1
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Luo C, Ding Y, Ren Z, Wu C, Huo Y, Zhou X, Zheng Z, Wang X, Chen Y. Ultrahigh-resolution, high-fidelity quantum dot pixels patterned by dielectric electrophoretic deposition. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:273. [PMID: 39327426 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The high pixel resolution is emerging as one of the key parameters for the next-generation displays. Despite the development of various quantum dot (QD) patterning techniques, achieving ultrahigh-resolution (>10,000 pixels per inch (PPI)) and high-fidelity QD patterns is still a tough challenge that needs to be addressed urgently. Here, we propose a novel and effective approach of orthogonal electric field-induced template-assisted dielectric electrophoretic deposition to successfully achieve one of the highest pixel resolutions of 23090 (PPI) with a high fidelity of up to 99%. Meanwhile, the proposed strategy is compatible with the preparation of QD pixels based on perovskite CsPbBr3 and conventional CdSe QDs, exhibiting a wide applicability for QD pixel fabrication. Notably, we further demonstrate the great value of our approach to achieve efficiently electroluminescent QD pixels with a peak external quantum efficiency of 16.5%. Consequently, this work provides a general approach for realizing ultrahigh-resolution and high-fidelity patterns based on various QDs and a novel method for fabricating QD-patterned devices with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhao Luo
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yanhui Ding
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhenwei Ren
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Chenglong Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yonghuan Huo
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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2
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Huang J, Li Z, Zhu Y, Yang L, Lin X, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Fu Y, Xu W, Huang M, Li D, Pan A. Monolithic Integration of Full-Color Microdisplay Screen with Sub-5 µm Quantum-Dot Pixels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409025. [PMID: 39267409 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Monolithic integration of color-conversion materials onto blue-backlight micro-light-emitting-diodes (micro-LEDs) has emerged as a promising strategy for achieving full-color microdisplay devices. However, this approach still encounters challenges such as the blue-backlight leakage and the poor fabrication yield rate due to unsatisfied quantum dot (QD) material and fabrication process. Here, the monolithic integration of 0.39-inch micro-display screens displaying colorful pictures and videos are demonstrated, which are enabled by creating interfacial chemical bonds for wafer-scale adhesion of sub-5 µm QD-pixels on blue-backlight micro-LED wafer. The ligand molecule with chlorosulfonyl and silane groups is selected as the synthesis ligand and surface treatment material, facilitating the preparation of high-efficiency QD photoresist and the formation of robust chemical bonds for pixel integration. This is a leading record in micro-display devices achieving the highest brightness larger than 400 thousand nits, the ultrahigh resolution of 3300 PPI, the wide color gamut of 130.4% NTSC, and the ultimate performance of service life exceeding 1000 h. These results extend the mature integrated circuit technique into the manufacture of micro-display device, which also lead the road of industrialization process of full-color micro-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Youliang Zhu
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Innovation Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215011, P. R. China
| | - Liuli Yang
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Innovation Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215011, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yizhe Wang
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Innovation Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215011, P. R. China
| | - Yi Fu
- LatticePower Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330038, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ming Huang
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
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3
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Yin Q, Xu R, Wang X, Li M, Huang X, Chen Z, Ma T, Xie A, Chen J, Zeng H. Precise Laser-Modulated Anion Exchange on Ultraflexible Perovskite Films for Multicolor Patterns. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48094-48102. [PMID: 39189509 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite anion exchange reactions tend to be spontaneous and rapid. To achieve precise control of anion exchange and modulate the bandgaps of perovskites to meet the demands in full-color displays, a laser-induced liquid-phase anion exchange method is developed in this paper. CsPbBr3 perovskites embedded in a polymer matrix are converted to CsPb(BrxCl1-x)3 and CsPb(BrxI1-x)3 perovskites, realizing the shift from green fluorescence to blue and red fluorescence. By changing the laser parameters, the anion exchange extent and luminescence wavelength are precisely tuned, with the maximum tuning wavelength range of 431-696 nm. Due to the focusing properties of the laser, the spatial position of anion exchange can be precisely controlled, which is significant for realizing fast and accurate patterning without masks. Based on this method, blue patterns with different light-emitting wavelengths are fabricated. RGB three-color patterns on a single perovskite composite film are successfully prepared by further replacement of halogen ions. More importantly, the polymer matrix provides ultraflexibility and good stability for the films; even if the composite films are arbitrarily folded or repeatedly bent, they can still maintain good luminous intensity. This method will show great potential in the field of flexible, full-color displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Yin
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rongrong Xu
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mulin Li
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xianliang Huang
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - An Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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4
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Tan ZS, Jamal Z, Teo DWY, Ko HC, Seah ZL, Phua HY, Ho PKH, Png RQ, Chua LL. Optimization of fluorinated phenyl azides as universal photocrosslinkers for semiconducting polymers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6354. [PMID: 39069548 PMCID: PMC11284223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated phenyl azides (FPA) enable photo-structuring of π-conjugated polymer films for electronic device applications. Despite their potential, FPAs have faced limitations regarding their crosslinking efficiency, and more importantly, their impact on critical semiconductor properties, such as charge-carrier mobility. Here, we report that azide photolysis and photocrosslinking can achieve unity quantum efficiencies for specific FPAs. This suggests preferential nitrene insertion into unactivated C‒H bonds over benzazirine and ketenimine reactions, which we attribute to rapid interconversion between the initially formed hot states. Furthermore, we establish a structure‒activity relationship for carrier mobility quenching. The binding affinity of FPA crosslinker to polymer π-stacks governs its propensity for mobility quenching in both PM6 and PBDB-T used as model conjugated polymers. This binding affinity can be suppressed by FPA ring substitution, but varies in a non-trivial way with π-stack order. Utilizing the optimal FPA, photocrosslinking enables the fabrication of morphology-stabilized, acceptor-infiltrated donor polymer networks (that is, PBDB-T: ITIC and PM6: Y6) for solar cells. Our findings demonstrate the exceptional potential of the FPA photochemistry and offer a promising approach to address the challenges of modelling realistic molecular interactions in complex polymer morphologies, moving beyond the limitations of Flory‒Huggins mean field theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Siu Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zaini Jamal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Desmond W Y Teo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hor-Cheng Ko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zong-Long Seah
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117550, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao-Yu Phua
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117550, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter K H Ho
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117550, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui-Qi Png
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117550, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lay-Lay Chua
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, S117552, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Deng C, Huang Q, Fu Z, Lu Y. Ligand Engineering of Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots toward High and Stable Photoluminescence. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1201. [PMID: 39057878 PMCID: PMC11280295 DOI: 10.3390/nano14141201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The ligand engineering of inorganic lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) is an indispensable strategy to boost their photoluminescence stability, which is pivotal for optoelectronics applications. CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PQDs exhibit exceptional optical properties, including high color purity and tunable bandgaps. Despite their promising characteristics, environmental sensitivity poses a challenge to their stability. This article reviews the solution-based synthesis methods with ligand engineering. It introduces the impact of factors like humidity, temperature, and light exposure on PQD's instability, as well as in situ and post-synthesis ligand engineering strategies. The use of various ligands, including X- and L-type ligands, is reviewed for their effectiveness in enhancing stability and luminescence performance. Finally, the significant potential of ligand engineering for the broader application of PQDs in optoelectronic devices is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbo Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiuping Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhengping Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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6
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Zhang X, Huang Q, Yin W, Zheng W. Challenges in Developing Perovskite Nanocrystals for Commercial Applications. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300693. [PMID: 38179846 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Zero-dimensional lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit size-dependent bandgap and carrier confinement compared to bulk counterparts due to the quantum confinement effect, making them essential for achieving wide-color-gamut displays, studying excitonic spin relaxation, and constructing superlattices. Despite their promising potential, they face a variety of technical bottlenecks, such as insufficient color reproducibility, limited large-scale production, low stability, and toxicity. An outline of a research roadmap is provided in the review, which highlights key challenges in developing perovskite NCs for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenxu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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7
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Tian X, Li F, Tang Z, Wang S, Weng K, Liu D, Lu S, Liu W, Fu Z, Li W, Qiu H, Tu M, Zhang H, Li J. Crosslinking-induced patterning of MOFs by direct photo- and electron-beam lithography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2920. [PMID: 38575569 PMCID: PMC10995132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with diverse chemistry, structures, and properties have emerged as appealing materials for miniaturized solid-state devices. The incorporation of MOF films in these devices, such as the integrated microelectronics and nanophotonics, requires robust patterning methods. However, existing MOF patterning methods suffer from some combinations of limited material adaptability, compromised patterning resolution and scalability, and degraded properties. Here we report a universal, crosslinking-induced patterning approach for various MOFs, termed as CLIP-MOF. Via resist-free, direct photo- and electron-beam (e-beam) lithography, the ligand crosslinking chemistry leads to drastically reduced solubility of colloidal MOFs, permitting selective removal of unexposed MOF films with developer solvents. This enables scalable, micro-/nanoscale (≈70 nm resolution), and multimaterial patterning of MOFs on large-area, rigid or flexible substrates. Patterned MOF films preserve their crystallinity, porosity, and other properties tailored for targeted applications, such as diffractive gas sensors and electrochromic pixels. The combined features of CLIP-MOF create more possibilities in the system-level integration of MOFs in various electronic, photonic, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhenyuan Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Min Tu
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Institute of Life Science and Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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8
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Pan JA, Skripka A, Lee C, Qi X, Pham AL, Woods JJ, Abergel RJ, Schuck PJ, Cohen BE, Chan EM. Ligand-Assisted Direct Lithography of Upconverting and Avalanching Nanoparticles for Nonlinear Photonics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7487-7497. [PMID: 38466925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit unique nonlinear optical properties that can be harnessed in microscopy, sensing, and photonics. However, forming high-resolution nano- and micropatterns of UCNPs with large packing fractions is still challenging. Additionally, there is limited understanding of how nanoparticle patterning chemistries are affected by the particle size. Here, we explore direct patterning chemistries for 6-18 nm Tm3+-, Yb3+/Tm3+-, and Yb3+/Er3+-based UCNPs using ligands that form either new ionic linkages or covalent bonds between UCNPs under ultraviolet (UV), electron-beam (e-beam), and near-infrared (NIR) exposure. We study the effect of UCNP size on these patterning approaches and find that 6 nm UCNPs can be patterned with compact ionic-based ligands. In contrast, patterning larger UCNPs requires long-chain, cross-linkable ligands that provide sufficient interparticle spacing to prevent irreversible aggregation upon film casting. Compared to approaches that use a cross-linkable liquid monomer, our patterning method limits the cross-linking reaction to the ligands bound on UCNPs deposited as a thin film. This highly localized photo-/electron-initiated chemistry enables the fabrication of densely packed UCNP patterns with high resolutions (∼1 μm with UV and NIR exposure; <100 nm with e-beam). Our upconversion NIR lithography approach demonstrates the potential to use inexpensive continuous-wave lasers for high-resolution 2D and 3D lithography of colloidal materials. The deposited UCNP patterns retain their upconverting, avalanching, and photoswitching behaviors, which can be exploited in patterned optical devices for next-generation UCNP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ahn Pan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Artiom Skripka
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiao Qi
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anne L Pham
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joshua J Woods
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca J Abergel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bruce E Cohen
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emory M Chan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Liu D, Weng K, Zhao H, Wang S, Qiu H, Luo X, Lu S, Duan L, Bai S, Zhang H, Li J. Nondestructive Direct Optical Patterning of Perovskite Nanocrystals with Carbene-Based Ligand Cross-Linkers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6896-6907. [PMID: 38376996 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Microscale patterning of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is essential for their integration in advanced device platforms, such as high-definition displays. However, perovskite NCs usually show degraded optical and/or electrical properties after patterning with existing approaches, posing a critical challenge for their optoelectronic applications. Here we achieve nondestructive, direct optical patterning of perovskite NCs with rationally designed carbene-based cross-linkers and demonstrate their applications in high-performance light-emitting diodes. We reveal that both the photochemical properties and the electronic structures of cross-linkers need to be carefully tailored to the material properties of perovskite NCs. This method produces high-resolution (∼4000 ppi) NC patterns with preserved photoluminescent quantum efficiencies and charge transport properties. Prototype light-emitting diodes with patterned/cross-linked NC layers show a maximum luminance of over 60000 cd m-2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 16%, among the highest for patterned perovskite electroluminescent devices. Such a material-adapted patterning method enabled by designs from a photochemistry perspective could foster the applications of perovskite NCs in system-level electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Bai
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wan Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Tian T, Wang L. Direct in situ photolithography of ultra-stable CsPbBr 3 quantum dot arrays based on crosslinking polymerization. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2504-2512. [PMID: 38205675 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04876d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl, I) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are the rising star for various display applications owing to their excellent opto-electrical properties, such as an adjustable spectrum, narrow emission linewidth and high quantum yield. However, these PQDs are well known to suffer from intrinsic instability under atmospheric conditions. In this work, a novel photosensitive ligand, phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (XBPO), was employed as a dual-functional reagent for PQD surface engineering. The XBPO ligand could cleave to produce phenylphosphinyl radicals and trimethylbenzoyl radicals under UV light irradiation. The phenylphosphinyl radicals with PO bonds could effectively passivate the PQD surface defects, leading to quantum yield improvement. The CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 PQDs with XBPO modification could achieve a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of near unity and 92%, respectively. Additionally, the in situ encapsulation of the PQDs was achieved by the subsequent crosslinking polymerization, which significantly improved the stability of the PQDs against solvents and the environment. By combining a standard photolithography procedure, we demonstrated a micro-pattern of CsPbBr3 PQDs. These results establish a universal route for PQD patterning, compatible with the existing photolithography processes, which could facilitate the application of PQDs in next-generation display technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yixing Zhao
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yaling Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Sen Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Tingfang Tian
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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11
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Qie Y, Hu H, Yu K, Zhong C, Ju S, Liu Y, Guo T, Li F. Ligand-Nondestructive Direct Photolithography Assisted by Semiconductor Polymer Cross-Linking for High-Resolution Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1254-1260. [PMID: 38230959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The photolithographic patterning of fine quantum dot (QD) films is of great significance for the construction of QD optoelectronic device arrays. However, the photolithography methods reported so far either introduce insulating photoresist or manipulate the surface ligands of QDs, each of which has negative effects on device performance. Here, we report a direct photolithography strategy without photoresist and without engineering the QD surface ligands. Through cross-linking of the surrounding semiconductor polymer, QDs are spatially confined to the network frame of the polymer to form high-quality patterns. More importantly, the wrapped polymer incidentally regulates the energy levels of the emitting layer, which is conducive to improving the hole injection capacity while weakening the electron injection level, to achieve balanced injection of carriers. The patterned QD light-emitting diodes (with a pixel size of 1.5 μm) achieve a high external quantum efficiency of 16.25% and a brightness of >1.4 × 105 cd/m2. This work paves the way for efficient high-resolution QD light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qie
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Kuibao Yu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Songman Ju
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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12
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Lee GH, Kim K, Kim Y, Yang J, Choi MK. Recent Advances in Patterning Strategies for Full-Color Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:45. [PMID: 38060071 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising light-emitting materials for next-generation displays owing to their remarkable material characteristics including broad color tunability, pure color emission with remarkably narrow bandwidths, high quantum yield, and solution processability. Despite recent advances have pushed the luminance efficiency of monochromic perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) to their theoretical limits, their current fabrication using the spin-coating process poses limitations for fabrication of full-color displays. To integrate PeLEDs into full-color display panels, it is crucial to pattern red-green-blue (RGB) perovskite pixels, while mitigating issues such as cross-contamination and reductions in luminous efficiency. Herein, we present state-of-the-art patterning technologies for the development of full-color PeLEDs. First, we highlight recent advances in the development of efficient PeLEDs. Second, we discuss various patterning techniques of MPHs (i.e., photolithography, inkjet printing, electron beam lithography and laser-assisted lithography, electrohydrodynamic jet printing, thermal evaporation, and transfer printing) for fabrication of RGB pixelated displays. These patterning techniques can be classified into two distinct approaches: in situ crystallization patterning using perovskite precursors and patterning of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals. This review highlights advancements and limitations in patterning techniques for PeLEDs, paving the way for integrating PeLEDs into full-color panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Heon Lee
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwook Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Kim
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Kim JI, Zeng Q, Park S, Lee H, Park J, Kim T, Lee TW. Strategies to Extend the Lifetime of Perovskite Downconversion Films for Display Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209784. [PMID: 36525667 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have outstanding luminescent properties that are suitable for displays that have high color purity and high absorption coefficient; so they are evaluated for application as light emitters for organic light-emitting diodes, light-converters for downconversion displays, and future near-eye augmented reality/virtual reality displays. However, PeNCs are chemically vulnerable to heat, light, and moisture, and these weaknesses must be overcome before devices that use PeNCs can be commercialized. This review examines strategies to overcome the low stability of PeNCs and thereby permit the fabrication of stable downconversion films, and summarizes downconversion-type display applications and future prospects. First, methods to increase the chemical stability of PeNCs are examined. Second, methods to encapsulate PeNC downconversion films to increase their lifetime are reviewed. Third, methods to increase the long-term compatibility of resin with PeNCs, and finally, how to secure stability using fillers added to the resin are summarized. Fourth, the method to manufacture downconversion films and the procedure to evaluate their reliability for commercialization is then described. Finally, the prospects of a downconversion system that exploits the properties of PeNCs and can be employed to fabricate fine pixels for high-resolution displays and for near-eye augmented reality/virtual reality devices are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Il Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingsen Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghee Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- PEROLED Co. Ltd., 08826, Building 940, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- PEROLED Co. Ltd., 08826, Building 940, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- SN Display Co. Ltd., 08826, Building 33, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Park SY, Lee S, Yang J, Kang MS. Patterning Quantum Dots via Photolithography: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300546. [PMID: 36892995 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pixelating patterns of red, green, and blue quantum dots (QDs) is a critical challenge for realizing high-end displays with bright and vivid images for virtual, augmented, and mixed reality. Since QDs must be processed from a solution, their patterning process is completely different from the conventional techniques used in the organic light-emitting diode and liquid crystal display industries. Although innovative QD patterning technologies are being developed, photopatterning based on the light-induced chemical conversion of QD films is considered one of the most promising methods for forming micrometer-scale QD patterns that satisfy the precision and fidelity required for commercialization. Moreover, the practical impact will be significant as it directly exploits mature photolithography technologies and facilities that are widely available in the semiconductor industry. This article reviews recent progress in the effort to form QD patterns via photolithography. The review begins with a general description of the photolithography process. Subsequently, different types of photolithographical methods applicable to QD patterning are introduced, followed by recent achievements using these methods in forming high-resolution QD patterns. The paper also discusses prospects for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Seongjae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeehye Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
- Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
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15
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Li F, Liu SF, Liu W, Hou ZW, Jiang J, Fu Z, Wang S, Si Y, Lu S, Zhou H, Liu D, Tian X, Qiu H, Yang Y, Li Z, Li X, Lin L, Sun HB, Zhang H, Li J. 3D printing of inorganic nanomaterials by photochemically bonding colloidal nanocrystals. Science 2023; 381:1468-1474. [PMID: 37769102 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of inorganic materials with nanoscale resolution offers a different materials processing pathway to explore devices with emergent functionalities. However, existing technologies typically involve photocurable resins that reduce material purity and degrade properties. We develop a general strategy for laser direct printing of inorganic nanomaterials, as exemplified by more than 10 semiconductors, metal oxides, metals, and their mixtures. Colloidal nanocrystals are used as building blocks and photochemically bonded through their native ligands. Without resins, this bonding process produces arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) structures with a large inorganic mass fraction (~90%) and high mechanical strength. The printed materials preserve the intrinsic properties of constituent nanocrystals and create structure-dictated functionalities, such as the broadband chiroptical responses with an anisotropic factor of ~0.24 for semiconducting cadmium chalcogenide nanohelical arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Shao-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaxi Jiang
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yilong Si
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengcao Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Institute of Life Science and Technology, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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16
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Pan JA, Cho H, Coropceanu I, Wu H, Talapin DV. Stimuli-Responsive Surface Ligands for Direct Lithography of Functional Inorganic Nanomaterials. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2286-2297. [PMID: 37552212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusColloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a diverse class of materials with tunable composition, size, shape, and surface chemistry. From their facile syntheses to unique optoelectronic properties, these solution-processed nanomaterials are a promising alternative to materials grown as bulk crystals or by vapor-phase methods. However, the integration of colloidal nanomaterials in real-world devices is held back by challenges in making patterned NC films with the resolution, throughput, and cost demanded by device components and applications. Therefore, suitable approaches to pattern NCs need to be established to aid the transition from individual proof-of-concept NC devices to integrated and multiplexed technological systems.In this Account, we discuss the development of stimuli-sensitive surface ligands that enable NCs to be patterned directly with good pattern fidelity while retaining desirable properties. We focus on rationally selected ligands that enable changes in the NC dispersibility by responding to light, electron beam, and/or heat. First, we summarize the fundamental forces between colloidal NCs and discuss the principles behind NC stabilization/destabilization. These principles are applied to understanding the mechanisms of the NC dispersibility change upon stimuli-induced ligand modifications. Six ligand-based patterning mechanisms are introduced: ligand cross-linking, ligand decomposition, ligand desorption, in situ ligand exchange, ion/ligand binding, and ligand-aided increase of ionic strength. We discuss examples of stimuli-sensitive ligands that fall under each mechanism, including their chemical transformations, and address how these ligands are used to pattern either sterically or electrostatically stabilized colloidal NCs. Following that, we explain the rationale behind the exploration of different types of stimuli, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each stimulus.We then discuss relevant figures-of-merit that should be considered when choosing a particular ligand chemistry or stimulus for patterning NCs. These figures-of-merit pertain to either the pattern quality (e.g., resolution, edge and surface roughness, layer thickness), or to the NC material quality (e.g., photo/electro-luminescence, electrical conductivity, inorganic fraction). We outline the importance of these properties and provide insights on optimizing them. Both the pattern quality and NC quality impact the performance of patterned NC devices such as field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, color-conversion pixels, photodetectors, and diffractive optical elements. We also give examples of proof-of-concept patterned NC devices and evaluate their performance. Finally, we provide an outlook on further expanding the chemistry of stimuli-sensitive ligands, improving the NC pattern quality, progress toward 3D printing, and other potential research directions. Ultimately, we hope that the development of a patterning toolbox for NCs will expedite their implementation in a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ahn Pan
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Himchan Cho
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Igor Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Haoqi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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17
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Maeng S, Park SJ, Lee J, Lee H, Choi J, Kang JK, Cho H. Direct photocatalytic patterning of colloidal emissive nanomaterials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi6950. [PMID: 37585523 PMCID: PMC10431700 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a universal direct photocatalytic patterning method that can completely preserve the optical properties of perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) and other emissive nanomaterials. Solubility change of PeNCs is achieved mainly by a photoinduced thiol-ene click reaction between specially tailored surface ligands and a dual-role photocatalytic reagent, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PTMP), where the thiol-ene reaction is enabled at a low light intensity dose (~ 30 millijoules per square centimeter) by the strong photocatalytic activity of PeNCs. The photochemical reaction mechanism was investigated using various analyses at each patterning step. The PTMP also acts as a defect passivation agent for the PeNCs and even enhances their photoluminescence quantum yield (by ~5%) and photostability. Multicolor patterns of cesium lead halide (CsPbX3)PeNCs were fabricated with high resolution (<1 micrometer). Our method is widely applicable to other classes of nanomaterials including colloidal cadmium selenide-based and indium phosphide-based quantum dots and light-emitting polymers; this generality provides a nondestructive and simple way to pattern various functional materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaehwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungdoh Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghui Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Yang JN, Wang JJ, Yin YC, Yao HB. Mitigating halide ion migration by resurfacing lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for stable light-emitting diodes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5516-5540. [PMID: 37482807 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00179b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are promising for next-generation high-definition displays, especially in light of their tunable bandgaps, high color purities, and high carrier mobility. Within the past few years, the external quantum efficiency of perovskite nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes has progressed rapidly, reaching the standard for commercial applications. However, the low operational stability of these perovskite nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes remains a crucial issue for their industrial development. Recent experimental evidence indicates that the migration of ionic species is the primary factor giving rise to the performance degradation of perovskite nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes, and ion migration is closely related to the defects on the surface of perovskite nanocrystals and at the grain boundaries of their thin films. In this review, we focus on the central idea of surface reconstruction of perovskite nanocrystals, discuss the influence of surface defects on halide ion migration, and summarize recent advances in resurfacing perovskite nanocrystal strategies toward mitigating halide ion migration to improve the stability of the as-fabricated light-emitting diode devices. From the perspective of perovskite nanocrystal resurfacing, we set out a promising research direction for improving both the spectral and operational stability of perovskite nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Chen Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Lin Q, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Li D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li F, Huang W. Flexible Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Device for Emerging Multifunctional and Smart Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210385. [PMID: 36880739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), owing to their exceptional performances in device efficiency, color purity/tunability in the visible region and solution-processing ability on various substrates, become a potential candidate for flexible and ultrathin electroluminescent (EL) lighting and display. Moreover, beyond the lighting and display, flexible QLEDs are enabled with endless possibilities in the era of the internet of things and artificial intelligence by acting as input/output ports in wearable integrated systems. Challenges remain in the development of flexible QLEDs with the goals for high performance, excellent flexibility/even stretchability, and emerging applications. In this paper, the recent developments of QLEDs including quantum dot materials, working mechanism, flexible/stretchable strategies and patterning strategies, and highlight its emerging multifunctional integrations and smart applications covering wearable optical medical devices, pressure-sensing EL devices, and neural smart EL devices, are reviewed. The remaining challenges are also summarized and an outlook on the future development of flexible QLEDs made. The review is expected to offer a systematic understanding and valuable inspiration for flexible QLEDs to simultaneously satisfy optoelectronic and flexible properties for emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yangbin Zhu
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Deli Li
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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20
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Lu H, Wu W, He Z, Han X, Pan C. Recent progress in construction methods and applications of perovskite photodetector arrays. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1014-1033. [PMID: 37337833 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are considered promising materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices due to their excellent optoelectronic performances and simple solution preparation process. Precise micro/nano-scale patterning techniques enable perovskite materials to be used for array integration of photodetectors. In this review, the device types of perovskite-based photodetectors are introduced and the structural characteristics and corresponding device performances are analyzed. Then, the typical construction methods suitable for the fabrication of perovskite photodetector arrays are highlighted, including surface treatment technology, template-assisted construction, inkjet printing technology, and modified photolithography. Furthermore, the current development trends and their applications in image sensing of perovskite photodetector arrays are summarized. Finally, major challenges are presented to guide the development of perovskite photodetector arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zeping He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Xun Han
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
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21
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Sheng Y, Zhang Y, Xing F, Liu C, Di Y, Yang X, Wei S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Gan Z. Co-multiplexing spectral and temporal dimensions based on luminescent materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:24667-24677. [PMID: 37475287 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Optical multiplexing is a pivotal technique for augmenting the capacity of optical data storage (ODS) and increasing the security of anti-counterfeiting. However, due to the dearth of appropriate storage media, optical multiplexing is generally restricted to a single dimension, thus curtailing the encoding capacity. Herein, the co-multiplexing spectral and temporal dimensions are proposed for optical encoding based on photoluminescence (PL) and persistent-luminescence (PersL) at four different wavelengths. Each emission color comprises four luminescence modes. The further multiplexing of four wavelengths leads to the maximum encoding capacity of 8 bits at each pixel. The wavelength difference between adjacent peaks is larger than 50 nm. The well-separated emission wavelengths significantly lower the requirements for high-resolution spectrometers. Moreover, the information is unable to be decoded until both PL and PersL spectra are collected, suggesting a substantial improvement in information security and the security level of anti-counterfeiting.
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22
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Antolini F. Direct Optical Patterning of Quantum Dots: One Strategy, Different Chemical Processes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2008. [PMID: 37446523 DOI: 10.3390/nano13132008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Patterning, stability, and dispersion of the semiconductor quantum dots (scQDs) are three issues strictly interconnected for successful device manufacturing. Recently, several authors adopted direct optical patterning (DOP) as a step forward in photolithography to position the scQDs in a selected area. However, the chemistry behind the stability, dispersion, and patterning has to be carefully integrated to obtain a functional commercial device. This review describes different chemical strategies suitable to stabilize the scQDs both at a single level and as an ensemble. Special attention is paid to those strategies compatible with direct optical patterning (DOP). With the same purpose, the scQDs' dispersion in a matrix was described in terms of the scQD surface ligands' interactions with the matrix itself. The chemical processes behind the DOP are illustrated and discussed for five different approaches, all together considering stability, dispersion, and the patterning itself of the scQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Antolini
- Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Physical Technology for Safety and Health Division, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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23
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Qiu H, Li F, He S, Shi R, Han Y, Abudukeremu H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang S, Liu W, Ma C, Fang H, Long R, Wu K, Zhang H, Li J. Epitaxial CsPbBr 3 /CdS Janus Nanocrystal Heterostructures for Efficient Charge Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206560. [PMID: 36840658 PMCID: PMC10161108 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial heterostructures of colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with other semiconductors, especially the technologically important metal chalcogenides, can offer an unprecedented level of control in wavefunction design and exciton/charge carrier engineering. These NC heterostructures are ideal material platforms for efficient optoelectronics and other applications. Existing methods, however, can only yield heterostructures with random connections and distributions of the two components. The lack of epitaxial relation and uniform geometry hinders the structure-function correlation and impedes the electronic coupling at the heterointerface. This work reports the synthesis of uniform, epitaxially grown CsPbBr3 /CdS Janus NC heterostructures with ultrafast charge separation across the electronically coupled interface. Each Janus NC contains a CdS domain that grows exclusively on a single {220} facet of CsPbBr3 NCs. Varying reaction parameters allows for precise control in the sizes of each domain and readily modulates the optical properties of Janus NCs. Transient absorption measurements and modeling results reveal a type II band alignment, where photoexcited electrons rapidly transfer (within ≈9 picoseconds) from CsPbBr3 to CdS. The promoted charge separation and extraction in epitaxial Janus NCs leads to photoconductors with drastically improved (approximately three orders of magnitude) responsivity and detectivity, which is promising for ultrasensitive photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ran Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hannikezi Abudukeremu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology & Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Honghua Fang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology & Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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24
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Liang SY, Liu YF, Hua JG, Ji ZK, Xia H. Femtosecond laser regulatory focus ablation patterning of a fluorescent film up to 1/10 of the scale of the diffraction limit. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5494-5498. [PMID: 36853238 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Patterned quantum dots (QDs) and perovskites have attracted a great deal of attention in the fabrication of optoelectronic device arrays for transistors, image sensors and displays. However, the resolution of current patterning technologies is insufficient for nanopatterned QDs and perovskites to be integrated in advanced optoelectronic and photonic applications. Herein, we demonstrate a femtosecond laser regulatory focus ablation (FsLRFA) patterning technique of a fluorescent film involving both semiconductor core-shell QDs and perovskite up to 1/10th of the scale of the diffraction limit. Annular lines with a 200 nm-width are obtained after the irradiation of the femtosecond laser. Moreover, the combination of ablated different geometries enables the laser focal spot as brushes for FsLRFA patterning technology to fabricate delicate and programmable patterns on the fluorescent film. This technology with nanoscale resolution and patterning capability paves the road toward highly integrated applications based on QDs and perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yue-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jian-Guan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhi-Kun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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25
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Fu Z, Zhou L, Yin Y, Weng K, Li F, Lu S, Liu D, Liu W, Wu L, Yang Y, Li H, Duan L, Xiao H, Zhang H, Li J. Direct Photo-Patterning of Efficient and Stable Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes via Light-Triggered, Carbocation-Enabled Ligand Stripping. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2000-2008. [PMID: 36826387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Next generation displays based on quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) require robust patterning methods for quantum dot layers. However, existing patterning methods mostly yield QLEDs with performance far inferior to the state-of-the-art individual devices. Here, we report a light-triggered, carbocation-enabled ligand stripping (CELS) approach to pattern QLEDs with high efficiency and stability. During CELS, photogenerated carbocations from triphenylmethyl chlorides remove native ligands of quantum dots, thereby producing patterns at microscale precision. Chloride anions passivate surface defects and endow patterned quantum dots with preserved photoluminescent quantum yields. It works for both cadmium-based and heavy-metal-free quantum dots. CELS-patterned QLEDs show remarkable external quantum efficiencies (19.1%, 17.5%, 12.0% for red, green, blue, respectively) and a long operation lifetime (T95 at 1000 nits up to 8700 h). Both are among the highest for patterned QLEDs and approach the records for nonpatterned devices, which makes CELS promising for building high-performance QLED displays and related integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Likuan Zhou
- TCL Research, No. 1001 Zhongshan Park Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenyong Liu
- TCL Research, No. 1001 Zhongshan Park Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
| | - Longjia Wu
- TCL Research, No. 1001 Zhongshan Park Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
| | - Yixing Yang
- TCL Research, No. 1001 Zhongshan Park Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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Wang Y, Liu J, Wang A, Gao S, Li Z, Li J, Yan S, Cheng S, Song Z, Zhang Y, Dong J, Cao J, Wang F, Huang W, Qin T. Heterostructural Nanosheets Consisting of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Shields and Layered Perovskite Cores for Optical Image Encryption. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2047-2055. [PMID: 36795606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical image encryption technology, in which the emission on/off can be controlled by using specially appointed wavelengths, is useful in information storage and protection. Herein, we report a family of sandwiched heterostructural nanosheets, consisting of three-layered (n = 3) perovskite (PSK) frameworks in center with two different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [triphenylene (Tp) and pyrene (Py)] in periphery. Both heterostructural nanosheets (Tp-PSK and Py-PSK) exhibit blue emissions under UVA-I irradiation; however, different photoluminescent properties are observed under UVA-II. A bright emission of Tp-PSK is attributed to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from Tp-shield to PSK-core, whereas the observed photoquenching phenomenon in Py-PSK is due to the competitive absorption between Py-shield and PSK-core. We exploited the unique photophysical features (on/off emission) of the two nanosheets in a narrow UV window (320-340 nm) for optical image encrypting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Aifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Suhao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Suwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Zhicheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Jingjin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Jiupeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Tianshi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
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27
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Sun W, Yun R, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yuan M, Zhang L, Li X. Ligands in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205950. [PMID: 36515335 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ligands are indispensable for perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) throughout the whole lifetime, as they not only play key roles in the controllable synthesis of NCs with different sizes and shapes, but also act as capping shell that affects optical properties and electrical coupling of NCs. Establishing a systematic understanding of the relationship between ligands and perovskite NCs is significant to enable many potential applications of NCs. This review mainly focuses on the influence of ligands on perovskite NCs. First of all, the ligands-dominated size and shape control of NCs is discussed. Whereafter, the surface defects of NCs and the bonding between ligands and perovskite NCs are classified, and corresponding post-treatment of surface defects via ligands is also summarized. Furthermore, advances in engineering the ligands towards the high performance of optoelectronic devices based on perovskite NCs, including photodetector, solar cell, light emitting diode (LED), and laser, and finally to potential challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Sun
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Rui Yun
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Libing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiyan Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Wang S, Lu S, Tian X, Liu W, Si Y, Yang Y, Qiu H, Zhang H, Li J. A General Approach to Stabilize Nanocrystal Superlattices by Covalently Bonded Ligands. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2792-2801. [PMID: 36651568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled inorganic nanocrystal (NC) superlattices are powerful material platforms with diverse structures and emergent functionalities. However, their applications suffer from the low structural stability against solvents and other stimuli, due to the weak interparticle interactions. Existing strategies to stabilize NC superlattices typically require the design and incorporation of special ligands prior to self-assembly and are only applicable to superlattices of certain NCs, ligands, and structures. Here we report a general method to stabilize superlattices of various NC compositions and structures via strong, covalently bonded ligands. The core is the use of light-triggered, nitrene-based cross-linkers that do not interfere the self-assembly process while nonspecifically and effectively bonding the native ligands of NCs. The stabilized 2D and 3D superlattices of metal, semiconductor, and magnetic NCs retain their structures when being exposed to solvents of different polarities (from toluene to water) and show high thermal stability and mechanical rigidity. This can further stabilize binary NC superlattices, beyond those achievable in previous methods. Stabilized superlattices show robust and reproducible functionalities, for instance, when serving as reusable substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. These results create more possibilities in exploiting the impressive library of NC superlattices in a broad scope of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yilong Si
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Scalon L, Freitas FS, Marques FDC, Nogueira AF. Tiny spots to light the future: advances in synthesis, properties, and application of perovskite nanocrystals in solar cells. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:907-941. [PMID: 36629010 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites are in the hotspot of material science and technology. Outstanding properties have been discovered, fundamental mechanisms of defect formation and degradation elucidated, and applications in a wide variety of optoelectronic devices demonstrated. Advances through adjusting the bulk-perovskite composition, as well as the integration of layered and nanostructured perovskites in the devices, allowed improvement in performance and stability. Recently, efforts have been devoted to investigating the effects of quantum confinement in perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) aiming to fabricate optoelectronic devices based solely on these nanoparticles. In general, the applications are focused on light-emitting diodes, especially because of the high color purity and high fluorescence quantum yield obtained in PNCs. Likewise, they present important characteristics featured for photovoltaic applications, highlighting the possibility of stabilizing photoactive phases that are unstable in their bulk analog, the fine control of the bandgap through size change, low defect density, and compatibility with large-scale deposition techniques. Despite the progress made in the last years towards the improvement in the performance and stability of PNCs-based solar cells, their efficiency is still much lower than that obtained with bulk perovskite, and discussions about upscaling of this technology are scarce. In light of this, we address in this review recent routes towards efficiency improvement and the up-scaling of PNC solar cells, emphasizing synthesis management and strategies for solar cell fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Scalon
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Flavio Santos Freitas
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 30421-169, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Nogueira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
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Direct in situ photolithography of perovskite quantum dots based on photocatalysis of lead bromide complexes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6713. [PMID: 36344550 PMCID: PMC9640639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photolithography has shown great potential in patterning solution-processed nanomaterials for integration into advanced optoelectronic devices. However, photolithography of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) has so far been hindered by the incompatibility of perovskite with traditional optical lithography processes where lots of solvents and high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light exposure are required. Herein, we report a direct in situ photolithography technique to pattern PQDs based on the photopolymerization catalyzed by lead bromide complexes. By combining direct photolithography with in situ fabrication of PQDs, this method allows to directly photolithograph perovskite precursors, avoiding the complicated lift-off processes and the destruction of PQDs by solvents or high-energy UV light, as PQDs are produced after lithography exposure. We further demonstrate that the thiol-ene free-radical photopolymerization is catalyzed by lead bromide complexes in the perovskite precursor solution, while no external initiators or catalysts are needed. Using direct in situ photolithography, PQD patterns with high resolution up to 2450 pixels per inch (PPI), excellent fluorescence uniformity, and good stability, are successfully demonstrated. This work opens an avenue for non-destructive direct photolithography of high-efficiency light-emitting PQDs, and potentially expands their application in various integrated optoelectronic devices. Perovskite nanomaterials may suffer degradation during conventional photolithography. Here, the authors report a non-destructive method for patterning perovskite quantum dots based on direct photopolymerization catalyzed by lead bromide complexes.
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31
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Kwon JI, Park G, Lee GH, Jang JH, Sung NJ, Kim SY, Yoo J, Lee K, Ma H, Karl M, Shin TJ, Song MH, Yang J, Choi MK. Ultrahigh-resolution full-color perovskite nanocrystal patterning for ultrathin skin-attachable displays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd0697. [PMID: 36288304 PMCID: PMC9604611 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-definition red/green/blue (RGB) pixels and deformable form factors are essential for the next-generation advanced displays. Here, we present ultrahigh-resolution full-color perovskite nanocrystal (PeNC) patterning for ultrathin wearable displays. Double-layer transfer printing of the PeNC and organic charge transport layers is developed, which prevents internal cracking of the PeNC film during the transfer printing process. This results in RGB pixelated PeNC patterns of 2550 pixels per inch (PPI) and monochromic patterns of 33,000 line pairs per inch with 100% transfer yield. The perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with transfer-printed active layers exhibit outstanding electroluminescence characteristics with remarkable external quantum efficiencies (15.3, 14.8, and 2.5% for red, green, and blue, respectively), which are high compared to the printed PeLEDs reported to date. Furthermore, double-layer transfer printing enables the fabrication of ultrathin multicolor PeLEDs that can operate on curvilinear surfaces, including human skin, under various mechanical deformations. These results highlight that PeLEDs are promising for high-definition full-color wearable displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ik Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuri Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Heon Lee
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Jun Sung
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjong Ma
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Karl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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32
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Liang SY, Liu YF, Zhang HJ, Ji ZK, Xia H. High-Quality Patterning of CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Films through Lamination-Assisted Femtosecond Laser Ablation toward Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46958-46963. [PMID: 36094822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have exhibited promising potential for practical applications such as image sensors and displays benefiting from their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, owing to the instability of the perovskite materials, producing patterned perovskite films with adequately high quality and high precision for such practical applications poses a challenge for existing patterning methods. Herein, the lamination-assisted femtosecond laser ablation (LA-FsLA) technique was successfully applied to fabricate patterned CsPbBr3 films with sufficiently high quality and high precision. A sandwich-laminated structure (glass/CsPbBr3/glass) was introduced to avoid the impact of debris on the patterned perovskite film. As a result, arbitrarily patterned perovskite films with high quality, submicron precision, and well-defined edges were successfully prepared. Moreover, the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on the patterned perovskite films also exhibit good emission characteristics. This work provides a promising strategy for the fabrication of patterned perovskite films with adequately high quality and high precision toward perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yue-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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33
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Ahn J, Choi HJ, Bang J, Son G, Oh SJ. Ink-lithographic fabrication of silver-nanocrystal-based multiaxial strain gauge sensors through the coffee-ring effect for voice recognition applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:46. [PMID: 36209342 PMCID: PMC9547562 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human voice recognition techniques have remarkable potential for clinical applications because information from acoustic signals can reflect human body conditions. This paper reports the fabrication of Ag nanocrystal (NC)-based multiaxial wearable strain gauge sensors by ink-lithography for voice recognition systems. Benefiting from the one-step-device-fabrication strategy of ink-lithography, which can yield Ag NC patterns with specific dimensions and endow physical properties, the Ag NC-based multiaxial strain sensors can be fabricated on an ultrathin substrate (~ 6 μm). Additionally, the coffee-ring effect can be induced onto the Ag NC patterns to realize high sensitivity and angle dependence (gauge factors [Formula: see text] = 11.7 ± 1.2 and [Formula: see text] = 105.5 ± 20.1); moreover, the voice onset time for voice recognition can be detected by the sensors. These features assist in distinguishing between voiced and voiceless plosive contrasts via measurements of contact-based voice onset time differences and can act as a cornerstone for further advancements in wearable sensors as well as voice recognition and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyuk Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Bang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon Son
- Department of English Language and Industry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Li F, Chen C, Lu S, Chen X, Liu W, Weng K, Fu Z, Liu D, Zhang L, Abudukeremu H, Lin L, Wang Y, Zhong M, Zhang H, Li J. Direct Patterning of Colloidal Nanocrystals via Thermally Activated Ligand Chemistry. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13674-13683. [PMID: 35867875 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Precise patterning with microscale lateral resolution and widely tunable heights is critical for integrating colloidal nanocrystals into advanced optoelectronic and photonic platforms. However, patterning nanocrystal layers with thickness above 100 nm remains challenging for both conventional and emerging direct photopatterning methods, due to limited light penetration depths, complex mechanical and chemical incompatibilities, and others. Here, we introduce a direct patterning method based on a thermal mechanism, namely, the thermally activated ligand chemistry (or TALC) of nanocrystals. The ligand cross-linking or decomposition reactions readily occur under local thermal stimuli triggered by near-infrared lasers, affording high-resolution and nondestructive patterning of various nanocrystals under mild conditions. Patterned quantum dots fully preserve their structural and photoluminescent quantum yields. The thermal nature allows for TALC to pattern over 10 μm thick nanocrystal layers in a single step, far beyond those achievable in other direct patterning techniques, and also supports the concept of 2.5D patterning. The thermal chemistry-mediated TALC creates more possibilities in integrating nanocrystal layers in uniform arrays or complex hierarchical formats for advanced capabilities in light emission, conversion, and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changhao Chen
- School of Materials Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xueguang Chen
- Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hannikezi Abudukeremu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linhan Lin
- Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Minlin Zhong
- School of Materials Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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35
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Lai M, Shin D, Jibril L, Mirkin CA. Combinatorial Synthesis and Screening of Mixed Halide Perovskite Megalibraries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13823-13830. [PMID: 35862285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A significant bottleneck in the discovery of new mixed halide perovskite (MHP) compositions and structures is the time-consuming and low-throughput nature of current synthesis and screening methods. Here, a high-throughput strategy is presented that can be used to synthesize combinatorial libraries of MHPs with deliberate control over the halide mixing ratio and particle size (for example, CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 (0 < x < 1) with sizes between ∼100 and 400 nm). This strategy combines evaporation-crystallization polymer pen lithography (EC-PPL) and defect-engineered anion exchange to spatially encode particle size and composition, respectively. Laser exposure is used to selectively modify the defect concentration of individual particles, and thus the degree of subsequent anion exchange, allowing the preparation for ultra-high-density arrays of distinct compositions (>1 unique particle/μm2). This method was utilized to rapidly generate a library of ∼4000 CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 particles that was then screened for high-efficiency blue photoemission, which yielded CsPb(Br0.6Cl0.4)3 as the composition with the highest photoluminescence intensity. The combinatorial synthesis and screening strategy provided here, and the mechanistic understanding of the defect-engineering process gleaned from it, will enable the rapid discovery of exceptional MHP optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minliang Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Donghoon Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liban Jibril
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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