although they have been extensively studied in various species, data on structural features, biological functions, and potential mechanisms of action of the DTX family proteins remain limited. In this review, recent research progress on each member of the DTX family is summarized, providing insights into future research directions and potential strategies in disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jingni He
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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48
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Hoch NC. Host ADP-ribosylation and the SARS-CoV-2 macrodomain. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1711-1721. [PMID: 34351418 PMCID: PMC8421052 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted intense research efforts into elucidating mechanisms of coronavirus pathogenesis and to propose antiviral interventions. The interferon (IFN) response is the main antiviral component of human innate immunity and is actively suppressed by several non-structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins, allowing viral replication within human cells. Differences in IFN signalling efficiency and timing have emerged as central determinants of the variability of COVID-19 disease severity between patients, highlighting the need for an improved understanding of host-pathogen interactions that affect the IFN response. ADP-ribosylation is an underexplored post-translational modification catalyzed by ADP-ribosyl transferases collectively termed poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Several human PARPs are induced by the IFN response and participate in antiviral defences by regulating IFN signalling itself, modulating host processes such as translation and protein trafficking, as well as directly modifying and inhibiting viral target proteins. SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses encode a macrodomain that hydrolyzes ADP-ribose modifications, thus counteracting antiviral PARP activity. This mini-review provides a brief overview of the known targets of IFN-induced ADP-ribosylation and the functions of viral macrodomains, highlighting several open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C. Hoch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Hariri H, St-Arnaud R. Expression and Role of Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidases in Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147746. [PMID: 34299363 PMCID: PMC8304380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates biological processes in normal and diseased states. Recent investigations have focused on ubiquitin-dependent modifications and their impacts on cellular function, commitment, and differentiation. Ubiquitination is reversed by deubiquitinases, including ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs), whose roles have been widely investigated. In this review, we explore recent findings highlighting the regulatory functions of USPs in osteoblasts and providing insight into the molecular mechanisms governing their actions during bone formation. We also give a brief overview of our work on USP53, a target of PTH in osteoblasts and a regulator of mesenchymal cell lineage fate decisions. Emerging evidence addresses questions pertaining to the complex layers of regulation exerted by USPs on osteoblast signaling. We provide a short overview of our and others' understanding of how USPs modulate osteoblastogenesis. However, further studies using knockout mouse models are needed to fully understand the mechanisms underpinning USPs actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadla Hariri
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada;
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada;
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +514-282-7155; Fax: +514-842-5581
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50
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Šileikytė J, Sundalam S, David LL, Cohen MS. Chemical Proteomics Approach for Profiling the NAD Interactome. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6787-6791. [PMID: 33914500 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a multifunctional molecule. Beyond redox metabolism, NAD+ has an equally important function as a substrate for post-translational modification enzymes, the largest family being the poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs, 17 family members in humans). The recent surprising discoveries of noncanonical NAD (NAD+/NADH)-binding proteins suggests that the NAD interactome is likely larger than previously thought; yet, broadly useful chemical tools for profiling and discovering NAD-binding proteins do not exist. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and validation of clickable, photoaffinity labeling (PAL) probes, 2- and 6-ad-BAD, for interrogating the NAD interactome. We found that 2-ad-BAD efficiently labels PARPs in a UV-dependent manner. Chemical proteomics experiments with 2- and 6-ad-BAD identified known and unknown NAD+/NADH-binding proteins. Together, our study shows the utility of 2- and 6-ad-BAD as clickable PAL NAD probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Šileikytė
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Sunil Sundalam
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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