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Shen J, Lai W, Li Z, Zhu W, Bai X, Yang Z, Wang Q, Ji J. SDS3 regulates microglial inflammation by modulating the expression of the upstream kinase ASK1 in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1547-1564. [PMID: 39008037 PMCID: PMC11349808 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the main innate immune cells in the central nervous system, are key drivers of neuroinflammation, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The Sin3/histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex, a highly conserved multiprotein co-repressor complex, primarily performs transcriptional repression via deacetylase activity; however, the function of SDS3, which maintains the integrity of the complex, in microglia remains unclear. METHODS To uncover the regulatory role of the transcriptional co-repressor SDS3 in microglial inflammation, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify SDS3 target genes and combined with transcriptomics and proteomics analysis to explore expression changes in cells following SDS3 knocking down. Subsequently, we validated our findings through experimental assays. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that SDS3 modulates the expression of the upstream kinase ASK1 of the p38 MAPK pathway, thus regulating the activation of signaling pathways and ultimately influencing inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide important evidence of the contributions of SDS3 toward microglial inflammation and offer new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of microglial inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- Division of Nanotechnology Development, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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2
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Wu J, Cai J, Tang Y, Lu B. The noncanonical inflammasome-induced pyroptosis and septic shock. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101844. [PMID: 37778179 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains one of the most common and lethal conditions globally. Currently, no proposed target specific to sepsis improves survival in clinical trials. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis is needed to propel the discovery of effective treatment. Recently attention to sepsis has intensified because of a growing recognition of a non-canonical inflammasome-triggered lytic mode of cell death termed pyroptosis upon sensing cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although the consequences of activation of the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome are similar, the non-canonical inflammasome formation requires caspase-4/5/11, which enzymatically cleave the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) and thereby cause pyroptosis. The non-canonical inflammasome assembly triggers such inflammatory cell death by itself; or leverages a secondary activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Excessive cell death induced by oligomerization of GSDMD and NINJ1 leads to cytokine release and massive tissue damage, facilitating devastating consequences and death. This review summarized the updated mechanisms that initiate and regulate non-canonical inflammasome activation and pyroptosis and highlighted various endogenous or synthetic molecules as potential therapeutic targets for treating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Ben Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China.
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Cross AS. Hit 'em Where It Hurts: Gram-Negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide as a Vaccine Target. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0004522. [PMID: 37432116 PMCID: PMC10521362 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00045-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria pose an increasing threat to the ability to perform surgical procedures, organ transplantation, and treat cancer among many other medical conditions. There are few new antimicrobials in the development pipeline. Vaccines against AMR Gram-negative bacteria may reduce the use of antimicrobials and prevent bacterial transmission. This review traces the origins of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based vaccines against Gram-negative bacteria, the role of O polysaccharides and LPS core regions as potential vaccine targets, the development of new vaccine technologies, and their application to vaccines in current development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Cross
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Si Z, Li J, Ruan L, Reghu S, Ooi YJ, Li P, Zhu Y, Hammond PT, Verma CS, Bazan GC, Pethe K, Chan-Park MB. Designer co-beta-peptide copolymer selectively targets resistant and biofilm Gram-negative bacteria. Biomaterials 2023; 294:122004. [PMID: 36669302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
New antimicrobials are urgently needed to combat Gram-negative bacteria, particularly multi-drug resistant (MDR) and phenotypically resistant biofilm species. At present, only sequence-defined alpha-peptides (e.g. polymyxin B) can selectively target Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides. We show that a copolymer, without a defined sequence, shows good potency against MDR Gram-negative bacteria including its biofilm form. The tapered blocky co-beta-peptide with controlled N-terminal hydrophobicity (#4) has strong interaction with the Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides via its backbone through electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions but not the Gram-positive bacterial and mammalian cell membranes so that this copolymer is non-toxic to these two latter cell types. The new #4 co-beta-peptide selectively kills Gram-negative bacteria with low cytotoxicity both in vitro and in a mouse biofilm wound infection model. This strategy provides a new concept for the design of Gram-negative selective antimicrobial peptidomimetics against MDR and biofilm species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyong Si
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jianguo Li
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, 138671, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, 169856, Singapore
| | - Lin Ruan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Sheethal Reghu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Ying Jie Ooi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) , 138602, Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117558, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, USA; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Kevin Pethe
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore.
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5
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Cooper RL, Krall RM. Hyperpolarization Induced by Lipopolysaccharides but Not by Chloroform Is Inhibited by Doxapram, an Inhibitor of Two-P-Domain K + Channel (K2P). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415787. [PMID: 36555429 PMCID: PMC9779748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial septicemia is commonly induced by Gram-negative bacteria. The immune response is triggered in part by the secretion of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induces the subsequent release of inflammatory cytokines which can result in pathological conditions. There is no known blocker to the receptors of LPS. The Drosophila larval muscle is an amendable model to rapidly screen various compounds that affect membrane potential and synaptic transmission such as LPS. LPS induces a rapid hyperpolarization in the body wall muscles and depolarization of motor neurons. These actions are blocked by the compound doxapram (10 mM), which is known to inhibit a subtype of the two-P-domain K+ channel (K2P channels). However, the K2P channel blocker PK-THPP had no effect on the Drosophila larval muscle at 1 and 10 mM. These channels are activated by chloroform, which also induces a rapid hyperpolarization of these muscles, but the channels are not blocked by doxapram. Likewise, chloroform does not block the depolarization induced by doxapram. LPS blocks the postsynaptic glutamate receptors on Drosophila muscle. Pre-exposure to doxapram reduces the LPS block of these ionotropic glutamate receptors. Given that the larval Drosophila body wall muscles are depolarized by doxapram and hyperpolarized by chloroform, they offer a model to begin pharmacological profiling of the K2P subtype channels with the potential of identifying blockers for the receptors to mitigate the actions of the Gram-negative endotoxin LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Cooper
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Rebecca M. Krall
- Department of STEM Education, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0001, USA
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6
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Pearson C, Tindall S, Potts JR, Thomas GH, van der Woude MW. Diverse functions for acyltransferase-3 proteins in the modification of bacterial cell surfaces. Microbiology (Reading) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35253642 PMCID: PMC9558356 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The acylation of sugars, most commonly via acetylation, is a widely used mechanism in bacteria that uses a simple chemical modification to confer useful traits. For structures like lipopolysaccharide, capsule and peptidoglycan, that function outside of the cytoplasm, their acylation during export or post-synthesis requires transport of an activated acyl group across the membrane. In bacteria this function is most commonly linked to a family of integral membrane proteins – acyltransferase-3 (AT3). Numerous studies examining production of diverse extracytoplasmic sugar-containing structures have identified roles for these proteins in O-acylation. Many of the phenotypes conferred by the action of AT3 proteins influence host colonisation and environmental survival, as well as controlling the properties of biotechnologically important polysaccharides and the modification of antibiotics and antitumour drugs by Actinobacteria. Herein we present the first systematic review, to our knowledge, of the functions of bacterial AT3 proteins, revealing an important protein family involved in a plethora of systems of importance to bacterial function that is still relatively poorly understood at the mechanistic level. By defining and comparing this set of functions we draw out common themes in the structure and mechanism of this fascinating family of membrane-bound enzymes, which, due to their role in host colonisation in many pathogens, could offer novel targets for the development of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Tindall
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | | | - Gavin H. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, UK
- York Biomedical Institute, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Marjan W. van der Woude
- Hull York Medical School, Heslington, UK
- York Biomedical Institute, University of York, Heslington, UK
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7
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Characterization of the LPS and 3OHFA Contents in the Lipoprotein Fractions and Lipoprotein Particles of Healthy Men. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010047. [PMID: 35053195 PMCID: PMC8773495 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by the accumulation of LDL particles in the intima, causing the activation of immune cells and triggering an inflammatory response. LPS is a potent activator of the innate immune response and it can be transported by lipoproteins. Since humans are much more sensitive to LPS than other mammals, and very low amounts of LPS can elicit an immune response, the aim of this study is to characterize the distribution of LPS and its immunogenic portion (3OHFAs) among lipoprotein types of healthy men. We separated lipoprotein fractions by ultracentrifugation and the amount of each 3OHFA was measured by MS in each lipoprotein fraction to calculate LPS concentration. Lipoprotein particle concentration was measured by NMR. LDL and HDL fractions transported the highest concentration of LPS (35.7% and 31.5%, respectively), but VLDL particles carried more LPS molecules per particle (0.55 molecules/particle) than LDL or HDL (p < 0.01). The distribution of LPS and all 3OHFAs among lipoprotein fractions showed high interindividual variability, suggesting that they may be studied as a potential biomarker. This may help understand the role of LPS in atherosclerosis in those cases where the disease cannot be explained by traditional risk factors.
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8
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Potter R, Meade A, Potter S, Cooper RL. Rapid and Direct Action of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Skeletal Muscle of Larval Drosophila. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1235. [PMID: 34943150 PMCID: PMC8698716 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria exerts a direct and rapid effect on tissues. While most attention is given to the downstream actions of the immune system in response to LPS, this study focuses on the direct actions of LPS on skeletal muscle in Drosophila melanogaster. It was noted in earlier studies that the membrane potential rapidly hyperpolarizes in a dose-dependent manner with exposure to LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. The response is transitory while exposed to LPS, and the effect does not appear to be due to calcium-activated potassium channels, activated nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or the opening of Cl- channels. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the mechanism of the hyperpolarization of the larval Drosophila muscle due to exposure of LPS using several different experimental paradigms. It appears this response is unlikely related to activation of the Na-K pump or Ca2+ influx. The unknown activation of a K+ efflux could be responsible. This will be an important factor to consider in treatments of bacterial septicemia and cellular energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Potter
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street MN 150, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Alexis Meade
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Samuel Potter
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street MN 150, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Robin L. Cooper
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
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9
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Suttapitugsakul S, Tong M, Wu R. Time-Resolved and Comprehensive Analysis of Surface Glycoproteins Reveals Distinct Responses of Monocytes and Macrophages to Bacterial Infection. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:11595-11604. [PMID: 34421137 PMCID: PMC8376197 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins on the surface of immune cells play extremely important roles in response to pathogens. Yet, a systematic and time-resolved investigation of surface glycoproteins during the immune response remains to be explored. Integrating selective enrichment of surface glycoproteins with multiplexed proteomics, we globally and site-specifically quantified the dynamics of surface glycoproteins on THP-1 monocytes and macrophages in response to bacterial infection and during the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. The time-resolved analysis reveals transient changes and differential remodeling of surface glycoproteins on both cell types, and potential upstream regulators and downstream effects of the regulated glycoproteins. Besides, we identified novel surface glycoproteins participating in the immune response such as APMAP, and site-specific changes of glycoproteins. This study provides unprecedented information to deepen our understanding of glycoproteins and cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
| | - Ming Tong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
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10
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Suttapitugsakul S, Tong M, Wu R. Time-Resolved and Comprehensive Analysis of Surface Glycoproteins Reveals Distinct Responses of Monocytes and Macrophages to Bacterial Infection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11494-11503. [PMID: 33684247 PMCID: PMC8549569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins on the surface of immune cells play extremely important roles in response to pathogens. Yet, a systematic and time-resolved investigation of surface glycoproteins during the immune response remains to be explored. Integrating selective enrichment of surface glycoproteins with multiplexed proteomics, we globally and site-specifically quantified the dynamics of surface glycoproteins on THP-1 monocytes and macrophages in response to bacterial infection and during the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. The time-resolved analysis reveals transient changes and differential remodeling of surface glycoproteins on both cell types, and potential upstream regulators and downstream effects of the regulated glycoproteins. Besides, we identified novel surface glycoproteins participating in the immune response such as APMAP, and site-specific changes of glycoproteins. This study provides unprecedented information to deepen our understanding of glycoproteins and cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for
Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
(USA)
| | - Ming Tong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for
Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
(USA)
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for
Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
(USA)
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11
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Guo Z, Tang Y, Tang W, Chen Y. Heptose-containing bacterial natural products: structures, bioactivities, and biosyntheses. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1887-1909. [PMID: 33704304 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00075b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Glycosylated natural products hold great potential as drugs for the treatment of human and animal diseases. Heptoses, known as seven-carbon-chain-containing sugars, are a group of saccharides that are rarely observed in natural products. Based on the structures of the heptoses, the heptose-containing natural products can be divided into four groups, characterized by heptofuranose, highly-reduced heptopyranose, d-heptopyranose, and l-heptopyranose. Many of them possess remarkable biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and pain relief activities, thereby attracting great interest in biosynthesis and chemical synthesis studies to understand their construction mechanisms and structure-activity relationships. In this review, we summarize the structural properties, biological activities, and recent progress in the biosynthesis of bacterial natural products featuring seven-carbon-chain-containing sugars. The biosynthetic origins of the heptose moieties are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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12
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Ray B, Schütz M, Mukherjee S, Jana S, Ray S, Marschall M. Exploiting the Amazing Diversity of Natural Source-Derived Polysaccharides: Modern Procedures of Isolation, Engineering, and Optimization of Antiviral Activities. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E136. [PMID: 33396933 PMCID: PMC7794815 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring polysaccharide sulfates are highly diverse, owning variations in the backbone structure, linkage pattern and stereochemistry, branching diversity, sulfate content and positions of sulfate group(s). These structural characteristics bring about diverse sulfated polymers with dissimilar negative charge densities and structure-activity relationships. Herein, we start with a short discussion of techniques needed for extraction, purification, chemical sulfation, and structural characterization of polysaccharides. Processes of isolation and sulfation of plant-derived polysaccharides are challenging and usually involve two steps. In this context, we describe an integrated extraction-sulfation procedure that produces polysaccharide sulfates from natural products in one step, thereby generating additional pharmacological activities. Finally, we provide examples of the spectrum of natural source-derived polysaccharides possessing specific features of bioactivity, in particular focusing on current aspects of antiviral drug development and drug-target interaction. Thus, the review presents a detailed view on chemically engineered polysaccharides, especially sulfated derivatives, and underlines their promising biomedical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India; (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.J.)
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Ballinger- C, Anyagaligb O, Bernard J, Bierbower SM, Dupont-Ver EE, Ghoweri A, Greenhalgh A, Harrison D, Istas O, McNabb M, Saelinger C, Stanback A, Stanback M, Thibault O, Cooper RL. Effects of Bacterial Endotoxin (LPS) on Cardiac and Synaptic Function in Various Animal Models: Larval Drosophila, Crayfish, Crab and Rodent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijzr.2020.33.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Mary Osborn was a native Californian. She was an undergraduate at the University of California, Berkeley, where she worked in the laboratory of I.L. Chaikoff. She received her PhD at the University of Washington, where her work on the role of folic acid coenzymes in one-carbon metabolism revealed the mechanism of action of methotrexate. After postdoctoral training with Bernard Horecker in the Department of Microbiology at New York University (NYU), she embarked on her research career as a faculty member in the NYU Department of Microbiology and in the Department of Molecular Biology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. In 1968 she moved as one of the founding faculty of the new medical school of the University of Connecticut, where she remained until her retirement in 2014. Her research was focused on the biosynthesis of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria and on the assembly of the bacterial cell envelope. She made seminal contributions in these areas. She was the recipient of numerous honors and served as president of several important scientific organizations. Later in her career she served as chair of the National Research Council Committee on Space Biology and Medicine, advisory to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which produced an influential report that plotted the path for NASA's space biology research program in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Dr. Osborn died on Jan. 17, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Osborn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
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15
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Caputo HE, Straub JE, Grinstaff MW. Design, synthesis, and biomedical applications of synthetic sulphated polysaccharides. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2338-2365. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00593h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the synthetic methods to sulphated polysaccharides, describes their compositional and structural diversity in regards to activity, and showcases their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
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Sadakane K, Ichinose T, Nishikawa M. Effects of co-exposure of lipopolysaccharide and β-glucan (Zymosan A) in exacerbating murine allergic asthma associated with Asian sand dust. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:672-684. [PMID: 30548448 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During the 2000s, Asian sand dust (ASD) was implicated in the increasing prevalence of respiratory disorders, including asthma. We previously demonstrated that a fungus from ASD aerosol exacerbated ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airways inflammation. Exposure to heat-inactivated ASD (H-ASD) and either Zymosan A (ZymA, containing β-glucan) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbated allergic airways inflammation in a mouse model, but the effects of co-exposure of LPS and β-glucan are unclear. We investigated the effects of co-exposure of LPS and ZymA in OVA-induced allergic airways inflammation with ASD using BALB/c mice. Exposure to OVA + LPS enhanced the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs, particularly neutrophils; exposure to OVA + LPS + H-ASD potentiated this effect. Exposure to OVA + ZymA + H-ASD stimulated the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs, particularly eosinophils, and serum levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 antibodies, whereas exposure to OVA + ZymA did not affect most indicators of lung inflammation. Although exposure to OVA + LPS + ZymA + H-ASD affected a few allergic parameters additively or synergistically, most allergic parameters in this group indicated the same level of exposure to OVA + LPS + H-ASD or OVA + ZymA + H-ASD. These results suggest that LPS and ZymA play different roles in allergic airways inflammation with ASD; LPS mainly enhances neutrophil recruitment through H-ASD, and ZymA enhances eosinophil recruitment through H-ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sadakane
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, 870-1201, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, 870-1201, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishikawa
- Environmental Chemistry Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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17
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Levy A, Salas Gonzalez I, Mittelviefhaus M, Clingenpeel S, Herrera Paredes S, Miao J, Wang K, Devescovi G, Stillman K, Monteiro F, Rangel Alvarez B, Lundberg DS, Lu TY, Lebeis S, Jin Z, McDonald M, Klein AP, Feltcher ME, Rio TG, Grant SR, Doty SL, Ley RE, Zhao B, Venturi V, Pelletier DA, Vorholt JA, Tringe SG, Woyke T, Dangl JL. Genomic features of bacterial adaptation to plants. Nat Genet 2017; 50:138-150. [PMID: 29255260 PMCID: PMC5957079 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-017-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants intimately associate with diverse bacteria. Plant-associated (PA) bacteria have ostensibly evolved genes enabling adaptation to the plant environment. However, the identities of such genes are mostly unknown and their functions are poorly characterized. We sequenced 484 genomes of bacterial isolates from roots of Brassicaceae, poplar, and maize. We then compared 3837 bacterial genomes to identify thousands of PA gene clusters. Genomes of PA bacteria encode more carbohydrate metabolism functions and fewer mobile elements than related non-plant associated genomes. We experimentally validated candidates from two sets of PA genes, one involved in plant colonization, the other serving in microbe-microbe competition between PA bacteria. We also identified 64 PA protein domains that potentially mimic plant domains; some are shared with PA fungi and oomycetes. This work expands the genome-based understanding of plant-microbe interactions and provides leads for efficient and sustainable agriculture through microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Levy
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Isai Salas Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Sur Herrera Paredes
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiamin Miao
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,The Grassland College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kunru Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Giulia Devescovi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Freddy Monteiro
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - Derek S Lundberg
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Tse-Yuan Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sarah Lebeis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Meredith McDonald
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Klein
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Meghan E Feltcher
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,BD Technologies and Innovation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Sarah R Grant
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sharon L Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dale A Pelletier
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Susannah G Tringe
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA. .,School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Tanja Woyke
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA. .,School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. .,The Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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18
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Valdez-Salas B, Beltrán-Partida E, Castillo-Uribe S, Curiel-Álvarez M, Zlatev R, Stoytcheva M, Montero-Alpírez G, Vargas-Osuna L. In Vitro Assessment of Early Bacterial Activity on Micro/Nanostructured Ti6Al4V Surfaces. Molecules 2017; 22:E832. [PMID: 28524087 PMCID: PMC6154628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is imperative to understand and systematically compare the initial interactions between bacteria genre and surface properties. Thus, we fabricated a flat, anodized with 80 nm TiO₂ nanotubes (NTs), and a rough Ti6Al4V surface. The materials were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We cultured in vitro Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) to evaluate the bacterial-surface behavior by FE-SEM and viability calculation. In addition, the initial effects of human osteoblasts were tested on the materials. Gram-negative bacteria showed promoted adherence and viability over the flat and rough surface, while NTs displayed opposite activity with altered morphology. Gram-positive bacteria illustrated similar cellular architecture over the surfaces but with promoted surface adhesion bonds on the flat alloy. Rough surfaces supported S. epidermidis viability, whilst NTs exhibited lower vitality. NTs advocated promoted better osteoblast organization with enhanced vitality. Gram-positive bacteria suggested preferred adhesion capability over flat and carbon-rich surfaces. Gram-negative bacteria were strongly disturbed by NTs but largely stimulated by flat and rough materials. Our work proposed that the chemical profile of the material surface and the bacterial cell wall characteristics might play an important role in the bacteria-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Valdez-Salas
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Ernesto Beltrán-Partida
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Av. Zotoluca y Chinampas, s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21280 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Sandra Castillo-Uribe
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Mario Curiel-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Roumen Zlatev
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Margarita Stoytcheva
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Gisela Montero-Alpírez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Departamento de Corrosión y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Lidia Vargas-Osuna
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P., 21040 Baja California, Mexico.
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19
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Ishiguro S, Uppalapati D, Goldsmith Z, Robertson D, Hodge J, Holt H, Nakashima A, Turner K, Tamura M. Exopolysaccharides extracted from Parachlorella kessleri inhibit colon carcinoma growth in mice via stimulation of host antitumor immune responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175064. [PMID: 28380056 PMCID: PMC5381895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly purified extracellular polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides) from Parachlorella kessleri (PCEPS) were evaluated on their antitumor and immunomodulatory effects in cell culture and mouse colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model. In two-dimensional cell culture, the PCEPS treatment inhibited cell growth of both murine and human colon carcinoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the growth of mouse splenocytes (SPLs) and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were stimulated by the treatment with PCEPS. The treatment with PCEPS also increased specific subpopulations of the cells in BMCs: antigen presenting cells (CD19+ B cells, 33D1+ dendritic cells and CD68+ macrophage) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In three-dimensional spheroid culture, spheroid growth of CT26 cells co-cultured with HL-60 human neutrophilic promyeloblasts and Jurkat cells (human lymphoblasts), but not THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage was significantly attenuated by PCEPS treatment. In a mouse CT26 colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model, intraperitoneal injection of PCEPS (10 mg/kg, twice per week) significantly attenuated the growth of CT26 colon carcinoma in syngeneic mice. The present study suggests that PCEPS inhibits colon carcinoma growth via direct cell growth inhibition and a stimulation of the host antitumor immune responses. Taken together, the current study suggests that exopolysaccharides derived from Parachlorella kessleri contain significant bioactive materials that inhibit colon carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Deepthi Uppalapati
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Zachary Goldsmith
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Dana Robertson
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jacob Hodge
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hayley Holt
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Arashi Nakashima
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Katie Turner
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Pacholewska A, Marti E, Leeb T, Jagannathan V, Gerber V. LPS-induced modules of co-expressed genes in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:34. [PMID: 28056766 PMCID: PMC5217269 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, LPS) is a strong inducer of the innate immune response. It is widespread in our environment, e.g. in house dust and contributes to asthma. Compared to humans, horses are even more sensitive to LPS. However, data on LPS effects on the equine transcriptome are very limited. Using RNA-seq we analysed LPS-induced differences in the gene expression in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the gene and gene-network level in two half-sib families and one group of unrelated horses. RESULTS 24 h-LPS challenge of equine immune cells resulted in substantial changes in the transcriptomic profile (1,265 differentially expressed genes) showing partial overlap with human data. One of the half-sib families showed a specific response different from the other two groups of horses. We also identified co-expressed gene modules that clearly differentiated 24 h-LPS- from non-stimulated samples. These modules consisted of 934 highly interconnected genes and included genes involved in the immune response (e.g. IL6, CCL22, CXCL6, CXCL2), however, none of the top ten hub genes of the modules have been annotated as responsive to LPS in gene ontology. CONCLUSIONS Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis we identified ten co-expressed gene modules significantly regulated by in vitro stimulation with LPS. Apart from 47 genes (5%) all other genes highly interconnected within the most up- and down-regulated modules were also significantly differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05). The LPS-regulated module hub genes have not yet been described as having a role in the immune response to LPS (e.g. VAT1 and TTC25).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pacholewska
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gerber
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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He B, Guo H, Gong Y, Zhao R. Lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in boar sperm is mediated by activation of oxidative phosphorylation. Theriogenology 2017; 87:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Rashedi M, Fazeli MH, Bahreini M. Polymyxin B changes the plasma membrane integrity of cryopreserved bull semen. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Phenotypic H-Antigen Typing by Mass Spectrometry Combined with Genetic Typing of H Antigens, O Antigens, and Toxins by Whole-Genome Sequencing Enhances Identification of Escherichia coli Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2162-8. [PMID: 27307455 PMCID: PMC4963523 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00422-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based phenotypic H-antigen typing (MS-H) combined with whole-genome-sequencing-based genetic identification of H antigens, O antigens, and toxins (WGS-HOT) was used to type 60 clinical Escherichia coli isolates, 43 of which were previously identified as nonmotile, H type undetermined, or O rough by serotyping or having shown discordant MS-H and serotyping results. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that MS-H was able to provide more accurate data regarding H antigen expression than serotyping. Further, enhanced and more confident O antigen identification resulted from gene cluster based typing in combination with conventional typing based on the gene pair comprising wzx and wzy and that comprising wzm and wzt The O antigen was identified in 94.6% of the isolates when the two genetic O typing approaches (gene pair and gene cluster) were used in conjunction, in comparison to 78.6% when the gene pair database was used alone. In addition, 98.2% of the isolates showed the existence of genes for various toxins and/or virulence factors, among which verotoxins (Shiga toxin 1 and/or Shiga toxin 2) were 100% concordant with conventional PCR based testing results. With more applications of mass spectrometry and whole-genome sequencing in clinical microbiology laboratories, this combined phenotypic and genetic typing platform (MS-H plus WGS-HOT) should be ideal for pathogenic E. coli typing.
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24
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IL-12 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Osteoclastogenesis in Mice. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:214878. [PMID: 26064997 PMCID: PMC4433692 DOI: 10.1155/2015/214878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is related to osteoclastogenesis in osteolytic diseases. Interleukin- (IL-) 12 is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in host defense. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-12 on LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. LPS was administered with or without IL-12 into the supracalvariae of mice, and alterations in the calvarial suture were evaluated histochemically. The number of osteoclasts in the calvarial suture and the mRNA level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), an osteoclast marker, were lower in mice administered LPS with IL-12 than in mice administered LPS alone. The serum level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a bone resorption marker, was also lower in mice administered LPS with IL-12 than in mice administered LPS alone. These results revealed that IL-12 might inhibit LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. In TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays, apoptotic changes in cells were recognized in the calvarial suture in mice administered LPS with IL-12. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of both Fas and FasL were increased in mice administered LPS with IL-12. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis is inhibited by IL-12 and that this might arise through apoptotic changes in osteoclastogenesis-related cells induced by Fas/FasL interactions.
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25
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Strehl A, Lenz M, Itsekson-Hayosh Z, Becker D, Chapman J, Deller T, Maggio N, Vlachos A. Systemic inflammation is associated with a reduction in Synaptopodin expression in the mouse hippocampus. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:230-5. [PMID: 24837317 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is known to affect memory function through the activation of immune cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines. However, the neuronal targets by which inflammatory signaling pathways affect synaptic plasticity remain not well understood. Here, we addressed the question of whether systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation influences the expression of Synaptopodin (SP). SP is an actin-binding protein, which is considered to control the ability of neurons to express synaptic plasticity by regulating the actin-cytoskeleton and/or intracellular Ca(2+) stores. This makes SP an interesting target molecule in the context of inflammation-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR)-analysis and immunohistochemistry we here demonstrate that intraperitoneal LPS-injection in two-month old male Balb/c mice leads to a reduction in hippocampal SP-levels (area CA1; 24h after injection). These changes are accompanied by a defect in the ability to induce long-term potentiation (LTP) of Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, similar to what is observed in SP-deficient mice. We therefore propose that systemic inflammation could exert its effects on neural plasticity, at least in part, through the down-regulation of SP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Strehl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology and Sagol Center for Neurosciences, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 52621 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maximilian Lenz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Zeev Itsekson-Hayosh
- Department of Neurology and Sagol Center for Neurosciences, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 52621 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Denise Becker
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology and Sagol Center for Neurosciences, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 52621 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology and Sagol Center for Neurosciences, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 52621 Tel Aviv, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel HaShomer, Israel.
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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26
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Arrieta-Ortiz ML, Rodríguez-R LM, Pérez-Quintero ÁL, Poulin L, Díaz AC, Arias Rojas N, Trujillo C, Restrepo Benavides M, Bart R, Boch J, Boureau T, Darrasse A, David P, Dugé de Bernonville T, Fontanilla P, Gagnevin L, Guérin F, Jacques MA, Lauber E, Lefeuvre P, Medina C, Medina E, Montenegro N, Muñoz Bodnar A, Noël LD, Ortiz Quiñones JF, Osorio D, Pardo C, Patil PB, Poussier S, Pruvost O, Robène-Soustrade I, Ryan RP, Tabima J, Urrego Morales OG, Vernière C, Carrere S, Verdier V, Szurek B, Restrepo S, López C, Koebnik R, Bernal A. Genomic survey of pathogenicity determinants and VNTR markers in the cassava bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis strain CIO151. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79704. [PMID: 24278159 PMCID: PMC3838355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) is the causal agent of bacterial blight of cassava, which is among the main components of human diet in Africa and South America. Current information about the molecular pathogenicity factors involved in the infection process of this organism is limited. Previous studies in other bacteria in this genus suggest that advanced draft genome sequences are valuable resources for molecular studies on their interaction with plants and could provide valuable tools for diagnostics and detection. Here we have generated the first manually annotated high-quality draft genome sequence of Xam strain CIO151. Its genomic structure is similar to that of other xanthomonads, especially Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and Xanthomonas citri pv. citri species. Several putative pathogenicity factors were identified, including type III effectors, cell wall-degrading enzymes and clusters encoding protein secretion systems. Specific characteristics in this genome include changes in the xanthomonadin cluster that could explain the lack of typical yellow color in all strains of this pathovar and the presence of 50 regions in the genome with atypical nucleotide composition. The genome sequence was used to predict and evaluate 22 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci that were subsequently demonstrated as polymorphic in representative Xam strains. Our results demonstrate that Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis strain CIO151 possesses ten clusters of pathogenicity factors conserved within the genus Xanthomonas. We report 126 genes that are potentially unique to Xam, as well as potential horizontal transfer events in the history of the genome. The relation of these regions with virulence and pathogenicity could explain several aspects of the biology of this pathogen, including its ability to colonize both vascular and non-vascular tissues of cassava plants. A set of 16 robust, polymorphic VNTR loci will be useful to develop a multi-locus VNTR analysis scheme for epidemiological surveillance of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario L. Arrieta-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis M. Rodríguez-R
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioaggresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Lucie Poulin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioaggresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana C. Díaz
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Arias Rojas
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioaggresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Cesar Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Rebecca Bart
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jens Boch
- Department of Genetics, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Tristan Boureau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR45 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 Quasav, PRES L'UNAM, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Armelle Darrasse
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR45 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 Quasav, PRES L'UNAM, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Perrine David
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR45 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 Quasav, PRES L'UNAM, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), UMR 441, Castanet-Tolosan-Microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), UMR 2594, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Paula Fontanilla
- Manihot-Biotec, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lionel Gagnevin
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Peuplement Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, La Réunion, France
| | - Fabien Guérin
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Peuplement Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, La Réunion, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Jacques
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR45 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 Quasav, PRES L'UNAM, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lauber
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), UMR 441, Castanet-Tolosan-Microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), UMR 2594, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Lefeuvre
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Peuplement Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, La Réunion, France
| | - Cesar Medina
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edgar Medina
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Muñoz Bodnar
- Manihot-Biotec, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laurent D. Noël
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), UMR 441, Castanet-Tolosan-Microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), UMR 2594, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Juan F. Ortiz Quiñones
- Manihot-Biotec, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniela Osorio
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Pardo
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Prabhu B. Patil
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Stéphane Poussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR45 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 Quasav, PRES L'UNAM, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), UMR 441, Castanet-Tolosan-Microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Pruvost
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Peuplement Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, La Réunion, France
| | - Isabelle Robène-Soustrade
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Peuplement Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, La Réunion, France
| | - Robert P. Ryan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Javier Tabima
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar G. Urrego Morales
- Manihot-Biotec, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Christian Vernière
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Peuplement Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, La Réunion, France
| | - Sébastien Carrere
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), UMR 441, Castanet-Tolosan-Microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), UMR 2594, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Valérie Verdier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioaggresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Boris Szurek
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioaggresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Silvia Restrepo
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo López
- Manihot-Biotec, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ralf Koebnik
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioaggresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Adriana Bernal
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Uniandes (LAMFU), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Bowen WS, Gandhapudi SK, Kolb JP, Mitchell TC. Immunopharmacology of Lipid A Mimetics. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 66:81-128. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404717-4.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Okazaki T, Shimada M. New strategies of boar sperm cryopreservation: development of novel freezing and thawing methods with a focus on the roles of seminal plasma. Anim Sci J 2012; 83:623-9. [PMID: 22943528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2012.01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa offers an effective means of long-term storage of important genetic material. Many researchers have investigated how to improve reproductive performance by artificial insemination (AI) using cryopreserved boar spermatozoa. Recently, we and other groups reported that high conception rates (70-80%) can be achieved by AI with frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa using a modified temperature program during freezing, or a novel cryopreservation extender to improve sperm quality (including sperm survivability, motility, membrane status and fertilization ability) after thawing, or a novel sperm infusion method, deep intra uterine insemination. However, these techniques have not yet been used for commercial pig production. The variation in sperm freezability among boars or among ejaculations in an identical boar is one of the main reasons for this problem. In our previous study, it was revealed that some components of seminal plasma have a negative effect on the freezability of boar sperm. One of these factors is bacteria-released endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS). LPS binds to Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) expressed on the sperm surface, resulting in induction of apoptosis. On the other hand, seminal plasma suppresses cryo-capacitation induced by thawing stress. On the basis of these findings, we designed a novel protocol of AI using frozen-thawed boar sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Okazaki
- Smaller Livestock and Environment Section, Livestock Research Institute, Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Oita
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29
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Polymyxin B neutralizes bacteria-released endotoxin and improves the quality of boar sperm during liquid storage and cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2010; 74:1691-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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Abstract
Polysaccharide synthesis is discussed from the point of view of the sources of biological information that determine the structures and control the rates of synthesis of complex polysaccharides. It is concluded that three types of information contribute in important and different ways, namely enzyme specificity, primer substances, and the structure of the cytoplasmic membrane. Each of these factors is discussed in a general way with examples of its contribution to the structure and organization of specific polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Robbins
- Division of Biochemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
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31
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Germanier R. Immunity in Experimental Salmonellosis I. Protection Induced by Rough Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Infect Immun 2010; 2:309-15. [PMID: 16557837 PMCID: PMC416007 DOI: 10.1128/iai.2.3.309-315.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different rough mutants of Salmonella typhimurium were tested to determine their virulence and immunizing capacity when used as live vaccines for mice. All uridine diphosphate-galactose-4-epimeraseless mutants tested were much more potent immunizing agents than any other mutants. This capacity was not correlated with virulence or complexity of cell wall polysaccharide. For good protection, persistence of the rough strains in vivo was essential, but the protection lasted longer than the period during which bacteria were demonstrable in the liver and spleen of the mice. The outstanding immunizing capacity of the "epimeraseless" mutants is not dependent on the persistence of viable bacteria in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Germanier
- Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Berne, Switzerland
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32
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Complex links between dietary lipids, endogenous endotoxins and metabolic inflammation. Biochimie 2010; 93:39-45. [PMID: 20433893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity are characterized by a subclinical inflammatory state that contributes to the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Recent reports also indicate that (i) there are alterations of the intestinal microbiota in metabolic diseases and (ii) absorption of endogenous endotoxins (namely lipopolysaccharides, LPS) can occur, particularly during the digestion of lipids. The aim of the present review is to highlight recently gained knowledge regarding the links between high fat diets, lipid digestion, intestinal microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia & inflammation.
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33
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Lindhout T, Lau PCY, Brewer D, Lam JS. Truncation in the core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide affects flagella-mediated motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 via modulation of cell surface attachment. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:3449-3460. [PMID: 19589832 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.030510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In many Gram-negative bacterial species, rough strains producing truncated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) generally exhibit defects in motility compared with smooth strains. However, the role that LPS plays in bacterial motility is not well understood. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between LPS defects and motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa wild-type strain PAO1 and three isogenic mutants with defects in the rmlC, migA and wapR genes and producing truncated core oligosaccharide were investigated in terms of motility, attachment to glass and flagella expression. Compared with the wild-type, the three mutants showed significant retardation in both swarming motility on 0.5 % soft-agar plates and swimming motility on 0.3 % soft-agar plates. Moreover, attachment to abiotic surfaces was observed to be stronger in these mutants. The assembly of flagella appeared to be intact in these strains and the ability of individual cells to swim was unaffected. Flagellin proteins prepared from mutants rmlC and rmd, defective in the production of TDP-l-rhamnose and GDP-d-rhamnose, respectively, were compared and a change in molecular mass was observed only in the rmlC mutant. These data indicated that l-rhamnose, and not its enantiomer, d-rhamnose, is incorporated into the flagellin glycan of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The nucleotide-activated sugar precursor TDP-l-rhamnose is therefore shared between LPS biosynthesis and flagellin glycosylation in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Our results suggest that although biochemical precursors are shared by LPS and flagellin glycan biosynthesis, LPS truncations probably alter flagella-mediated motility in P. aeruginosa by modulating cell-surface attachment but not flagella synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Lindhout
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Peter C Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dyanne Brewer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Joseph S Lam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Wong KF, Luk JM, Cheng RH, Klickstein LB, Fan ST. Characterization of two novel LPS‐binding sites in leukocyte integrin βA domain. FASEB J 2007; 21:3231-9. [PMID: 17522381 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7579com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, triggers deleterious systemic inflammatory responses when released into blood circulation, causing organ dysfunction and death. In response to LPS stimulation, CD14 and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 elicit inflammatory signaling cascades. Although leukocyte integrins (CD11b/CD18 and CD11c/CD18) were reported to bind LPS and induce NF-kappaB translocation, the evidence on such epitope location remains elusive. The present study aims to delineate the LPS-binding sites on the integrin CD18 antigen and to design peptide(s) as potential prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents to modulate LPS effects in activated Jurkat cells. Epitope mapping analysis using a series of CD18 truncated variants revealed two putative LPS-binding sites within the betaA region (216-248 and 266-318 a.a.), which were further confirmed by point mutation studies. Inhibition assay demonstrated that the CD18-betaA(266-318) peptide could block LPS binding in a dose-dependent manner. Our data also indicated that treatment with the CD18-peptide modulated TNF-alpha mRNA transcription via the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in LPS-activated Jurkat cells. In conclusion, we have identified two novel LPS-binding sites located at the CD18 betaA domain of leukocyte integrin, and the integrin peptide betaA(266-318) is shown to inhibit LPS binding and subsequent inflammatory events, having therapeutic implications to cure gram-negative endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwong-Fai Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Jockey Club Clinical Research Center, 21 Sassoon Rd., Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Nikaido H. Biosynthesis of cell wall lipopolysaccharide in gram-negative enteric bacteria. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 31:77-124. [PMID: 4880218 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122761.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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36
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Morgan WT, Watkins WM. Unravelling the biochemical basis of blood group ABO and Lewis antigenic specificity. Glycoconj J 2000; 17:501-30. [PMID: 11421345 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011014307683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ABO blood-group polymorphism is still the most clinically important system in blood transfusion practice. The groups were discovered in 1900 and the genes at the ABO locus were cloned nearly a century later in 1990. To enable this goal to be reached intensive studies were carried out in the intervening years on the serology, genetics, inheritance and biochemistry of the antigens belonging to this system. This article describes biochemical genetic investigations on ABO and the related Lewis antigens starting from the time in the 1940s when serological and classical genetical studies had established the immunological basis and mode of inheritance of the antigens but practically nothing was known about their chemical structure. Essential steps were the definition of H as the product of a genetic system Hh independent of ABO, and the establishment of the precursor-product relationship of H to A and B antigens. Indirect methods gave first indications that the specificity of antigens resided in carbohydrate and revealed the immunodominant sugars in the antigenic structures. Subsequently chemical fragmentation procedures enabled the complete determinant structures to be established. Degradation experiments with glycosidases revealed how loss of one specificity by the removal of a single sugar unit exposed a new specificity and suggested that biosynthesis proceeded by a reversal of this process whereby the oligosaccharide structures were built up by the sequential addition of sugar units. Hence, the primary blood-group gene products were predicted to be glycosyltransferase enzymes that added the last sugar to complete the determinant structures. Identification of these enzymes gave new genetic markers and eventually purification of the blood-group A-gene encoded N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gave a probe for cloning the ABO locus. Blood-group ABO genotyping by DNA methods has now become a practical possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Morgan
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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37
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OSEN OM, ROSEN SM, HORECKER BL. FATE OF THE CELL WALL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM UPON INGESTION BY THE CELLULAR SLIME MOLD: POLYSPHONDYLIUM PALLIDUM. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 18:270-6. [PMID: 14282029 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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MAYER H, RAPIN AM, KALCKAR HM. THE SELECTIVITY OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF GLUCOSYL COMPOUNDS AS ILLUSTRATED BY AN E. COLI MUTANT DEFECTIVE IN UDPG SYNTHETASE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 53:459-66. [PMID: 14294082 PMCID: PMC219535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.53.2.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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39
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ZELEZNICK LD, ROSEN SM, SALTMARSH-ANDREW M, OSBORN MJ, HORECKER BL. BIOSYNTHESIS OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, IV. ENZYMATIC INCORPORATION OF MANNOSE, RHAMNOSE, AND GALACTOSE IN A MUTANT STRAIN OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 53:207-14. [PMID: 14283200 PMCID: PMC219456 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.53.1.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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40
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VANVUNAKIS H, RUFFILLI A, LEVINE L. ENHANCEMENTS OF ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF COLICINE K AND ALTERATION OF SEROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COLICINE K AND ENDOTOXINS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 121:261-78. [PMID: 14264271 PMCID: PMC2137975 DOI: 10.1084/jem.121.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin, its chains, and myoglobin enhance the antibiotic activity of colicine K. These proteins also interact with colicine K and other O antigens to alter their serological activity. The hemoglobin proteins did not alter the serological activities of three Pneumococcus polysaccharides or T4 bacteriophage DNA antigens but did alter the antigenic activity of fetuin. Interaction of hemoglobin and colicine K resulted in a retardation of colicine K antibiotic moiety as measured by gel filtration but did not affect the gel filtration properties of the lipopolysaccharide moiety.
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41
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ITO S, VINSON JW. FINE STRUCTURE OF RICKETTSIA QUINTANA CULTIVATED IN VITRO AND IN THE LOUSE. J Bacteriol 1996; 89:481-95. [PMID: 14255718 PMCID: PMC305532 DOI: 10.1128/jb.89.2.481-495.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ito, Susumu (Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.), and J. W. Vinson. Fine structure of Rickettsia quintana cultivated in vitro and in the louse. J. Bacteriol. 89:481-495. 1965.-Usually rod-shaped, Rickettsia quintana cells measure about 0.2 to 0.5 mu wide and up to 1.6 mu long. The rickettsiae have both an outer cell wall, about 80 A thick, and a plasma membrane, about 70 A thick, each of which is trilaminar. Occasional vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane occur. The nuclear material, distributed in irregular zones throughout the cytoplasm, appears as a loose network of fine fibrils when postfixed with uranyl acetate and as thick strands or clumps after routine OsO(4) fixation. The cytoplasm is densely packed with numerous granules, presumably ribosomes, about 150 A in diameter. Histochemical studies revealed the presence of both ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids. During binary fission, a constricting furrow is formed by the cell wall and plasmalemma. No difference in fine structure was observed between R. quintana propagated on cell-free media and in the louse.
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42
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NAIDE Y, NIKAIDO H, MAEKELAE PH, WILKINSON RG, STOCKER BA. SEMIROUGH STRAINS OF SALMONELLA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 53:147-53. [PMID: 14283192 PMCID: PMC219447 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.53.1.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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43
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Caroff M, Deprun C, Karibian D, Szabó L. Analysis of unmodified endotoxin preparations by 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry. Determination of molecular masses of the constituent native lipopolysaccharides. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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44
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Guinée PA, Jansen WH, Rijpkema SG. Infection and immunity to Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli in a rabbit model. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE, MIKROBIOLOGIE, UND HYGIENE. SERIES A, MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, VIROLOGY, PARASITOLOGY 1988; 270:260-9. [PMID: 2464884 DOI: 10.1016/s0176-6724(88)80162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholera disease can be induced in the rabbit by duodenal inoculation (DI) of Vibrio cholerae organisms after ligation of the cecum (C) (DIC model). When ligation of the cecum is omitted, no disease symptoms develop. In contrast, the animals are primed which becomes apparent as vibriocidal protection upon challenge with V. cholerae in the DIC model. This protection coincides with high anti-O antigen IgA levels in the bile. The O antigen was shown to be the protective antigen and it must be presented by live organisms. A non-enterotoxigenic mutant of V. cholerae induced protective immunity in the rabbit but was reported to cause mild diarrhea in human volunteers. Looking for alternatives, we applied cholera toxin, known as a mucosal adjuvant, together with killed V. cholerae cells to rabbits. Unfortunately, the minimum adjuvant dose was equal to the minimum toxic dose. A Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing also the V. cholerae O antigen induced systemic rather than local immunity which was not protective. Several Escherichia coli strains were able to elicit a local immune response, but the animal to animal differences were considerable. Therefore, V. cholerae itself was thought to be the most appropriate carrier organism. Some non-enterotoxigenic and auxotrophic mutants of V. cholerae were able to prime and did not show any undesired side-effects in the DIC model. Therefore, further attenuation of non-toxigenic V. cholerae strains by means of stable deletions in nutritional genes seems to be the most promising way to obtain acceptable vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Guinée
- National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Attridge S, Hackett J, Morona R, Whyte P. Towards a live oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of swine. Vaccine 1988; 6:387-9. [PMID: 3057757 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(88)90134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A live oral vaccine has been developed against scouring induced in piglets by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). An attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium, G30, has been used as a vector for plasmids encoding the production of the fimbrial colonization factors of porcine ETEC. Initial studies with clones expressing K88 or K99 fimbriae have shown them to be well tolerated when administered orally in very high doses. The clones elicited serum, colostral and milk antibodies to the fimbrial antigens, and a challenge trial indicated that such responses were sufficient to ensure the passive transfer of protective immunity to suckling piglets. The possible advantages of this approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Attridge
- Enterovax Limited, University of Adelaide, South Australia
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Stevenson G, Manning PA. Galactose epimeraseless (GalE) mutant G30 ofSalmonella typhimuriumis a good potential live oral vaccine carrier for fimbrial antigens. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Webb L, Goodwin CS, Green J. O antigen loss by semi-rough E. coli causing recurrent urinary infections, analysed by gel column filtration and gas-liquid chromatography. Pathology 1982; 14:17-24. [PMID: 7043377 DOI: 10.3109/00313028209069038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The surface polysaccharides of Escherichia coli isolated from 6 patients with recurrent urinary infection were studied serologically and chemically. In 4 patients multiple isolates were obtained. The first isolate from each of these patients was a smooth strain which could be serotyped with O antisera. The second isolates from 3 of these patients, obtained at intervals of 1-6 wk, were semi-rough strains. They could not be serotyped after culture on nutrient agar but could be serotyped after subculture on blood agar. In each patient the serotype remained the same. Gel column filtration of the polysaccharides, and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of the trimethyl-silylated sugars showed that smooth strains carried a preponderance of O-specific carbohydrate with little core carbohydrate. The semi-rough strains had lost nearly all their O-specific carbohydrate. The change from smooth to semi-rough involved the progressive loss of full length O-specific side-chains rather than a widespread 'shortening' of these side-chains. In patients chronically infected with the same strain of E. coli it has been shown that GLC analysis of the carbohydrates of different isolates of the same strain in one patient will vary because often the strain will undergo a smooth to semi-rough or rough variation. This variation indicates that GLC analysis of extracted carbohydrates would often not be able to determine whether multiple isolates of E. coli from one patient were the same or different strains.
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Cloning of genes for bacterial glycosyltransferases. I. Selection of hybrid plasmids carrying genes for two glucosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Schulman H, Kennedy EP. Identification of UDP-glucose as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the membrane-derived oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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