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Tamayo E, Nada B, Hafermann I, Benz JP. Correlating sugar transporter expression and activities to identify transporters for an orphan sugar substrate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:83. [PMID: 38189952 PMCID: PMC10774165 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi like Neurospora crassa are able to take up and metabolize important sugars present, for example, in agricultural and human food wastes. However, only a fraction of all putative sugar transporters in filamentous fungi has been characterized to date, and for many sugar substrates, the corresponding transporters are unknown. In N. crassa, only 14 out of the 42 putative major facilitator superfamily (MFS)-type sugar transporters have been characterized so far. To uncover this hidden potential for biotechnology, it is therefore necessary to find new strategies. By correlation of the uptake profile of sugars of interest after different induction conditions with the expression profiles of all 44 genes encoding predicted sugar transporters in N. crassa, together with an exhaustive phylogenetic analysis using sequences of characterized fungal sugar transporters, we aimed to identify transporter candidates for the tested sugars. Following this approach, we found a high correlation of uptake rates and expression strengths for many sugars with dedicated transporters, like galacturonic acid and arabinose, while the correlation is loose for sugars that are transported by several transporters due to functional redundancy. Nevertheless, this combinatorial approach allowed us to elucidate the uptake system for the disaccharide lactose, a by-product of the dairy industry, which consists of the two main cellodextrin transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2 with a minor contribution of the related transporter NCU00809. Moreover, a non-MFS transporter involved in glycerol transport was also identified. Deorphanization of sugar transporters or identification of transporters for orphan sugar substrates by correlation of uptake kinetics with transporter expression and phylogenetic information can thus provide a way to optimize the reuse of food industry by-products and agricultural wastes by filamentous fungi in order to create economic value and reduce their environmental impact. KEY POINTS: • The Neurospora crassa genome contains 30 uncharacterized putative sugar transporter genes. • Correlation of transporter expression and sugar uptake profiles can help to identify transporters for orphan sugar substrates. • CDT-1, CDT-2, and NCU00809 are key players in the transport of the dairy by-product lactose in N. crassa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Tamayo
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Basant Nada
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Isabell Hafermann
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - J Philipp Benz
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Hu Y, Dong H, Chen H, Shen X, Li H, Wen Q, Wang F, Qi Y, Shen J. PoSnf1 affects cellulose utilization through interaction with cellobiose transporter in Pleurotus ostreatus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133503. [PMID: 38944091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most cultivated edible fungi worldwide, but its lignocellulose utilization efficiency is relatively low (<50 %), which eventually affects the biological efficiency of P. ostreatus. Improving cellulase production and activity will contribute to enhancing the lignocellulose-degrading capacity of P. ostreatus. AMP-activated/Snf1 protein kinase plays important roles in regulating carbon and energy metabolism. The Snf1 homolog (PoSnf1) in P. ostreatus was obtained and analyzed using bioinformatics. The cellulose response of PoSnf1, the effect of the phosphorylation level of PoSnf1 on the expression of cellulose degradation-related genes, the putative proteins that interact with the phosphorylated PoSnf1 (P-PoSnf1), the cellobiose transport function of two sugar transporters (STP1 and STP2), and the interactions between PoSnf1 and STP1/STP2 were studied in this research. We found that cellulose treatment improved the phosphorylation level of PoSnf1, which further affected cellulase activity and the expression of most cellulose degradation-related genes. A total of 1, 024 proteins putatively interacting with P-PoSnf1 were identified, and they were enriched mainly in the substances transport and metabolism. Most of the putative cellulose degradation-related protein-coding genes could respond to cellulose. Among the P-PoSnf1-interacting proteins, the functions of two sugar transporters (STP1 and STP2) were further studied, and the results showed that both could transport cellobiose and were indirectly regulated by P-PoSnf1, and that STP2 could directly interact with PoSnf1. The results of this study indicated that PoSnf1 plays an important role in regulating the expression of cellulose degradation genes possibly by affecting cellobiose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Enzyme Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Department, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haozhe Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Enzyme Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Department, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Enzyme Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Department, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Enzyme Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Department, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Enzyme Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Department, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Enzyme Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Department, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancheng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Enzyme Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Department, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Enzyme Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Department, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.
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Omar MN, Minggu MM, Nor Muhammad NA, Abdul PM, Zhang Y, Ramzi AB. Towards consolidated bioprocessing of biomass and plastic substrates for semi-synthetic production of bio-poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) polymer using omics-guided construction of artificial microbial consortia. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 177:110429. [PMID: 38537325 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) plastic is a 100% renewable polyester that is currently being pursued for commercialization as the next-generation bio-based plastic. This is in line with growing demand for circular bioeconomy and new plastics economy that is aimed at minimizing plastic waste mismanagement and lowering carbon footprint of plastics. However, the current catalytic route for the synthesis of PEF is impeded with technical challenges including high cost of pretreatment and catalyst refurbishment. On the other hand, the semi-biosynthetic route of PEF plastic production is of increased biotechnological interest. In particular, the PEF monomers (Furan dicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol) can be synthesized via microbial-based biorefinery and purified for subsequent catalyst-mediated polycondensation into PEF. Several bioengineering and bioprocessing issues such as efficient substrate utilization and pathway optimization need to be addressed prior to establishing industrial-scale production of the monomers. This review highlights current advances in semi-biosynthetic production of PEF monomers using consolidated waste biorefinery strategies, with an emphasis on the employment of omics-driven systems biology approaches in enzyme discovery and pathway construction. The roles of microbial protein transporters will be discussed, especially in terms of improving substrate uptake and utilization from lignocellulosic biomass, as well as from depolymerized plastic waste as potential bio-feedstock. The employment of artificial bioengineered microbial consortia will also be highlighted to provide streamlined systems and synthetic biology strategies for bio-based PEF monomer production using both plant biomass and plastic-derived substrates, which are important for circular and new plastics economy advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Norfikri Omar
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Matthlessa Matthew Minggu
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ying Zhang
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ahmad Bazli Ramzi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
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Miller ML, Nagarajan R, Thauland TJ, Butte MJ. Enhancing tumor-infiltrating T cells with an exclusive fuel source. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.595053. [PMID: 38826342 PMCID: PMC11142041 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.595053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumors harbor immunosuppressive microenvironments that inhibit tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) through the voracious consumption of glucose. We sought to restore TIL function by providing them with an exclusive fuel source. The glucose disaccharide cellobiose, which is a building block of cellulose, contains a β-1,4-glycosidic bond that cannot be hydrolyzed by animals (or their tumors), but fungal and bacterial organisms have evolved enzymes to catabolize cellobiose and use the resulting glucose. By equipping T cells with two proteins that enable import and hydrolysis of cellobiose, we demonstrate that supplementation of cellobiose during glucose withdrawal restores T cell cytokine production and cellular proliferation. Murine tumor growth is suppressed and survival is prolonged. Offering exclusive access to a natural disaccharide is a new tool that augments cancer immunotherapies. Beyond cancer, this approach could be used to answer questions about the regulation of glucose metabolism across many cell types, biological processes, and diseases.
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Vasylyshyn R, Dmytruk O, Sybirnyy A, Ruchała J. Engineering of Ogataea polymorpha strains with ability for high-temperature alcoholic fermentation of cellobiose. FEMS Yeast Res 2024; 24:foae007. [PMID: 38400543 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful conversion of cellulosic biomass into biofuels requires organisms capable of efficiently utilizing xylose as well as cellodextrins and glucose. Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha is the natural xylose-metabolizing organism and is one of the most thermotolerant yeasts known, with a maximum growth temperature above 50°C. Cellobiose-fermenting strains, derivatives of an improved ethanol producer from xylose O. polymorpha BEP/cat8∆, were constructed in this work by the introduction of heterologous genes encoding cellodextrin transporters (CDTs) and intracellular enzymes (β-glucosidase or cellobiose phosphorylase) that hydrolyze cellobiose. For this purpose, the genes gh1-1 of β-glucosidase, CDT-1m and CDT-2m of cellodextrin transporters from Neurospora crassa and the CBP gene coding for cellobiose phosphorylase from Saccharophagus degradans, were successfully expressed in O. polymorpha. Through metabolic engineering and mutagenesis, strains BEP/cat8∆/gh1-1/CDT-1m and BEP/cat8∆/CBP-1/CDT-2mAM were developed, showing improved parameters for high-temperature alcoholic fermentation of cellobiose. The study highlights the need for further optimization to enhance ethanol yields and elucidate cellobiose metabolism intricacies in O. polymorpha yeast. This is the first report of the successful development of stable methylotrophic thermotolerant strains of O. polymorpha capable of coutilizing cellobiose, glucose, and xylose under high-temperature alcoholic fermentation conditions at 45°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksolana Vasylyshyn
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 2D Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAN of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Dmytruk
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 2D Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAN of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Sybirnyy
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 2D Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAN of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Justyna Ruchała
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 2D Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAN of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
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Zhang Y, Nada B, Baker SE, Evans JE, Tian C, Benz JP, Tamayo E. Unveiling a classical mutant in the context of the GH3 β-glucosidase family in Neurospora crassa. AMB Express 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38180602 PMCID: PMC10770018 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical fungal mutant strains obtained by mutagenesis have helped to elucidate fundamental metabolic pathways in the past. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, the gluc-1 strain was isolated long ago and characterized by its low level of β-glucosidase activity, which is essential for the degradation of cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and the main polymeric component of the plant cell wall. Based on genomic resequencing, we hypothesized that the causative mutation resides in the β-glucosidase gene gh3-3 (bgl6, NCU08755). In this work, growth patterns, enzymatic activities and sugar utilization rates were analyzed in several mutant and overexpression strains related to gluc-1 and gh3-3. In addition, different mutants affected in the degradation and transport of cellobiose were analyzed. While overexpression of gh3-3 led to the recovery of β-glucosidase activity in the gluc-1 mutant, as well as normal utilization of cellobiose, the full gene deletion strain Δgh3-3 was found to behave differently than gluc-1 with lower secreted β-glucosidase activity, indicating a dominant role of the amino acid substitution in the point mutated gh3-3 gene of gluc-1. Our results furthermore confirm that GH3-3 is the major extracellular β-glucosidase in N. crassa and demonstrate that the two cellodextrin transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2 are essential for growth on cellobiose when the three main N. crassa β-glucosidases are absent. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of cellulose utilization in filamentous fungi, being an essential step in the efficient production of biorefinable sugars from agricultural and forestry plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Basant Nada
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Scott E Baker
- DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Microbial Molecular Phenotyping Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Microbial Molecular Phenotyping Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - J Philipp Benz
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Tamayo
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Li M, Zhu R, Xin Y, Guo Z, Gu Z, Guo Z, Zhang L. Installing xylose assimilation and cellodextrin phosphorolysis pathways in obese Yarrowia lipolytica facilitates cost-effective lipid production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:186. [PMID: 38031183 PMCID: PMC10688077 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yarrowia lipolytica, one of the most charming chassis cells in synthetic biology, is unable to use xylose and cellodextrins. RESULTS Herein, we present work to tackle for the first time the engineering of Y. lipolytica to produce lipids from cellodextrins and xylose by employing rational and combinatorial strategies. This includes constructing a cellodextrin-phosphorolytic Y. lipolytica by overexpressing Neurospora crassa cellodextrin transporter, Clostridium thermocellum cellobiose/cellodextrin phosphorylase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphoglucomutase. The effect of glucose repression on xylose consumption was relieved by installing a xylose uptake facilitator combined with enhanced PPP pathway and increased cytoplasmic NADPH supply. Further enhancing lipid production and interrupting its consumption conferred the obese phenotype to the engineered yeast. The strain is able to co-ferment glucose, xylose and cellodextrins efficiently, achieving a similar μmax of 0.19 h-1, a qs of 0.34 g-s/g-DCW/h and a YX/S of 0.54 DCW-g/g-s on these substrates, and an accumulation of up to 40% of lipids on the sugar mixture and on wheat straw hydrolysate. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, engineering Y. lipolytica capable of assimilating xylose and cellodextrins is a vital step towards a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process of LC biomass, allowing improved substrate conversion rate and reduced production cost due to low demand of external glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, People's Republic of China
| | - Moying Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitao Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongpeng Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, People's Republic of China
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Sullivan SF, Shetty A, Bharadwaj T, Krishna N, Trivedi VD, Endalur Gopinarayanan V, Chappell TC, Sellers DM, Pravin Kumar R, Nair NU. Towards universal synthetic heterotrophy using a metabolic coordinator. Metab Eng 2023; 79:14-26. [PMID: 37406763 PMCID: PMC10529783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the utilization of non-native substrates, or synthetic heterotrophy, in proven industrial microbes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents an opportunity to valorize plentiful and renewable sources of carbon and energy as inputs to bioprocesses. We previously demonstrated that activation of the galactose (GAL) regulon, a regulatory structure used by this yeast to coordinate substrate utilization with biomass formation during growth on galactose, during growth on the non-native substrate xylose results in a vastly altered gene expression profile and faster growth compared with constitutive overexpression of the same heterologous catabolic pathway. However, this effort involved the creation of a xylose-inducible variant of Gal3p (Gal3pSyn4.1), the sensor protein of the GAL regulon, preventing this semi-synthetic regulon approach from being easily adapted to additional non-native substrates. Here, we report the construction of a variant Gal3pMC (metabolic coordinator) that exhibits robust GAL regulon activation in the presence of structurally diverse substrates and recapitulates the dynamics of the native system. Multiple molecular modeling studies suggest that Gal3pMC occupies conformational states corresponding to galactose-bound Gal3p in an inducer-independent manner. Using Gal3pMC to test a regulon approach to the assimilation of the non-native lignocellulosic sugars xylose, arabinose, and cellobiose yields higher growth rates and final cell densities when compared with a constitutive overexpression of the same set of catabolic genes. The subsequent demonstration of rapid and complete co-utilization of all three non-native substrates suggests that Gal3pMC-mediated dynamic global gene expression changes by GAL regulon activation may be universally beneficial for engineering synthetic heterotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Sullivan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Anuj Shetty
- Kcat Enzymatic Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560005, India
| | - Tharun Bharadwaj
- Kcat Enzymatic Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560005, India
| | - Naveen Krishna
- Kcat Enzymatic Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560005, India
| | - Vikas D Trivedi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Todd C Chappell
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Daniel M Sellers
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - R Pravin Kumar
- Kcat Enzymatic Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560005, India
| | - Nikhil U Nair
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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9
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Yan S, Xu Y, Yu XW. Role of cellulose response transporter-like protein CRT2 in cellulase induction in Trichoderma reesei. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:118. [PMID: 37488642 PMCID: PMC10364367 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of cellulase in cellulolytic fungi Trichoderma reesei is strongly activated by cellulosic carbon sources. The transport of cellulosic inducer and the perception of inducing signal is generally considered as the critical process for cellulase induction, that the inducing signal would be perceived by a sugar transporter/transceptor in T. reesei. Several sugar transporters are coexpressed during the induction stage, but which function they serve and how they work collaboratively are still difficult to elucidate. RESULTS In this study, we found that the constitutive expression of the cellulose response transporter-like protein CRT2 (previously identified as putative lactose permease TRE77517) improves cellulase induction on a cellulose, cellobiose or lactose medium. Functional studies indicate that the membrane-bound CRT2 is not a transporter of cellobiose, lactose or glucose in a yeast system, and it also does not affect cellobiose and lactose utilization in T. reesei. Further study reveals that CRT2 has a slightly similar function to the cellobiose transporter CRT1 in cellulase induction. Overexpression of CRT2 led to upregulation of CRT1 and the key transcription factor XYR1. Moreover, overexpression of CRT2 could partially compensate for the function loss of CRT1 on cellulase induction. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers the novel function of CRT2 in cellulase induction collaborated with CRT1 and XYR1, possibly as a signal transductor. These results deepen the understanding of the influence of sugar transporters in cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yan
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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10
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Su H, Lin J. Biosynthesis pathways of expanding carbon chains for producing advanced biofuels. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:109. [PMID: 37400889 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Because the thermodynamic property is closer to gasoline, advanced biofuels (C ≥ 6) are appealing for replacing non-renewable fossil fuels using biosynthesis method that has presented a promising approach. Synthesizing advanced biofuels (C ≥ 6), in general, requires the expansion of carbon chains from three carbon atoms to more than six carbon atoms. Despite some specific biosynthesis pathways that have been developed in recent years, adequate summary is still lacking on how to obtain an effective metabolic pathway. Review of biosynthesis pathways for expanding carbon chains will be conducive to selecting, optimizing and discovering novel synthetic route to obtain new advanced biofuels. Herein, we first highlighted challenges on expanding carbon chains, followed by presentation of two biosynthesis strategies and review of three different types of biosynthesis pathways of carbon chain expansion for synthesizing advanced biofuels. Finally, we provided an outlook for the introduction of gene-editing technology in the development of new biosynthesis pathways of carbon chain expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural and Resources, Xian, 710075, Shanxi, China
| | - JiaFu Lin
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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11
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Zhao Z, Gu S, Liu D, Liu D, Chen B, Li J, Tian C. The putative methyltransferase LaeA regulates mycelium growth and cellulase production in Myceliophthora thermophila. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 37013645 PMCID: PMC10071736 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filamentous fungi with the ability to use complex carbon sources has been developed as platforms for biochemicals production. Myceliophthora thermophila has been developed as the cell factory to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes and plant biomass-based biofuels and biochemicals in biorefinery. However, low fungal growth rate and cellulose utilization efficiency are significant barriers to the satisfactory yield and productivity of target products, which needs our further exploration and improvement. RESULTS In this study, we comprehensively explored the roles of the putative methyltransferase LaeA in regulating mycelium growth, sugar consumption, and cellulases expression. Deletion of laeA in thermophile fungus Myceliophthora thermophila enhanced mycelium growth and glucose consumption significantly. Further exploration of LaeA regulatory network indicated that multiple growth regulatory factors (GRF) Cre-1, Grf-1, Grf-2, and Grf-3, which act as negative repressors of carbon metabolism, were regulated by LaeA in this fungus. We also determined that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) is the core node of the metabolic network related to fungal vegetative growth, of which enhancement partially contributed to the elevated sugar consumption and fungal growth of mutant ΔlaeA. Noteworthily, LaeA participated in regulating the expression of cellulase genes and their transcription regulator. ΔlaeA exhibited 30.6% and 5.5% increases in the peak values of extracellular protein and endo-glucanase activity, respectively, as compared to the WT strain. Furthermore, the global histone methylation assays indicated that LaeA is associated with modulating H3K9 methylation levels. The normal function of LaeA on regulating fungal physiology is dependent on methyltransferase activity. CONCLUSIONS The research presented in this study clarified the function and elucidated the regulatory network of LaeA in the regulation of fungal growth and cellulase production, which will significantly deepen our understanding about the regulation mechanism of LaeA in filamentous fungi and provides the new strategy for improvement the fermentation properties of industrial fungal strain by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuying Gu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Defei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Bingchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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12
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Yamada K, Yamamoto T, Uwasa K, Osakabe K, Takano Y. The establishment of multiple knockout mutants of Colletotrichum orbiculare by CRISPR-Cas9 and Cre-loxP systems. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 165:103777. [PMID: 36669556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum orbiculare is employed as a model fungus to analyze molecular aspects of plant-fungus interactions. Although gene disruption via homologous recombination (HR) was established for C. orbiculare, this approach is laborious due to its low efficiency. Here we developed methods to generate multiple knockout mutants of C. orbiculare efficiently. We first found that CRISPR-Cas9 system massively promoted gene-targeting efficiency. By transiently introducing a CRISPR-Cas9 vector, more than 90% of obtained transformants were knockout mutants. Furthermore, we optimized a self-excision Cre-loxP marker recycling system for C. orbiculare because a limited availability of desired selective markers hampers sequential gene disruption. In this system, the integrated selective marker is removable from the genome via Cre recombinase driven by a xylose-inducible promoter, enabling the reuse of the same selective marker for the next transformation. Using our CRISPR-Cas9 and Cre-loxP systems, we attempted to identify functional sugar transporters involved in fungal virulence. Multiple disruptions of putative quinate transporter genes restricted fungal growth on media containing quinate as a sole carbon source, confirming their functionality as quinate transporters. However, our analyses showed that quinate acquisition was dispensable for infection to host plants. In addition, we successfully built mutations of 17 cellobiose transporter genes in a strain. From the data of knockout mutants that we established in this study, we inferred that repetitive rounds of gene disruption using CRISPR-Cas9 and Cre-loxP systems do not cause adverse effects on fungal virulence and growth. Therefore, these systems will be powerful tools to perform a systematic loss-of-function approach for C. orbiculare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Yamada
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan.
| | - Toya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kanon Uwasa
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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13
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Zhang C, Chen H, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang F. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface display technology: Strategies for improvement and applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1056804. [PMID: 36568309 PMCID: PMC9767963 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1056804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial cell surface display technology provides a powerful platform for engineering proteins/peptides with enhanced properties. Compared to the classical intracellular and extracellular expression (secretion) systems, this technology avoids enzyme purification, substrate transport processes, and is an effective solution to enzyme instability. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well suited to cell surface display as a common cell factory for the production of various fuels and chemicals, with the advantages of large cell size, being a Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) organism, and post-translational processing of secreted proteins. In this review, we describe various strategies for constructing modified S. cerevisiae using cell surface display technology and outline various applications of this technology in industrial processes, such as biofuels and chemical products, environmental pollution treatment, and immunization processes. The approaches for enhancing the efficiency of cell surface display are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Fei Wang,
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14
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Han X, Liu J, Tian S, Tao F, Xu P. Microbial cell factories for bio-based biodegradable plastics production. iScience 2022; 25:105462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Identifying the gluc-1 and gluc-2 mutations in Neurospora crassa by genome resequencing. J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Antoniêto ACC, Nogueira KMV, Mendes V, Maués DB, Oshiquiri LH, Zenaide-Neto H, de Paula RG, Gaffey J, Tabatabaei M, Gupta VK, Silva RN. Use of carbohydrate-directed enzymes for the potential exploitation of sugarcane bagasse to obtain value-added biotechnological products. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:456-471. [PMID: 36070819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, are crucial players in the production of enzymatic cocktails for biomass hydrolysis or the bioconversion of plant biomass into products with industrial relevance. The biotechnology industry can exploit lignocellulosic biomass for the production of high-value chemicals. The generation of biotechnological products from lignocellulosic feedstock presents several bottlenecks, including low efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, high cost of enzymes, and limitations on microbe metabolic performance. Genetic engineering offers a route for developing improved microbial strains for biotechnological applications in high-value product biosynthesis. Sugarcane bagasse, for example, is an agro-industrial waste that is abundantly produced in sugar and first-generation processing plants. Here, we review the potential conversion of its feedstock into relevant industrial products via microbial production and discuss the advances that have been made in improving strains for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cristina Campos Antoniêto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Karoline Maria Vieira Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - David Batista Maués
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Harumi Oshiquiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Hermano Zenaide-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Graciano de Paula
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES 29047-105, Brazil
| | - James Gaffey
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, Kerry, Ireland; BiOrbic, Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
| | - Roberto Nascimento Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
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17
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Wang Z, Yang R, Lv W, Zhang W, Meng X, Liu W. Functional Characterization of Sugar Transporter CRT1 Reveals Differential Roles of Its C-Terminal Region in Sugar Transport and Cellulase Induction in Trichoderma reesei. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0087222. [PMID: 35852347 PMCID: PMC9431493 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00872-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of cellulase genes in lignocellulose-degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei is induced by insoluble cellulose and its soluble derivatives. Membrane-localized transporter/transceptor proteins have been thought to be involved in nutrient uptake and/or sensing to initiate the subsequent signal transduction during cellulase gene induction. Crt1 is a sugar transporter proven to be essential for cellulase gene induction although the detailed mechanism of Crt1-triggered cellulase induction remains elusive. In this study, we focused on the C-terminus region of Crt1 which is predicted to exist as an unstructured cytoplasmic tail in T. reesei. Serial C-terminal truncation of Crt1 revealed that deleting the last half of the C-terminal region of Crt1 hardly affected its transporting activity or ability to mediate the induction of cellulase gene expression. In contrast, removal of the entire C-terminus region eliminated both activities. Of note, Crt1-C5, retaining only the first five amino acids of C-terminus, was found to be capable of transporting lactose but failed to restore cellulase gene induction in the Δcrt1 strain. Analysis of the cellular localization of Crt1 showed that Crt1 existed both at the plasma membrane and at the periphery of the nucleus although the functional relevance is not clear at present. Finally, we showed that the cellulase production defect of Δcrt1 was corrected by overexpressing Xyr1, indicating that Xyr1 is a potential regulatory target of the signaling cascade initiated from Crt1. IMPORTANCE The lignocellulose-degrading fungus T. reesei has been widely used in industrial cellulases production. Understanding the precise cellulase gene regulatory network is critical for its genetic engineering to enhance the mass production of cellulases. As the key membrane protein involved in cellulase expression in T. reesei, the detailed mechanism of Crt1 in mediating cellulase induction remains to be investigated. In this study, the C-terminal region of Crt1 was found to be vital for its transport and signaling receptor functions. These two functions are, however, separable because a C-terminal truncation mutant is capable of sugar transporting but loses the ability to mediate cellulase gene expression. Furthermore, the key transcriptional activator Xyr1 represents a downstream target of the Crt1-initiated signaling cascade. Together, our research provides new insights into the function of Crt1 and further contributes to the unveiling of the intricate signal transduction process leading to efficient cellulase gene expression in T. reesei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbiology Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbiology Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbiology Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbiology Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbiology Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbiology Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Fang H, Deng Y, Pan Y, Li C, Yu L. Distributive and collaborative push‐and‐pull in an artificial microbial consortium for improved consolidated bioprocessing. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fang
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, No.733 Jianshe San Road Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, No.38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yuntao Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, No.733 Jianshe San Road Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering Washington State University Pullman Washington United States of America
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19
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Kendrick EG, Bhatia R, Barbosa FC, Goldbeck R, Gallagher JA, Leak DJ. Enzymatic generation of short chain cello-oligosaccharides from Miscanthus using different pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127399. [PMID: 35640812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme combinations producing short-chain cello-oligosaccharides (COS) as major bio-products from cellulose of Miscanthus Mx2779 accessed through different pretreatment methods were compared. Over short hydrolysis times, processive endoglucanase TfCel9a produced a high percentage of cellotetraose and cellopentaose and is synergistic with endoglucanase CcCel9m for producing short oligomers from amorphous cellulose but had low activity on untreated Miscanthus. Hydrolysis of the latter improved when these were combined with a mutant cellobio/triohydrolase OsCelC7(-105) and a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase TrCel61a, a combination which also produced the highest COS yields from phosphoric acid swollen cellulose. Steam explosion pretreatment of Miscanthus increased COS yields, with/without phosphoric acid swelling, while increased swelling time (from 20 to 45 min) also increased yields but decreased the need for TrCel61a. The highest COS yields (933 mg/g glucan) and most stable product profile were obtained using ionic liquid [C2mim][OAc] pretreatment and the three enzyme mixture TfCel9a, Cel9m and OsCel7a(-105).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakesh Bhatia
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK; Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Fernando C Barbosa
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Goldbeck
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Joe A Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - David J Leak
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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20
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Zhang Y, Xu Z, Lu M, Ding B, Chen S, Wen Z, Yu Y, Zhou L, Jin M. Rapid evolution and mechanism elucidation for efficient cellobiose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Synthetic Chromosome Rearrangement and Modification by LoxPsym-mediated Evolution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 356:127268. [PMID: 35533888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lack of cellobiose utilization capability for many microorganisms results in carbon source waste in lignocellulosic biorefinery. In this study, genes for cellobiose transport and hydrolysis were introduced to Saccharomyces cerevisiae synV, a semi-synthetic yeast with an inducible SCRaMbLE (Synthetic Chromosome Rearrangement and Modification by LoxPsym-mediated Evolution) system incorporated into its chromosome V, endowing cellobiose utilization capability to this strain. Thereafter, two evolved strains with 98.1% and 79.2% improvement, respectively, in cellobiose utilization rate were obtained through induced SCRaMbLE. Further studies suggested that the enhanced cellobiose utilization capability directly correlated with copy number increases of introduced genes and some chromosome structural variations. In particular, it was experimentally demonstrated for the first time that deletion of redox stress related gene MXR1 and ATP conversion related gene ADK2 contributed to enhanced cellobiose conversion. Thereafter, the effectiveness of MXR1 and ADK2 deletions was demonstrated in artificial hydrolysate and rice straw hydrolysate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Minrui Lu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Boning Ding
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Ylinen A, de Ruijter JC, Jouhten P, Penttilä M. PHB production from cellobiose with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:124. [PMID: 35729556 PMCID: PMC9210708 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of petrochemical-based materials with microbially produced biodegradable alternatives calls for industrially attractive fermentation processes. Lignocellulosic materials offer non-edible alternatives for cultivated sugars, but require often use of expensive sugar releasing enzymes, such as β-glucosidases. These cellulose treatment costs could be reduced if microbial production hosts could use short cellodextrins such as cellobiose directly as their substrates. In this study, we demonstrate production of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using cellobiose as a sole carbon source. Yeast strains expressing PHB pathway genes from Cupriavidus necator and cellodextrin transporter gene CDT-1 from Neurospora crassa were complemented either with β-glucosidase gene GH1-1 from N. crassa or with cellobiose phosphorylase gene cbp from Ruminococcus flavefaciens. These cellobiose utilization routes either with Gh1-1 or Cbp enzymes differ in energetics and dynamics. However, both routes enabled higher PHB production per consumed sugar and higher PHB accumulation % of cell dry weight (CDW) than use of glucose as a carbon source. As expected, the strains with Gh1-1 consumed cellobiose faster than the strains with Cbp, both in flask and bioreactor batch cultures. In shake flasks, higher final PHB accumulation % of CDW was reached with Cbp route (10.0 ± 0.3%) than with Gh1-1 route (8.1 ± 0.2%). However, a higher PHB accumulation was achieved in better aerated and pH-controlled bioreactors, in comparison to shake flasks, and the relative performance of strains switched. In bioreactors, notable PHB accumulation levels per CDW of 13.4 ± 0.9% and 18.5 ± 3.9% were achieved with Cbp and Gh1-1 routes, respectively. The average molecular weights of accumulated PHB were similar using both routes; approximately 500 kDa and 450 kDa for strains expressing either cbp or GH1-1 genes, respectively. The formation of PHB with high molecular weights, combined with efficient cellobiose conversion, demonstrates a highly potential solution for improving attractiveness of sustainable polymer production using microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ylinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jorg C de Ruijter
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Paula Jouhten
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Espoo, Finland
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22
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Sugita T, Koketsu K. Transporter Engineering Enables the Efficient Production of Lacto- N-triose II and Lacto- N-tetraose in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5106-5114. [PMID: 35426313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lacto-N-triose (LNT II) and lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) with various potential functions for infants. HMO production by Escherichia coli fermentation has attracted attention in recent years. However, little is known about the cellular export of HMOs. In this study, we identified four endogenous E. coli transporter genes (setA, setB, ydeA, and mdfA), overexpression of which significantly increased the efficiency of LNT II production. The setA-enhanced strain accumulated 34.2 g/L LNT II in a 3 L bioreactor. In the production of LNT, which uses LNT II as an intermediate, disruption of setA remarkably decreased the LNT II accumulation and enhanced the titer of LNT. Furthermore, by heterologous expression of extracellular β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum, which degrades LNT II, we eliminated LNT II completely. This study shows that regulation of sugar efflux transporters in E. coli can increase the production of HMOs and decrease the amounts of undesired byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotoshi Sugita
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kento Koketsu
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan
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23
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Choi HJ, Jin YS, Lee WH. Effects of Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermenting Cellobiose through Low-Energy-Consuming Phosphorolytic Pathway in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:117-125. [PMID: 34949751 PMCID: PMC9628822 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2111.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, four types of cellobiose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have been developed by introduction of a cellobiose metabolic pathway based on either intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1) or cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP), along with either an energy-consuming active cellodextrin transporter (CDT-1) or a non-energy-consuming passive cellodextrin facilitator (CDT-2). In this study, the ethanol production performance of two cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains expressing mutant CDT-2 (N306I) with GH1-1 or CBP were compared with two cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains expressing mutant CDT-1 (F213L) with GH1-1 or CBP in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose under various conditions. It was found that, regardless of the SSF conditions, the phosphorolytic cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae expressing mutant CDT-2 with CBP showed the best ethanol production among the four strains. In addition, during SSF contaminated by lactic acid bacteria, the phosphorolytic cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae expressing mutant CDT-2 with CBP showed the highest ethanol production and the lowest lactate formation compared with those of other strains, such as the hydrolytic cellobiose-fermenting S. cerevisiae expressing mutant CDT-1 with GH1-1, and the glucose-fermenting S. cerevisiae with extracellular β-glucosidase. These results suggest that the cellobiose-fermenting yeast strain exhibiting low energy consumption can enhance the efficiency of the SSF of cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Choi
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, and Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Corresponding authors Y.S. Jin Phone: +217-333-7981 Fax: +217-333-0508 E-mail:
| | - Won-Heong Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, and Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,
W.H. Lee Phone: +82-62-530-2046 Fax: +82-62-530-2047 E-mail:
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24
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Teixeira AP, Stücheli P, Ausländer S, Ausländer D, Schönenberger P, Hürlemann S, Fussenegger M. CelloSelect - A synthetic cellobiose metabolic pathway for selection of stable transgenic CHO cell lines. Metab Eng 2022; 70:23-30. [PMID: 35007751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current protocols for generating stable transgenic cell lines mostly rely on antibiotic selection or the use of specialized cell lines lacking an essential part of their metabolic machinery, but these approaches require working with either toxic chemicals or knockout cell lines, which can reduce productivity. Since most mammalian cells cannot utilize cellobiose, a disaccharide consisting of two β-1,4-linked glucose molecules, we designed an antibiotic-free selection system, CelloSelect, which consists of a selection cassette encoding Neurospora crassa cellodextrin transporter CDT1 and β-glucosidase GH1-1. When cultivated in glucose-free culture medium containing cellobiose, CelloSelect-transfected cells proliferate by metabolizing cellobiose as a primary energy source, and are protected from glucose starvation. We show that the combination of CelloSelect with a PiggyBac transposase-based integration strategy provides a platform for the swift and efficient generation of stable transgenic cell lines. Growth rate analysis of metabolically engineered cells in cellobiose medium confirmed the expansion of cells stably expressing high levels of a cargo fluorescent marker protein. We further validated this strategy by applying the CelloSelect system for stable integration of sequences encoding two biopharmaceutical proteins, erythropoietin and the monoclonal antibody rituximab, and confirmed that the proteins are efficiently produced in either cellobiose- or glucose-containing medium in suspension-adapted CHO cells cultured in chemically defined media. We believe coupling heterologous metabolic pathways additively to the endogenous metabolism of mammalian cells has the potential to complement or to replace current cell-line selection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Teixeira
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Stücheli
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Ausländer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Ausländer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schönenberger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Hürlemann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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Fuchs T, Melcher F, Rerop ZS, Lorenzen J, Shaigani P, Awad D, Haack M, Prem SA, Masri M, Mehlmer N, Brueck TB. Identifying carbohydrate-active enzymes of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus using systems biology. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:205. [PMID: 34711240 PMCID: PMC8555327 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus represents one of the most promising microbial platforms for resource-efficient and scalable lipid production, with the capacity to accept a wide range of carbohydrates encapsulated in complex biomass waste or lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Currently, data related to molecular aspects of the metabolic utilisation of oligomeric carbohydrates are sparse. In addition, comprehensive proteomic information for C. oleaginosus focusing on carbohydrate metabolism is not available. Results In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of carbohydrate intake and utilisation by C. oleaginosus and investigated the influence of different di- and trisaccharide as carbon sources. Changes in the cellular growth and morphology could be observed, depending on the selected carbon source. The greatest changes in morphology were observed in media containing trehalose. A comprehensive proteomic analysis of secreted, cell wall-associated, and cytoplasmatic proteins was performed, which highlighted differences in the composition and quantity of secreted proteins, when grown on different disaccharides. Based on the proteomic data, we performed a relative quantitative analysis of the identified proteins (using glucose as the reference carbon source) and observed carbohydrate-specific protein distributions. When using cellobiose or lactose as the carbon source, we detected three- and five-fold higher diversity in terms of the respective hydrolases released. Furthermore, the analysis of the secreted enzymes enabled identification of the motif with the consensus sequence LALL[LA]L[LA][LA]AAAAAAA as a potential signal peptide. Conclusions Relative quantification of spectral intensities from crude proteomic datasets enabled the identification of new enzymes and provided new insights into protein secretion, as well as the molecular mechanisms of carbo-hydrolases involved in the cleavage of the selected carbon oligomers. These insights can help unlock new substrate sources for C. oleaginosus, such as low-cost by-products containing difficult to utilize carbohydrates. In addition, information regarding the carbo-hydrolytic potential of C. oleaginosus facilitates a more precise engineering approach when using targeted genetic approaches. This information could be used to find new and more cost-effective carbon sources for microbial lipid production by the oleaginous yeast C. oleaginosus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01692-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fuchs
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Melcher
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Zora Selina Rerop
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Lorenzen
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Pariya Shaigani
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sophia Alice Prem
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Masri
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas B Brueck
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology (WSSB), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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26
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Podolsky IA, Schauer EE, Seppälä S, O'Malley MA. Identification of novel membrane proteins for improved lignocellulose conversion. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:198-204. [PMID: 34482155 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose processing yields a heterogeneous mixture of substances, which are poorly utilized by current industrial strains. For efficient valorization of recalcitrant biomass, it is critical to identify and engineer new membrane proteins that enable the broad uptake of hydrolyzed substrates. Whereas glucose consumption rarely presents a bottleneck for cell factories, there is also a lack of transporters that allow co-consumption of glucose with other abundant biomass sugars such as xylose. This review discusses recent efforts to bioinformatically identify membrane proteins of high biotech potential for lignocellulose conversion and metabolic engineering in both model and nonconventional organisms. Of particular interest are transporters sourced from anaerobic gut fungi resident to large herbivores, which produce Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) that enhance xylose transport in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and enable glucose and xylose co-utilization. Additionally, recently identified fungal cellodextrin transporters are valuable alternatives to mitigate glucose repression and transporter inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Podolsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Schauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Susanna Seppälä
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michelle A O'Malley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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27
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Complete and efficient conversion of plant cell wall hemicellulose into high-value bioproducts by engineered yeast. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4975. [PMID: 34404791 PMCID: PMC8371099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall hydrolysates contain not only sugars but also substantial amounts of acetate, a fermentation inhibitor that hinders bioconversion of lignocellulose. Despite the toxic and non-consumable nature of acetate during glucose metabolism, we demonstrate that acetate can be rapidly co-consumed with xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The co-consumption leads to a metabolic re-configuration that boosts the synthesis of acetyl-CoA derived bioproducts, including triacetic acid lactone (TAL) and vitamin A, in engineered strains. Notably, by co-feeding xylose and acetate, an enginered strain produces 23.91 g/L TAL with a productivity of 0.29 g/L/h in bioreactor fermentation. This strain also completely converts a hemicellulose hydrolysate of switchgrass into 3.55 g/L TAL. These findings establish a versatile strategy that not only transforms an inhibitor into a valuable substrate but also expands the capacity of acetyl-CoA supply in S. cerevisiae for efficient bioconversion of cellulosic biomass. Cellulosic hydrolysates contain substantial amounts of acetate, which is toxic to fermenting microorganisms. Here, the authors engineer Baker’s yeast to co-consume xylose and acetate for triacetic acid lactone production from a hemicellulose hydrolysate of switchgrass.
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28
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Montaño López J, Duran L, Avalos JL. Physiological limitations and opportunities in microbial metabolic engineering. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 20:35-48. [PMID: 34341566 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering can have a pivotal role in increasing the environmental sustainability of the transportation and chemical manufacturing sectors. The field has already developed engineered microorganisms that are currently being used in industrial-scale processes. However, it is often challenging to achieve the titres, yields and productivities required for commercial viability. The efficiency of microbial chemical production is usually dependent on the physiological traits of the host organism, which may either impose limitations on engineered biosynthetic pathways or, conversely, boost their performance. In this Review, we discuss different aspects of microbial physiology that often create obstacles for metabolic engineering, and present solutions to overcome them. We also describe various instances in which natural or engineered physiological traits in host organisms have been harnessed to benefit engineered metabolic pathways for chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Montaño López
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lisset Duran
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - José L Avalos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. .,Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. .,Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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29
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Lee WH, Jin YS. Observation of Cellodextrin Accumulation Resulted from Non-Conventional Secretion of Intracellular β-Glucosidase by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermenting Cellobiose. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1035-1043. [PMID: 34226403 PMCID: PMC9705985 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2105.05018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermenting cellobiose is useful for the production of biofuels from cellulosic biomass, cellodextrin accumulation is one of the main problems reducing ethanol yield and productivity in cellobiose fermentation with S. cerevisiae expressing cellodextrin transporter (CDT) and intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1). In this study, we investigated the reason for the cellodextrin accumulation and how to alleviate its formation during cellobiose fermentation using engineered S. cerevisiae fermenting cellobiose. From the series of cellobiose fermentation using S. cerevisiae expressing only GH1-1 under several culture conditions, it was discovered that small amounts of GH1-1 were secreted and cellodextrin was generated through trans-glycosylation activity of the secreted GH1-1. As GH1-1 does not have a secretion signal peptide, non-conventional protein secretion might facilitate the secretion of GH1-1. In cellobiose fermentations with S. cerevisiae expressing only GH1-1, knockout of TLG2 gene involved in non-conventional protein secretion pathway significantly delayed cellodextrin formation by reducing the secretion of GH1-1 by more than 50%. However, in cellobiose fermentations with S. cerevisiae expressing both GH1-1 and CDT-1, TLG2 knockout did not show a significant effect on cellodextrin formation, although secretion of GH1-1 was reduced by more than 40%. These results suggest that the development of new intracellular β-glucosidase, not influenced by non-conventional protein secretion, is required for better cellobiose fermentation performances of engineered S. cerevisiae fermenting cellobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Heong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, and Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-62-530-2046 Fax: +82-62-530-2047 E-mail:
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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30
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Havukainen S, Pujol-Giménez J, Valkonen M, Westerholm-Parvinen A, Hediger MA, Landowski CP. Electrophysiological characterization of a diverse group of sugar transporters from Trichoderma reesei. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14678. [PMID: 34282161 PMCID: PMC8290022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is an ascomycete fungus known for its capability to secrete high amounts of extracellular cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes. These enzymes are utilized in the production of second-generation biofuels and T. reesei is a well-established host for their production. Although this species has gained considerable interest in the scientific literature, the sugar transportome of T. reesei remains poorly characterized. Better understanding of the proteins involved in the transport of different sugars could be utilized for engineering better enzyme production strains. In this study we aimed to shed light on this matter by characterizing multiple T. reesei transporters capable of transporting various types of sugars. We used phylogenetics to select transporters for expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes to screen for transport activities. Of the 18 tested transporters, 8 were found to be functional in oocytes. 10 transporters in total were investigated in oocytes and in yeast, and for 3 of them no transport function had been described in literature. This comprehensive analysis provides a large body of new knowledge about T. reesei sugar transporters, and further establishes X. laevis oocytes as a valuable tool for studying fungal sugar transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Havukainen
- Protein Production Team, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jonai Pujol-Giménez
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mari Valkonen
- Protein Production Team, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ann Westerholm-Parvinen
- Protein Production Team, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matthias A Hediger
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christopher P Landowski
- Protein Production Team, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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31
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Oh EJ, Jin YS. Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient fermentation of cellulose. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 20:5698803. [PMID: 31917414 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels using microbial fermentation is an attractive option to substitute petroleum-based production economically and sustainably. The substantial efforts to design yeast strains for biomass hydrolysis have led to industrially applicable biological routes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a robust microbial platform widely used in biofuel production, based on its amenability to systems and synthetic biology tools. The critical challenges for the efficient microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass by engineered S. cerevisiae include heterologous expression of cellulolytic enzymes, co-fermentation of hexose and pentose sugars, and robustness against various stresses. Scientists developed many engineering strategies for cellulolytic S. cerevisiae strains, bringing the application of consolidated bioprocess at an industrial scale. Recent advances in the development and implementation of engineered yeast strains capable of assimilating lignocellulose will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joong Oh
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Dr., CO 80303, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 905 S. Goodwin Ave., IL 61801, USA.,1105 Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr. Urbana, IL 61801. USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Dr. Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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32
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Ha-Tran DM, Lai RY, Nguyen TTM, Huang E, Lo SC, Huang CC. Construction of engineered RuBisCO Kluyveromyces marxianus for a dual microbial bioethanol production system. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247135. [PMID: 33661900 PMCID: PMC7932148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) genes play important roles in CO2 fixation and redox balancing in photosynthetic bacteria. In the present study, the kefir yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus 4G5 was used as host for the transformation of form I and form II RubisCO genes derived from the nonsulfur purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris using the Promoter-based Gene Assembly and Simultaneous Overexpression (PGASO) method. Hungateiclostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405, a well-known bacterium for its efficient solubilization of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass, was used to degrade Napier grass and rice straw to generate soluble fermentable sugars. The resultant Napier grass and rice straw broths were used as growth media for the engineered K. marxianus. In the dual microbial system, H. thermocellum degraded the biomass feedstock to produce both C5 and C6 sugars. As the bacterium only used hexose sugars, the remaining pentose sugars could be metabolized by K. marxianus to produce ethanol. The transformant RubisCO K. marxianus strains grew well in hydrolyzed Napier grass and rice straw broths and produced bioethanol more efficiently than the wild type. Therefore, these engineered K. marxianus strains could be used with H. thermocellum in a bacterium-yeast coculture system for ethanol production directly from biomass feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Minh Ha-Tran
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Yin Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Trinh Thi My Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Huang
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chen Lo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SCL); (CCH)
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SCL); (CCH)
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Datamining and functional environmental genomics reassess the phylogenetics and functional diversity of fungal monosaccharide transporters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:647-660. [PMID: 33394157 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sugar transporters are essential components of carbon metabolism and have been extensively studied to control sugar uptake by yeasts and filamentous fungi used in fermentation processes. Based on published information on characterized fungal sugar porters, we show that this protein family encompasses phylogenetically distinct clades. While several clades encompass transporters that seemingly specialized on specific "sugar-related" molecules (e.g., myo-inositol, charged sugar analogs), others include mostly either mono- or di/oligosaccharide low-specificity transporters. To address the issue of substrate specificity of sugar transporters, that protein primary sequences do not fully reveal, we screened "multi-species" soil eukaryotic cDNA libraries for mannose transporters, a sugar that had never been used to select transporters. We obtained 19 environmental transporters, mostly from Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Among them, one belonged to the unusual "Fucose H+ Symporter" family, which is only known in Fungi for a rhamnose transporter in Aspergillus niger. Functional analysis of the 19 transporters by expression in yeast and for two of them in Xenopus laevis oocytes for electrophysiological measurements indicated that most of them showed a preference for D-mannose over other tested D-C6 (glucose, fructose, galactose) or D-C5 (xylose) sugars. For the several glucose and fructose-negative transporters, growth of the corresponding recombinant yeast strains was prevented on mannose in the presence of one of these sugars that may act by competition for the binding site. Our results highlight the potential of environmental genomics to figure out the functional diversity of key fungal protein families and that can be explored in a context of biotechnology. KEY POINTS: • Most fungal sugar transporters accept several sugars as substrates. • Transporters, belonging to 2 protein families, were isolated from soil cDNA libraries. • Environmental transporters featured novel substrate specificities.
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Effect of Oligosaccharide Degree of Polymerization on the Induction of Xylan-Degrading Enzymes by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245849. [PMID: 33322262 PMCID: PMC7764074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylan is one of the most abundant carbohydrates on Earth. Complete degradation of xylan is achieved by the collaborative action of endo-β-1,4-xylanases and β-d-xylosidases and a number of accessories enzymes. In filamentous fungi, the xylanolytic system is controlled through induction and repression. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Substrates containing xylan promote the induction of xylanases, which release xylooligosaccharides. These, in turn, induce expression of xylanase-encoding genes. Here, we aimed to determine which xylan degradation products acted as inducers, and whether the size of the released oligomer correlated with its induction strength. To this end, we compared xylanase production by different inducers, such as sophorose, lactose, cellooligosaccharides, and xylooligosaccharides in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Results indicate that xylooligosaccharides are more effective than other substrates at inducing endoxylanase and β-xylosidases. Moreover, we report a correlation between the degree of xylooligosaccharide polymerization and induction efficiency of each enzyme. Specifically, xylotetraose is the best inducer of endoxylanase, xylohexaose of extracellular β-xylosidase, and xylobiose of cell-bound β-xylosidase.
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Mohapatra S, Ranjan Mishra R, Nayak B, Chandra Behera B, Das Mohapatra PK. Development of co-culture yeast fermentation for efficient production of biobutanol from rice straw: A useful insight in valorization of agro industrial residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124070. [PMID: 32942093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Escalating environmental concerns and petroleum demands leads into the present study. In this investigation delignification of rice straw was optimized by NaOH and H2SO4 pretreatment using L16 Taguchi orthogonal array. NaOH pretreatment revealed higher delignification as compared to H2SO4 and; further subjected to separate enzymatic hydrolysis and co-fermentation (SHCF) using RSM as the SHCF demonstrated a maximum glucose and xylose yield of 575 and 205 mg/g. Further, butanol concentration of 4.32 g/L was achieved from 20 g/L of sugar loadings by co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia sp. at 72 h of incubation time which was 79.25% higher as compared to monocultures of Pichia sp. Scale-up experiments with higher sugar loadings (90 g/L) demonstrated a butanol concentration of 13.3 g/L. The release of amino acids in co-culture and monoculture systems demonstrated that the addition of S. cerevisiae promoted the butanol synthesis pathway which led to higher butanol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engg. & Technology, Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, MITS School of Biotechnology, KIIT Road, Infocity, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Bikash Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, MITS School of Biotechnology, KIIT Road, Infocity, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
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Dudek M, Dieudonné A, Jouanneau D, Rochat T, Michel G, Sarels B, Thomas F. Regulation of alginate catabolism involves a GntR family repressor in the marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7786-7800. [PMID: 32585009 PMCID: PMC7641319 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine flavobacteria possess dedicated Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PULs) enabling efficient degradation of a variety of algal polysaccharides. The expression of these PULs is tightly controlled by the presence of the substrate, yet details on the regulatory mechanisms are still lacking. The marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT digests many algal polysaccharides, including alginate from brown algae. Its complex Alginate Utilization System (AUS) comprises a PUL and several other loci. Here, we showed that the expression of the AUS is strongly and rapidly (<30 min) induced upon addition of alginate, leading to biphasic substrate utilization. Polymeric alginate is first degraded into smaller oligosaccharides that accumulate in the extracellular medium before being assimilated. We found that AusR, a GntR family protein encoded within the PUL, regulates alginate catabolism by repressing the transcription of most AUS genes. Based on our genetic, genomic, transcriptomic and biochemical results, we propose the first model of regulation for a PUL in marine bacteria. AusR binds to promoters of AUS genes via single, double or triple copies of operator. Upon addition of alginate, secreted enzymes expressed at a basal level catalyze the initial breakdown of the polymer. Metabolic intermediates produced during degradation act as effectors of AusR and inhibit the formation of AusR/DNA complexes, thus lifting transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dudek
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Anissa Dieudonné
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Diane Jouanneau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Tatiana Rochat
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Benoit Sarels
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Université de Paris, 75252 Paris, France
| | - François Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
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Identification of an intracellular β-glucosidase in Aspergillus niger with transglycosylation activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8367-8380. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hsu Y, Arioka M. In vitro and in vivo characterization of genes involved in mannan degradation in Neurospora crassa. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 144:103441. [PMID: 32777385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the roles of genes involved in mannan degradation in filamentous fungi, in this study we searched, identified, and characterized one putative GH5 endo-β-mannanase (GH5-7) and two putative GH2 mannan-degrading enzymes (GH2-1 and GH2-4) in Neurospora crassa. Real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that the expression levels of these genes were significantly up-regulated when the cells were grown in mannan-containing media where the induction level of gh5-7 was the highest. All three proteins were heterologously expressed and purified. GH5-7 displayed a substrate preference toward galactomannan by showing 10-times higher catalytic efficiency than to linear β-mannan. In contrast, GH2-1 preferred short manno-oligosaccharides or β-mannan as substrates. Compared to the wild type strain, the growth of Δgh5-7 and Δgh5-7Δgh2-4 mutants, but not Δgh2-1, Δgh2-4, and Δgh2-1Δgh2-4 mutants, was poor in the cultures containing glucomannan or galactomannan as the sole carbon source, suggesting that GH5-7 plays a critical role in the utilization of heteromannans in vivo. On the other hand, all the mutants showed significantly slow growth when grown in the medium containing linear β-mannan. Collectively, these results indicate that N. crassa can utilize glucomannan and galactomannan without GH2-1 and GH2-4, but efficient degradation of β-mannan requires a concerted action of three enzymes, GH5-7, GH2-1, and GH2-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Manabu Arioka
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology (CRIIM), The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Kyu MT, Nishio S, Noda K, Dar B, Aye SS, Matsuda T. Predominant secretion of cellobiohydrolases and endo-β-1,4-glucanases in nutrient-limited medium by Aspergillus spp. isolated from subtropical field. J Biochem 2020; 168:243-256. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Biological degradation of cellulose from dead plants in nature and plant biomass from agricultural and food-industry waste is important for sustainable carbon recirculation. This study aimed at searching diverse cellulose-degrading systems of wild filamentous fungi and obtaining fungal lines useful for cellooligosaccharide production from agro-industrial wastes. Fungal lines with cellulolytic activity were screened and isolated from stacked rice straw and soil in subtropical fields. Among 13 isolated lines, in liquid culture with a nutrition-limited cellulose-containing medium, four lines of Aspergillus spp. secreted 50–60 kDa proteins as markedly dominant components and gave clear activity bands of possible endo-β-1,4-glucanase in zymography. Mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis of the dominant components identified three endo-β-1,4-glucanases (GH5, GH7 and GH12) and two cellobiohydrolases (GH6 and GH7). Cellulose degradation by the secreted proteins was analysed by LC-MS-based measurement of derivatized reducing sugars. The enzymes from the four Aspergillus spp. produced cellobiose from crystalline cellulose and cellotriose at a low level compared with cellobiose. Moreover, though smaller than that from crystalline cellulose, the enzymes of two representative lines degraded powdered rice straw and produced cellobiose. These fungal lines and enzymes would be effective for production of cellooligosaccharides as cellulose degradation-intermediates with added value other than glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Thin Kyu
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Botany, University of Yangon, University Avenue Road, Kamayut Township 11041, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Shunsuke Nishio
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koki Noda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Bay Dar
- Department of Botany, University of Yangon, University Avenue Road, Kamayut Township 11041, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - San San Aye
- Department of Botany, University of Yangon, University Avenue Road, Kamayut Township 11041, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Quantitative Proteome Profiling Reveals Cellobiose-Dependent Protein Processing and Export Pathways for the Lignocellulolytic Response in Neurospora crassa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00653-20. [PMID: 32471912 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00653-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are intensively used for producing industrial enzymes, including lignocellulases. Employing insoluble cellulose to induce the production of lignocellulases causes some drawbacks, e.g., a complex fermentation operation, which can be overcome by using soluble inducers such as cellobiose. Here, a triple β-glucosidase mutant of Neurospora crassa, which prevents rapid turnover of cellobiose and thus allows the disaccharide to induce lignocellulases, was applied to profile the proteome responses to cellobiose and cellulose (Avicel). Our results revealed a shared proteomic response to cellobiose and Avicel, whose elements included lignocellulases and cellulolytic product transporters. While the cellulolytic proteins showed a correlated increase in protein and mRNA levels, only a moderate correlation was observed on a proteomic scale between protein and mRNA levels (R 2 = 0.31). Ribosome biogenesis and rRNA processing were significantly overrepresented in the protein set with increased protein but unchanged mRNA abundances in response to Avicel. Ribosome biogenesis, as well as protein processing and protein export, was also enriched in the protein set that showed increased abundance in response to cellobiose. NCU05895, a homolog of yeast CWH43, is potentially involved in transferring a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor to nascent proteins. This protein showed increased abundance but no significant change in mRNA levels. Disruption of CWH43 resulted in a significant decrease in cellulase activities and secreted protein levels in cultures grown on Avicel, suggesting a positive regulatory role for CWH43 in cellulase production. The findings should have an impact on a systems engineering approach for strain improvement for the production of lignocellulases.IMPORTANCE Lignocellulases are important industrial enzymes for sustainable production of biofuels and bio-products. Insoluble cellulose has been commonly used to induce the production of lignocellulases in filamentous fungi, which causes a difficult fermentation operation and enzyme loss due to adsorption to cellulose. The disadvantages can be overcome by using soluble inducers, such as the disaccharide cellobiose. Quantitative proteome profiling of the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa revealed cellobiose-dependent pathways for cellulase production, including protein processing and export. A protein (CWH43) potentially involved in protein processing was found to be a positive regulator of lignocellulase production. The cellobiose-dependent mechanisms provide new opportunities to improve the production of lignocellulases in filamentous fungi.
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Bermejo PM, Raghavendran V, Gombert AK. Neither 1G nor 2G fuel ethanol: setting the ground for a sugarcane-based biorefinery using an iSUCCELL yeast platform. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:5836716. [PMID: 32401320 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
First-generation (1G) fuel ethanol production in sugarcane-based biorefineries is an established economic enterprise in Brazil. Second-generation (2G) fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic materials, though extensively investigated, is currently facing severe difficulties to become economically viable. Some of the challenges inherent to these processes could be resolved by efficiently separating and partially hydrolysing the cellulosic fraction of the lignocellulosic materials into the disaccharide cellobiose. Here, we propose an alternative biorefinery, where the sucrose-rich stream from the 1G process is mixed with a cellobiose-rich stream in the fermentation step. The advantages of mixing are 3-fold: (i) decreased concentrations of metabolic inhibitors that are typically produced during pretreatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials; (ii) decreased cooling times after enzymatic hydrolysis prior to fermentation; and (iii) decreased availability of free glucose for contaminating microorganisms and undesired glucose repression effects. The iSUCCELL platform will be built upon the robust Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains currently present in 1G biorefineries, which offer competitive advantage in non-aseptic environments, and into which intracellular hydrolyses of sucrose and cellobiose will be engineered. It is expected that high yields of ethanol can be achieved in a process with cell recycling, lower contamination levels and decreased antibiotic use, when compared to current 2G technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayendran Raghavendran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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de Ruijter JC, Igarashi K, Penttilä M. The Lipomyces starkeyi gene Ls120451 encodes a cellobiose transporter that enables cellobiose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:foaa019. [PMID: 32310262 PMCID: PMC7204792 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Processed lignocellulosic biomass is a source of mixed sugars that can be used for microbial fermentation into fuels or higher value products, like chemicals. Previously, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to utilize its cellodextrins through the heterologous expression of sugar transporters together with an intracellular expressed β-glucosidase. In this study, we screened a selection of eight (putative) cellodextrin transporters from different yeast and fungal hosts in order to extend the catalogue of available cellobiose transporters for cellobiose fermentation in S. cerevisiae. We confirmed that several in silico predicted cellodextrin transporters from Aspergillus niger were capable of transporting cellobiose with low affinity. In addition, we found a novel cellobiose transporter from the yeast Lipomyces starkeyi, encoded by the gene Ls120451. This transporter allowed efficient growth on cellobiose, while it also grew on glucose and lactose, but not cellotriose nor cellotetraose. We characterized the transporter more in-depth together with the transporter CdtG from Penicillium oxalicum. CdtG showed to be slightly more efficient in cellobiose consumption than Ls120451 at concentrations below 1.0 g/L. Ls120451 was more efficient in cellobiose consumption at higher concentrations and strains expressing this transporter grew slightly slower, but produced up to 30% more ethanol than CdtG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg C de Ruijter
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yajoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
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Exploiting strain diversity and rational engineering strategies to enhance recombinant cellulase secretion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5163-5184. [PMID: 32337628 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic material into bioethanol has progressed in the past decades; however, several challenges still exist which impede the industrial application of this technology. Identifying the challenges that exist in all unit operations is crucial and needs to be optimised, but only the barriers related to the secretion of recombinant cellulolytic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae will be addressed in this review. Fundamental principles surrounding CBP as a biomass conversion platform have been established through the successful expression of core cellulolytic enzymes, namely β-glucosidases, endoglucanases, and exoglucanases (cellobiohydrolases) in S. cerevisiae. This review will briefly address the challenges involved in the construction of an efficient cellulolytic yeast, with particular focus on the secretion efficiency of cellulases from this host. Additionally, strategies for studying enhanced cellulolytic enzyme secretion, which include both rational and reverse engineering approaches, will be discussed. One such technique includes bio-engineering within genetically diverse strains, combining the strengths of both natural strain diversity and rational strain development. Furthermore, with the advancement in next-generation sequencing, studies that utilise this method of exploiting intra-strain diversity for industrially relevant traits will be reviewed. Finally, future prospects are discussed for the creation of ideal CBP strains with high enzyme production levels.Key Points• Several challenges are involved in the construction of efficient cellulolytic yeast, in particular, the secretion efficiency of cellulases from the hosts.• Strategies for enhancing cellulolytic enzyme secretion, a core requirement for CBP host microorganism development, include both rational and reverse engineering approaches.• One such technique includes bio-engineering within genetically diverse strains, combining the strengths of both natural strain diversity and rational strain development.
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Lopez C, Zhao Y, Masonbrink R, Shao Z. Modulating Pathway Performance by Perturbing Local Genetic Context. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:706-717. [PMID: 32207925 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial engineering is a preferred strategy for attaining optimal pathway performance. Previous endeavors have been concentrated on regulatory elements (e.g., promoters, terminators, and ribosomal binding sites) and/or open reading frames. Accumulating evidence indicates that noncoding DNA sequences flanking a transcriptional unit on the genome strongly impact gene expression. Here, we sought to mimic the effect imposed on expression cassettes by the genome. We created variants of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with significantly improved fluorescence or cellobiose consumption rate by randomizing the sequences adjacent to the GFP expression cassette or the cellobiose-utilization pathway, respectively. Interestingly, nucleotide specificity was observed at certain positions and showed to be essential for achieving optimal cellobiose assimilation. Further characterization suggested that the modulation effects of the short sequences flanking the expression cassettes could be potentially mediated by remodeling DNA packaging and/or recruiting transcription factors. Collectively, these results indicate that the often-overlooked contiguous DNA sequences can be exploited to rapidly achieve balanced pathway expression, and the corresponding approach could be easily stacked with other combinatorial engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lopez
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Rick Masonbrink
- Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Zengyi Shao
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Wu VW, Thieme N, Huberman LB, Dietschmann A, Kowbel DJ, Lee J, Calhoun S, Singan VR, Lipzen A, Xiong Y, Monti R, Blow MJ, O'Malley RC, Grigoriev IV, Benz JP, Glass NL. The regulatory and transcriptional landscape associated with carbon utilization in a filamentous fungus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6003-6013. [PMID: 32111691 PMCID: PMC7084071 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915611117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi, such as Neurospora crassa, are very efficient in deconstructing plant biomass by the secretion of an arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, by remodeling metabolism to accommodate production of secreted enzymes, and by enabling transport and intracellular utilization of plant biomass components. Although a number of enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in plant biomass utilization have been identified, how filamentous fungi sense and integrate nutritional information encoded in the plant cell wall into a regulatory hierarchy for optimal utilization of complex carbon sources is not understood. Here, we performed transcriptional profiling of N. crassa on 40 different carbon sources, including plant biomass, to provide data on how fungi sense simple to complex carbohydrates. From these data, we identified regulatory factors in N. crassa and characterized one (PDR-2) associated with pectin utilization and one with pectin/hemicellulose utilization (ARA-1). Using in vitro DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), we identified direct targets of transcription factors involved in regulating genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. In particular, our data clarified the role of the transcription factor VIB-1 in the regulation of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and nutrient scavenging and revealed a major role of the carbon catabolite repressor CRE-1 in regulating the expression of major facilitator transporter genes. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of cross talk between transcription factors and their target genes, which are involved in regulating nutrient sensing and plant biomass utilization on a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W Wu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704
| | - Nils Thieme
- Holzforschung München, Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lori B Huberman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704
| | - Axel Dietschmann
- Holzforschung München, Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - David J Kowbel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Juna Lee
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sara Calhoun
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Vasanth R Singan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704
| | - Remo Monti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Matthew J Blow
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ronan C O'Malley
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - J Philipp Benz
- Holzforschung München, Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - N Louise Glass
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Li FGM, Liu W, Bai Y, Tao T, Wang Y, Zhang J, Luo H, Yao B, Huang H, Su X, Su X. RNAi-Mediated Gene Silencing of Trcot1 Induces a Hyperbranching Phenotype in Trichoderma reesei. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:206-215. [PMID: 31752060 PMCID: PMC9728278 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1909.09050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is the major filamentous fungus used to produce cellulase and there is huge interest in promoting its ability to produce higher titers of cellulase. Among the many factors affecting cellulase production in T. reesei, the mycelial phenotype is important but seldom studied. Herein, a close homolog of the Neurospora crassa COT1 kinase was discovered in T. reesei and designated TrCOT1, which is of 83.3% amino acid sequence identity. Functional disruption of Trcot1 in T. reesei by RNAi-mediated gene silencing resulted in retarded sporulation on potato dextrose agar and dwarfed colonies on minimal medium agar plates containing glucose, xylan, lactose, xylose, or glycerol as the sole carbon source. The representative mutant strain, SUS2/Trcot1i, also displayed reduced mycelia accumulation but hyperbranching in the MM glucose liquid medium, with hyphal growth unit length values decreased to 73.0 µm/tip compared to 239.8 µm/tip for the parent strain SUS2. The hyperbranching phenotype led to slightly but significantly increased cellulase secretion from 24 to 72 h in a batch culture. However, the cellulase production per unit of mycelial biomass was much more profoundly improved from 24 to 96 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao Mengzhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, P.R. China,College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R, China
| | - Weiquan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, P.R. China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R, China
| | - Tu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, P.R. China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, P.R. China,Corresponding authors H.H. Phone: +86-10-82106065 E-mail:
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, P.R. China,X.S. Phone: +86-10-82106094 E-mail:
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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Lin H, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Cui S, Fan Z, Chen H, Tian C. Identification and Characterization of a Cellodextrin Transporter in Aspergillus niger. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:145. [PMID: 32117164 PMCID: PMC7020610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger produces a wide spectrum of extracellular polysaccharide hydrolases that hydrolyze cellulose into soluble glucose and cellodextrins. Transporters are essential for sugar uptake, yet it is not clear whether cellodextrin transporters exist in A. niger. Here, one cellulose inducible cellodextrin transporter CtA was identified in A. niger B2. It was found that CtA not only could transport cellobiose, but also cellotriose, cellotetraose, and cellopentaose. The yeast strain YPβG-CtA, expressing cellodextrin transporter CtA and an intracellular β-glucosidase, grew on cellobiose with the cell growth rate of 0.0830 ± 0.0113 h–1 under aerobic condition. Furthermore, the engineered yeast could produce 1.1 g/L ethanol anaerobically on cellobiose in 2 days. The identification of CtA provides evidence that the cellodextrin uptake is a complementary strategy of cellulose utilization in A. niger, and the CtA could be a strong transporter candidate for constructing engineered cellodextrin-utilizing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Fan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hongge Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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Quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying phenotypic variation in bioethanol-related processes in Neurospora crassa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221737. [PMID: 32017762 PMCID: PMC6999864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has received increasing attention over the past decade. Many attempts have been made to reduce the cost of bioethanol production by combining the separate steps of the process into a single-step process known as consolidated bioprocessing. This requires identification of organisms that can efficiently decompose lignocellulose to simple sugars and ferment the pentose and hexose sugars liberated to ethanol. There have been many attempts in engineering laboratory strains by adding new genes or modifying genes to expand the capacity of an industrial microorganism. There has been less attention in improving bioethanol-related processes utilizing natural variation existing in the natural ecotypes. In this study, we sought to identify genomic loci contributing to variation in saccharification of cellulose and fermentation of glucose in the fermenting cellulolytic fungus Neurospora crassa through quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. We identified one major QTL contributing to fermentation of glucose and multiple putative QTL's underlying saccharification. Understanding the natural variation of the major QTL gene would provide new insights in developing industrial microbes for bioethanol production.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Li J, Sun T, Tian C. Metabolic engineering of the cellulolytic thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila to produce ethanol from cellobiose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:23. [PMID: 32021654 PMCID: PMC6995234 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulosic biomass is a promising resource for bioethanol production. However, various sugars in plant biomass hydrolysates including cellodextrins, cellobiose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose, are poorly fermented by microbes. The commonly used ethanol-producing microbe Saccharomyces cerevisiae can usually only utilize glucose, although metabolically engineered strains that utilize xylose have been developed. Direct fermentation of cellobiose could avoid glucose repression during biomass fermentation, but applications of an engineered cellobiose-utilizing S. cerevisiae are still limited because of its long lag phase. Bioethanol production from biomass-derived sugars by a cellulolytic filamentous fungus would have many advantages for the biorefinery industry. RESULTS We selected Myceliophthora thermophila, a cellulolytic thermophilic filamentous fungus for metabolic engineering to produce ethanol from glucose and cellobiose. Ethanol production was increased by 57% from glucose but not cellobiose after introduction of ScADH1 into the wild-type (WT) strain. Further overexpression of a glucose transporter GLT-1 or the cellodextrin transport system (CDT-1/CDT-2) from N. crassa increased ethanol production by 131% from glucose or by 200% from cellobiose, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis of the engineered cellobiose-utilizing strain and WT when grown on cellobiose showed that genes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions and the stress response were downregulated, whereas those involved in protein biosynthesis were upregulated in this effective ethanol production strain. Turning down the expression of pyc gene results the final engineered strain with the ethanol production was further increased by 23%, reaching up to 11.3 g/L on cellobiose. CONCLUSIONS This is the first attempt to engineer the cellulolytic fungus M. thermophila to produce bioethanol from biomass-derived sugars such as glucose and cellobiose. The ethanol production can be improved about 4 times up to 11 grams per liter on cellobiose after a couple of genetic engineering. These results show that M. thermophila is a promising platform for bioethanol production from cellulosic materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
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50
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Havukainen S, Valkonen M, Koivuranta K, Landowski CP. Studies on sugar transporter CRT1 reveal new characteristics that are critical for cellulase induction in Trichoderma reesei. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:158. [PMID: 32944074 PMCID: PMC7491124 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is an ascomycete fungus that has a tremendous capability of secreting extracellular proteins, mostly lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. Although many aspects of the biology of this organism have been unfolded, the roles of the many sugar transporters coded in its genome are still a mystery with a few exceptions. One of the most interesting sugar transporters that has thus far been discovered is the cellulose response transporter 1 (CRT1), which has been suggested to be either a sugar transporter or a sensor due to its seemingly important role in cellulase induction. RESULTS Here we show that CRT1 is a high-affinity cellobiose transporter, whose function can be complemented by the expression of other known cellobiose transporters. Expression of two sequence variants of the crt1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that only the variant listed in the RUT-C30 genome annotation has the capability to transport cellobiose and lactose. When expressed in the Δ crt1 strain, the variant listed in the QM6a genome annotation offers partial complementation of the cellulase induction, while the expression of the RUT-C30 variant or cellobiose transporters from two other fungal species fully restore the cellulase induction. CONCLUSIONS These results add to our knowledge about the fungal metabolism of cellulose-derived oligosaccharides, which have the capability of inducing the cellulase production in many species. They also help us to deepen our understanding of the T. reesei lactose metabolism, which can have important consequences as this sugar is used as the inducer of protein secretion in many industrial processes which employ this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Havukainen
- VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mari Valkonen
- VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kari Koivuranta
- VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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