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Feggeler T, Meckenstock R, Strusch T, Efremova MV, Farle M, Wiedwald U. An Ultrasensitive Molecular Detector for Direct Sensing of Spin Currents at Room Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39319781 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The experimental analysis of pure spin currents at interfaces is one major goal in the field of magnonics and spintronics. Complementary to the established Spin-Hall effect using the spin-to-charge conversion in heavy metals for information processing, we present a novel approach based on spin pumping detection by an interfacial, resonantly excited molecular paramagnet adsorbed to the surface of the spin current generating magnet. Here, we show that the sensitivity of this electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detector can be enhanced by orders of magnitude through intramolecular transfer of spin polarization at room temperature. Our proof-of-principle sample consists of octahedral-shaped ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles covered by oleic acid (OA) which has two paramagnetic centers, S1 and S2. S1 arises from the chemisorption of OA and is located directly at the interface to Fe3O4. S2 originates from radical formation at the center of the molecule close to the double bond of oleic acid and is not influenced by chemisorption. Using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) excitation of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles to pump spins into S1, a population inversion of the spin-split levels of S2 is formed, vastly enhancing the detection sensitivity on the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Feggeler
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ralf Meckenstock
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Tanja Strusch
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Maria V Efremova
- Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB 5600, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Farle
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Ulf Wiedwald
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
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Cheng Q, Ge Y, Lin B, Zhou L, Mao H, Zhao J. Capacitive Bionic Magnetic Sensors Based on One-Step Biointerface Preparation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6789-6798. [PMID: 38297999 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic biomolecule-based bionic magnetic field sensors are anticipated to open up novel pathways for magnetic field detection. The detection range and accuracy of current bionic magnetic field sensors are limited, and little work is based on the capacitive response principle. We successfully developed a biochemical interface with an extralarge target-receptor size ratio, which can be manufactured in a single step for weak magnetic field detection across a wide frequency range, and we used electrochemical capacitance as a magnetic field change conduction strategy. The thickness-controllable nanoscale bovine serum albumin/graphene layer on an indium tin oxide working electrode combines with the one-step preparation method to immobilize the MagR/Cry4 complex. This capacitive bionic magnetic sensor can achieve the detection range of 0-120 mT. This biointerface design strategy obtains the further improvement of the performance of this bionic magnetic field sensor. Furthermore, the biointerface construction and optimization methodology in this proposal has potential applications in the design of other medical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuqing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Bo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Luo T, Hahl FA, Langer J, Cimalla V, Lindner L, Vidal X, Haertelt M, Blinder R, Onoda S, Ohshima T, Jeske J. Absorption and birefringence study for reduced optical losses in diamond with high nitrogen-vacancy concentration. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20220314. [PMID: 38043573 PMCID: PMC10693980 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of diamond colour centres such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre is increasingly enabling quantum sensing and computing applications. Novel concepts like cavity coupling and readout, laser-threshold magnetometry and multi-pass geometries allow significantly improved sensitivity and performance via increased signals and strong light fields. Enabling material properties for these techniques and their further improvements are low optical material losses via optical absorption of signal light and low birefringence. Here, we study systematically the behaviour of absorption around 700 nm and birefringence with increasing nitrogen- and NV-doping, as well as their behaviour during NV creation via diamond growth, electron beam irradiation and annealing treatments. Absorption correlates with increased nitrogen doping yet substitutional nitrogen does not seem to be the direct absorber. Birefringence reduces with increasing nitrogen doping. We identify multiple crystal defect concentrations via absorption spectroscopy and their changes during the material processing steps and thus identify potential causes of absorption and birefringence as well as strategies to fabricate chemical vapour deposition diamonds with high NV density yet low absorption and low birefringence. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Diamond for quantum applications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingpeng Luo
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix A. Hahl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Langer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker Cimalla
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Lindner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Vidal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marko Haertelt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Remi Blinder
- Institut für Quantenoptik, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Shinobu Onoda
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Jan Jeske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Wu H, Yang S, Oxborrow M, Jiang M, Zhao Q, Budker D, Zhang B, Du J. Enhanced quantum sensing with room-temperature solid-state masers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade1613. [PMID: 36449621 PMCID: PMC9710876 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum sensing with solid-state electron spin systems finds broad applications in diverse areas ranging from material and biomedical sciences to fundamental physics. Exploiting collective behavior of noninteracting spins holds the promise of pushing the detection limit to even lower levels, while to date, those levels are scarcely reached because of the broadened linewidth and inefficient readout of solid-state spin ensembles. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that such drawbacks can be overcome by a reborn maser technology at room temperature in the solid state. Owing to maser action, we observe a fourfold reduction in the electron paramagnetic resonance linewidth of an inhomogeneously broadened molecular spin ensemble, which is narrower than the same measured from single spins at cryogenic temperatures. The maser-based readout applied to near zero-field magnetometry showcases the measurement signal-to-noise ratio of 133 for single shots. This technique would be an important addition to the toolbox for boosting the sensitivity of solid-state ensemble spin sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mark Oxborrow
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Min Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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