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Geng L, Luo Z. Magnetic Metal Clusters and Superatoms. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1856-1865. [PMID: 38335129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Metal clusters with tunable magnetism and chemical activity are ideal models to study magnetic order changes from microstructures to macroscopic substances, to understand the spin effect in diverse catalytic reactions, and to create information carriers of qubits in quantum computation. Precise preparation, reaction, and characterization of magnetic clusters provide a platform to understand spin-exchange interactions and geometrical/electronic structure-property relationships; thus, they are beneficial for the rational design and development of new cluster-genetic materials and spintronics microdevices. Advances in this field have discovered some high-spin magnetic clusters and superatoms, expanding the understanding of magnetism, aromaticity, cluster stability, and electron delocalization. Herein we present a perspective of the experimental and theoretical progress regarding magnetic clusters and superatoms, with the expectation of stimulating more research interest in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Illath K, Kar S, Gupta P, Shinde A, Wankhar S, Tseng FG, Lim KT, Nagai M, Santra TS. Microfluidic nanomaterials: From synthesis to biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121247. [PMID: 34801251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms gain popularity in biomedical research due to their attractive inherent features, especially in nanomaterials synthesis. This review critically evaluates the current state of the controlled synthesis of nanomaterials using microfluidic devices. We describe nanomaterials' screening in microfluidics, which is very relevant for automating the synthesis process for biomedical applications. We discuss the latest microfluidics trends to achieve noble metal, silica, biopolymer, quantum dots, iron oxide, carbon-based, rare-earth-based, and other nanomaterials with a specific size, composition, surface modification, and morphology required for particular biomedical application. Screening nanomaterials has become an essential tool to synthesize desired nanomaterials using more automated processes with high speed and repeatability, which can't be neglected in today's microfluidic technology. Moreover, we emphasize biomedical applications of nanomaterials, including imaging, targeting, therapy, and sensing. Before clinical use, nanomaterials have to be evaluated under physiological conditions, which is possible in the microfluidic system as it stimulates chemical gradients, fluid flows, and the ability to control microenvironment and partitioning multi-organs. In this review, we emphasize the clinical evaluation of nanomaterials using microfluidics which was not covered by any other reviews. In the future, the growth of new materials or modification in existing materials using microfluidics platforms and applications in a diversity of biomedical fields by utilizing all the features of microfluidic technology is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Syrpailyne Wankhar
- Department of Bioengineering, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, South Korea
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
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Mammen N, Narasimhan S. Diffusion barriers, growth pathways, and scaling relations for small supported metal clusters. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144709. [PMID: 31615259 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sintering is one of the main causes of degradation of nanocatalysts. With a view to studying the process of sintering, and its relative likelihood across elements, we have used ab initio density functional theory to compute the pathways and energy barriers Ed for the diffusion of small clusters Ptn on MgO(001), n = 1-4. We compare with the corresponding results for Aun, Agn, and Pdn. In general, diffusion barriers, but also sintering energies, are highest for Pt, resulting in opposing trends from kinetics and thermodynamics. We find smooth and positive correlations between Ed and Eb, Eb and Ecoh, Ecoh and Tm, and thus, between Ed and Tm, where Eb is the binding energy of the cluster on MgO, and Ecoh and Tm are the cohesive energy and melting temperature, respectively, of the corresponding bulk metal. These trends are present for diffusion of the monomers, trimers, and tetramers, but not the dimers; this can be explained by the topography of the energy landscape separating the global minimum from the transition state. The temperature T0 at which metal clusters on a given support become mobile is given by α + βTm, where α and β are constants that depend on the support. We also present similar results for self-diffusion of monomers of the four metals on the (111) surfaces. Such scaling relations could be used to rapidly estimate diffusion barriers, and hence the growth and sintering behavior, of potential catalytic metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mammen
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shobhana Narasimhan
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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Liu C, Hübner R, Xie Y, Wang M, Xu C, Jiang Z, Yuan Y, Li X, Yang J, Li L, Weschke E, Prucnal S, Helm M, Zhou S. Ultra-fast annealing manipulated spinodal nano-decomposition in Mn-implanted Ge. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:054001. [PMID: 30499464 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaefb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, millisecond-range flash lamp annealing is used to recrystallize Mn-implanted Ge. Through systematic investigations of structural and magnetic properties, we find that the flash lamp annealing produces a phase mixture consisting of spinodally decomposed Mn-rich ferromagnetic clusters within a paramagnetic-like matrix with randomly distributed Mn atoms. Increasing the annealing energy density from 46, via 50, to 56 J cm-2 causes the segregation of Mn atoms into clusters, as proven by transmission electron microscopy analysis and quantitatively confirmed by magnetization measurements. According to x-ray absorption spectroscopy, the dilute Mn ions within Ge are in d 5 electronic configuration. This Mn-doped Ge shows paramagnetism, as evidenced by the unsaturated magnetic-field-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal. Our study reveals how spinodal decomposition occurs and influences the formation of ferromagnetic Mn-rich Ge-Mn nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoming Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, 150001, Harbin, People's Republic of China. Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Science, Research Center of Basic Space Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, People's Republic of China. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
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Konoplyuk SM, Kozlova LE, Kokorin VV, Perekos AO, Kolomiets OV. Magnetic States in Ensemble of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles in Cu-Mn-Al Alloy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:23. [PMID: 26762264 PMCID: PMC4712180 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two Cu-Mn-Al samples of different compositions were studied: one exhibiting martensitic transformation, another without structural transition. X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements demonstrate that different magnetic behaviors of alloys originate from different concentrations and sizes of ferromagnetic nanoparticles, which appear after solid solution decomposition.Estimation of magnetic moments of ferromagnetic nanoparticles from magnetization curves was performed using Langevin function and compared to those obtained from X-ray examination. Granular systems are known to show giant magnetoresistance. Therefore, magnetoresistance of Cu-Mn-Al melt-spun ribbons after different aging times was measured. The study has shown that increase in the concentration of Mn atoms and time of aging in Cu-Mn-Al alloy leads to an increase in the amount of precipitated phase appearing as ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Konoplyuk
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Science of Ukraine and Ministry for Education and Science of Ukraine, Vernadsky Blvd. 36-b, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine.
| | - L E Kozlova
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Science of Ukraine and Ministry for Education and Science of Ukraine, Vernadsky Blvd. 36-b, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
| | - V V Kokorin
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Science of Ukraine and Ministry for Education and Science of Ukraine, Vernadsky Blvd. 36-b, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
| | - A O Perekos
- G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Vernadsky Blvd. 36, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
| | - O V Kolomiets
- Department of Physics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, S. Bandery Str. 12, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
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New Fluoride-arsenide Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor (Ba,K)F(Zn,Mn)As with Independent Spin and Charge Doping. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36578. [PMID: 27874044 PMCID: PMC5118802 DOI: 10.1038/srep36578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of a new fluoride-arsenide bulk diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ba,K)F(Zn,Mn)As with the tetragonal ZrCuSiAs-type structure which is identical to that of the “1111” iron-based superconductors. The joint hole doping via (Ba,K) substitution & spin doping via (Zn,Mn) substitution results in ferromagnetic order with Curie temperature up to 30 K and demonstrates that the ferromagnetic interactions between the localized spins are mediated by the carriers. Muon spin relaxation measurements confirm the intrinsic nature of the long range magnetic order in the entire volume in the ferromagnetic phase. This is the first time that a diluted magnetic semiconductor with decoupled spin and charge doping is achieved in a fluoride compound. Comparing to the isostructure oxide counterpart of LaOZnSb, the fluoride DMS (Ba,K)F(Zn,Mn)As shows much improved semiconductive behavior that would be benefit for further application developments.
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Unusual transient stabilization with stabilizers and morphology of Co-nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Shiozawa H, Briones-Leon A, Domanov O, Zechner G, Sato Y, Suenaga K, Saito T, Eisterer M, Weschke E, Lang W, Peterlik H, Pichler T. Nickel clusters embedded in carbon nanotubes as high performance magnets. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15033. [PMID: 26459370 PMCID: PMC4602218 DOI: 10.1038/srep15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensembles of fcc nickel nanowires have been synthesized with defined mean sizes in the interior of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The method allows the intrinsic nature of single-domain magnets to emerge with large coercivity as their size becomes as small as the exchange length of nickel. By means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism we probe electronic interactions at nickel-carbon interfaces where nickel exhibit no hysteresis and size-dependent spin magnetic moment. A manifestation of the interacting two subsystems on a bulk scale is traced in the nanotube’s magnetoresistance as explained within the framework of weak localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Shiozawa
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Briones-Leon
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleg Domanov
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Zechner
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuta Sato
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | | | - Eugen Weschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lang
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig Peterlik
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Giorgiutti-Dauphiné F, Pauchard L. Striped patterns induced by delamination of drying colloidal films. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:1397-1402. [PMID: 25579388 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The drying of a dispersion of nanoparticles on a solid substrate can result in the formation of spontaneous well-ordered stripe patterns left on the substrate. The evaporation of solvent yields large stresses in the material which usually cause crack formation and delamination from the substrate. The formation of these stripes results from a balance between the drying stress which drives the delamination crack front propagation and the cohesive properties of the material. These solid residues arise behind the crack front and can be perpendicular or parallel to the front. It is then possible to inhibit these structures by modifying the cohesive properties of the material. This self-assembly into an ordered pattern can offer an efficient method to produce a patterned surface in a simple way.
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10
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Liu S, Zhang L, Li Y, Han M, Dai Z, Bao J. Synthesis of PbS/PbI2 Nanocomposites in Mixed Solvent and Their Composition-Dependent Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Performance. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:8548-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501128n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Min Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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11
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Bardotti L, Tournus F, Albin C, Boisron O, Dupuis V. Self-organisation of size-selected CoxPt1−x clusters on graphite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26653-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Submonolayer thin films morphologies obtained by deposition of size-selected CoxPt1−x clusters on graphite have been analyzed for different values of x. We put into evidence that the introduction of platinum atoms in the incident particles drastically changes the interaction between clusters and a local self-organization of size selected magnetic nanoparticles can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Bardotti
- Institut Lumière Matière
- UMR 5306
- Université Lyon 1-CNRS
- Université de Lyon
- 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - F. Tournus
- Institut Lumière Matière
- UMR 5306
- Université Lyon 1-CNRS
- Université de Lyon
- 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - C. Albin
- Institut Lumière Matière
- UMR 5306
- Université Lyon 1-CNRS
- Université de Lyon
- 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - O. Boisron
- Institut Lumière Matière
- UMR 5306
- Université Lyon 1-CNRS
- Université de Lyon
- 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - V. Dupuis
- Institut Lumière Matière
- UMR 5306
- Université Lyon 1-CNRS
- Université de Lyon
- 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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12
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Synthesis and properties of bifunctional magnetic-optical nanomaterials: Fe2O3@Pdmaema-capped II–VI semiconductor quantum dots nanocomposites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Baskin A, Lo WY, Král P. Clusters and lattices of particles stabilized by dipolar coupling. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6083-6090. [PMID: 22681546 DOI: 10.1021/nn301155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We model stabilization of clusters and lattices of spherical particles with dominant electric and magnetic dipolar coupling, and weak van der Waals coupling. Our analytical results demonstrate that dipolar coupling can stabilize nanoparticle clusters with planar, tubular, Möbius, and other arrangements. We also explain for which parameters the nanoparticles can form lattices with fcc, hcp, sh, sc, and other types of packing. Although these results are valid at different scales, we illustrate that realistic magnetic and semiconducting nanoparticles need to have certain minimum sizes to stabilize at room temperature into nanostructures controlled by dipolar coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baskin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Syed A, Ahmad A. Extracellular biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 97:27-31. [PMID: 22580481 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience is a blooming field and promises a better future. In order to fabricate nanoparticles in an eco-friendly and inexpensive manner, significant efforts are being made to replace the chemical and physical methods currently being used with the biological methods. Chemical methods are toxic while the physical ones are very expensive. Biological methods, apart from being cost-effective, also provide protein capped nanoparticles which are thus very stable, have good dispersity and do not flocculate, and may find use in various applications. The present work emphasizes on platinum nanoparticles synthesis protocol which occurs at ambient conditions. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum when incubated with hexachloroplatinic acid (H(2)PtCl(6)) in ambient conditions reduces the precursor and leads to the formation of stable extracellular platinum nanoparticles. The biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy and these nanoparticles were completely characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanoparticles are in the size range of 5-30 nm and are stabilized by proteins present in the solution. The reduction process is believed to occur enzymatically, thus creating the possibility of a rational, fungal-based method for the synthesis of nanoparticles over a wide range of chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Syed
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India.
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Nealon GL, Greget R, Dominguez C, Nagy ZT, Guillon D, Gallani JL, Donnio B. Liquid-crystalline nanoparticles: Hybrid design and mesophase structures. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:349-70. [PMID: 22509204 PMCID: PMC3326612 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-crystalline nanoparticles represent an exciting class of new materials for a variety of potential applications. By combining supramolecular ordering with the fluid properties of the liquid-crystalline state, these materials offer the possibility to organise nanoparticles into addressable 2-D and 3-D arrangements exhibiting high processability and self-healing properties. Herein, we review the developments in the field of discrete thermotropic liquid-crystalline nanoparticle hybrids, with special emphasis on the relationship between the nanoparticle morphology and the nature of the organic ligand coating and their resulting phase behaviour. Mechanisms proposed to explain the supramolecular organisation of the mesogens within the liquid-crystalline phases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth L Nealon
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Lipomi DJ, Martinez RV, Whitesides GM. Use of Thin Sectioning (Nanoskiving) to Fabricate Nanostructures for Electronic and Optical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8566-83. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lipomi DJ, Martínez RV, Whitesides GM. Der Einsatz von Nanoskiving zur Fertigung von Nanostrukturen für elektronische und optische Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Khomutov G, Gubin S, Koksharov Y, Khanin V, Obidenov A, Soldatov E, Trifonov A. A Method for Controlled Synthesis of Anisotropic Nanoparticles and Nanosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-577-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn the present work it has been shown that the shape of ultrafme metallic magnetic particles is controlled by applied magnetic and/or electric fields and the state of reaction media during the nanoparticles formation. The ulraviolet (UV) decomposition of volatile organometallic compound iron pentacarbonyl was used to produce amorphous metallic nanoparticles. The two-dimensional photochemical synthesis of nanoparticles was carried out in a mixed Langmnuir monolayer at the gas/water interface with stearic acid as surfactant matrix and also in a mixed film deposited onto graphite substrate. Scanning tunneling microscopy analysis of deposited nanoparticulate monolayers showed that the size and shape of nanoparticles formed were dependent on the initial mixed monolayer content, compression extent and exposure time to UV, and were changed dramatically from isotropic plate-like to aligned ellipsoidal and needle-like when external magnetic and/or electric fields were applied during the synthesis. Magnetic nanoparticles with diameter exceeding 5 nm formed chain structures alignable by external fields. The one-dimensional aligned metallic string-like nanostructures (nanowires) with cross-section size about 10+20 rm were also formed at elevated temperatures under synergistically applied magnetic and electric fields. Magnetic properties of nanoparticulate multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett films were studied using electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The ferromagnetic resonance and superparamagnetic signals were observed in the material.
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Schmidt D, Ibbetson J, Brehmer D, Palmstrøm C, Allen S. Giant Magnetoresistance of Self-Assembled ErAs Islands in GaAs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-475-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe have integrated nanometer-sized ErAs islands in GaAs, resulting in a nano-composite of paramagnetic particles in a semiconductor. Negative giant magnetoresistance of up to four orders of magnitude is observed at low temperatures. We can control the density and size of the ErAs islands, making this an ideal system to investigate transport in magnetic nano-structures.
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20
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Fu R, Fu GD. Polymeric nanomaterials from combined click chemistry and controlled radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Demortière A, Buathong S, Pichon BP, Panissod P, Guillon D, Bégin-Colin S, Donnio B. Nematic-like organization of magnetic mesogen-hybridized nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:1341-1346. [PMID: 20486228 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A fluid nematic-like phase is induced in monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 3.3 nm. This supramolecular arrangement is governed by the covalent functionalization of the nanoparticle surface with cyanobiphenyl-based ligands as mesogenic promoters. The design and synthesis of these hybrid materials and the study of their mesogenic properties are reported. In addition, the modifications of the magnetic properties of the hybridized nanoparticles are investigated as a function of the different grafted ligands. Owing to the rather large interparticular distances (about 7 nm), the dipolar interaction between nanoparticles is shown to play only a minor role. Conversely, the surface magnetic anisotropy of the particles is significantly affected by the surface derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Demortière
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR7504), Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Ni X, Zheng Z, Hu X, Xiao X. Silica-coated iron nanocubes: Preparation, characterization and application in microwave absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 341:18-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Yang A, Chinnasamy CN, Greneche JM, Chen Y, Yoon SD, Chen Z, Hsu K, Cai Z, Ziemer K, Vittoria C, Harris VG. Enhanced Néel temperature in Mn ferrite nanoparticles linked to growth-rate-induced cation inversion. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:185704. [PMID: 19420627 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/18/185704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mn ferrite (MnFe(2)O(4)) nanoparticles, having diameters from 4 to 50 nm, were synthesized using a modified co-precipitation technique in which mixed metal chloride solutions were added to different concentrations of boiling NaOH solutions to control particle growth rate. Thermomagnetization measurements indicated an increase in Néel temperature corresponding to increased particle growth rate and particle size. The Néel temperature is also found to increase inversely proportionally to the cation inversion parameter, delta, appearing in the formula (Mn(1-delta)Fe(delta))(tet)[Mn(delta)Fe(2-delta)](oct)O(4). These results contradict previously published reports of trends between Néel temperature and particle size, and demonstrate the dominance of cation inversion in determining the strength of superexchange interactions and subsequently Néel temperature in ferrite systems. The particle surface chemistry, structure, and magnetic spin configuration play secondary roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Yang
- Center for Microwave Magnetic Materials and Integrated Circuits, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Praharaj S, Jana S, Kundu S, Pande S, Pal T. Effect of concentration of methanol for the control of particle size and size-dependent SERS studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 333:699-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Yan W, Li Q, Zhong H, Zhong Z. Characterization and low-temperature sintering of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nano-powders prepared by refluxing method. POWDER TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Zheng X, Zhao X, Guo D, Tang B, Xu S, Zhao B, Xu W, Lombardi JR. Photochemical formation of silver nanodecahedra: structural selection by the excitation wavelength. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:3802-3807. [PMID: 19708255 DOI: 10.1021/la803814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silver decahedra have been successfully synthesized with high yield via a photochemical reaction using blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the exciting light source. The decahedra display distinct properties with respect to the ability of light scattering. The photochemical growth process of silver decahedra was monitored by both extinction and scattering spectral evolution. A suggested formation mechanism of silver decahedron is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
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27
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Añez R, Sierraalta A, Martorell G. Theoretical study of CO and H2O interaction on (110) and (101) Zirconia surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Smythe EJ, Dickey MD, Whitesides GM, Capasso F. A technique to transfer metallic nanoscale patterns to small and non-planar surfaces. ACS NANO 2009; 3:59-65. [PMID: 19206249 PMCID: PMC2658603 DOI: 10.1021/nn800720r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Conventional lithographic methods (e.g., electron-beam lithography, photolithography) are capable of producing high-resolution structures over large areas but are generally limited to large (>1 cm(2)) planar substrates. Incorporation of these features on unconventional substrates (i.e., small (<1 mm(2)) and/or non-planar substrates) would open possibilities for many applications, including remote fiber-based sensing, nanoscale optical lithography, three-dimensional fabrication, and integration of compact optical elements on fiber and semiconductor lasers. Here we introduce a simple method in which a thin thiol-ene film strips arbitrary nanoscale metallic features from one substrate and is then transferred, along with the attached features, to a substrate that would be difficult or impossible to pattern with conventional lithographic techniques. An oxygen plasma removes the sacrificial film, leaving behind the metallic features. The transfer of dense and sparse patterns of isolated and connected gold features ranging from 30 nm to 1 mum, to both an optical fiber facet and a silica microsphere, demonstrates the versatility of the method. A distinguishing feature of this technique is the use of a thin, sacrificial film to strip and transfer metallic nanopatterns and its ability to directly transfer metallic structures produced by conventional lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Smythe
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Federico Capasso
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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29
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Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang J, Sun Z, Li Y, Zhang K, Yang B. Fabrication of surface-patterned and free-standing ZnO nanobowls. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Basit H, Pal A, Sen S, Bhattacharya S. Two-Component Hydrogels Comprising Fatty Acids and Amines: Structure, Properties, and Application as a Template for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2008; 14:6534-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Kilin DS, Prezhdo OV, Xia Y. Shape-controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Ab initio study of preferential surface coordination with citric acid. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Song Y, Hormes J, Kumar CSSR. Microfluidic synthesis of nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:698-711. [PMID: 18535993 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200701029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the current information and analyses on the microfluidic synthesis of different types of nanomaterial, including metallic and silica nanoparticles and quantum dots, is presented. Control of particle size, size distribution, and crystal structure of nanomaterials are examined in terms of the special features of microfluidic reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Song
- Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA
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33
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Ajimsha RS, Anoop G, Aravind A, Jayaraj MK. Luminescence from Surfactant-Free ZnO Quantum Dots Prepared by Laser Ablation in Liquid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2820767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Suzdalev IP, Suzdalev PI. Nanoclusters and nanocluster systems. Assembling, interactions and properties. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2001v070n03abeh000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Ni X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zheng H. Citrate-assisted synthesis of prickly nickel microwires and their surface modification with silver. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 307:554-8. [PMID: 17196606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new type of prickly nickel microwires assembled by thornlike nanocrystals was fabricated through a simple chemical reduction route with the assistance of citrate. Thus-prepared nickel wires were subsequently morphology-retained modified with a thin silver shell via transmetallation. Compared with the uncoated sample, the Ni(core)-Ag(shell) wires exhibited much-enhanced oxidation resistance, slightly changed magnetic properties and stark different catalysis for the creation of carbon particles in pyrolyzing acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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36
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37
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Chao KJ, Chang YP, Chen YC, Lo AS, Phan TH. Morphology of Nanostructured Platinum in Mesoporous MaterialsEffect of Solvent and Intrachannel Surface. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:1638-46. [PMID: 16471727 DOI: 10.1021/jp0547820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An intrachannel surface of host silica was functionalized through the reaction of surface silanol groups with silanes to generate a monolayer of positively charged groups, and together with the strongly adsorbed and negatively charged PtCl6(2-), resulting in nanostructured platinum-mesoporous silica composites. The highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles and nanonetworks are fabricated from (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3N(CH3)3+Cl- functionalized mesoporous silica MCM-48 with H2PtCl6 in ethanol and water solvent, and characterized by PXRD, XAS, TEM, and N2 adsorption. The solvent of H2PtCl6 solution is found to affect the mobility of Pt precursors and the resulting morphology of nanostructured metallic Pt. The effect of the intrachannel surface properties on the incorporation and the morphology of nanostructured Pt on the deposition of Pt(NH3)4Cl2 and H2PtCl6 on Al-doped or C-coated mesoporous silica MCM-41 is also studied relative to that on pure silica MCM-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei jung Chao
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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38
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Schweyer-Tihay F, Estournès C, Braunstein P, Guille J, Paillaud JL, Richard-Plouet M, Rosé J. On the nature of metallic nanoparticles obtained from molecular Co3Ru–carbonyl clusters in mesoporous silica matrices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:4018-28. [PMID: 17028692 DOI: 10.1039/b603404g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the impregnation of THF solutions of the low-valent heterometallic cluster NEt(4)[Co(3)Ru(CO)(12)] into two mesoporous silica matrices, amorphous xerogels and ordered MCM-41, and a study of its thermal decomposition into metallic nanoparticles by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and in situ magnetic measurements under controlled atmospheres. The decomposition of the cluster was monitored as a function of temperature by examining the chemical composition of the particles, their size distributions and their structures as well as their magnetic properties. Treatment under inert atmosphere (i.e. argon) at temperatures below 200 degrees C resulted in the formation of segregated spherical particles of hcp-ruthenium (2.3 +/- 1.0 nm) and hcp-cobalt (3.1 +/- 0.9 nm). The latter is transformed to fcc-cobalt (3.2 +/- 1.0 nm) above 270 degrees C. At higher temperatures, Co-Ru alloying takes place and the Ru content of the particles increases with increasing temperature to reach the nominal composition of the molecular precursor, Co(3)Ru. The particles are more evenly distributed in the MCM-41 framework compared to the disordered xerogel and also show a narrower size distribution. Owing to the different magnetic anisotropy of hcp- and fcc-cobalt, which results in different blocking temperatures, we were able to clearly identify the products formed at the early stages of the thermal decomposition procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Schweyer-Tihay
- Groupe des Matériaux Inorganiques, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, UMR 7504 CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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39
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Zeng H, Cai W, Li Y, Hu J, Liu P. Composition/Structural Evolution and Optical Properties of ZnO/Zn Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquid Media. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:18260-6. [PMID: 16853349 DOI: 10.1021/jp052258n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present composition-controlled synthesis of ZnO-Zn composite nanoparticles by laser ablation of a zinc metal target in pure water or in aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). By SDS concentration, composition and size of the nanoparticles can be controlled in a wide range. Relative amounts of the components Zn and ZnO, the particle size, and the microstructure can evolve with SDS concentration in solution. High SDS concentration corresponds to high relative amount of Zn nanoparticles existing as the core in the core/shell nanostructures, whereas low SDS concentration leads to high ZnO amount. This was explained by a dynamic mechanism on the basis of the competition between aqueous oxidation and SDS capping protection. Correspondingly, optical absorption spectra evolve from the excitonic peak of ZnO (about 350 nm) to the Zn surface plasmon resonance (about 242 nm) with rise of SDS concentration. A blue (about 450 nm) photoluminescence was observed in the obtained ZnO nanoparticles, which was attributed to existence of interstitial zinc in ZnO lattices. This study has revealed that laser ablation of active metal in liquid media is an appropriate method to synthesize a series of metal oxide semiconductor-metal composite nanoparticles with controlled composition and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academia of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
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40
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Ren X, Chen D, Tang F. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Copper Colloids with a Simple Chemical Route. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:15803-7. [PMID: 16853007 DOI: 10.1021/jp052374q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The new electrical and optical properties of nanomaterials depend sensitively on both size and shape, which are of both fundamental and technological interest. This paper introduces a simple chemical method to produce copper particles, which has the ability to shape the particle without using any capping agent or template. In our synthetic procedure, the reactant concentration and temperature exerted a strong influence on the shape of the copper particles. At low reactant concentrations, the particles were cubic; at high reactant concentrations, obtained particles were spherical. The number of hollow particles greatly increased when the synthesis was performed at low temperature. We also synthesized a copper cubic ring at lower temperature, and it has been rarely reported. The absorption spectrum of hollow particles showed obvious red shifts, which suggests the possible assembly of novel optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Ren
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Box 5091, Jia #3, Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
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41
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Bhongale CJ, Chang CW, Lee CS, Diau EWG, Hsu CS. Relaxation Dynamics and Structural Characterization of Organic Nanoparticles with Enhanced Emission. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:13472-82. [PMID: 16852685 DOI: 10.1021/jp0502297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With a reprecipitation method, we prepared fluorescent organic nanoparticles of 1,4-di[(E)-2-phenyl-1-propenyl]benzene (PPB) that feature weak emission in solution but exhibit blue-shifted absorption and strong emission as aggregates. Picosecond fluorescent transients of these PPB nanoparticles showed biexponential decay, described with a consecutive kinetic model involving two emissive states. X-ray diffraction patterns of PPB nanocrystals indicate long-range packing structures of two types, one the same as in a single crystal and the other not yet determined. PPB molecules in a crystal show an arrangement of a herringbone type with three benzene rings in a PPB unit being nearly planar and two methyl groups of the unit pointing along the same direction, in contrast to the twisted structure of an isolated PPB molecule. Fluorescence transients of PPB on a femtosecond scale indicate an efficient channel for isomerization that is activated for free PPB in solution but inhibited in PPB forming nanoparticles, demonstrating the significance of molecular geometry and twisting motions that affect the relaxation dynamics in the excited state. The versatile techniques combined in this work provide strong evidence to improve our understanding of optical properties in organic nanoparticles dependent on size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Jagdish Bhongale
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
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42
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Fullerton SK, Maranas JK. A molecular dynamics study of the structural dependence of boron oxide nanoparticles on shape. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:363-368. [PMID: 15794626 DOI: 10.1021/nl048660f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to study the effect of varying nanoparticle shape on the structure of boron oxide nanoparticles. Two nanoshapes are investigated and compared: a sphere of diameter 16 A and a cube of dimension 16 x 16 x 16 A. A many-body polarization model is employed within the simulation, accounting for dipole moments induced by local electric fields. The resulting network is described by a short-range structure consisting of planar BO(3) units, while the intermediate-range structure is described by six-membered planar boroxol rings. Both the fraction of boroxol rings and their locations differ between the two nanoshapes. All planar boroxol rings within the spherical simulation are located on the interior, while planar rings within the cubic simulation aggregate to the cube walls. In addition, structural differences appear between the two shapes at longer ranges, including the formation of "layers" aligned parallel to the walls of the cube, reminiscent of both the low-density crystalline phase and the high-density amorphous form of boron oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Fullerton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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43
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Li H, Shi JL, Li L, Gu JL, Zhang LX, Chen HR, Shi W. A Novel Seeding Growth Route to Synthesize Uniform Pt Clusters within Mesoporous Silica by Non-aqueous Electroless Deposition. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Gravano SM, Dumas R, Liu K, Patten TE. Methods for the surface functionalization of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization and the formation of core-shell inorganic-polymer structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Datta A, Saha A, Sinha AK, Bhattacharyya SN, Chatterjee S. Synthesis of CdS nanoparticles in colloidal state and its possible interaction with tyrosine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 78:69-75. [PMID: 15629251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Revised: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The basic objective is to develop a simpler method of preparation of the colloidal CdS nanoparticles with greater stability and to study interaction with tyrosine molecules. Average size of the particles in the colloid is found to be about 3 nm as probed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Effect of both sulfide enriched CdS as well as Cd(2+) enriched CdS on tyrosine is investigated both through absorbance and emission spectroscopy. Quenching of tyrosine emission followed Stern-Volmer relation and was found to be independent of temperature, indicating possible static quenching. However, Forster transfer between tyrosine and CdS can be suspected to mimic static quenching in addition to the charge transfer complexes. In the presence of Cd(2+) enriched CdS nanoparticles, the emission of tyrosine in phosphate buffer shows typical spectral broadening and a long wavelength increase in fluorescence emission. This may be attributed to the sensitized emission of CdS itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Datta
- Inter University Consortium for DAE Facilities, Calcutta Centre, Sector III, Block LB, Plot No. 8, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 098, India
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46
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47
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Hawa T, Zachariah MR. Internal pressure and surface tension of bare and hydrogen coated silicon nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:9043-9. [PMID: 15527370 DOI: 10.1063/1.1797073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a study of internal pressure and surface tension of bare and hydrogen coated silicon nanoparticles of 2-10 nm diameter as a function of temperature, using molecular dynamics simulations employing a reparametrized Kohen-Tully-Stillinger interatomic potential. The internal pressure was found to increase with decreasing particle size but the density was found to be independent of the particle size. We showed that for covalent bond structures, changes in surface curvature and the associated surface forces were not sufficient to significantly change bond lengths and angles. Thus, the surface tension was also found to be independent of the particle size. Surface tension was found to decrease with increasing particle temperature while the internal pressure did not vary with temperature. The presence of hydrogen on the surface of a particle significantly reduces surface tension (e.g., drops from 0.83 J/m(2) to 0.42 J/m(2) at 1500 K). The computed pressure of bare and coated particles was found to follow the classical Laplace-Young equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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48
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Lim WP, Low HY, Chin WS. IR-Luminescent PbS−Polystyrene Nanocomposites Prepared from Random Ionomers in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048178l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. P. Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - H. Y. Low
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - W. S. Chin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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49
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Abstract
In the coming decade, the ability to sense and detect the state of biological systems and living organisms optically, electrically and magnetically will be radically transformed by developments in materials physics and chemistry. The emerging ability to control the patterns of matter on the nanometer length scale can be expected to lead to entirely new types of biological sensors. These new systems will be capable of sensing at the single-molecule level in living cells, and capable of parallel integration for detection of multiple signals, enabling a diversity of simultaneous experiments, as well as better crosschecks and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Alivisatos
- University of California-Berkeley, Department of Chemistry, B60 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA.
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50
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Chen S, Carroll DL. Silver Nanoplates: Size Control in Two Dimensions and Formation Mechanisms. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp031077n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0971, and Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109-7507
| | - David L. Carroll
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0971, and Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109-7507
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