1
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Creazzo F, Luber S. Water-air interface revisited by means of path-integral ab initio molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21290-21302. [PMID: 39078670 PMCID: PMC11305098 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Although nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) have been considered on bulk liquid water, the impact of these latter on the air-water interface has not yet been reported. Herein, by performing and comparing ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and path integral AIMD (PI-AIMD) simulations, we reveal the impact of NQEs on structural, dynamical and electronic properties as well as IR spectra of the air-water interface at room temperature. NQEs, being able to describe a more accurate proton delocalization in H-bonded system than AIMD, reveal a different structural arrangement and dynamical behaviour of both bulk and interfacial water molecules in comparison to AIMD results. A more de-structured and de-bound water arrangement and coordination are identified when the quantum nature of nuclei are considered for both bulk and interfacial water molecules. Structural properties, such as inter-/intra-molecular bond lengths, coordination numbers and H-bonding angles of bulk and interfacial water molecules here calculated, are affected by NQEs mitigating the overstructured description given by AIMD. Further evidences of an AIMD overstructured description of bulk water are in the computed IR spectra, where an increased absorption peak intensity and an increased strength of the hydrogen-bond network are alleviated by NQEs. In addition, NQEs show a valuable impact on the electronic structure of the air-water interface, reducing the total valence bandwidth and the electronic energy band-gap when passing from bulk to interfacial water. This work proves how NQEs significantly affect properties and features of the air-water interface, that are essential to accurately describe H-bonded interfacial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Creazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Stanimirova I, Rich DQ, Russell AG, Hopke PK. Spatial variability of pollution source contributions during two (2012-2013 and 2018-2019) sampling campaigns at ten sites in Los Angeles basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 354:124244. [PMID: 38810681 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the spatial variability of PM2.5 source contributions across ten sites located in the South Coast Air Basin, California. Eight pollution sources and their contributions were obtained using positive matrix factorization (PMF) from the PM2.5 compositional data collected during the two sampling campaigns (2012/13 and 2018/19) of the Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study (MATES). The identified sources were "gasoline vehicles", "aged sea salt", "biomass burning", "secondary nitrate", "secondary sulfate", "diesel vehicles", "soil/road dust" and "OP-rich". Among them, "gasoline vehicle" was the largest contributor to the PM2.5 mass. The spatial distributions of source contributions to PM2.5 at the sites were characterized by the Pearson correlation coefficients as well as coefficients of determination and divergence. The highest spatial variability was found for the contributions from the "OP-rich" source in both MATES campaigns suggesting varying influences of the wildfires in the Los Angeles Basin. Alternatively, the smallest spatial variabilities were observed for the contributions of the "secondary sulfate" and "aged sea salt" sources resolved for the MATES campaign in 2012/13. The "soil/road dust" contributions of the sites from the 2018/19 campaign were also highly correlated. Compared to the other sites, the source contribution patterns observed for Inland Valley and Rubidoux were the most diverse from the others likely due to their remote locations from the other sites, the major urban area, and the Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stanimirova
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, 40-006, Poland; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Institute for Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
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3
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Cao Y, Liu J, Ma Q, Zhang C, Zhang P, Chen T, Wang Y, Chu B, Zhang X, Francisco JS, He H. Photoactivation of Chlorine and Its Catalytic Role in the Formation of Sulfate Aerosols. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1467-1475. [PMID: 38186050 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel mechanism for the formation of photocatalytic oxidants in deliquescent NaCl particles, which can greatly promote the multiphase photo-oxidation of SO2 to produce sulfate. The photoexcitation of the [Cl--H3O+-O2] complex leads to the generation of Cl and OH radicals, which is the key reason for enhancing aqueous-phase oxidation and accelerating SO2 oxidation. The mass normalization rate of sulfate production from the multiphase photoreaction of SO2 on NaCl droplets could be estimated to be 0.80 × 10-4 μg·h-1 at 72% RH and 1.33 × 10-4 μg·h-1 at 81% RH, which is equivalent to the known O3 liquid-phase oxidation mechanism. Our findings highlight the significance of multiphase photo-oxidation of SO2 on NaCl particles as a non-negligible source of sulfate in coastal areas. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of Cl- photochemistry in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Cao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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4
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Wang S, Zhang Q, Wang W, Wang Q. Unexpected enhancement of sulfuric acid-driven new particle formation by alcoholic amines: The role of ion-induced nucleation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119079. [PMID: 37748297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) contributes more than half of the global aerosol. Diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) are the most common amines used to remove CO2 and H2S, which are lost to the atmosphere from CO2 chemical absorbers, livestock and consumer products and are involved in sulfuric acid (SA)-driven NPF. Ion-induced nucleation (IIN) is an important nucleation pathway for NPF. We investigated the role of IIN on DEA and MDEA enhancing SA-driven NPF using density functional method (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and atmospheric cluster dynamics code (ACDC). The effects of SO42-, H3O+, NH4+, HSO4-, NO3-, ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine and water (W) on the nucleation of SA-DEA were further investigated. The enhancement ability of DEA is greater than that of dimethylamine (DMA) and MDEA. Participation in SA-based NPF is a removal pathway for DEA and MDEA. DEA-SA clusters are generated that not only aggregate DEA and SA molecules, but also increase further growth of atmospheric ions. The very low Gibbs formation free energy highlights the importance of ion-induced nucleation for SA-based NPF. The order of the ability of common atmospheric ions to increase the (SA)(DEA) cluster nucleation is SO42- > H3O+ > NH4+ > HSO4- > NO3-. The addition of 20 water molecules increases the (SA)(DEA)9 cluster from 1.882 nm to 2.053 nm, promoting SA-based NPF. The atmospheric ions accelerate the aggregation rate of the (SA)5(DEA)5 cluster within 15 ns?
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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5
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Yu C, Liu T, Ge D, Nie W, Chi X, Ding A. Ionic Strength Enhances the Multiphase Oxidation Rate of Sulfur Dioxide by Ozone in Aqueous Aerosols: Implications for Sulfate Production in the Marine Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6609-6615. [PMID: 37040454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) by ozone (O3) in alkaline sea salt aerosols is an important source of sulfate aerosols in the marine atmosphere. However, a recently reported low pH of fresh supermicron sea spray aerosols (mainly sea salt) would argue against the importance of this mechanism. Here, we investigated the impact of ionic strength on the kinetics of multiphase oxidation of SO2 by O3 in proxies of aqueous acidified sea salt aerosols with buffered pH of ∼4.0 via well-controlled flow tube experiments. We find that the sulfate formation rate for the O3 oxidation pathway proceeds 7.9 to 233 times faster under high ionic strength conditions of 2-14 mol kg-1 compared to the dilute bulk solutions. The ionic strength effect is likely to sustain the importance of multiphase oxidation of SO2 by O3 in sea salt aerosols in the marine atmosphere. Our results indicate that atmospheric models should consider the ionic strength effects on the multiphase oxidation of SO2 by O3 in sea salt aerosols to improve the predictions of the sulfate formation rate and the sulfate aerosol budget in the marine atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tengyu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dafeng Ge
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Guo W, Zhang X, Huang Y, He E, Li R, Yan B, Wang H, Mei F, Liu M, Zhu Z. Molecular Imaging Reveals Two Distinct Mixing States of PM 2.5 Particles Sampled in a Typical Beijing Winter Pollution Case. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6273-6283. [PMID: 37022139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mixing states of aerosol particles are crucial for understanding the role of aerosols in influencing air quality and climate. However, a fundamental understanding of the complex mixing states is still lacking because most traditional analysis techniques only reveal bulk chemical and physical properties with limited surface and 3-D information. In this research, 3-D molecular imaging enabled by ToF-SIMS was used to elucidate the mixing states of PM2.5 samples obtained from a typical Beijing winter haze event. In light pollution cases, a thin organic layer covers separated inorganic particles; while in serious pollution cases, ion exchange and an organic-inorganic mixing surface on large-area particles were observed. The new results provide key 3-D molecular information of mixing states, which is highly potential for reducing uncertainty and bias in representing aerosol-cloud interactions in current Earth System Models and improving the understanding of aerosols on air quality and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Wenxiao Guo
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Erkai He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Runkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Fan Mei
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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7
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Chan AWH, Yao M, Chen Z, Abbatt JPD. Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1635-1679. [PMID: 36630720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides (POs) are organic molecules with one or more peroxide (-O-O-) functional groups. POs are commonly regarded as chemically labile termination products from gas-phase radical chemistry and therefore serve as temporary reservoirs for oxidative radicals (HOx and ROx) in the atmosphere. Owing to their ubiquity, active gas-particle partitioning behavior, and reactivity, POs are key reactive intermediates in atmospheric multiphase processes determining the life cycle (formation, growth, and aging), climate, and health impacts of aerosol. However, there remain substantial gaps in the origin, molecular diversity, and fate of POs due to their complex nature and dynamic behavior. Here, we summarize the current understanding on atmospheric POs, with a focus on their identification and quantification, state-of-the-art analytical developments, molecular-level formation mechanisms, multiphase chemical transformation pathways, as well as environmental and health impacts. We find that interactions with SO2 and transition metal ions are generally the fast PO transformation pathways in atmospheric liquid water, with lifetimes estimated to be minutes to hours, while hydrolysis is particularly important for α-substituted hydroperoxides. Meanwhile, photolysis and thermolysis are likely minor sinks for POs. These multiphase PO transformation pathways are distinctly different from their gas-phase fates, such as photolysis and reaction with OH radicals, which highlights the need to understand the multiphase partitioning of POs. By summarizing the current advances and remaining challenges for the investigation of POs, we propose future research priorities regarding their origin, fate, and impacts in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Min Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
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8
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Mirrielees J, Kirpes RM, Haas SM, Rauschenberg CD, Matrai PA, Remenapp A, Boschi VL, Grannas AM, Pratt KA, Ault AP. Probing Individual Particles Generated at the Freshwater-Seawater Interface through Combined Raman, Photothermal Infrared, and X-ray Spectroscopic Characterization. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:605-619. [PMID: 36589347 PMCID: PMC9793585 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) is one of the largest global sources of atmospheric aerosol, but little is known about SSA generated in coastal regions with salinity gradients near estuaries and river outflows. SSA particles are chemically complex with substantial particle-to-particle variability due to changes in water temperature, salinity, and biological activity. In previous studies, the ability to resolve the aerosol composition to the level of individual particles has proven necessary for the accurate parameterization of the direct and indirect aerosol effects; therefore, measurements of individual SSA particles are needed for the characterization of this large source of atmospheric aerosol. An integrated analytical measurement approach is required to probe the chemical composition of individual SSA particles. By combining complementary vibrational microspectroscopic (Raman and optical photothermal infrared, O-PTIR) measurements with elemental information from computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (CCSEM-EDX), we gained unique insights into the individual particle chemical composition and morphology. Herein, we analyzed particles from four experiments on laboratory-based SSA production using coastal seawater collected in January 2018 from the Gulf of Maine. Individual salt particles were enriched in organics compared to that in natural seawater, both with and without added microalgal filtrate, with greater enrichment observed for smaller particle sizes, as evidenced by higher carbon/sodium ratios. Functional group analysis was carried out using the Raman and infrared spectra collected from individual SSA particles. Additionally, the Raman spectra were compared with a library of Raman spectra consisting of marine-derived organic compounds. Saccharides, followed by fatty acids, were the dominant components of the organic coatings surrounding the salt cores of these particles. This combined Raman, infrared, and X-ray spectroscopic approach will enable further understanding of the factors determining the individual particle composition, which is important for understanding the impacts of SSA produced within estuaries and river outflows, as well as areas of snow and ice melt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
A. Mirrielees
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel M. Kirpes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Savannah M. Haas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | | | - Patricia A. Matrai
- Bigelow
Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - Allison Remenapp
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Vanessa L. Boschi
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Amanda M. Grannas
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Kerri A. Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Jing X, Chen Z, Huang Q, Liu P, Zhang YH. Spatiotemporally Resolved pH Measurement in Aerosol Microdroplets Undergoing Chloride Depletion: An Application of In Situ Raman Microspectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15132-15138. [PMID: 36251492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acidity is a defining property of atmospheric aerosols that profoundly affects environmental systems, human health, and climate. However, directly measuring the pH of aerosol microdroplets remains a challenge, especially when the microdroplets' composition is nonhomogeneous or dynamically evolving or both. As a result, a pH measurement technique with high spatiotemporal resolution is needed. Here, we report a spatiotemporally resolved pH measurement technique in microdroplets using spontaneous Raman spectroscopy. Our target sample was the microdroplets comprising sodium chloride and oxalic acid─laboratory surrogates of sea spray aerosols and water-soluble organic compounds, respectively. Our measurements show that the chloride depletion from the microdroplets caused a continuous increase in pH by ∼0.5 units in 2 hours. Meanwhile, the surface propensity of chloride anions triggers a stable pH gradient inside a single droplet, with the pH at the droplet surface lower than that at the core by ∼ 0.4 units. The uncertainties arising from the Raman detection limit (±0.08 pH units) and from the nonideal solution conditions (-0.06 pH units) are constrained. Our findings indicate that spontaneous Raman spectroscopy is a simple yet robust technique for precise pH measurement in aerosols with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Jing
- Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Qishen Huang
- Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16801, United States
| | - Pai Liu
- Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
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10
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Heikkilä P, Rostedt A, Toivonen J, Keskinen J. Elemental analysis of single ambient aerosol particles using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14657. [PMID: 36038603 PMCID: PMC9421112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysing the composition of aerosol particles is essential when studying their health effects, sources and atmospheric impacts. In many environments the relevant particles occur in very low concentrations, meaning that their analysis requires efficient single particle techniques. Here we introduce a novel method to analyse the elemental composition of single aerosol particles sampled directly from the aerosol phase using size amplification aided aerosol charging (SAAC), linear electrodynamic quadrupole (LEQ) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. We present results of the charging and focusing efficiencies of the SAAC and of the LEQ, and a proof-of-concept of the analysis method. The proof-of-concept test series was conducted with particle diameters down to 300 nm, sampled directly from the aerosol phase. The method shows unprecedented performance for spectroscopic submicron particle analysis from arbitrarily low concentrations and has exceptional potential for a portable analysis platform for various applications in the field of aerosol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paavo Heikkilä
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33100, Tampere, Finland.
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33100, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Antti Rostedt
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33100, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Toivonen
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33100, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Keskinen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33100, Tampere, Finland.
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11
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Odendahl NL, Geissler PL. Local Ice-like Structure at the Liquid Water Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11178-11188. [PMID: 35696525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Experiments and computer simulations have established that liquid water's surfaces can deviate in important ways from familiar bulk behavior. Even in the simplest case of an air-water interface, distinctive layering, orientational biases, and hydrogen bond arrangements have been reported, but an overarching picture of their origins and relationships has been incomplete. Here we show that a broad set of such observations can be understood through an analogy with the basal face of crystalline ice. Using simulations, we demonstrate a number of structural similarities between water and ice surfaces, suggesting the presence of domains at the air-water interface with ice-like features that persist over 2-3 molecular diameters. Most prominent is a shared characteristic layering of molecular density and orientation perpendicular to the interface. Lateral correlations of hydrogen bond network geometry point to structural similarities in the parallel direction as well. Our results bolster and significantly extend previous conceptions of ice-like structure at the liquid's boundary and suggest that the much-discussed quasi-liquid layer on ice evolves subtly above the melting point into a quasi-ice layer at the surface of liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Odendahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phillip L Geissler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Corral Arroyo P, David G, Alpert PA, Parmentier EA, Ammann M, Signorell R. Amplification of light within aerosol particles accelerates in-particle photochemistry. Science 2022; 376:293-296. [PMID: 35420964 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm7915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical confinement (OC) structures the optical field and amplifies light intensity inside atmospheric aerosol particles, with major consequences for sunlight-driven aerosol chemistry. Although theorized, the OC-induced spatial structuring has so far defied experimental observation. Here, x-ray spectromicroscopic imaging complemented by modeling provides direct evidence for OC-induced patterning inside photoactive particles. Single iron(III)-citrate particles were probed using the iron oxidation state as a photochemical marker. Based on these results, we predict an overall acceleration of photochemical reactions by a factor of two to three for most classes of atmospheric aerosol particles. Rotation of free aerosol particles and intraparticle molecular transport generally accelerate the photochemistry. Given the prevalence of OC effects, their influence on aerosol particle photochemistry should be considered by atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Corral Arroyo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Grégory David
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter A Alpert
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Evelyne A Parmentier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Yen PH, Yuan CS, Wu CH, Yeh MJ, Tseng YL, Soong KY. Transport route-based cluster analysis of chemical fingerprints and source origins of marine fine particles (PM 2.5) in South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150591. [PMID: 34597580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fingerprints and source origins of marine PM2.5 at two background islands in the South China Sea were clustered via trajectory analysis and positive matrix factorization. High PM2.5 concentrations at the Dongsha Islands occurred for the north routes, while Nansha Islands had similar PM2.5 concentrations amongst the transport routes. However, the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 varied with the transport routes. Secondary inorganic aerosols (NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+) were abundant in water-soluble ions which dominated PM2.5. Crustal metals were the abundant metals in PM2.5, while trace metals were primarily originated from man-made sources. Organic carbon was superior to elemental carbon, and high concentrations of levoglucosan and organic acids were observed for the north routes. Overall, marine PM2.5 at the Dongsha Islands was highly influenced by long-range transport of Asian continental outflows, while particulate air quality at the Nansha Islands was mainly governed by clean air parcels blown from the SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Yen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC; Aeroaol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chien-Hsing Wu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Jie Yeh
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ker-Yea Soong
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun-Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Cai T, Chen X, Tang H, Zhou W, Wu Y, Zhao C. Unraveling the disparity of CO2 sorption on alkali carbonates under high humidity. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Chen Z, Liu P, Liu Y, Zhang YH. Strong Acids or Bases Displaced by Weak Acids or Bases in Aerosols: Reactions Driven by the Continuous Partitioning of Volatile Products into the Gas Phase. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3667-3678. [PMID: 34569236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aerosols are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and profoundly affect climate systems and human health. To gain more insights on their broad impacts, we need to comprehensively understand the fundamental properties of atmospheric aerosols. Since aerosols are multiphase, a dispersion of condensed matter (solid particles or liquid droplets, hereafter particles) in gas, partitioning of volatile matter between the condensed and the gas phases is one defining characteristic of aerosols. For example, water content partitioning under different relative humidity conditions, known as aerosol hygroscopicity, has been extensively investigated in the past decades. Meanwhile, partitioning of volatile organic or inorganic components, which is referred to as aerosol volatility, remains understudied. Commonly, a bulk solution system is treated as a single phase, with volatility mainly determined by the nature of its components, and the composition partitioning between solution and gas phase is limited. Aerosols, however, comprise an extensive gas phase, and their volatility can also be induced by component reactions. These reactions occurring within aerosols are driven by the formation of volatile products and their continuous partitioning into the gas phase. As a consequence, the overall aerosol systems exhibit prominent volatility. Noteworthily, such volatility induced by reactions is a phenomenon exclusively observed in the multiphase aerosol systems, and it is trivial in bulk solutions due to the limited extent of liquid-gas partitioning. Take the chloride depletion in sea salt particles as an example. Recent findings have revealed that chloride depletion can be caused by reactions between NaCl and weak organic acids, which release HCl into the gas phase. Such a reaction can be described as a strong acid displaced by a weak acid, which is hardly observed in bulk phase. Generally, this unique partitioning behavior of aerosol systems and its potential to alter aerosol composition, size, reactivity, and other physicochemical properties merits more attention by atmospheric community.This Account focuses on the recent advancements in the research of component reactions that induce aerosol volatility. These reactions can be categorized into four types: chloride depletion, nitrate depletion, ammonium depletion, and salt hydrolysis. The depletion of chloride or nitrate can be regarded as a displacement reaction, in which a strong acid is displaced by a weak acid. Such a reaction releases highly volatile HCl or HNO3 into the gas phase and leads to a loss of chloride or nitrate within the particles. Likewise, ammonium depletion is a displacement reaction in which a strong base is displaced by a weak base, resulting in release of ammonia and substantial changes in aerosol hygroscopicity. In addition, aerosol volatility can also be induced by salt hydrolysis in a specific case, which is sustained by the coexistence of proton acceptor and hydroxide ion acceptor within particles. Furthermore, we quantitatively discuss these displacement reactions from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives, by using the extended aerosol inorganic model (E-AIM) and Maxwell steady-state diffusive mass transfer equation, respectively. Given the ubiquity of component partitioning in aerosol systems, our discussion may provide a new perspective on the underlying mechanisms of aerosol aging and relevant climate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Pai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, United States
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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Chen L, Kong L, Tong S, Yang K, Jin S, Wang C, Xia L, Wang L. Aqueous phase oxidation of bisulfite influenced by nitrate and its photolysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147345. [PMID: 33940423 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate aerosol is ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Nitrate in the particulate and aqueous phase can affect various atmospheric chemical processes through its hygroscopicity and photolysis. The impacts of nitrate photolysis on the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 have been attracting attention. However, the influence of nitrate on heterogeneous aqueous phase formation of atmospheric sulfate aerosol is still not very clear. In this study, the effects of nitrate on aqueous phase oxidation of bisulfite under different conditions were investigated. Results show that nitrate photolysis can promote the oxidation of bisulfite to sulfate, especially in the presence of O2. It is found that pH plays a significant role in the reaction, and ammonium sulfate has significant impacts on the enhancement of aqueous phase sulfate production through regulating the pH of solution. An apparent synergism is found among halogen chemistry, nitrate and its photochemistry and S (IV) aqueous oxidation, especially the oxidation of halide ions by nitrate and its photolysis and by the intermediate products produced by the free radical chain oxidation of S (IV) in acidic solution, leading to the coupling of the redox cycle of halogen with the oxidation of bisulfite, which promotes the continuous aqueous oxidation of bisulfite and the formation of sulfate. In addition, the role of nitrate itself in the aqueous phase oxidation of bisulfite is revealed. These results provide a new insight into the heterogeneous aqueous phase oxidation pathways and mechanisms of SO2 in cloud and fog droplets and haze particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, No.3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Songying Tong
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kejing Yang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shengyan Jin
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lianghai Xia
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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17
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Rahim HA, Khan MF, Ibrahim ZF, Shoaib A, Suradi H, Mohyeddin N, Samah AA, Yusoff S. Coastal meteorology on the dispersion of air particles at the Bachok GAW Station. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146783. [PMID: 33838363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Meteorology over coastal region is a driving factor to the concentration of air particles and reactive gases. This study aims to conduct a research to determine the level of year-round air particles and the interaction of the meteorological driving factors with the particle number and mass in 2018, which is moderately influenced by Southeast Asian haze. We obtained the measurement data for particle number count (PNC), mass, reactive gases, and meteorological factors from a Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station located at Bachok Marine Research Center, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia. For various timeseries and correlation analyses, a 60-second resolution of the data has been averaged hourly and daily and visualized further. Our results showed the slight difference in particle behavior that is either measured by unit mass or number count at the study area. Diurnal variations showed that particles were generally high during morning and night periods. Spike was observed in August for PM2.5/PNC2.5 and PM10/PNC10 and in November for PMCoarse/PNCCoarse. From a polar plot, the particles came from two distinct sources (e.g., seaside and roadside) at the local scale. Regional wind vector shows two distinct wind-blown directions from northeast and southwest. The air mases were transported from northeast (e.g., Philippines, mainland China, and Taiwan) or southwest (e.g., Sumatra) region. Correlation analysis shows that relative humidity, wind direction, and pressure influence the increase in particles, whereas negative correlation with temperature is observed, and wind speed may have a potential role on the decline of particle concentration. The particles at the study area was highly influenced by the changes in regional wind direction and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haasyimah Ab Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Zul Fadhli Ibrahim
- Environment Unit, Mineral Research Centre, Minerals and Geoscience Department, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Asadullah Shoaib
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamidah Suradi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraini Mohyeddin
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Environmental (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Azizan A Samah
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Environmental (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sumiani Yusoff
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Environmental (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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18
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Yuan CS, Lai CS, Tseng YL, Hsu PC, Lin CM, Cheng FJ. Repeated exposure to fine particulate matter constituents lead to liver inflammation and proliferative response in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112636. [PMID: 34392150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of ≦2.5 µm, PM2.5) exposure cause adverse health effects, including lung inflammation. Through intra-tracheal instillation of PM2.5 components, the study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory and proliferative effects on mice liver. PM2.5 samples were collected near an industrial complex at southern Taiwan. Mice were exposed to water extracts or insoluble particles by intra-tracheal instillation. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: control, low dose insoluble particle exposure (LP), high dose insoluble particle exposure (HP), low dose water extract exposure (LW), and high dose water extract exposure (HW). Biochemical analysis, western blotting, histological examination, and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate the results. RESULT Enrichment factor (EF) of metallic elements showed that the EFs of trace elements (Ti, V, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cu) in PM2.5 were above 10. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the liver tissue showed inflammatory infiltration in particle exposure group; hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and karyomegaly were seen in the water extract exposure group. Upregulation of inflammatory signaling, p65 and p50, and caspase-3 (an important effector involved in apoptosis) positive hepatocytes was significantly increased in the HP group, followed by an elevation in protein levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153). Increased protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was noted in the LW and HW groups. An increase in phosphorylation of regulators of cell proliferation, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, were detected in the LW and HW groups. CONCLUSION The present study shows that the insoluble particle composition of PM2.5 induced inflammatory signaling and cytokines upregulation in the liver, accompanied with inflammatory cell and macrophage infiltration and an abnormal liver function. Exposure of water extract to PM2.5 induced signals of upregulated cellular proliferation, elevated markers of cell proliferation in liver, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and karyomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC; Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81164, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Departme nt of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi, Chiayi County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
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19
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Du CY, Wang W, Wang N, Pang SF, Zhang YH. Impact of ambient relative humidity and acidity on chemical composition evolution for malonic acid/calcium nitrate mixed particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130140. [PMID: 33690047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical compositions in atmospheric aerosols, which often evolve with environmental factors, have significant impact on climate and human health, while our fundamental understanding of chemical process is limited owing to their sensitive to atmospheric conditions. pH and RH are critical chemical factors of aerosols, impacting reaction pathways and kinetics that ultimately govern final components in particles. Herein, we monitored the chemical composition in internally mixed malonic acid/calcium nitrate with the mole ratio of 1:1 as a function of pH and relative humidity (RH). At 30% RH, lower than efflorescence relative humidity (ERH) of pure malonic acid aerosols, malonic acid still exhibits solution feature reflected by IR spectra, which was observed to transform to malonate, along with water loss and nitrate depletion. At another RH of 54% and 80%, the similar chemical process happened with less reaction rate. The response of chemical reaction between malonic acid and calcium nitrate to pH was studied by manipulating the starting pH of the bulk solution through dropping aqueous sodium hydroxide. Due to lower H+ concentration at higher pH, the formation and liberation of HNO3 slow down, as well as water loss. After a down-up RH cycle, the water loss was obvious and grew with the decrease in pH. These measurements are improving our understanding of chemical composition evolution dependent upon pH and RH from a fundamental physical chemistry perspective and are critical for connecting chemistry and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yun Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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20
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Paul SK, Herbert JM. Probing Interfacial Effects on Ionization Energies: The Surprising Banality of Anion-Water Hydrogen Bonding at the Air/Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10189-10202. [PMID: 34184532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liquid microjet photoelectron spectroscopy is an increasingly common technique to measure vertical ionization energies (VIEs) of aqueous solutes, but the interpretation of these experiments is subject to questions regarding sensitivity to bulk versus interfacial solvation environments. We have computed aqueous-phase VIEs for a set of inorganic anions, using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure calculations, with results that are in excellent agreement with experiment regardless of whether the simulation data are restricted to ions at the air/water interface or to those in bulk aqueous solution. Although the computed VIEs are sensitive to ion-water hydrogen bonding, we find that the short-range solvation structure is sufficiently similar in both environments that it proves impossible to discriminate between the two on the basis of the VIE, a conclusion that has important implications for the interpretation of liquid-phase photoelectron spectroscopy. More generally, analysis of the simulation data suggests that the surface activity of soft anions is largely a second or third solvation shell effect, arising from disruption of water-water hydrogen bonds and not from significant changes in first-shell anion-water hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjan K Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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21
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Zhang S, Li D, Ge S, Liu S, Wu C, Wang Y, Chen Y, Lv S, Wang F, Meng J, Wang G. Rapid sulfate formation from synergetic oxidation of SO 2 by O 3 and NO 2 under ammonia-rich conditions: Implications for the explosive growth of atmospheric PM 2.5 during haze events in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:144897. [PMID: 33770894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extremely high levels of atmospheric sulfate aerosols have still frequently occurred in China especially in winter haze periods and often been underestimated by models due to some missing formation mechanisms. Here we investigated the heterogeneous reaction dynamics of SO2 oxidation by the abundantly co-existing O3 and NO2 in the urban atmosphere of China by using a laboratory smog chamber simulation technique. Our results showed that with an increase of NH3 concentrations from 0.05 ppm to 1.5 ppm, SO2 oxidation by O3 can be greatly promoted and lead to an exponential increase of diameter growth factor (GF) of particles in the chamber from 1.29 to 1.98 for NaCl seeds and from 1.20 to 1.60 for (NH4)2SO4 seeds, along with an increasing uptake coefficient (γ) of SO2 from 4.47 × 10-5 to 1.52 × 10-4 on NaCl seeds and from 2.32 × 10-5 to 5.74 × 10-5 on (NH4)2SO4 seeds, respectively. The heterogeneous production of sulfate from oxidation of SO2 under NH3-rich conditions by O3 and NO2 mixture in the chamber was 2.0-3.5 times the sum of sulfate from SO2 oxidations by O3 and NO2, suggesting a strongly synergetic effect of the mixed oxidants on the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2, which can cause rapid formation of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 and is responsible for the explosive growth of PM2.5 in the winter haze period of China. Our chamber results further showed that such synergetic process is only efficient under NH3-rich conditions, clearly indicating that the combined controls on O3, NOx and NH3 are necessary for further mitigating the PM2.5 pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Rd., Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Rd., Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ge
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Rd., Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Can Wu
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Rd., Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Rd., Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Yubao Chen
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Rd., Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Shaojun Lv
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Rd., Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Fanglin Wang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Rd., Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Rd., Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China.
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Rosati B, Christiansen S, Dinesen A, Roldin P, Massling A, Nilsson ED, Bilde M. The impact of atmospheric oxidation on hygroscopicity and cloud droplet activation of inorganic sea spray aerosol. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10008. [PMID: 33976276 PMCID: PMC8113565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) contributes significantly to natural aerosol particle concentrations globally, in marine areas even dominantly. The potential changes of the omnipresent inorganic fraction of SSA due to atmospheric ageing is largely unexplored. In the atmosphere, SSA may exist as aqueous phase solution droplets or as dried solid or amorphous particles. We demonstrate that ageing of liquid NaCl and artificial sea salt aerosol by exposure to ozone and UV light leads to a substantial decrease in hygroscopicity and cloud activation potential of the dried particles of the same size. The results point towards surface reactions on the liquid aerosols that are more crucial for small particles and the formation of salt structures with water bound within the dried aerosols, termed hydrates. Our findings suggest an increased formation of hydrate forming salts during ageing and the presence of hydrates in dried SSA. Field observations indicate a reduced hygroscopic growth factor of sub-micrometre SSA in the marine atmosphere compared to fresh laboratory generated NaCl or sea salt of the same dry size, which is typically attributed to organic matter or sulphates. Aged inorganic sea salt offers an additional explanation for such a measured reduced hygroscopic growth factor and cloud activation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Rosati
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | - Anders Dinesen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Massling
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Aarhus, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - E Douglas Nilsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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23
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Pezzotti S, Serva A, Sebastiani F, Brigiano FS, Galimberti DR, Potier L, Alfarano S, Schwaab G, Havenith M, Gaigeot MP. Molecular Fingerprints of Hydrophobicity at Aqueous Interfaces from Theory and Vibrational Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3827-3836. [PMID: 33852317 PMCID: PMC9004482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of aqueous interfaces at the molecular level results from a subtle balance in the water-water and water-surface interactions. This is characterized here via density functional theory-molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) coupled with vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) and THz-IR absorption spectroscopies. We show that water at the interface with a series of weakly interacting materials is organized into a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network (2D-HB-network), which is also found above some macroscopically hydrophilic silica and alumina surfaces. These results are rationalized through a descriptor that measures the number of "vertical" and "horizontal" hydrogen bonds formed by interfacial water, quantifying the competition between water-surface and water-water interactions. The 2D-HB-network is directly revealed by THz-IR absorption spectroscopy, while the competition of water-water and water-surface interactions is quantified from SFG markers. The combination of SFG and THz-IR spectroscopies is thus found to be a compelling tool to characterize the finest details of molecular hydrophobicity at aqueous interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pezzotti
- Université
Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE
UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Alessandra Serva
- Université
Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE
UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- Department
of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University
Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Flavio Siro Brigiano
- Université
Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE
UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Daria Ruth Galimberti
- Université
Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE
UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Louis Potier
- Université
Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE
UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Serena Alfarano
- Department
of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University
Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schwaab
- Department
of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University
Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martina Havenith
- Department
of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University
Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Université
Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE
UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
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24
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Gonçalves SJ, Weis J, China S, Evangelista H, Harder TH, Müller S, Sampaio M, Laskin A, Gilles MK, Godoi RHM. Photochemical reactions on aerosols at West Antarctica: A molecular case-study of nitrate formation among sea salt aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143586. [PMID: 33218800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental implications of climate change are complex and exhibit regional variations both within and between the polar regions. The increase of solar UV radiation flux over Antarctica due to stratospheric ozone depletion creates the optimal conditions for photochemical reactions on the snow. Modeling, laboratory, and indirect field studies suggest that snowpack process release gases to the atmosphere that can react on sea salt particles in remote regions such as Antarctica, modifying aerosol composition and physical properties of aerosols. Here, we present evidence of photochemical processing in West Antarctica aerosols using microscopic and chemical speciation of individual atmospheric particles. Individual aerosol particles collected at the Brazilian module Criosfera 1 were analyzed by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS) combined with computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis. The displacement of chlorine relative to sodium was observed over most of the sea salt particles. Particles with a chemical composition consistent with NaCl-NO3 contributed up to 30% of atmospheric particles investigated. Overall, this study provides evidence that the snowpack and particulate nitrate photolysis should be considered in dynamic partition equilibrium in the troposphere. These findings may assist in reducing modeling uncertainties and present new insights into the aerosol chemical composition in the polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio J Gonçalves
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; LARAMG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Johannes Weis
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physikalisches Institüt, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Swarup China
- William R. Wiley Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Heitor Evangelista
- LARAMG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tristan H Harder
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physikalisches Institüt, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Müller
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marcelo Sampaio
- Brazilian National Space Institute - INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Laskin
- William R. Wiley Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mary K Gilles
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ricardo H M Godoi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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25
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Abstract
Urbanization is an ongoing global phenomenon as more and more people are moving from rural to urban areas for better employment opportunities and a higher standard of living, leading to the growth of megacities, broadly defined as urban agglomeration with more than 10 million inhabitants. Intense activities in megacities induce high levels of air pollutants in the atmosphere that harm human health, cause regional haze and acid deposition, damage crops, influence air quality in regions far from the megacity sources, and contribute to climate change. Since the Great London Smog and the first recognized episode of Los Angeles photochemical smog seventy years ago, substantial progress has been made in improving the scientific understanding of air pollution and in developing emissions reduction technologies. However, much remains to be understood about the complex processes of atmospheric oxidation mechanisms; the formation and evolution of secondary particles, especially those containing organic species; and the influence of emerging emissions sources and changing climate on air quality and health. While air quality has substantially improved in megacities in developed regions and some in the developing regions, many still suffer from severe air pollution. Strong regional and international collaboration in data collection and assessment will be beneficial in strengthening the capacity. This article provides an overview of the sources of emissions in megacities, atmospheric physicochemical processes, air quality trends and management in a few megacities, and the impacts on health and climate. The challenges and opportunities facing megacities due to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa T Molina
- Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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26
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Liu Y, Wang T, Fang X, Deng Y, Cheng H, Bacha AUR, Nabi I, Zhang L. Brown carbon: An underlying driving force for rapid atmospheric sulfate formation and haze event. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139415. [PMID: 32464390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rapid sulfate formation is a crucial factor determining the explosive growth of fine particles and the frequent occurrence of severe haze events in China. Recent field observations also show that brown carbon is one of the most critical components in aerosol particles sampled during haze episodes. To this day, there is limited knowledge that accesses the role of brown carbon in atmospheric chemistry. In fact, these carbonaceous particulate matters, mainly derived from forest fires, biomass burning, and biogenic release, can act as photosensitizers and produce varieties of active intermediates to alter oxidation capacity. Experimental results in this work provide evidence that hydroxyl radical (∙OH) stems from brown carbon proxies fulvic acid /humic acid (FA/HA) upon irradiation, leading to rapid SO2 oxidation on brown carbon particles in the atmosphere. Further correlation analyses for sulfate formation and chromophore properties of 12 model compounds demonstrate that brown carbon particles with higher aromaticity and E2/E3 (the ratio of absorbance at 254 nm to that at 365 nm) would facilitate ∙OH production and SO2 photo-oxidation. Uptake coefficient measurements and sulfate production rate estimation indicate that brown carbon could gain importance in atmospheric SO2 oxidation. A better understanding of SO2 uptake kinetics on brown carbon surfaces favors in defining new regulations to improve air quality and reduce the harmful effects of haze events on resident health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yue Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Iqra Nabi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China..
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27
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Yang N, Tsona NT, Cheng S, Wang Y, Wu L, Ge M, Du L. Effects of NO 2 and SO 2 on the heterogeneous reaction of acetic acid on α-Al 2O 3 in the presence and absence of simulated irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:408-417. [PMID: 31994557 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of NO2 and SO2 on the atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of acetic acid on α-Al2O3 in the presence and absence of simulated irradiation were investigated at ambient conditions by using the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) technique. The experiment was divided into two parts: the heterogeneous reaction experiment and the pre-adsorption reaction experiment under light and dark conditions. In the heterogeneous reaction experiment, solar radiation stimulates the formation of more acetate and nitrate. At the same time, it can promote the partial conversion of sulfites to sulfates in the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on α-Al2O3 particles. It can be seen that solar radiation plays a significant role in the heterogeneous reactions of inorganic and organic gases on mineral particles. In the pre-adsorption reaction experiment, the pre-adsorbed nitrate, sulfite or sulfate have conspicuous inhibition influence on the formation of acetate in the presence and absence of simulated irradiation. This indicates that the role of pre-adsorbed species should be given more attention for the heterogeneous reaction of acetic acid on the surface of α-Al2O3 particles. When α-Al2O3 particles were pre-adsorbed by different species, simulated irradiation could facilitate the growth of different amounts of acetate. It was found that the extent to which solar radiation contributes to heterogeneous reactions of different kinds of gases on different mineral particles is different. This further emphasizes the complexities of the heterogeneous conversion processes of atmospheric trace gases on the surface of mineral aerosols, promoting a better understanding of the effects of solar radiation and pre-adsorption on the heterogeneous reaction in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Narcisse T Tsona
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shumin Cheng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, 46 Zhong Guan Cun S. Ave., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China.
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28
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Yang N, Tsona NT, Cheng S, Li S, Xu L, Wang Y, Wu L, Du L. Competitive reactions of SO 2 and acetic acid on α-Al 2O 3 and CaCO 3 particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134362. [PMID: 31522042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reactions between gaseous pollutants and mineral particles have gradually become a research hotspot in the field of atmospheric chemistry. In this paper, competitive reactions between SO2 and acetic acid on the surface of α-Al2O3 and CaCO3 particles were studied by the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopic (DRIFTS) technique in dark and dry conditions. At the same time, the temporary evolution of the integrated absorbance of acetate and sulfite was investigated to further understand the interaction of SO2 and acetic acid on the mineral particles. On the surface of α-Al2O3 particles, acetate and sulfite can compete for surface-active sites, resulting in a decrease in the total amount of acetates. In dark and dry conditions, the effect of acetic acid on SO2 cannot be obtained by the DRIFTS method. On the surface of CaCO3 particles, SO2 can have a competitive impact on acetic acid by grabbing active sites, leading to a slight decrease of the amount of acetates. The heterogeneous reaction of SO2 can be impeded by coexisting acetic acid, resulting in a drastic reduction of the number of sulfites. It can be seen that the formation mechanisms of acetate and sulfite on the surface of different mineral particles in the atmosphere are different, which provides a variety of ideas and possibilities for the formation of related inorganic and organic salts in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Narcisse T Tsona
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shumin Cheng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Siyang Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Li Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, 46 Zhong Guan Cun S. Ave., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China.
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29
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Evidence of Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts on Rainwater Trace Metal Geochemistry in Central Mexico: A Statistical Approach. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As were determined on a monthly basis in a total of 52 rain samples collected from six different locations in the central region of Mexico during March 2016–April 2017. The average concentrations of trace metals (mg/L) in the rainwater samples showed an order of Zn (0.873) > Fe (0.395) > Mn (0.083) > Cr (0.041) ≥ Cu (0.041) > Pb (0.031) > Ni (0.020) > Co (0.013) > As (0.0003) > Cd (0.002). The differences observed in metal concentrations are related to variations in the influence of continental air masses, local transport, regional advection, and the solubility of trace metals. High concentrations of metals were observed in the months of March to May at all sites, probably due to the less extensive removal of air/air pollutants. The values obtained from the enrichment factor (EF) per metal showed relatively high values for Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, and Cr, suggesting anthropogenic origin. Pearson’s correlation matrix validated the distribution of trace metal sources and their relationships with local/regional meteorological characteristics. This paper presents relevant basic information for the evaluation of the toxic potential of rainwater and the possible health risks when using this source of water for human consumption.
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30
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Troiani A, Salvitti C, de Petris G. Gas-Phase Reactivity of Carbonate Ions with Sulfur Dioxide: an Experimental Study of Clusters Reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1964-1972. [PMID: 31286448 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of carbonate cluster ions with sulfur dioxide has been investigated in the gas phase by mass spectrometric techniques. SO2 promotes the displacement of carbon dioxide from carbonate clusters through a stepwise mechanism, leading to the quantitative conversion of the carbonate aggregates into the corresponding sulfite cluster ions. The kinetic study of the reactions of positive, negative, singly, and doubly charged ions reveals very fast and efficient processes for all the carbonate ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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31
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Zhang F, Yu X, Sui X, Chen J, Zhu Z, Yu XY. Evolution of aqSOA from the Air-Liquid Interfacial Photochemistry of Glyoxal and Hydroxyl Radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10236-10245. [PMID: 31361474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of photochemical reaction time on glyoxal and hydrogen peroxide at the air-liquid (a-l) interface is investigated using in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) enabled by a system for analysis at the liquid vacuum interface (SALVI) microreactor. Carboxylic acids are formed mainly by reaction with hydroxyl radicals in the initial reactions. Oligomers, cluster ions, and water clusters formed due to longer photochemistry. Our results provide direct molecular evidence that water clusters are associated with proton transfer and the formation of oligomers and cluster ions at the a-l interface. The oligomer formation is facilitated by water cluster and cluster ion formation over time. Formation of higher m/z oligomers and cluster ions indicates the possibility of highly oxygenated organic components formation at the a-l interface. Furthermore, new chemical reaction pathways, such as surface organic cluster, hydration shell, and water cluster formation, are proposed based on SIMS spectral observations, and the existing understanding of glyoxal photochemistry is expanded. Our in situ findings verify that the a-l interfacial reactions are important pathways for aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) , Fudan University , Shanghai , 200433 , China
- Energy and Environment Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Environmental and Molecular Science Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Xiao Sui
- Energy and Environment Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) , Fudan University , Shanghai , 200433 , China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , 200433 , China
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental and Molecular Science Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Energy and Environment Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
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32
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He X, Zhang YH. Influence of relative humidity on SO 2 oxidation by O 3 and NO 2 on the surface of TiO 2 particles: Potential for formation of secondary sulfate aerosol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 219:121-128. [PMID: 31030039 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous reactions of SO2/O3 and SO2/NO2 with TiO2 particles were studied as a function of relative humidities (RHs). An in situ microscopic Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectrometer was used to monitor the reaction kinetics. Rapid conversion of SO2 to sulfate occurs on the surface of TiO2 particles in the presence of O3 or NO2, which is sensitive to RHs. For unreacted (fresh) particles, the uptake coefficients for SO2 in initial stage are both obviously enhanced over four times with the increasing RH from ~4% to ~85%. Moreover, the uptake coefficient in the system of SO2/O3 is about 40% higher than that of SO2/NO2 on TiO2 particles at the similar RH conditions. For TiO2 after exposure to SO2/O3 or SO2/NO2 (sulfated) particles, the uptake coefficients for SO2 in moisture absorption stage are all higher than that on fresh particles in initial stage at the similar RH, indicating rapid mixture gases adsorption with particle hygroscopic growth. The high production of the secondary sulfate for heterogeneous reaction of mixture gases on TiO2 surface from arid region to humid region provides new insights for better understanding the severe haze under the humid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang He
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, PR China; Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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33
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Stirchak LT, Moor KJ, McNeill K, Donaldson DJ. Differences in photochemistry between seawater and freshwater for two natural organic matter samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:28-39. [PMID: 30575831 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00431e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report changes in the excitation and resolved fluorescence spectra, inferred triplet formation and singlet oxygen formation abilities of two different Natural Organic Matter samples (NOM) in seawater vs. freshwater or NaCl solution. In artificial seawater solution (but not in NaCl solution), the natural water-derived NOM samples Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter (SRNOM) and Nordic Reservoir Natural Organic Matter (NRNOM) display large enhancements in fluorescence intensity. Nearly identical spectra are seen when seawater is replaced by solutions of Mg2+ at its seawater concentration, consistent with magnesium binding to ligand sites of the natural organic matter giving rise to different photophysics. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements show a decrease in anisotropy of SRNOM and NRNOM in seawater, also consistent with Mg2+ binding. Different effects of Mg2+ are seen when the different NOM samples are illuminated: NRNOM exhibits increased formation of its triplet state and also quenching of its triplet by oxygen, compared to its photochemistry in the absence of Mg2+, while SRNOM exhibits a reduction in triplet formation in the presence of Mg2+. These observations imply that the photochemistry of NOM in seawater may be very different from what is expected based on freshwater or NaCl solution measurements.
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34
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Spectroscopic BIL-SFG Invariance Hides the Chaotropic Effect of Protons at the Air-Water Interface. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the water structure at the interface with the air in acidic pH conditions is of utmost importance for chemistry in the atmosphere. We shed light on the acidic air-water (AW) interfacial structure by DFT-MD simulations of the interface containing one hydronium ion coupled with theoretical SFG (Sum Frequency Generation) spectroscopy. The interpretation of SFG spectra at charged interfaces requires a deconvolution of the signal into BIL (Binding Interfacial Layer) and DL (Diffuse Layer) SFG contributions, which is achieved here, and hence reveals that even though H 3 O + has a chaotropic effect on the BIL water structure (by weakening the 2D-HBond-Network observed at the neat air-water interface) it has no direct probing in SFG spectroscopy. The changes observed experimentally in the SFG of the acidic AW interface from the SFG at the neat AW are shown here to be solely due to the DL-SFG contribution to the spectroscopy. Such BIL-SFG and DL-SFG deconvolution rationalizes the experimental SFG data in the literature, while the hydronium chaotropic effect on the water 2D-HBond-Network in the BIL can be put in perspective of the decrease in surface tension at acidic AW interfaces.
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Wang Y, Sinha S, Desai PR, Jing H, Das S. Ion at Air-Water Interface Enhances Capillary Wave Fluctuations: Energetics of Ion Adsorption. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12853-12861. [PMID: 30221515 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent simulations provide the energetics of ion adsorption at the air-water (a/w) interface: The presence of the ion at the interface suppresses the fluctuations of the capillary waves (CWs) reducing the entropy and displaces the weakly interacting water molecules to the bulk causing a reduction in the enthalpy. Here, we provide atomistic simulation-based evidence that the inferences of the existing studies stem from considering a small simulation volume that pins the CWs. For an appropriate size of the simulation system, an ion at the a/w interface enhances the CW fluctuations. Furthermore, we discover that the characteristics of the waves governing these enhanced CW fluctuations ensure a significant decrease in the pressure-volume work causing the enthalpy decrease, while the same wave characteristics of the CWs become responsible for an entropy decrease. Overall, the paper revisits the free energy picture of this fundamental problem of ion adsorption at the a/w interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Shayandev Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Parth Rakesh Desai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Haoyuan Jing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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36
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Xia K, Tong S, Zhang Y, Tan F, Chen Y, Zhang W, Guo Y, Jing B, Ge M, Zhao Y, Alamry KA, Marwani HM, Wang S. Heterogeneous Reaction of HCOOH on NaCl Particles at Different Relative Humidities. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7218-7226. [PMID: 30118231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of volatile organic acids to chloride depletion still remains unclear under ambient conditions in the coast and inland. In this work, the heterogeneous reaction of HCOOH on the NaCl surface at a series of relative humidities (RHs) was investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The formate was found to be formed on NaCl surface under dry and wet conditions, accompanied by the corresponding chloride depletion. The adsorbed HCOOH and the formation of formate on NaCl surface decreased with increasing RH below 30% RH. The adsorbed HCOOH decreased, while the formation of formate increased with enhanced RH at 45-70% RH. The variation in the formation of formate with RH suggests that chloride depletion may undergo similar changes. Additionally, the mechanism and kinetics for uptake of HCOOH on NaCl surface at various RHs were discussed and analyzed. Our results highlight the role of heterogeneous chemistry of volatile organic acid in the chloride depletion of NaCl in the coast and inland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Xia
- Institute of Intelligent Machines , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstale and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Shengrui Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstale and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstale and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Fang Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstale and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstale and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstale and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yucong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstale and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstale and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstale and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhua Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia.,School of Environment and Chemical Engineering , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , P. R. China
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37
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Zhang Y, Tong S, Ge M, Jing B, Hou S, Tan F, Chen Y, Guo Y, Wu L. The influence of relative humidity on the heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on calcium carbonate particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1253-1262. [PMID: 29758878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reactions of SO2 and O3 with CaCO3 particles were investigated at a series of relative humidity (RH, 1% to 90%) and 298K using a diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The uptake coefficients of SO2 on CaCO3 at different RHs were obtained for the first time. Our results proved that high RH could substantially promote the formation of sulfate, for which the highest concentration (80% RH and reaction time of 200min) and highest formation rate in stable stage (85% RH) were 14 times and 43 times that at 1% RH, respectively. The surface products, increment of concentration and formation rate of sulfate changed with RH which were due to the surface adsorbed water (SAW) on the particles. SAW could increase the reactive sites on the particles and thus accelerate the conversion of SO2 into sulfite, and sulfite could be oxidized rapidly. Liquid-like water layers formed on the particle surface could enhance the ion mobility and promote the aggregation of CaSO4 hydrates, which could expose more reactive sites and result in additional adsorption of SO2. Piecewise equations of uptake coefficient with RH were given and could be referred by model simulation. The results are of importance in understanding the explosive growth of sulfate during severe haze episodes accompanied with high RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shengrui Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Bo Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Siqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fang Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yucong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Lingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
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38
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Shao X, Wu FM, Yang H, Pang SF, Zhang YH. Observing HNO 3 release dependent upon metal complexes in malonic acid/nitrate droplets. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 201:399-404. [PMID: 29775933 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the dicarboxylic acid has been reported to react with nitrate for aged internally mixed aerosols in atmosphere, the quantitative nitrate depletion dependent upon composition in particles is still not well constrained. The chemical composition evolutions for malonic acid/sodium nitrate (MA/SN), malonic acid/magnesium nitrate (MA/MN) and malonic acid/calcium nitrate (MA/CN) particles with the organic to inorganic molar ratio (OIR) of 1:1 are investigated by vacuum Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Upon dehydration, the intensity of the asymmetric stretching mode of COO- group (νas-COO-) increases, accompanying the decrease in OH feather band and COOH band and NO3- band. These band changes suggest malonate salts formation and HNO3 release. The quantitative NO3- depletion data shows that the reactivity of MA-MN is most and that of MA-SN is least. Analysis of the stretching mode of COO- indicates the different bond type between metal cation and carboxylate anion. In addition, water content in particles decreases at the constant RH, implying water loss with the chemical reaction. When the RH changes very quickly, water uptake delay during the humidification process reveals that water mass transport is limited below 37% RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shao
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology. Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; Beijing General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Min Wu
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology. Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology. Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Pang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology. Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology. Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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39
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Serva A, Pezzotti S, Bougueroua S, Galimberti DR, Gaigeot MP. Combining ab-initio and classical molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the structure of the 2D-HB-network at the air-water interface. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Following our recent work [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20:5190–99 (2018)] that provided the means to unambigously define and extract the three water regions at any charged interface (solid–liquid and air–liquid alike), denoted the BIL (Binding Interfacial Layer), DL (Diffuse Layer) and Bulk, and how to calculate their associated non-linear Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy (SFG) χ2(ω) spectroscopic contributions from Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (DFT-MD/AIMD), we show here that the χDL2(ω) signal arising from the DL water region carries a wealth of essential information on the microscopic and macroscopic properties of interfaces. We show that the χDL2(ω) signal carries information on the surface potential and surface charge, the isoelectric point, EDL (Electric Double Layer) formation, and the relationship between a nominal electrolyte solution pH and surface hydroxylation state. This work is based on DFT-MD/AIMD simulations on a (0001) α–quartz–water interface and on the air–water interface, with various surface quartz hydroxylation states and various electrolyte concentrations. The conclusions drawn make use of the interplay between experiments and simulations. Most of the properties listed above can now be extracted from experimental χDL2(ω) alone with the protocols given in this work, or by making use of the interplay between experiments and simulations, as described in this work.
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41
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Tian Y, Shen H, Wang Q, Liu A, Gao W, Chen XW, Chen ML, Zhao Z. Online High Temporal Resolution Measurement of Atmospheric Sulfate and Sulfur Trioxide with a Light Emitting Diode and Liquid Core Waveguide-Based Sensor. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7843-7847. [PMID: 29862814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High temporal resolution components analysis is still a great challenge for the frontier of atmospheric aerosol research. Here, an online high time resolution method for monitoring soluble sulfate and sulfur trioxide in atmospheric aerosols was developed by integrating a membrane-based parallel plate denuder, a particle collector, and a liquid waveguide capillary cell into a flow injection analysis system. The BaCl2 solution (containing HCl, glycerin, and ethanol) was enabled to quantitatively transform sulfate into a well-distributed BaSO4 solution for turbidimetric detection. The time resolution for monitoring the soluble sulfate and sulfur trioxide was 15 h-1. The limits of detection were 86 and 7.3 μg L-1 ( S/ N = 3) with a 20 and 200 μL SO42- solution injection, respectively. Both the interday and intraday precision values (relative standard deviation) were less than 6.0%. The analytical results of the certificated reference materials (GBW(E)08026 and GNM-M07117-2013) were identical to the certified values (no significant difference at a 95% confidence level). The validity and practicability of the developed device were also evaluated during a firecracker day and a routine day, obviously revealing the continuous variance in atmospheric sulfate and sulfur trioxide in both interday and intraday studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Huiyan Shen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science , Qingdao Agriculture University , Qingdao 266109 , China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Wei Gao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Xu-Wei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
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42
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Pezzotti S, Serva A, Gaigeot MP. 2D-HB-Network at the air-water interface: A structural and dynamical characterization by means of ab initio and classical molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:174701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5018096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pezzotti
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l’Environnement, LAMBE CNRS UMR8587, Université d’Evry val d’Essonne, Blvd. F. Mitterrand, Bat Maupertuis, 91025 Evry, France and Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alessandra Serva
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l’Environnement, LAMBE CNRS UMR8587, Université d’Evry val d’Essonne, Blvd. F. Mitterrand, Bat Maupertuis, 91025 Evry, France and Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l’Environnement, LAMBE CNRS UMR8587, Université d’Evry val d’Essonne, Blvd. F. Mitterrand, Bat Maupertuis, 91025 Evry, France and Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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43
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Sanders SE, Vanselous H, Petersen PB. Water at surfaces with tunable surface chemistries. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:113001. [PMID: 29393860 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaacb5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous interfaces are ubiquitous in natural environments, spanning atmospheric, geological, oceanographic, and biological systems, as well as in technical applications, such as fuel cells and membrane filtration. Where liquid water terminates at a surface, an interfacial region is formed, which exhibits distinct properties from the bulk aqueous phase. The unique properties of water are governed by the hydrogen-bonded network. The chemical and physical properties of the surface dictate the boundary conditions of the bulk hydrogen-bonded network and thus the interfacial properties of the water and any molecules in that region. Understanding the properties of interfacial water requires systematically characterizing the structure and dynamics of interfacial water as a function of the surface chemistry. In this review, we focus on the use of experimental surface-specific spectroscopic methods to understand the properties of interfacial water as a function of surface chemistry. Investigations of the air-water interface, as well as efforts in tuning the properties of the air-water interface by adding solutes or surfactants, are briefly discussed. Buried aqueous interfaces can be accessed with careful selection of spectroscopic technique and sample configuration, further expanding the range of chemical environments that can be probed, including solid inorganic materials, polymers, and water immiscible liquids. Solid substrates can be finely tuned by functionalization with self-assembled monolayers, polymers, or biomolecules. These variables provide a platform for systematically tuning the chemical nature of the interface and examining the resulting water structure. Finally, time-resolved methods to probe the dynamics of interfacial water are briefly summarized before discussing the current status and future directions in studying the structure and dynamics of interfacial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
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Hautala L, Jänkälä K, Mikkelä MH, Turunen P, Prisle NL, Patanen M, Tchaplyguine M, Huttula M. Probing RbBr solvation in freestanding sub-2 nm water clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:25158-25167. [PMID: 28884174 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04398h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Concentration dependent solvation of RbBr in freestanding sub-2 nm water clusters was studied using core level photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. Spectral features recorded from dilute to saturated clusters indicate that either solvent shared or contact ion pairs are present in increasing amount when the concentration exceeds 2 mol kg-1. For comparison, spectra from anhydrous RbBr clusters are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Hautala
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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45
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Pezzotti S, Galimberti DR, Shen YR, Gaigeot MP. Structural definition of the BIL and DL: a new universal methodology to rationalize non-linearχ(2)(ω) SFG signals at charged interfaces, includingχ(3)(ω) contributions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5190-5199. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BIL (Binding Interfacial Layer) and DL (Diffuse Layer) at aqueous interfaces: universal structural definitions, deconvolution of their SFG signals andχ3contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pezzotti
- LAMBE CNRS UMR8587
- Université d’Evry val d’Essonne
- France & Université Paris-Saclay
- 91025 Evry
- France
| | - Daria Ruth Galimberti
- LAMBE CNRS UMR8587
- Université d’Evry val d’Essonne
- France & Université Paris-Saclay
- 91025 Evry
- France
| | - Y. Ron Shen
- Department of Physics
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- LAMBE CNRS UMR8587
- Université d’Evry val d’Essonne
- France & Université Paris-Saclay
- 91025 Evry
- France
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46
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Sui X, Zhou Y, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhu Z, Yu X. ToF‐SIMS
characterization of glyoxal surface oxidation products by hydrogen peroxide: A comparison between dry and liquid samples. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sui
- Environment Research Institute Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Yufan Zhou
- Environmental and Molecular Science Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Environmental and Molecular Science Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Environment Research Institute Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental and Molecular Science Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Xiao‐Ying Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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47
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Wick CD. A comparison of sodium and hydrogen halides at the air-water interface. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:161703. [PMID: 29096503 PMCID: PMC5648577 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New molecular models, parameterized to ab initio calculations, were developed to describe HBr and HI at the air-water interface. These were used to compare how the air-water interface influenced dissociation of NaX and HX, with X being Cl, Br, or I, and also their propensity for the interface. The polarizable multistate empirical valence bond method, which explicitly describes proton sharing, was used to model HX. Results showed that the air-water interface suppressed HX dissociation from a contact ion pair to a solvent separated to a greater degree than NaX dissociation. Furthermore, HX had a greater propensity for the interface than NaX, which was a consequence of the hydronium ion having a greatest interfacial activity of all species studied. As a consequence of this, the average configuration of dissociated HX, while in both contact ion and solvent separated ion pairs near the air-water interface, is with the dissociated hydrogen oriented more towards the air than the X atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin D Wick
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71270, USA
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48
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Huang D, Hua X, Xiu GL, Zheng YJ, Yu XY, Long YT. Secondary ion mass spectrometry: The application in the analysis of atmospheric particulate matter. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 989:1-14. [PMID: 28915935 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, considerable attention has been paid to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) investigation due to its importance in human health and global climate change. Surface characterization, single particle analysis and depth profiling of PM is important for a better understanding of its formation processes and predicting its impact on the environment and human being. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a surface technique with high surface sensitivity, high spatial resolution chemical imaging and unique depth profiling capabilities. Recent research shows that SIMS has great potential in analyzing both surface and bulk chemical information of PM. In this review, we give a brief introduction of SIMS working principle and survey recent applications of SIMS in PM characterization. Particularly, analyses from different types of PM sources by various SIMS techniques were discussed concerning their advantages and limitations. The future development and needs of SIMS in atmospheric aerosol measurement are proposed with a perspective in broader environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Guang-Li Xiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Pezzotti S, Galimberti DR, Gaigeot MP. 2D H-Bond Network as the Topmost Skin to the Air-Water Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3133-3141. [PMID: 28644626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We provide a detailed description of the structure of water at the interface with the air (liquid-vapor LV interface) from state-of-the-art DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations. For the first time, a two-dimensional (2D) H-bond extended network has been identified and fully characterized, demonstrating that interfacial water is organized into a 2D sheet with H-bonds oriented parallel to the instantaneous surface and following its spatial and temporal oscillations. By analyzing the nonlinear vSFG (vibrational sum frequency generation) spectrum of the LV interface in terms of layer-by-layer signal, we demonstrate that the 2D water sheet is solely responsible for the spectral signatures, hence providing the interfacial 3.5 Å thickness effectively probed in nonlinear interfacial spectroscopy. The 2D H-bond network unraveled here is the essential key to rationalize macroscopic properties of water-air interfaces, as demonstrated here for spectroscopy and the surface potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pezzotti
- LAMBE CNRS UMR8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Université d'Evry val d'Essonne , Boulevard F. Mitterrand, Bat Maupertuis, 91025 Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay , 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Daria Ruth Galimberti
- LAMBE CNRS UMR8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Université d'Evry val d'Essonne , Boulevard F. Mitterrand, Bat Maupertuis, 91025 Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay , 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- LAMBE CNRS UMR8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Université d'Evry val d'Essonne , Boulevard F. Mitterrand, Bat Maupertuis, 91025 Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay , 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
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SO 2 Emissions in China - Their Network and Hierarchical Structures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46216. [PMID: 28387301 PMCID: PMC5384192 DOI: 10.1038/srep46216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SO2 emissions lead to various harmful effects on environment and human health. The SO2 emission in China has significant contribution to the global SO2 emission, so it is necessary to employ various methods to study SO2 emissions in China with great details in order to lay the foundation for policymaking to improve environmental conditions in China. Network analysis is used to analyze the SO2 emissions from power generation, industrial, residential and transportation sectors in China for 2008 and 2010, which are recently available from 1744 ground surface monitoring stations. The results show that the SO2 emissions from power generation sector were highly individualized as small-sized clusters, the SO2 emissions from industrial sector underwent an integration process with a large cluster contained 1674 places covering all industrial areas in China, the SO2 emissions from residential sector was not impacted by time, and the SO2 emissions from transportation sector underwent significant integration. Hierarchical structure is obtained by further combining SO2 emissions from all four sectors and is potentially useful to find out similar patterns of SO2 emissions, which can provide information on understanding the mechanisms of SO2 pollution and on designing different environmental measure to combat SO2 emissions.
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