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Sagredo GT, Tanglay O, Shahdadpuri S, Fu Y, Halliday GM. ⍺-Synuclein levels in Parkinson's disease - Cell types and forms that contribute to pathogenesis. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114887. [PMID: 39009177 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has two main pathological hallmarks, the loss of nigral dopamine neurons and the proteinaceous aggregations of ⍺-synuclein (⍺Syn) in neuronal Lewy pathology. These two co-existing features suggest a causative association between ⍺Syn aggregation and the underpinning mechanism of neuronal degeneration in PD. Both increased levels and post-translational modifications of ⍺Syn can contribute to the formation of pathological aggregations of ⍺Syn in neurons. Recent studies have shown that the protein is also expressed by multiple types of non-neuronal cells in the brain and peripheral tissues, suggesting additional roles of the protein and potential diversity in non-neuronal pathogenic triggers. It is important to determine (1) the threshold levels triggering ⍺Syn to convert from a biological to a pathologic form in different brain cells in PD; (2) the dominant form of pathologic ⍺Syn and the associated post-translational modification of the protein in each cell type involved in PD; and (3) the cell type associated biological processes impacted by pathologic ⍺Syn in PD. This review integrates these aspects and speculates on potential pathological mechanisms and their impact on neuronal and non-neuronal ⍺Syn in the brains of patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Tatiana Sagredo
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Onur Tanglay
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shrey Shahdadpuri
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America.
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2
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Mazzotta GM, Conte C. Alpha Synuclein Toxicity and Non-Motor Parkinson's. Cells 2024; 13:1265. [PMID: 39120295 PMCID: PMC11311369 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common multisystem neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1% of the population over the age of 60 years. The main neuropathological features of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of alpha synuclein (αSyn)-rich Lewy bodies both manifesting with classical motor signs. αSyn has emerged as a key protein in PD pathology as it can spread through synaptic networks to reach several anatomical regions of the body contributing to the appearance of non-motor symptoms (NMS) considered prevalent among individuals prior to PD diagnosis and persisting throughout the patient's life. NMS mainly includes loss of taste and smell, constipation, psychiatric disorders, dementia, impaired rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, urogenital dysfunction, and cardiovascular impairment. This review summarizes the more recent findings on the impact of αSyn deposits on several prodromal NMS and emphasizes the importance of early detection of αSyn toxic species in biofluids and peripheral biopsies as prospective biomarkers in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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3
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Sian-Hulsmann J, Riederer P. The 'α-synucleinopathy syndicate': multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:585-595. [PMID: 37227594 PMCID: PMC11192696 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are elite members of the α-synucleinopathy organization. Aberrant accumulations of the protein α-synuclein characterize them. A plethora of evidence indicates the involvement of these rogue inclusions in a cascade of events that disturb cellular homeostasis resulting in neuronal dysfunction. These two neurodegenerative diseases share many features both clinically and pathologically. Cytotoxic processes commonly induced by reactive free radical species have been associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, frequently reported in both diseases. However, it appears they have characteristic and distinct α-synuclein inclusions. It is glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the case of MSA while Lewy bodies manifest in PD. This is probably related to the etiology of the illness. At present, precise mechanism(s) underlying the characteristic configuration of neurodegeneration are unclear. Furthermore, the "prion-like" transmission from cell to cell prompts the suggestion that perhaps these α-synucleinopathies are prion-like diseases. The possibility of some underlying genetic foul play remains controversial. But as major culprits of pathological processes or even single triggers of PD and MSA are the same-like oxidative stress, iron-induced pathology, mitochondriopathy, loss of respiratory activity, loss of proteasomal function, microglial activation, neuroinflammation-it is not farfetched to assume that in sporadic PD and also in MSA a variety of combinations of susceptibility genes contribute to the regional specificity of pathological onset. These players of pathology, as mentioned above, in a synergistic combination, are responsible for driving the progression of PD, MSA and other neurodegenerative disorders. Elucidating the triggers and progression factors is vital for advocating disease modification or halting its progression in both, MSA and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Riederer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, J.B. Winslows Vey 18, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
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4
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Rademacher K, Doric Z, Haddad D, Mamaligas A, Liao SC, Creed RB, Kano K, Chatterton Z, Fu Y, Garcia JH, Vance V, Sei Y, Kreitzer A, Halliday GM, Nelson AB, Margolis EB, Nakamura K. Chronic hyperactivation of midbrain dopamine neurons causes preferential dopamine neuron degeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588321. [PMID: 38645054 PMCID: PMC11030348 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the death of substantia nigra (SNc) dopamine (DA) neurons, but the pathophysiological mechanisms that precede and drive their death remain unknown. The activity of DA neurons is likely altered in PD, but we understand little about if or how chronic changes in activity may contribute to degeneration. To address this question, we developed a chemogenetic (DREADD) mouse model to chronically increase DA neuron activity, and confirmed this increase using ex vivo electrophysiology. Chronic hyperactivation of DA neurons resulted in prolonged increases in locomotor activity during the light cycle and decreases during the dark cycle, consistent with chronic changes in DA release and circadian disturbances. We also observed early, preferential degeneration of SNc projections, recapitulating the PD hallmarks of selective vulnerability of SNc axons and the comparative resilience of ventral tegmental area axons. This was followed by eventual loss of midbrain DA neurons. Continuous DREADD activation resulted in a sustained increase in baseline calcium levels, supporting an important role for increased calcium in the neurodegeneration process. Finally, spatial transcriptomics from DREADD mice examining midbrain DA neurons and striatal targets, and cross-validation with human patient samples, provided insights into potential mechanisms of hyperactivity-induced toxicity and PD. Our results thus reveal the preferential vulnerability of SNc DA neurons to increased neural activity, and support a potential role for increased neural activity in driving degeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rademacher
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco , CA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Zak Doric
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco , CA
| | - Dominik Haddad
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
| | - Aphroditi Mamaligas
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
| | - Szu-Chi Liao
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Rose B. Creed
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kohei Kano
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Zac Chatterton
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuhong Fu
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph H. Garcia
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Victoria Vance
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Yoshitaka Sei
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Anatol Kreitzer
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco , CA
- UCSF Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, CA
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra B. Nelson
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco , CA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elyssa B. Margolis
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco , CA
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco , CA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
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5
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Gallagher E, Hou C, Zhu Y, Hsieh CJ, Lee H, Li S, Xu K, Henderson P, Chroneos R, Sheldon M, Riley S, Luk KC, Mach RH, McManus MJ. Positron Emission Tomography with [ 18F]ROStrace Reveals Progressive Elevations in Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model of Alpha-Synucleinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4943. [PMID: 38732162 PMCID: PMC11084161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The synucleinopathies are a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in vulnerable populations of brain cells. Oxidative stress is both a cause and a consequence of aSyn aggregation in the synucleinopathies; however, noninvasive methods for detecting oxidative stress in living animals have proven elusive. In this study, we used the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer [18F]ROStrace to detect increases in oxidative stress in the widely-used A53T mouse model of synucleinopathy. A53T-specific elevations in [18F]ROStrace signal emerged at a relatively early age (6-8 months) and became more widespread within the brain over time, a pattern which paralleled the progressive development of aSyn pathology and oxidative damage in A53T brain tissue. Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also caused rapid and long-lasting elevations in [18F]ROStrace signal in A53T mice, suggesting that chronic, aSyn-associated oxidative stress may render these animals more vulnerable to further inflammatory insult. Collectively, these results provide novel evidence that oxidative stress is an early and chronic process during the development of synucleinopathy and suggest that PET imaging with [18F]ROStrace holds promise as a means of detecting aSyn-associated oxidative stress noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Gallagher
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Catherine Hou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Patrick Henderson
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Rea Chroneos
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Malkah Sheldon
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Shaipreeah Riley
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Kelvin C. Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Meagan J. McManus
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
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6
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Mulholland MM, Stuifbergen A, De La Torre Schutz A, Franco Rocha OY, Blayney DW, Kesler SR. Evidence of compensatory neural hyperactivity in a subgroup of chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors and its association with brain aging. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.22.24306190. [PMID: 38712178 PMCID: PMC11071584 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.24306190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) remains poorly understood in terms of the mechanisms of cognitive decline. Neural hyperactivity has been reported on average in cancer survivors, but it is unclear which patients demonstrate this neurophenotype, limiting precision medicine in this population. We evaluated a retrospective sample of 80 breast cancer survivors and 80 non-cancer controls, age 35-73, for which we had previously identified and validated three data-driven, biological subgroups (biotypes) of CRCI. We measured neural activity using the z-normalized percent amplitude of fluctuation from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We tested established, quantitative criteria to determine if hyperactivity can accurately be considered compensatory. We also calculated brain age gap by applying a previously validated algorithm to anatomic MRI. We found that neural activity differed across the three CRCI biotypes and controls (F = 13.5, p < 0.001), with Biotype 2 demonstrating significant hyperactivity compared to the other groups (p < 0.004, corrected), primarily in prefrontal regions. Alternatively, Biotypes 1 and 3 demonstrated significant hypoactivity (p < 0.02, corrected). Hyperactivity in Biotype 2 met several of the criteria to be considered compensatory. However, we also found a positive relationship between neural activity and brain age gap in these patients (r = 0.45, p = 0.042). Our results indicated that neural hyperactivity is specific to a subgroup of breast cancer survivors and, while it seems to support preserved cognitive function, it could also increase the risk of accelerated brain aging. These findings could inform future neuromodulatory interventions with respect to the risks and benefits of up or downregulation of neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Mulholland
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Alexa Stuifbergen
- Division of Adult Health, School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Oscar Y Franco Rocha
- Division of Adult Health, School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Douglas W Blayney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shelli R Kesler
- Division of Adult Health, School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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7
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Rademacher K, Nakamura K. Role of dopamine neuron activity in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114645. [PMID: 38092187 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Neural activity is finely tuned to produce normal behaviors, and disruptions in activity likely occur early in the course of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, how neural activity is altered, and how these changes influence neurodegeneration is poorly understood. Here, we focus on evidence that the activity of dopamine neurons is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), either as a compensatory response to degeneration or as a result of circuit dynamics or pathologic proteins, based on available human data and studies in animal models of PD. We then discuss how this abnormal activity may augment other neurotoxic phenomena in PD, including mitochondrial deficits, protein aggregation and spread, dopamine toxicity, and excitotoxicity. A more complete picture of how activity is altered and the resulting effects on dopaminergic neuron health and function may inform future therapeutic interventions to target and protect dopamine neurons from degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rademacher
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA.
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8
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Huang J, Li W. Molecular crosstalk between circadian clock and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24752. [PMID: 38268831 PMCID: PMC10803942 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Research has recently found that both animal models and patients with PD have circadian dysfunction, accompanied by abnormal expression of circadian genes and proteins, which implies that the circadian clock plays a crucial role in PD etiopathogenesis. In addition, a strong relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and PD has been observed. Meanwhile, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is highly relevant to dysfunctions of the molecular clock. Therefore, alleviating the neuroinflammation caused by NLRP3 inflammasome signaling by adjusting the abnormal molecular clock may be a potential strategy for preventing and treating PD. In this article, we have reviewed the potential or direct relationship between abnormalities of the circadian clock and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Huang
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
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9
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Björklund A, Mattsson B. The AAV-α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson's Disease: An Update. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:1077-1094. [PMID: 39031386 PMCID: PMC11380285 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of α-synuclein using AAV vectors has over the two decades since its introduction developed into a versatile tool for modeling different aspects of synucleinopathy, mimicking those seen in Parkinson's disease and related Lewy body disorders. The viral vector approach to disease modeling is attractive in that the expression of α-synuclein, wild-type or mutated, can be confined to defined anatomical structures and targeted to selected cell populations using either cell-type specific promoter constructs or different natural or engineered AAV serotypes. AAV-α-synuclein was initially used to model progressive α-synuclein pathology in nigral dopamine neurons, and, like the standard 6-OHDA model, it has most commonly been applied unilaterally, using the non-injected side as a reference and control. In recent years, however, the AAV-α-synuclein model has become more widely used to induce Parkinson-like synuclein pathology in other relevant neuronal systems, such as the brainstem noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons, the vagal motor neurons, as well as in oligodendrocytes, the prime target relevant to the pathology seen in multiple system atrophy. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the progress made in the use of the AAV-α-synuclein model over the last two decades and summarize the state-of-the art in the use of the AAV-α-synuclein model for disease modeling in rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Björklund
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Mattsson
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Ruan Y, Cheng J, Dai J, Ma Z, Luo S, Yan R, Wang L, Zhou J, Yu B, Tong X, Shen H, Zhou L, Yuan TF, Han Q. Chronic stress hinders sensory axon regeneration via impairing mitochondrial cristae and OXPHOS. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0183. [PMID: 37801508 PMCID: PMC10558127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to physical limitations, persistent pain, and major lifestyle shifts, enhancing the likelihood of prolonged psychological stress and associated disorders such as anxiety and depression. The mechanisms linking stress with regeneration remain elusive, despite understanding the detrimental impact of chronic stress on SCI recovery. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic stress on primary sensory axon regeneration using a preconditioning lesions mouse model. Our data revealed that chronic stress-induced mitochondrial cristae loss and a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) within primary sensory neurons, impeding central axon regrowth. Corticosterone, a stress hormone, emerged as a pivotal player in this process, affecting satellite glial cells by reducing Kir4.1 expression. This led to increased neuronal hyperactivity and reactive oxygen species levels, which, in turn, deformed mitochondrial cristae and impaired OXPHOS, crucial for axonal regeneration. Our study underscores the need to manage psychological stress in patients with SCI for effective sensory-motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ruan
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jiafeng Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhengwen Ma
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Run Yan
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jinrui Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoping Tong
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qi Han
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Shishido R, Kunii Y, Hino M, Izumi R, Nagaoka A, Hayashi H, Kakita A, Tomita H, Yabe H. Evidence for increased DNA damage repair in the postmortem brain of the high stress-response group of schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1183696. [PMID: 37674553 PMCID: PMC10478254 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1183696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is a disorder diagnosed by specific symptoms and duration and is highly heterogeneous, clinically and pathologically. Although there are an increasing number of studies on the association between genetic and environmental factors in the development of SZ, the actual distribution of the population with different levels of influence of these factors has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we focused on stress as an environmental factor and stratified SZ based on the expression levels of stress-responsive molecules in the postmortem prefrontal cortex. Methods We selected the following stress-responsive molecules: interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, glucocorticoid receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synaptophysin, S100 calcium-binding protein B, superoxide dismutase, postsynaptic density protein 95, synuclein, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoA2, and solute carrier family 6 member 4. We performed RNA sequencing in the prefrontal gray matter of 25 SZ cases and 21 healthy controls and conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis of SZ based on the gene expression levels of stress-responsive molecules, which yielded two clusters. After assessing the validity of the clusters, they were designated as the high stress-response SZ group and the low stress-response SZ group, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between clusters was performed, and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was conducted on four cases each in the high and low stress-response SZ groups to validate DNA damage. Results We found higher prevalence of family history of SZ in the low stress-response SZ group (0/3 vs. 5/4, p = 0.04). Pathway analysis of DEGs between clusters showed the highest enrichment for DNA double-strand break repair. TUNEL staining showed a trend toward a lower percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the high stress-response SZ group. Conclusion Our results suggest that there are subgroups of SZ with different degrees of stress impact. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of these subgroups may be associated with DNA damage repair. These results provide new insights into the interactions and heterogeneity between genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Interneuronal In Vivo Transfer of Synaptic Proteins. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040569. [PMID: 36831238 PMCID: PMC9954582 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron-to-neuron transfer of pathogenic α-synuclein species is a mechanism of likely relevance to Parkinson's disease development. Experimentally, interneuronal α-synuclein spreading from the low brainstem toward higher brain regions can be reproduced by the administration of AAV vectors encoding for α-synuclein into the mouse vagus nerve. The aim of this study was to determine whether α-synuclein's spreading ability is shared by other proteins. Given α-synuclein synaptic localization, experiments involved intravagal injections of AAVs encoding for other synaptic proteins, β-synuclein, VAMP2, or SNAP25. Administration of AAV-VAMP2 or AAV-SNAP25 caused robust transduction of either of the proteins in the dorsal medulla oblongata but was not followed by interneuronal VAMP2 or SNAP25 transfer and caudo-rostral spreading. In contrast, AAV-mediated β-synuclein overexpression triggered its spreading to more frontal brain regions. The aggregate formation was investigated as a potential mechanism involved in protein spreading, and consistent with this hypothesis, results showed that overexpression of β-synuclein, but not VAMP2 or SNAP25, in the dorsal medulla oblongata was associated with pronounced protein aggregation. Data indicate that interneuronal protein transfer is not a mere consequence of increased expression or synaptic localization. It is rather promoted by structural/functional characteristics of synuclein proteins that likely include their tendency to form aggregate species.
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Pinto-Costa R, Harbachova E, La Vitola P, Di Monte DA. Overexpression-Induced α-Synuclein Brain Spreading. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:83-96. [PMID: 36512255 PMCID: PMC10119350 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interneuronal transfer of pathological α-synuclein species is thought to play an important role in the progressive advancement of Lewy pathology and increasing severity of clinical manifestations in Parkinson's and other diseases commonly referred to as synucleinopathies. Pathophysiological conditions and mechanisms triggering this trans-synaptic spreading bear therefore significant pathogenetic implications but have yet to be fully elucidated. In vivo experimental models support the conclusion that increased expression of intraneuronal α-synuclein can itself induce protein spreading throughout the brain as well as from the brain to peripheral tissues. For example, overexpression of α-synuclein targeted to the rodent dorsal medulla oblongata results in its transfer and accumulation into recipient axons innervating this brain region; through these axons, α-synuclein can then travel caudo-rostrally and reach other brain sites in the pons, midbrain, and forebrain. When protein overexpression is induced in the rodent midbrain, long-distance α-synuclein spreading can be followed over time; spreading-induced α-synuclein accumulation affects lower brain regions, including the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, proceeds through efferent axons of the vagus nerve, and is ultimately detected within vagal motor nerve endings in the gastric wall. As discussed in this review, animal models featuring α-synuclein overexpression not only support a relationship between α-synuclein burden and protein spreading but have also provided important clues on conditions/mechanisms capable of promoting interneuronal α-synuclein transfer. Intriguing findings include the relationship between neuronal activity and protein spreading and the role of oxidant stress in trans-synaptic α-synuclein mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pinto-Costa
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Eugenia Harbachova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Pietro La Vitola
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Donato A Di Monte
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, Bonn, 53127, Germany.
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