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Bell JF, Maki JN, Alwmark S, Ehlmann BL, Fagents SA, Grotzinger JP, Gupta S, Hayes A, Herkenhoff KE, Horgan BHN, Johnson JR, Kinch KB, Lemmon MT, Madsen MB, Núñez JI, Paar G, Rice M, Rice JW, Schmitz N, Sullivan R, Vaughan A, Wolff MJ, Bechtold A, Bosak T, Duflot LE, Fairén AG, Garczynski B, Jaumann R, Merusi M, Million C, Ravanis E, Shuster DL, Simon J, St. Clair M, Tate C, Walter S, Weiss B, Bailey AM, Bertrand T, Beyssac O, Brown AJ, Caballo-Perucha P, Caplinger MA, Caudill CM, Cary F, Cisneros E, Cloutis EA, Cluff N, Corlies P, Crawford K, Curtis S, Deen R, Dixon D, Donaldson C, Barrington M, Ficht M, Fleron S, Hansen M, Harker D, Howson R, Huggett J, Jacob S, Jensen E, Jensen OB, Jodhpurkar M, Joseph J, Juarez C, Kah LC, Kanine O, Kristensen J, Kubacki T, Lapo K, Magee A, Maimone M, Mehall GL, Mehall L, Mollerup J, Viúdez-Moreiras D, Paris K, Powell KE, Preusker F, Proton J, Rojas C, Sallurday D, Saxton K, Scheller E, Seeger CH, Starr M, Stein N, Turenne N, Van Beek J, Winhold AG, Yingling R. Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4856. [PMID: 36417517 PMCID: PMC9683734 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perseverance's Mastcam-Z instrument provides high-resolution stereo and multispectral images with a unique combination of spatial resolution, spatial coverage, and wavelength coverage along the rover's traverse in Jezero crater, Mars. Images reveal rocks consistent with an igneous (including volcanic and/or volcaniclastic) and/or impactite origin and limited aqueous alteration, including polygonally fractured rocks with weathered coatings; massive boulder-forming bedrock consisting of mafic silicates, ferric oxides, and/or iron-bearing alteration minerals; and coarsely layered outcrops dominated by olivine. Pyroxene dominates the iron-bearing mineralogy in the fine-grained regolith, while olivine dominates the coarse-grained regolith. Solar and atmospheric imaging observations show significant intra- and intersol variations in dust optical depth and water ice clouds, as well as unique examples of boundary layer vortex action from both natural (dust devil) and Ingenuity helicopter-induced dust lifting. High-resolution stereo imaging also provides geologic context for rover operations, other instrument observations, and sample selection, characterization, and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Bell
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Justin N. Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Sanna Alwmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bethany L. Ehlmann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Sarah A. Fagents
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Hayes
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | - Briony H. N. Horgan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Johnson
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Kjartan B. Kinch
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Morten B. Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge I. Núñez
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | | | - Melissa Rice
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - James W. Rice
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - Robert Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Alicia Vaughan
- USGS Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | | | - Andreas Bechtold
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Tanja Bosak
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Alberto G. Fairén
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Astrobiology Center (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Brad Garczynski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ralf Jaumann
- Institute for Geological Sciences, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Merusi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eleni Ravanis
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - David L. Shuster
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Justin Simon
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Christian Tate
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Sebastian Walter
- Institute for Geological Sciences, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weiss
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Bailey
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - Olivier Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne University, Paris 75005, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Cary
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Ernest Cisneros
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - Nathan Cluff
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Paul Corlies
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Kelsie Crawford
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sabrina Curtis
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - Robert Deen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Darian Dixon
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Megan Barrington
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Michelle Ficht
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - David Harker
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rachel Howson
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joshua Huggett
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Samantha Jacob
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Elsa Jensen
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ole B. Jensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohini Jodhpurkar
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jonathan Joseph
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | - Linda C. Kah
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA
| | - Oak Kanine
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Tex Kubacki
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kristiana Lapo
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - Angela Magee
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Greg L. Mehall
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Laura Mehall
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jess Mollerup
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - Daniel Viúdez-Moreiras
- Astrobiology Center (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristen Paris
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Powell
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | | | - Corrine Rojas
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - Kim Saxton
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Eva Scheller
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Mason Starr
- Malin Space Science Systems Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nathan Stein
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Jason Van Beek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Andrew G. Winhold
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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2
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Goodwin TJ, Christofidou-Solomidou M. Editorial to the Special Issue: "Dysregulation of Human Molecular and Metabolic Mechanisms Resulting in Oxidative Stress and Damage Generation in the Space Environment". Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126466. [PMID: 35742909 PMCID: PMC9224197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial space industries are emergent, bolstered by new exciting rocket systems, orbital and landing vehicles, the creation of multi-country orbital platforms, satellite technology, the renewed promise of low Earth orbit (LEO) business opportunities, as well as promised planetary exploration [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Goodwin
- Goodwin BioScience Research Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA
- Sovaris Aerospace, Research Innovation, Infectious Disease Research Center Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
- The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA Retired) Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Ruan T, Young RMB, Lewis SR, Montabone L, Valeanu A, Read PL. Assimilation of Both Column- and Layer-Integrated Dust Opacity Observations in the Martian Atmosphere. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 8:e2021EA001869. [PMID: 35864913 PMCID: PMC9286790 DOI: 10.1029/2021ea001869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new dust data assimilation scheme has been developed for the UK version of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Martian General Circulation Model. The Analysis Correction scheme (adapted from the UK Met Office) is applied with active dust lifting and transport to analyze measurements of temperature, and both column-integrated dust optical depth (CIDO), τ ref (rescaled to a reference level), and layer-integrated dust opacity (LIDO). The results are shown to converge to the assimilated observations, but assimilating either of the dust observation types separately does not produce the best analysis. The most effective dust assimilation is found to require both CIDO (from Mars Odyssey/THEMIS) and LIDO observations, especially for Mars Climate Sounder data that does not access levels close to the surface. The resulting full reanalysis improves the agreement with both in-sample assimilated CIDO and LIDO data and independent observations from outside the assimilated data set. It is thus able to capture previously elusive details of the dust vertical distribution, including elevated detached dust layers that have not been captured in previous reanalyzes. Verification of this reanalysis has been carried out under both clear and dusty atmospheric conditions during Mars Years 28 and 29, using both in-sample and out of sample observations from orbital remote sensing and contemporaneous surface measurements of dust opacity from the Spirit and Opportunity landers. The reanalysis was also compared with a recent version of the Mars Climate Database (MCD v5), demonstrating generally good agreement though with some systematic differences in both time mean fields and day-to-day variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ruan
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
| | - R. M. B. Young
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
- Department of Physics & National Space Science and Technology CenterUAE UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - S. R. Lewis
- School of Physical SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - L. Montabone
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
- Space Science InstituteBoulderCOUSA
| | - A. Valeanu
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
| | - P. L. Read
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
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4
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Rodriguez-Manfredi JA, de la Torre Juárez M, Alonso A, Apéstigue V, Arruego I, Atienza T, Banfield D, Boland J, Carrera MA, Castañer L, Ceballos J, Chen-Chen H, Cobos A, Conrad PG, Cordoba E, del Río-Gaztelurrutia T, de Vicente-Retortillo A, Domínguez-Pumar M, Espejo S, Fairen AG, Fernández-Palma A, Ferrándiz R, Ferri F, Fischer E, García-Manchado A, García-Villadangos M, Genzer M, Giménez S, Gómez-Elvira J, Gómez F, Guzewich SD, Harri AM, Hernández CD, Hieta M, Hueso R, Jaakonaho I, Jiménez JJ, Jiménez V, Larman A, Leiter R, Lepinette A, Lemmon MT, López G, Madsen SN, Mäkinen T, Marín M, Martín-Soler J, Martínez G, Molina A, Mora-Sotomayor L, Moreno-Álvarez JF, Navarro S, Newman CE, Ortega C, Parrondo MC, Peinado V, Peña A, Pérez-Grande I, Pérez-Hoyos S, Pla-García J, Polkko J, Postigo M, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Rafkin SCR, Ramos M, Richardson MI, Romeral J, Romero C, Runyon KD, Saiz-Lopez A, Sánchez-Lavega A, Sard I, Schofield JT, Sebastian E, Smith MD, Sullivan RJ, Tamppari LK, Thompson AD, Toledo D, Torrero F, Torres J, Urquí R, Velasco T, Viúdez-Moreiras D, Zurita S. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2021; 217:48. [PMID: 34776548 PMCID: PMC8550605 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-021-00816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - V. Apéstigue
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Arruego
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Atienza
- Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D. Banfield
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - J. Boland
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | - L. Castañer
- Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Ceballos
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (US-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - H. Chen-Chen
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - A. Cobos
- CRISA-Airbus, Tres Cantos, Spain
| | | | - E. Cordoba
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Espejo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (US-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - A. G. Fairen
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - R. Ferrándiz
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Ferri
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E. Fischer
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | | | - M. Genzer
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Giménez
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Gómez-Elvira
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Gómez
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A.-M. Harri
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. D. Hernández
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - M. Hieta
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R. Hueso
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - I. Jaakonaho
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. J. Jiménez
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Jiménez
- Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Larman
- Added-Value-Solutions, Elgoibar, Spain
| | - R. Leiter
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - A. Lepinette
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - G. López
- Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. N. Madsen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - T. Mäkinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Marín
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - G. Martínez
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. Molina
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - S. Navarro
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C. Ortega
- Added-Value-Solutions, Elgoibar, Spain
| | - M. C. Parrondo
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Peinado
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Peña
- CRISA-Airbus, Tres Cantos, Spain
| | | | | | | | - J. Polkko
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Postigo
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - M. Ramos
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - J. Romeral
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Romero
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Saiz-Lopez
- Dept. of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - I. Sard
- Added-Value-Solutions, Elgoibar, Spain
| | - J. T. Schofield
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - E. Sebastian
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. D. Smith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - R. J. Sullivan
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - L. K. Tamppari
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - A. D. Thompson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - D. Toledo
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J. Torres
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Urquí
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - S. Zurita
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - The MEDA team
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
- CRISA-Airbus, Tres Cantos, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- Added-Value-Solutions, Elgoibar, Spain
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (US-CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC USA
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO USA
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX USA
- Aeolis Corporation, Sierra Madre, CA USA
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO USA
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- John Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD USA
- Dept. of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
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The Temporal Variation of Optical Depth in the Candidate Landing Area of China’s Mars Mission (Tianwen-1). REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric dust is an important factor in the evolution of the Martian climate and has a major impact on the scientific exploration of the Martian lander or rover and its payload. This paper used remote sensing images to calculate atmospheric optical depth that characterizes the spatial distribution of the atmospheric dust of Mars. The optical depth calculated by the images of the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) in the inspection area of the Spirit rover had a similar temporal variation to the optical depth directly measured by the Spirit rover from the sunlight decay. We also used the HiRISE images to acquire the seasonal variation of optical depths in the candidate landing area of China’s Mars Mission (Tianwen-1). The results have shown that the seasonal pattern of the optical depth in the candidate landing area is consistent with the dust storm sequences in this area. After Tianwen-1 enters the orbit around Mars, the images collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Camera (MoRIC), and the High Resolution Imaging Camera (HiRIC) can be used to study the atmospheric optical depth in the candidate landing area, providing reference for the safe landing and operation of the lander and rover.
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6
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Bell JF, Maki JN, Mehall GL, Ravine MA, Caplinger MA, Bailey ZJ, Brylow S, Schaffner JA, Kinch KM, Madsen MB, Winhold A, Hayes AG, Corlies P, Tate C, Barrington M, Cisneros E, Jensen E, Paris K, Crawford K, Rojas C, Mehall L, Joseph J, Proton JB, Cluff N, Deen RG, Betts B, Cloutis E, Coates AJ, Colaprete A, Edgett KS, Ehlmann BL, Fagents S, Grotzinger JP, Hardgrove C, Herkenhoff KE, Horgan B, Jaumann R, Johnson JR, Lemmon M, Paar G, Caballo-Perucha M, Gupta S, Traxler C, Preusker F, Rice MS, Robinson MS, Schmitz N, Sullivan R, Wolff MJ. The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imaging Investigation. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2021; 217:24. [PMID: 33612866 PMCID: PMC7883548 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mastcam-Z is a multispectral, stereoscopic imaging investigation on the Mars 2020 mission's Perseverance rover. Mastcam-Z consists of a pair of focusable, 4:1 zoomable cameras that provide broadband red/green/blue and narrowband 400-1000 nm color imaging with fields of view from 25.6° × 19.2° (26 mm focal length at 283 μrad/pixel) to 6.2° × 4.6° (110 mm focal length at 67.4 μrad/pixel). The cameras can resolve (≥ 5 pixels) ∼0.7 mm features at 2 m and ∼3.3 cm features at 100 m distance. Mastcam-Z shares significant heritage with the Mastcam instruments on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. Each Mastcam-Z camera consists of zoom, focus, and filter wheel mechanisms and a 1648 × 1214 pixel charge-coupled device detector and electronics. The two Mastcam-Z cameras are mounted with a 24.4 cm stereo baseline and 2.3° total toe-in on a camera plate ∼2 m above the surface on the rover's Remote Sensing Mast, which provides azimuth and elevation actuation. A separate digital electronics assembly inside the rover provides power, data processing and storage, and the interface to the rover computer. Primary and secondary Mastcam-Z calibration targets mounted on the rover top deck enable tactical reflectance calibration. Mastcam-Z multispectral, stereo, and panoramic images will be used to provide detailed morphology, topography, and geologic context along the rover's traverse; constrain mineralogic, photometric, and physical properties of surface materials; monitor and characterize atmospheric and astronomical phenomena; and document the rover's sample extraction and caching locations. Mastcam-Z images will also provide key engineering information to support sample selection and other rover driving and tool/instrument operations decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. A. Ravine
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | | | - S. Brylow
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C. Tate
- Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY USA
| | | | | | - E. Jensen
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | - K. Paris
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | - C. Rojas
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | | | | | - N. Cluff
- Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | - B. Betts
- The Planetary Society, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Univ. College, London, UK
| | - A. Colaprete
- NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA
| | - K. S. Edgett
- Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | - B. L. Ehlmann
- JPL/Caltech, Pasadena, CA USA
- Caltech, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R. Jaumann
- Inst. of Geological Sciences, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M. Lemmon
- Space Science Inst., Boulder, CO USA
| | - G. Paar
- Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - F. Preusker
- DLR/German Aerospace Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. S. Rice
- Western Washington Univ., Bellingham, WA USA
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7
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Ding T, Deng Z, Hou X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li M, Li M. Investigation on the simulation approach for Martian rarefied aeolian activities based on discrete element method. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Moore CA, Moores JE, Newman CE, Lemmon MT, Guzewich SD, Battalio M. Vertical and Horizontal Heterogeneity of Atmospheric Dust Loading in Northern Gale Crater, Mars. ICARUS 2019; 329:197-206. [PMID: 31359883 PMCID: PMC6662233 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper updates the record of atmospheric dust loading within northern Gale Crater, Mars, by providing line-of-sight extinction (LOS-Ext) measurements of the intervening dust between the rover and the crater rim. These measurements are derived from images taken with the Navigation Cameras (Navcam) onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity. The observations span 2.44 Mars years, from Mars Year (MY) 31 at a solar longitude (L S ) of 208° to t L S = 7° of MY34, sols 100 - 1701 of the MSL surface mission. This work examines the dataset for seasonal trends of the LOS-Ext in addition to horizontal variations and the vertical structure of LOS-Ext. The LOS-Ext has a repetitive pattern with a single peak in the latter half of the Mars year. The atmosphere in the crater is well mixed horizontally but not vertically as larger LOS-Ext is seen nearer the crater floor than at higher altitudes within the crater. The results allow a discussion on whether or not Gale Crater is a sink for atmospheric dust or a source of atmospheric dust in the current era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A Moore
- York University, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Sciences (CRESS), 4700 Keele Street, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - John E Moores
- York University, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Sciences (CRESS), 4700 Keele Street, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Mark T Lemmon
- Texas A&M University, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, MS 3150 College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Scott D Guzewich
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
| | - Michael Battalio
- Texas A&M University, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, MS 3150 College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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9
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Abstract
The scientific objectives of the ExoMars rover are designed to answer several key questions in the search for life on Mars. In particular, the unique subsurface drill will address some of these, such as the possible existence and stability of subsurface organics. PanCam will establish the surface geological and morphological context for the mission, working in collaboration with other context instruments. Here, we describe the PanCam scientific objectives in geology, atmospheric science, and 3-D vision. We discuss the design of PanCam, which includes a stereo pair of Wide Angle Cameras (WACs), each of which has an 11-position filter wheel and a High Resolution Camera (HRC) for high-resolution investigations of rock texture at a distance. The cameras and electronics are housed in an optical bench that provides the mechanical interface to the rover mast and a planetary protection barrier. The electronic interface is via the PanCam Interface Unit (PIU), and power conditioning is via a DC-DC converter. PanCam also includes a calibration target mounted on the rover deck for radiometric calibration, fiducial markers for geometric calibration, and a rover inspection mirror. Key Words: Mars—ExoMars—Instrumentation—Geology—Atmosphere—Exobiology—Context. Astrobiology 17, 511–541.
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10
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Korablev OI, Dobrolensky Y, Evdokimova N, Fedorova AA, Kuzmin RO, Mantsevich SN, Cloutis EA, Carter J, Poulet F, Flahaut J, Griffiths A, Gunn M, Schmitz N, Martín-Torres J, Zorzano MP, Rodionov DS, Vago JL, Stepanov AV, Titov AY, Vyazovetsky NA, Trokhimovskiy AY, Sapgir AG, Kalinnikov YK, Ivanov YS, Shapkin AA, Ivanov AY. Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars: A Mast-Mounted Instrument for the Rover. ASTROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:542-564. [PMID: 28731817 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ISEM (Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars) is a pencil-beam infrared spectrometer that will measure reflected solar radiation in the near infrared range for context assessment of the surface mineralogy in the vicinity of the ExoMars rover. The instrument will be accommodated on the mast of the rover and will be operated together with the panoramic camera (PanCam), high-resolution camera (HRC). ISEM will study the mineralogical and petrographic composition of the martian surface in the vicinity of the rover, and in combination with the other remote sensing instruments, it will aid in the selection of potential targets for close-up investigations and drilling sites. Of particular scientific interest are water-bearing minerals, such as phyllosilicates, sulfates, carbonates, and minerals indicative of astrobiological potential, such as borates, nitrates, and ammonium-bearing minerals. The instrument has an ∼1° field of view and covers the spectral range between 1.15 and 3.30 μm with a spectral resolution varying from 3.3 nm at 1.15 μm to 28 nm at 3.30 μm. The ISEM optical head is mounted on the mast, and its electronics box is located inside the rover's body. The spectrometer uses an acousto-optic tunable filter and a Peltier-cooled InAs detector. The mass of ISEM is 1.74 kg, including the electronics and harness. The science objectives of the experiment, the instrument design, and operational scenarios are described. Key Words: ExoMars-ISEM-Mars-Surface-Mineralogy-Spectroscopy-AOTF-Infrared. Astrobiology 17, 542-564.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruslan O Kuzmin
- 1 Space Research Institute IKI , Moscow, Russia
- 2 Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry GEOKHI , Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N Mantsevich
- 1 Space Research Institute IKI , Moscow, Russia
- 3 Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Russia
| | | | - John Carter
- 5 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale IAS-CNRS/Université Paris Sud , Orsay, France
| | - Francois Poulet
- 5 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale IAS-CNRS/Université Paris Sud , Orsay, France
| | - Jessica Flahaut
- 6 Université Lyon 1 , ENS-Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Andrew Griffiths
- 7 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Dorking, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Gunn
- 8 Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Javier Martín-Torres
- 10 Division of Space Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology , Kiruna, Sweden
- 11 Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR) , Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-Paz Zorzano
- 10 Division of Space Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology , Kiruna, Sweden
- 12 Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alexander V Stepanov
- 1 Space Research Institute IKI , Moscow, Russia
- 3 Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Yurii K Kalinnikov
- 14 National Research Institute for Physicotechnical and Radio Engineering Measurements VNIIFTRI , Mendeleevo, Russia
| | - Yurii S Ivanov
- 15 Main Astronomical Observatory MAO NASU , Kyiv, Ukraine
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11
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Read PL, Lewis SR, Mulholland DP. The physics of Martian weather and climate: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:125901. [PMID: 26534887 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/12/125901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The planet Mars hosts an atmosphere that is perhaps the closest in terms of its meteorology and climate to that of the Earth. But Mars differs from Earth in its greater distance from the Sun, its smaller size, its lack of liquid oceans and its thinner atmosphere, composed mainly of CO(2). These factors give Mars a rather different climate to that of the Earth. In this article we review various aspects of the martian climate system from a physicist's viewpoint, focusing on the processes that control the martian environment and comparing these with corresponding processes on Earth. These include the radiative and thermodynamical processes that determine the surface temperature and vertical structure of the atmosphere, the fluid dynamics of its atmospheric motions, and the key cycles of mineral dust and volatile transport. In many ways, the climate of Mars is as complicated and diverse as that of the Earth, with complex nonlinear feedbacks that affect its response to variations in external forcing. Recent work has shown that the martian climate is anything but static, but is almost certainly in a continual state of transient response to slowly varying insolation associated with cyclic variations in its orbit and rotation. We conclude with a discussion of the physical processes underlying these long- term climate variations on Mars, and an overview of some of the most intriguing outstanding problems that should be a focus for future observational and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Read
- Atmospheric, Oceanic & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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12
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Kinch KM, Bell JF, Goetz W, Johnson JR, Joseph J, Madsen MB, Sohl-Dickstein J. Dust deposition on the decks of the Mars Exploration Rovers: 10 years of dust dynamics on the Panoramic Camera calibration targets. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2015; 2:144-172. [PMID: 27981072 PMCID: PMC5125412 DOI: 10.1002/2014ea000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Panoramic Cameras on NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers have each returned more than 17,000 images of their calibration targets. In order to make optimal use of this data set for reflectance calibration, a correction must be made for the presence of air fall dust. Here we present an improved dust correction procedure based on a two-layer scattering model, and we present a dust reflectance spectrum derived from long-term trends in the data set. The dust on the calibration targets appears brighter than dusty areas of the Martian surface. We derive detailed histories of dust deposition and removal revealing two distinct environments: At the Spirit landing site, half the year is dominated by dust deposition, the other half by dust removal, usually in brief, sharp events. At the Opportunity landing site the Martian year has a semiannual dust cycle with dust removal happening gradually throughout two removal seasons each year. The highest observed optical depth of settled dust on the calibration target is 1.5 on Spirit and 1.1 on Opportunity (at 601 nm). We derive a general prediction for dust deposition rates of 0.004 ± 0.001 in units of surface optical depth deposited per sol (Martian solar day) per unit atmospheric optical depth. We expect this procedure to lead to improved reflectance-calibration of the Panoramic Camera data set. In addition, it is easily adapted to similar data sets from other missions in order to deliver improved reflectance calibration as well as data on dust reflectance properties and deposition and removal history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjartan M Kinch
- Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - James F Bell
- School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Walter Goetz
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen Germany
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Jonathan Joseph
- Department of Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Morten Bo Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jascha Sohl-Dickstein
- Neural Dynamics and Computation Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California USA
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13
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Ehlers K, Chakrabarty R, Moosmüller H. Blue moons and Martian sunsets. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:1808-1819. [PMID: 24663457 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The familiar yellow or orange disks of the moon and sun, especially when they are low in the sky, and brilliant red sunsets are a result of the selective extinction (scattering plus absorption) of blue light by atmospheric gas molecules and small aerosols, a phenomenon explainable using the Rayleigh scattering approximation. On rare occasions, dust or smoke aerosols can cause the extinction of red light to exceed that for blue, resulting in the disks of the sun and moon to appear as blue. Unlike Earth, the atmosphere of Mars is dominated by micron-size dust aerosols, and the sky during sunset takes on a bluish glow. Here we investigate the role of dust aerosols in the blue Martian sunsets and the occasional blue moons and suns on Earth. We use the Mie theory and the Debye series to calculate the wavelength-dependent optical properties of dust aerosols most commonly found on Mars. Our findings show that while wavelength selective extinction can cause the sun's disk to appear blue, the color of the glow surrounding the sun as observed from Mars is due to the dominance of near-forward scattering of blue light by dust particles and cannot be explained by a simple, Rayleigh-like selective extinction explanation.
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14
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Ody A, Poulet F, Langevin Y, Bibring JP, Bellucci G, Altieri F, Gondet B, Vincendon M, Carter J, Manaud N. Global maps of anhydrous minerals at the surface of Mars from OMEGA/MEx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012je004117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Moores JE, Schuerger AC. UV degradation of accreted organics on Mars: IDP longevity, surface reservoir of organics, and relevance to the detection of methane in the atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012je004060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Pommerol A, Portyankina G, Thomas N, Aye KM, Hansen CJ, Vincendon M, Langevin Y. Evolution of south seasonal cap during Martian spring: Insights from high-resolution observations by HiRISE and CRISM on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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18
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Wolff MJ, Smith MD, Clancy RT, Arvidson R, Kahre M, Seelos F, Murchie S, Savijärvi H. Wavelength dependence of dust aerosol single scattering albedo as observed by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Hanford AD, Long LN. The direct simulation of acoustics on Earth, Mars, and Titan. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2009; 125:640-650. [PMID: 19206842 DOI: 10.1121/1.3050279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the recent success of the Huygens lander on Titan, a moon of Saturn, there has been renewed interest in further exploring the acoustic environments of the other planets in the solar system. The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used here for modeling sound propagation in the atmospheres of Earth, Mars, and Titan at a variety of altitudes above the surface. DSMC is a particle method that describes gas dynamics through direct physical modeling of particle motions and collisions. The validity of DSMC for the entire range of Knudsen numbers (Kn), where Kn is defined as the mean free path divided by the wavelength, allows for the exploration of sound propagation in planetary environments for all values of Kn. DSMC results at a variety of altitudes on Earth, Mars, and Titan including the details of nonlinearity, absorption, dispersion, and molecular relaxation in gas mixtures are given for a wide range of Kn showing agreement with various continuum theories at low Kn and deviation from continuum theory at high Kn. Despite large computation time and memory requirements, DSMC is the method best suited to study high altitude effects or where continuum theory is not valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Hanford
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16804, USA.
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20
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Wang A, Bell JF, Li R, Johnson JR, Farrand WH, Cloutis EA, Arvidson RE, Crumpler L, Squyres SW, McLennan SM, Herkenhoff KE, Ruff SW, Knudson AT, Chen W, Greenberger R. Light-toned salty soils and coexisting Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Tamppari LK, Barnes J, Bonfiglio E, Cantor B, Friedson AJ, Ghosh A, Grover MR, Kass D, Martin TZ, Mellon M, Michaels T, Murphy J, Rafkin SCR, Smith MD, Tsuyuki G, Tyler D, Wolff M. Expected atmospheric environment for the Phoenix landing season and location. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Goetz W, Leer K, Gunnlaugsson HP, Bartlett P, Basso B, Bell J, Bertelsen P, Binau CS, Chu PC, Gorevan S, Hansen MF, Hviid SF, Kinch KM, Klingelhöfer G, Kusack A, Madsen MB, Ming DW, Morris RV, Mumm E, Myrick T, Olsen M, Squyres SW, Wilson J, Yen A. Search for magnetic minerals in Martian rocks: Overview of the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) magnet investigation on Spirit and Opportunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Knoll AH, Jolliff BL, Farrand WH, Bell III JF, Clark BC, Gellert R, Golombek MP, Grotzinger JP, Herkenhoff KE, Johnson JR, McLennan SM, Morris R, Squyres SW, Sullivan R, Tosca NJ, Yen A, Learner Z. Veneers, rinds, and fracture fills: Relatively late alteration of sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Greeley R, Whelley PL, Neakrase LDV, Arvidson RE, Bridges NT, Cabrol NA, Christensen PR, Di K, Foley DJ, Golombek MP, Herkenhoff K, Knudson A, Kuzmin RO, Li R, Michaels T, Squyres SW, Sullivan R, Thompson SD. Columbia Hills, Mars: Aeolian features seen from the ground and orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Lichtenberg KA, Arvidson RE, Poulet F, Morris RV, Knudson A, Bell JF, Bellucci G, Bibring JP, Farrand WH, Johnson JR, Ming DW, Pinet PC, Rogers AD, Squyres SW. Coordinated analyses of orbital and Spirit Rover data to characterize surface materials on the cratered plains of Gusev Crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Vincendon M, Langevin Y, Poulet F, Bibring JP, Gondet B. Recovery of surface reflectance spectra and evaluation of the optical depth of aerosols in the near-IR using a Monte Carlo approach: Application to the OMEGA observations of high-latitude regions of Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Vincendon
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - Y. Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - F. Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - J.-P. Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - B. Gondet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
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27
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Kinch KM, Sohl-Dickstein J, Bell JF, Johnson JR, Goetz W, Landis GA. Dust deposition on the Mars Exploration Rover Panoramic Camera (Pancam) calibration targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Morris RV, Klingelhöfer G, Schröder C, Rodionov DS, Yen A, Ming DW, de Souza PA, Wdowiak T, Fleischer I, Gellert R, Bernhardt B, Bonnes U, Cohen BA, Evlanov EN, Foh J, Gütlich P, Kankeleit E, McCoy T, Mittlefehldt DW, Renz F, Schmidt ME, Zubkov B, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE. Mössbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Meridiani Planum, Mars: Opportunity's journey across sulfate-rich outcrop, basaltic sand and dust, and hematite lag deposits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - D. S. Rodionov
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - P. A. de Souza
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- CVRD Group; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - T. Wdowiak
- Department of Physics; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - I. Fleischer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Physics; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - B. Bernhardt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - U. Bonnes
- Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - B. A. Cohen
- Institute of Meteoritics; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque, NM USA
| | | | - J. Foh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - P. Gütlich
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - E. Kankeleit
- Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - T. McCoy
- Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC USA
| | | | - F. Renz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - M. E. Schmidt
- Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC USA
| | - B. Zubkov
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
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29
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Wolff MJ, Smith MD, Clancy RT, Spanovich N, Whitney BA, Lemmon MT, Bandfield JL, Banfield D, Ghosh A, Landis G, Christensen PR, Bell JF, Squyres SW. Constraints on dust aerosols from the Mars Exploration Rovers using MGS overflights and Mini-TES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Wolff
- Space Science Institute; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. D. Smith
- Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - N. Spanovich
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - M. T. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - J. L. Bandfield
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - D. Banfield
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - A. Ghosh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - G. Landis
- Photovoltaics and Space Environment Branch; NASA John Glenn Research Center; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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30
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Ruff SW, Christensen PR, Blaney DL, Farrand WH, Johnson JR, Michalski JR, Moersch JE, Wright SP, Squyres SW. The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Ruff
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - D. L. Blaney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | | | | | - J. R. Michalski
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. E. Moersch
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - S. P. Wright
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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31
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Johnson JR, Grundy WM, Lemmon MT, Bell JF, Johnson MJ, Deen R, Arvidson RE, Farrand WH, Guinness E, Hayes AG, Herkenhoff KE, Seelos F, Soderblom J, Squyres S. Spectrophotometric properties of materials observed by Pancam on the Mars Exploration Rovers: 2. Opportunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark T. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - James F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Miles J. Johnson
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Robert Deen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - E. Guinness
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Alexander G. Hayes
- Lincoln Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - K. E. Herkenhoff
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - F. Seelos
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - J. Soderblom
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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32
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Smith MD, Wolff MJ, Spanovich N, Ghosh A, Banfield D, Christensen PR, Landis GA, Squyres SW. One Martian year of atmospheric observations using MER Mini-TES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Don Banfield
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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33
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Yen AS, Mittlefehldt DW, McLennan SM, Gellert R, Bell JF, McSween HY, Ming DW, McCoy TJ, Morris RV, Golombek M, Economou T, Madsen MB, Wdowiak T, Clark BC, Jolliff BL, Schröder C, Brückner J, Zipfel J, Squyres SW. Nickel on Mars: Constraints on meteoritic material at the surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Physics; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - H. Y. McSween
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - T. J. McCoy
- National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D.C. USA
| | | | - M. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - T. Economou
- Enrico Fermi Institute; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois USA
| | - M. B. Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. Wdowiak
- Department of Physics; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - B. C. Clark
- Lockheed Martin Corporation; Littleton Colorado USA
| | - B. L. Jolliff
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - C. Schröder
- Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - J. Brückner
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - J. Zipfel
- Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg; Frankfurt Germany
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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34
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Golombek MP, Grant JA, Crumpler LS, Greeley R, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Weitz CM, Sullivan R, Christensen PR, Soderblom LA, Squyres SW. Erosion rates at the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites and long-term climate change on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. A. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC USA
| | - L. S. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - R. Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - C. M. Weitz
- Planetary Science Institute; Tucson Arizona USA
| | - R. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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35
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Greeley R, Whelley PL, Arvidson RE, Cabrol NA, Foley DJ, Franklin BJ, Geissler PG, Golombek MP, Kuzmin RO, Landis GA, Lemmon MT, Neakrase LDV, Squyres SW, Thompson SD. Active dust devils in Gusev crater, Mars: Observations from the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Greeley
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Patrick L. Whelley
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Foley
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - Paul G. Geissler
- Astrogeology Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark T. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Lynn D. V. Neakrase
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - Shane D. Thompson
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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36
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Johnson JR, Sohl-Dickstein J, Grundy WM, Arvidson RE, Bell J, Christensen P, Graff T, Guinness EA, Kinch K, Morris R, Shepard MK. Radiative transfer modeling of dust-coated Pancam calibration target materials: Laboratory visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - James Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Phil Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Trevor Graff
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Edward A. Guinness
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Kjartan Kinch
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | - Michael K. Shepard
- Department of Geography and Geosciences; Bloomsburg University; Bloomsburg Pennsylvania USA
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37
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Bell JF, Savransky D, Wolff MJ. Chromaticity of the Martian sky as observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Pancam instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - D. Savransky
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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38
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Fergason RL, Christensen PR, Bell JF, Golombek MP, Herkenhoff KE, Kieffer HH. Physical properties of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites as inferred from Mini-TES-derived thermal inertia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Fergason
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - James F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy, Space Science Building; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Matthew P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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39
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Johnson JR, Grundy WM, Lemmon MT, Bell JF, Johnson MJ, Deen RG, Arvidson RE, Farrand WH, Guinness EA, Hayes AG, Herkenhoff KE, Seelos F, Soderblom J, Squyres S. Spectrophotometric properties of materials observed by Pancam on the Mars Exploration Rovers: 1. Spirit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark T. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - James F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Miles J. Johnson
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Robert G. Deen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - Edward A. Guinness
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | | | - Frank Seelos
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jason Soderblom
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Steve Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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40
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Golombek MP, Crumpler LS, Grant JA, Greeley R, Cabrol NA, Parker TJ, Rice JW, Ward JG, Arvidson RE, Moersch JE, Fergason RL, Christensen PR, Castaño A, Castaño R, Haldemann AFC, Li R, Bell JF, Squyres SW. Geology of the Gusev cratered plains from the Spirit rover transverse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - L. S. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | | | - R. Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - T. J. Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. G. Ward
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - J. E. Moersch
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - R. L. Fergason
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - A. Castaño
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Castaño
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. F. C. Haldemann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science; Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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41
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Arvidson RE, Squyres SW, Anderson RC, Bell JF, Blaney D, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin WM, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, de Souza PA, d'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand WH, Folkner W, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Guinness E, Hahn BC, Haskin L, Herkenhoff KE, Hurowitz JA, Hviid S, Johnson JR, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll AH, Landis G, Leff C, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Rodionov DS, Schröder C, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Thompson SD, Tosca NJ, Wang A, Wänke H, Ward J, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. Overview of the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Gusev Crater: Landing site to Backstay Rock in the Columbia Hills. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Greeley R, Arvidson RE, Barlett PW, Blaney D, Cabrol NA, Christensen PR, Fergason RL, Golombek MP, Landis GA, Lemmon MT, McLennan SM, Maki JN, Michaels T, Moersch JE, Neakrase LDV, Rafkin SCR, Richter L, Squyres SW, de Souza PA, Sullivan RJ, Thompson SD, Whelley PL. Gusev crater: Wind-related features and processes observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - Diana Blaney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - R. L. Fergason
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - M. T. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - J. N. Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - J. E. Moersch
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - L. D. V. Neakrase
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - Lutz Richter
- Institut für Raumsimulation; Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Cologne Germany
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | - R. J. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. D. Thompson
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - P. L. Whelley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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43
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Bell JF, Joseph J, Sohl-Dickstein JN, Arneson HM, Johnson MJ, Lemmon MT, Savransky D. In-flight calibration and performance of the Mars Exploration Rover Panoramic Camera (Pancam) instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - J. Joseph
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | - H. M. Arneson
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - M. J. Johnson
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - M. T. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - D. Savransky
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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44
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Farrand WH, Bell JF, Johnson JR, Squyres SW, Soderblom J, Ming DW. Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared multispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - J. Soderblom
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Flight Center; Houston Texas USA
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45
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Meslin PY, Sabroux JC, Berger L, Pineau JF, Chassefière E. Evidence of210Po on Martian dust at Meridiani Planum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Goetz W, Bertelsen P, Binau CS, Gunnlaugsson HP, Hviid SF, Kinch KM, Madsen DE, Madsen MB, Olsen M, Gellert R, Klingelhöfer G, Ming DW, Morris RV, Rieder R, Rodionov DS, de Souza PA, Schröder C, Squyres SW, Wdowiak T, Yen A. Indication of drier periods on Mars from the chemistry and mineralogy of atmospheric dust. Nature 2005; 436:62-5. [PMID: 16001062 DOI: 10.1038/nature03807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous atmospheric dust on Mars is well mixed by periodic global dust storms, and such dust carries information about the environment in which it once formed and hence about the history of water on Mars. The Mars Exploration Rovers have permanent magnets to collect atmospheric dust for investigation by instruments on the rovers. Here we report results from Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence of dust particles captured from the martian atmosphere by the magnets. The dust on the magnets contains magnetite and olivine; this indicates a basaltic origin of the dust and shows that magnetite, not maghemite, is the mineral mainly responsible for the magnetic properties of the dust. Furthermore, the dust on the magnets contains some ferric oxides, probably including nanocrystalline phases, so some alteration or oxidation of the basaltic dust seems to have occurred. The presence of olivine indicates that liquid water did not play a dominant role in the processes that formed the atmospheric dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Goetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, D-37191, Germany
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin W, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Marais DJD, d'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand W, Folkner W, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Haskin L, Herkenhoff KE, Hviid S, Johnson J, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll AH, Landis G, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Wänke H, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. The Opportunity Rover's Athena science investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Science 2004; 306:1698-703. [PMID: 15576602 DOI: 10.1126/science.1106171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has investigated the landing site in Eagle crater and the nearby plains within Meridiani Planum. The soils consist of fine-grained basaltic sand and a surface lag of hematite-rich spherules, spherule fragments, and other granules. Wind ripples are common. Underlying the thin soil layer, and exposed within small impact craters and troughs, are flat-lying sedimentary rocks. These rocks are finely laminated, are rich in sulfur, and contain abundant sulfate salts. Small-scale cross-lamination in some locations provides evidence for deposition in flowing liquid water. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments formed by episodic inundation by shallow surface water, followed by evaporation, exposure, and desiccation. Hematite-rich spherules are embedded in the rock and eroding from them. We interpret these spherules to be concretions formed by postdepositional diagenesis, again involving liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Squyres
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Bell JF, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Arneson HM, Bass D, Calvin W, Farrand WH, Goetz W, Golombek M, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Guinness E, Hayes AG, Hubbard MYH, Herkenhoff KE, Johnson MJ, Johnson JR, Joseph J, Kinch KM, Lemmon MT, Li R, Madsen MB, Maki JN, Malin M, McCartney E, McLennan S, McSween HY, Ming DW, Morris RV, Dobrea EZN, Parker TJ, Proton J, Rice JW, Seelos F, Soderblom JM, Soderblom LA, Sohl-Dickstein JN, Sullivan RJ, Weitz CM, Wolff MJ. Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Opportunity Rover at Meridiani Planum. Science 2004; 306:1703-9. [PMID: 15576603 DOI: 10.1126/science.1105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Panoramic Camera (Pancam) images from Meridiani Planum reveal a low-albedo, generally flat, and relatively rock-free surface. Within and around impact craters and fractures, laminated outcrop rocks with higher albedo are observed. Fine-grained materials include dark sand, bright ferric iron-rich dust, angular rock clasts, and millimeter-size spheroidal granules that are eroding out of the laminated rocks. Spectra of sand, clasts, and one dark plains rock are consistent with mafic silicates such as pyroxene and olivine. Spectra of both the spherules and the laminated outcrop materials indicate the presence of crystalline ferric oxides or oxyhydroxides. Atmospheric observations show a steady decline in dust opacity during the mission. Astronomical observations captured solar transits by Phobos and Deimos and time-lapse observations of sunsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Bell
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA.
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Opportunity: First 90 days on Mars. Nature 2004. [DOI: 10.1038/news041129-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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