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de Kivit S, Mensink M, Kostidis S, Derks RJE, Zaal EA, Heijink M, Verleng LJ, de Vries E, Schrama E, Blomberg N, Berkers CR, Giera M, Borst J. Immune suppression by human thymus-derived effector Tregs relies on glucose/lactate-fueled fatty acid synthesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114681. [PMID: 39180751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress pro-inflammatory conventional T cell (Tconv) responses. As lipids impact cell signaling and function, we compare the lipid composition of CD4+ thymus-derived (t)Tregs and Tconvs. Lipidomics reveal constitutive enrichment of neutral lipids in Tconvs and phospholipids in tTregs. TNFR2-co-stimulated effector tTregs and Tconvs are both glycolytic, but only in tTregs are glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle linked to a boost in fatty acid (FA) synthesis (FAS), supported by relevant gene expression. FA chains in tTregs are longer and more unsaturated than in Tconvs. In contrast to Tconvs, tTregs effectively use either lactate or glucose for FAS and rely on this process for proliferation. FASN and SCD1, enzymes responsible for FAS and FA desaturation, prove essential for the ability of tTregs to suppress Tconvs. These data illuminate how effector tTregs can thrive in inflamed or cancerous tissues with limiting glucose but abundant lactate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander de Kivit
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Mark Mensink
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rico J E Derks
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism, and Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Heijink
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte J Verleng
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Evert de Vries
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Schrama
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Niek Blomberg
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism, and Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Schneider F, Cespedes PF, Karedla N, Dustin ML, Fritzsche M. Quantifying biomolecular organisation in membranes with brightness-transit statistics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7082. [PMID: 39152104 PMCID: PMC11329664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells crucially rely on the interactions of biomolecules at their plasma membrane to maintain homeostasis. Yet, a methodology to systematically quantify biomolecular organisation, measuring diffusion dynamics and oligomerisation, represents an unmet need. Here, we introduce the brightness-transit statistics (BTS) method based on fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy and combine information from brightness and transit times to elucidate biomolecular diffusion and oligomerisation in both cell-free in vitro and in vitro systems incorporating living cells. We validate our approach in silico with computer simulations and experimentally using oligomerisation of EGFP tethered to supported lipid bilayers. We apply our pipeline to study the oligomerisation of CD40 ectodomain in vitro and endogenous CD40 on primary B cells. While we find a potential for CD40 to oligomerize in a concentration or ligand depended manner, we do not observe mobile oligomers on B cells. The BTS method combines sensitive analysis, quantification, and intuitive visualisation of dynamic biomolecular organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schneider
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America.
| | - Pablo F Cespedes
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Narain Karedla
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom.
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3
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Lingwood C. Is cholesterol both the lock and key to abnormal transmembrane signals in Autism Spectrum Disorder? Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:114. [PMID: 38643132 PMCID: PMC11032007 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis have been associated with ASD. Lipid rafts are central in many transmembrane signaling pathways (including mTOR) and changes in raft cholesterol content affect their order function. Cholesterol levels are controlled by several mechanisms, including endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) of the rate limiting HMGCoA reductase. A new approach to increase cholesterol via temporary ERAD blockade using a benign bacterial toxin-derived competitor for the ERAD translocon is suggested.A new lock and key model for cholesterol/lipid raft dependent signaling is proposed in which the rafts provide both the afferent and efferent 'tumblers' across the membrane to allow 'lock and key' receptor transmembrane signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Lingwood
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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4
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Kennewick KT, Bensinger SJ. Decoding the crosstalk between mevalonate metabolism and T cell function. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:71-94. [PMID: 36999733 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is an essential metabolic pathway in T cells regulating development, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and effector functions. The mevalonate pathway is a complex, branched pathway composed of many enzymes that ultimately generate cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. T cells must tightly control metabolic flux through the branches of the mevalonate pathway to ensure sufficient isoprenoids and cholesterol are available to meet cellular demands. Unbalanced metabolite flux through the sterol or the nonsterol isoprenoid branch is metabolically inefficient and can have deleterious consequences for T cell fate and function. Accordingly, there is tight regulatory control over metabolic flux through the branches of this essential lipid synthetic pathway. In this review we provide an overview of how the branches of the mevalonate pathway are regulated in T cells and discuss our current understanding of the relationship between mevalonate metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly T Kennewick
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Wang NI, Ninkov M, Haeryfar SMM. Classic costimulatory interactions in MAIT cell responses: from gene expression to immune regulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:50-66. [PMID: 37279566 PMCID: PMC10324557 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved, innate-like T lymphocytes with enormous immunomodulatory potentials. Due to their strategic localization, their invariant T cell receptor (iTCR) specificity for major histocompatibility complex-related protein 1 (MR1) ligands of commensal and pathogenic bacterial origin, and their sensitivity to infection-elicited cytokines, MAIT cells are best known for their antimicrobial characteristics. However, they are thought to also play important parts in the contexts of cancer, autoimmunity, vaccine-induced immunity, and tissue repair. While cognate MR1 ligands and cytokine cues govern MAIT cell maturation, polarization, and peripheral activation, other signal transduction pathways, including those mediated by costimulatory interactions, regulate MAIT cell responses. Activated MAIT cells exhibit cytolytic activities and secrete potent inflammatory cytokines of their own, thus transregulating the biological behaviors of several other cell types, including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, conventional T cells, and B cells, with significant implications in health and disease. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of how costimulatory pathways control MAIT cell responses may introduce new targets for optimized MR1/MAIT cell-based interventions. Herein, we compare and contrast MAIT cells and mainstream T cells for their expression of classic costimulatory molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptor superfamily, based not only on the available literature but also on our transcriptomic analyses. We discuss how these molecules participate in MAIT cells' development and activities. Finally, we introduce several pressing questions vis-à-vis MAIT cell costimulation and offer new directions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole I Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Ninkov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Promsote W, Xu L, Hataye J, Fabozzi G, March K, Almasri CG, DeMouth ME, Lovelace SE, Talana CA, Doria-Rose NA, McKee K, Hait SH, Casazza JP, Ambrozak D, Beninga J, Rao E, Furtmann N, Birkenfeld J, McCarthy E, Todd JP, Petrovas C, Connors M, Hebert AT, Beck J, Shen J, Zhang B, Levit M, Wei RR, Yang ZY, Pegu A, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ, Koup RA. Trispecific antibody targeting HIV-1 and T cells activates and eliminates latently-infected cells in HIV/SHIV infections. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3719. [PMID: 37349337 PMCID: PMC10287722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Agents that can simultaneously activate latent HIV, increase immune activation and enhance the killing of latently-infected cells represent promising approaches for HIV cure. Here, we develop and evaluate a trispecific antibody (Ab), N6/αCD3-αCD28, that targets three independent proteins: (1) the HIV envelope via the broadly reactive CD4-binding site Ab, N6; (2) the T cell antigen CD3; and (3) the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. We find that the trispecific significantly increases antigen-specific T-cell activation and cytokine release in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Co-culturing CD4+ with autologous CD8+ T cells from ART-suppressed HIV+ donors with N6/αCD3-αCD28, results in activation of latently-infected cells and their elimination by activated CD8+ T cells. This trispecific antibody mediates CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation in non-human primates and is well tolerated in vivo. This HIV-directed antibody therefore merits further development as a potential intervention for the eradication of latent HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Promsote
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ling Xu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- ModeX Therapeutics Inc., 22 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Jason Hataye
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Fabozzi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kylie March
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra G Almasri
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan E DeMouth
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Lovelace
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chloe Adrienna Talana
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph P Casazza
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ercole Rao
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Joerg Birkenfeld
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Perspix Biotech GmbH, FiZ Frankfurt Innovation Center Biotechnology, Altenhoeferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (chuv) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeremy Beck
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Junqing Shen
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bailin Zhang
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Ronnie R Wei
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- ModeX Therapeutics Inc., 22 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- ModeX Therapeutics Inc., 22 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- ModeX Therapeutics Inc., 22 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- ModeX Therapeutics Inc., 22 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Liu H, Shen H, Meng N, Qi X, Ding K, Song J, Fu R, Ding D, Feng G. BSA-AIE Nanoparticles with Boosted ROS Generation for Immunogenic Cell Death Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208692. [PMID: 36529696 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The main obstacle of multiple myeloma (MM) therapy is the compromised immune microenvironment, which leads to MM relapses and extramedullary disease progression. In this study, a novel strategy is reported of enhanced immunogenic cell death (ICD) immunotherapy with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (referred as BSA/TPA-Erdn), which can activate T cells, convert the cold tumor to hot, and reverse T cell senescence to restore the immune microenvironment for MM treatment. Loading AIE photosensitizer into the hydrophobic domain of BSA proteins significantly immobilizes the molecular geometry, which massively increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and elicits a promising ICD immune response. Employing a NOD-SCID IL-2receptor gamma null mice model with MM patients' monocytes, it is shown that BSA/TPA-Erdn can simulate human dentric cell maturation, activate functional T lymphocytes, and increase additional polarization and differentiation signals to deliver a promising immunotherapy performance. Intriguingly, for the first time, it is shown that BSA/TPA-Erdn can greatly reverse T cell senescence, a main challenge in treating MM. Additionally, BSA/TPA-Erdn can effectively recruit more functional T lymphocytes into MM tumor. As a consequence, BSA/TPA-Erdn restores MM immune microenvironment and shows the best MM tumor eradication performance, which shall pave new insights for MM treatment in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive, Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hongli Shen
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Nanhao Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xinwen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive, Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive, Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guangxue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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8
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Cerny O. Quantification of interaction frequency between antigen-presenting cells and T cells by conjugation assay. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 173:65-75. [PMID: 36653086 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between an antigen-presenting cell and a T cell, and their subsequent conjugation are a prerequisite for the formation of the immunological synapse and productive, antigen-dependent activation of T cells. This initial interaction is accompanied by recognition of the presented antigen by the T cell receptor, and by changes in the morphology of the interacting cells and in actin cytoskeleton structure in the site of interaction. The experimental protocol below describes a simple assay for quantitative assessment of antigen-presenting cells-T cell conjugation using confocal microscopy or flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Cerny
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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9
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Mazinani M, Rahbarizadeh F. CAR-T cell potency: from structural elements to vector backbone components. Biomark Res 2022; 10:70. [PMID: 36123710 PMCID: PMC9487061 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, in which a patient’s own T lymphocytes are engineered to recognize and kill cancer cells, has achieved remarkable success in some hematological malignancies in preclinical and clinical trials, resulting in six FDA-approved CAR-T products currently available in the market. Once equipped with a CAR construct, T cells act as living drugs and recognize and eliminate the target tumor cells in an MHC-independent manner. In this review, we first described all structural modular of CAR in detail, focusing on more recent findings. We then pointed out behind-the-scene elements contributing to CAR expression and reviewed how CAR expression can be drastically affected by the elements embedded in the viral vector backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mazinani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran. .,Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Molon B, Liboni C, Viola A. CD28 and chemokine receptors: Signalling amplifiers at the immunological synapse. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938004. [PMID: 35983040 PMCID: PMC9379342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are master regulators of the immune response tuning, among others, B cells, macrophages and NK cells. To exert their functions requiring high sensibility and specificity, T cells need to integrate different stimuli from the surrounding microenvironment. A finely tuned signalling compartmentalization orchestrated in dynamic platforms is an essential requirement for the proper and efficient response of these cells to distinct triggers. During years, several studies have depicted the pivotal role of the cytoskeleton and lipid microdomains in controlling signalling compartmentalization during T cell activation and functions. Here, we discuss mechanisms responsible for signalling amplification and compartmentalization in T cell activation, focusing on the role of CD28, chemokine receptors and the actin cytoskeleton. We also take into account the detrimental effect of mutations carried by distinct signalling proteins giving rise to syndromes characterized by defects in T cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Molon
- Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Barbara Molon,
| | - Cristina Liboni
- Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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11
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Sharma D, Czarnota GJ. Involvement of Ceramide Signalling in Radiation-Induced Tumour Vascular Effects and Vascular-Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126671. [PMID: 35743121 PMCID: PMC9223569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are well-recognized critical components in several biological processes. Ceramides constitute a class of sphingolipid metabolites that are involved in important signal transduction pathways that play key roles in determining the fate of cells to survive or die. Ceramide accumulated in cells causes apoptosis; however, ceramide metabolized to sphingosine promotes cell survival and angiogenesis. Studies suggest that vascular-targeted therapies increase endothelial cell ceramide resulting in apoptosis that leads to tumour cure. Specifically, ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) used as vascular disrupting agents can perturb endothelial cells, eliciting acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activation accompanied by ceramide release. This phenomenon results in endothelial cell death and vascular collapse and is synergistic with other antitumour treatments such as radiation. In contrast, blocking the generation of ceramide using multiple approaches, including the conversion of ceramide to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), abrogates this process. The ceramide-based cell survival "rheostat" between these opposing signalling metabolites is essential in the mechanotransductive vascular targeting following USMB treatment. In this review, we aim to summarize the past and latest findings on ceramide-based vascular-targeted strategies, including novel mechanotransductive methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Sharma
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-480-6100 (ext. 89533)
| | - Gregory J. Czarnota
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
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12
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Dutta D, Santhanam SK, Parween F, Ismaeel S, Qadri A. Membrane prohibitin forms a dynamic complex with p56 lck to regulate T cell receptor signaling. Immunol Lett 2021; 241:49-54. [PMID: 34942191 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitin is a highly conserved ubiquitously expressed protein involved in several key cellular functions. Targeting of this protein in the membrane by the virulence polysaccharide, Vi, of human typhoid-causing pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), results in suppression of IL-2 secretion from T cells activated through the T-cell receptor (TCR). However, the mechanism of this suppression remains unclear. Here, using Vi as a probe, we show that membrane prohibitin associates with the src-tyrosine kinase, p56lck (Lck), and actin in human model T cell line, Jurkat. Activation with anti-CD3 antibody brings about dissociation of this complex, which coincides with downstream ERK activation. The trimolecular complex reappears towards culmination of proximal TCR signaling. Engagement of cells with Vi prevents TCR-triggered activation of Lck and ERK by inhibiting dissociation of the former from prohibitin. These findings suggest a regulatory role for membrane prohibitin in Lck activation and TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Dutta
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf ali marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Srikanth K Santhanam
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf ali marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Farhat Parween
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf ali marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Sana Ismaeel
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf ali marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ayub Qadri
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf ali marg, New Delhi, 110067 India.
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13
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Wi JH, Heo CH, Gwak H, Jung C, Kim SY. Probing Physical Properties of the Cellular Membrane in Senescent Cells by Fluorescence Imaging. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10182-10194. [PMID: 34473497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to various types of stress. Although the plasma membrane and its composition are significantly affected by cellular senescence, detailed studies on the physical properties of the plasma membrane have shown inconclusive results. In this study, we utilized both ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence imaging to investigate how membrane properties, such as fluidity, hydrophobicity, and ganglioside GM1 level are affected by cellular senescence. The diffusion coefficient of lipid probes, as well as the type of diffusion determined by an exponent α, which is the slope of the log-log plot of mean squared displacement as a function of time lag, were analyzed. We found that the number of molecules with a lower diffusion coefficient increased as cells became senescent. The changes in the population with a lower diffusion coefficient, observed after methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment, and the increase in ceramide levels, detected using a ceramide-specific antibody, suggest that ceramide-rich lipid rafts were enhanced in senescent cells. Our results emphasize the importance of membrane properties in cellular senescence and might serve as a base for in-depth studies to determine how such domains facilitate the signaling pathway specific to cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hun Wi
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Heo
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeRan Gwak
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheulhee Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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14
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Pilipović I, Arsenović-Ranin N, Dimitrijević M, Leposavić G. Sex-specific remodeling of T-cell compartment with aging: Implications for rat susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmune diseases. Immunol Lett 2021; 239:42-59. [PMID: 34418487 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and susceptibility of animals to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used experimental model of MS, decrease with aging. Generally, autoimmune diseases develop as the ultimate outcome of an imbalance between damaging immune responses against self and regulatory immune responses (keeping the former under control). Thus, in this review the age-related changes possibly underlying this balance were discussed. Specifically, considering the central role of T cells in MS/EAE, the impact of aging on overall functional capacity (reflecting both overall count and individual functional cell properties) of self-reactive conventional T cells (Tcons) and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), as the most potent immunoregulatory/suppressive cells, was analyzed, as well. The analysis encompasses three distinct compartments: thymus (the primary lymphoid organ responsible for the elimination of self-reactive T cells - negative selection and the generation of Tregs, compensating for imperfections of the negative selection), peripheral blood/lymphoid tissues ("afferent" compartment), and brain/spinal cord tissues ("target" compartment). Given that the incidence of MS and susceptibility of animals to EAE are greater in women/females than in age-matched men/males, sex as independent variable was also considered. In conclusion, with aging, sex-specific alterations in the balance of self-reactive Tcons/Tregs are likely to occur not only in the thymus/"afferent" compartment, but also in the "target" compartment, reflecting multifaceted changes in both T-cell types. Their in depth understanding is important not only for envisaging effects of aging, but also for designing interventions to slow-down aging without any adverse effect on incidence of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Department of Immunology, University of Belgrade - Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
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15
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Urbančič I, Schiffelers L, Jenkins E, Gong W, Santos AM, Schneider F, O'Brien-Ball C, Vuong MT, Ashman N, Sezgin E, Eggeling C. Aggregation and mobility of membrane proteins interplay with local lipid order in the plasma membrane of T cells. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2127-2146. [PMID: 34160065 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To disentangle the elusive lipid-protein interactions in T-cell activation, we investigate how externally imposed variations in mobility of key membrane proteins (T-cell receptor [TCR], kinase Lck, and phosphatase CD45) affect the local lipid order and protein colocalisation. Using spectral imaging with polarity-sensitive membrane probes in model membranes and live Jurkat T cells, we find that partial immobilisation of proteins (including TCR) by aggregation or ligand binding changes their preference towards a more ordered lipid environment, which can recruit Lck. Our data suggest that the cellular membrane is poised to modulate the frequency of protein encounters upon alterations of their mobility, for example in ligand binding, which offers new mechanistic insight into the involvement of lipid-mediated interactions in membrane-hosted signalling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iztok Urbančič
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lisa Schiffelers
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Jenkins
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Weijian Gong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Falk Schneider
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mai Tuyet Vuong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Ashman
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany
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16
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Cholesterol-dependent plasma membrane order (L o) is critical for antigen-specific clonal expansion of CD4 + T cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13970. [PMID: 34234214 PMCID: PMC8263698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Early “T cell activation” events are initiated within the lipid microenvironment of the plasma membrane. Role of lipid membrane order (Lo) in spatiotemporal signaling through the antigen receptor in T cells is posited but remains unclear. We have examined the role of membrane order (Lo)/disorder (Ld) in antigen specific CD4+ T cell activation and clonal expansion by first creating membrane disorder, and then reconstituting membrane order by inserting cholesterol into the disordered plasma membrane. Significant revival of antigen specific CD4+ T cell proliferative response was observed after reconstituting the disrupted membrane order with cholesterol. These reconstitution experiments illustrate Koch’s postulate by demonstrating that cholesterol-dependent membrane order (Lo) is critical for responses generated by CD4+ T cells and point to the importance of membrane order and lipid microenvironment in signaling through T cell membrane antigen receptors.
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17
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Suhaj A, Gowland D, Bonini N, Owen DM, Lorenz CD. Laurdan and Di-4-ANEPPDHQ Influence the Properties of Lipid Membranes: A Classical Molecular Dynamics and Fluorescence Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11419-11430. [PMID: 33275430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally sensitive (ES) dyes have been used for many decades to study the lipid order of cell membranes, as different lipid phases play a crucial role in a wide variety of cell processes. Yet, the understanding of how ES dyes behave, interact, and affect membranes at the atomistic scale is lacking, partially due to the lack of molecular dynamics (MD) models of these dyes. Here, we present ground- and excited-state MD models of commonly used ES dyes, Laurdan and di-4-ANEPPDHQ, and use MD simulations to study the behavior of these dyes in a disordered and an ordered membrane. We also investigate the effect that these two dyes have on the hydration and lipid order of the membranes, where we see a significant effect on the hydration of lipids proximal to the dyes. These findings are combined with experimental fluorescence experiments of ordered and disordered vesicles and live HeLa cells stained by the aforementioned dyes, where the generalized polarization (GP) values were measured at different concentrations of the dyes. We observe a small but significant decrease of GP at higher Laurdan concentrations in vesicles, while the same effect is not observed in cell membranes. The opposite effect is observed with di-4-ANEPPDHQ where no significant change in GP is seen for vesicles but a very substantial and significant decrease is seen in cell membranes. Together, our results show the profound effect that ES dyes have on membranes, and the presented MD models will be important for further understanding of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Suhaj
- Biological Physics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Gowland
- Theory & Simulation of Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Bonini
- Theory & Simulation of Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Christian D Lorenz
- Biological Physics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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18
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Gómez-Henao W, Tenorio EP, Sanchez FRC, Mendoza MC, Ledezma RL, Zenteno E. Relevance of glycans in the interaction between T lymphocyte and the antigen presenting cell. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:274-288. [PMID: 33205679 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1845331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The immunological synapse promotes receptors and ligands interaction in the contact interface between the T lymphocyte and the antigen presenting cell; glycosylation of the proteins involved in this biological process favors regulation of molecular interactions and development of the T lymphocyte effector response. Glycans in the immunological synapse influence cellular and molecular processes such as folding, expression, and structural stability of proteins, they also mediate ligand-receptor interaction and propagation of the intracellular signaling or inhibition of uncontrolled cellular activation that could lead to the development of autoimmunity, among others. It has been suggested that altered glycosylation of proteins that participate in the immunological synapse affects the signaling processes and cell proliferation, as well as exacerbation of the effector mechanisms of T cells that trigger systemic damage and autoimmunity. Understanding the role of glycans in the immune response has allowed for advances in the development of immunotherapies in different fields through the controlled and specific activation of the immune response. This review describes the structural and biological aspects of glycans associated with some molecules present in the immunological synapse, providing information that allows understanding the function of glycosylation in the interaction between the T lymphocyte and the antigen-presenting cell, as well as its impact on signaling and development regulation of T lymphocytes effector response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilton Gómez-Henao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico.,Cell Growth, Tissue Repair and Regeneration (CRRET), CNRS ERL 9215, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Eda Patricia Tenorio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Cuéllar Mendoza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
| | - Ricardo Lascurain Ledezma
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
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19
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Chhuon C, Zhang SY, Jung V, Lewandowski D, Lipecka J, Pawlak A, Sahali D, Ollero M, Guerrera IC. A sensitive S-Trap-based approach to the analysis of T cell lipid raft proteome. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1512-1523. [PMID: 32769147 PMCID: PMC7604723 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d120000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of T cell lipid raft proteome is challenging due to the highly dynamic nature of rafts and the hydrophobic character of raft-resident proteins. We explored an innovative strategy for bottom-up lipid raftomics based on suspension-trapping (S-Trap) sample preparation. Mouse T cells were prepared from splenocytes by negative immunoselection, and rafts were isolated by a detergent-free method and OptiPrep gradient ultracentrifugation. Microdomains enriched in flotillin-1, LAT, and cholesterol were subjected to proteomic analysis through an optimized protocol based on S-Trap and high pH fractionation, followed by nano-LC-MS/MS. Using this method, we identified 2,680 proteins in the raft-rich fraction and established a database of 894 T cell raft proteins. We then performed a differential analysis on the raft-rich fraction from nonstimulated versus anti-CD3/CD28 T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated T cells. Our results revealed 42 proteins present in one condition and absent in the other. For the first time, we performed a proteomic analysis on rafts from ex vivo T cells obtained from individual mice, before and after TCR activation. This work demonstrates that the proposed method utilizing an S-Trap-based approach for sample preparation increases the specificity and sensitivity of lipid raftomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerina Chhuon
- Proteomic Platform Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, Paris, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
| | - Shao-Yu Zhang
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Jung
- Proteomic Platform Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- Proteomic Platform Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, Paris, France
| | - André Pawlak
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
| | - Dil Sahali
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomic Platform Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, Paris, France
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20
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Abstract
The maintenance of organismal homeostasis requires partitioning and transport of biochemical molecules between organ systems, their composite cells, and subcellular organelles. Although transcriptional programming undeniably defines the functional state of cells and tissues, underlying biochemical networks are intricately intertwined with transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation. Studies of the metabolic regulation of immunity have elegantly illustrated this phenomenon. The cells of the immune system interface with a diverse set of environmental conditions. Circulating immune cells perfuse peripheral organs in the blood and lymph, patrolling for pathogen invasion. Resident immune cells remain in tissues and play more newly appreciated roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. Each of these cell populations interacts with unique and dynamic tissue environments, which vary greatly in biochemical composition. Furthermore, the effector response of immune cells to a diverse set of activating cues requires unique cellular adaptations to supply the requisite biochemical landscape. In this review, we examine the role of spatial partitioning of metabolic processes in immune function. We focus on studies of lymphocyte metabolism, with reference to the greater immunometabolism literature when appropriate to illustrate this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Shyer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Will Bailis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Kara S, Amon L, Lühr JJ, Nimmerjahn F, Dudziak D, Lux A. Impact of Plasma Membrane Domains on IgG Fc Receptor Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1320. [PMID: 32714325 PMCID: PMC7344230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid cell membranes not only represent the physical boundaries of cells. They also actively participate in many cellular processes. This contribution is facilitated by highly complex mixtures of different lipids and incorporation of various membrane proteins. One group of membrane-associated receptors are Fc receptors (FcRs). These cell-surface receptors are crucial for the activity of most immune cells as they bind immunoglobulins such as immunoglobulin G (IgG). Based on distinct mechanisms of IgG binding, two classes of Fc receptors are now recognized: the canonical type I FcγRs and select C-type lectin receptors newly referred to as type II FcRs. Upon IgG immune complex induced cross-linking, these receptors are known to induce a multitude of cellular effector responses in a cell-type dependent manner, including internalization, antigen processing, and presentation as well as production of cytokines. The response is also determined by specific intracellular signaling domains, allowing FcRs to either positively or negatively modulate immune cell activity. Expression of cell-type specific combinations and numbers of receptors therefore ultimately sets a threshold for induction of effector responses. Mechanistically, receptor cross-linking and localization to lipid rafts, i.e., organized membrane microdomains enriched in intracellular signaling proteins, were proposed as major determinants of initial FcR activation. Given that immune cell membranes might also vary in their lipid compositions, it is reasonable to speculate, that the cell membrane and especially lipid rafts serve as an additional regulator of FcR activity. In this article, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the interplay of lipid rafts and IgG binding FcRs with a focus on the plasma membrane composition and receptor localization in immune cells, the proposed mechanisms underlying this localization and consequences for FcR function with respect to their immunoregulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Kara
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer J Lühr
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Nano-Optics, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Bhatta A, Chan MA, Benedict SH. Engagement of CD45 alters early signaling events in human T cells co-stimulated through TCR + CD28. Cell Immunol 2020; 353:104130. [PMID: 32446033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously our lab has shown that co-stimulation of human T cells through different co-stimulatory molecules tune differentiation to different phenotypes. An open question is where in the signaling pathways induced by the co-stimulation do differences occur that contribute to outcome of differentiation. In this project, we investigate the early signaling process by comparing events that follow engagement of CD45 alone or in association with a co-stimulatory molecule: CD28. CD45 plays a crucial role to initiate T cell signaling by dephosphorylating a negatively regulatory tyrosine residue in Src family kinases such as Lck. First, we observed that engagement of CD45 alone induced signaling in T cells. We observed that TCR/CD3 stimulation with CD45 promoted prolonged Lck association with TCR/CD3 complex and Lck remained associated during TCR/CD3 + CD28 + CD45 stimulation as well. We concluded that Lck association is dependent on TCR/CD3 and CD45 engagement. Hence, CD45 altered early signaling events in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Bhatta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| | - Marcia A Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Stephen H Benedict
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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23
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Yoshida T, Ichikawa J, Giuroiu I, Laino AS, Hao Y, Krogsgaard M, Vassallo M, Woods DM, Stephen Hodi F, Weber J. C reactive protein impairs adaptive immunity in immune cells of patients with melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000234. [PMID: 32303612 PMCID: PMC7204799 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High C reactive protein (CRP) levels have been reported to be associated with a poor clinical outcome in a number of malignancies and with programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced cancer. Little is known about the direct effects of CRP on adaptive immunity in cancer. Therefore, we investigated how CRP impacted the function of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with melanoma. METHODS The effects of CRP on proliferation, function, gene expression and phenotype of patient T cells and DCs, and expansion of MART-1 antigen-specific T cells were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry and RNA-seq. Additionally, serum CRP levels at baseline from patients with metastatic melanoma treated on the Checkmate-064 clinical trial were assessed by a Luminex assay. RESULTS In vitro, CRP inhibited proliferation, activation-associated phenotypes and the effector function of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with melanoma. CRP-treated T cells expressed high levels of interleukin-1β, which is known to enhance CRP production from the liver. CRP also suppressed formation of the immune synapse and inhibited early events in T-cell receptor engagement. In addition, CRP downregulated the expression of costimulatory molecules on mature DCs and suppressed expansion of MART-1-specific CD8+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner by impacting on both T cells and antigen-presenting cells. High-serum CRP levels at baseline were significantly associated with a shorter survival in both nivolumab-treated and ipilimumab-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high levels of CRP induce an immunosuppressive milieu in melanoma and support the blockade of CRP as a therapeutic strategy to enhance immune checkpoint therapies in cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01783938 and NCT02983006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yoshida
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junya Ichikawa
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iulia Giuroiu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andressa S Laino
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuhan Hao
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Vassallo
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Woods
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Weber
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Glik A, Douvdevani A. T Lymphocytes: The “Cellular” Arm of Acquired Immunity in the Peritoneum. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important part of the acquired immune response and target specific antigen with their T cell receptor. The peritoneum is a special milieu within which T cells react. We describe briefly the anatomy important for T cell function. T cell biology including antigen presentation, T cell activation, and the different T cell subpopulations are reviewed. We also define innate and acquired immunity and describe the role of polymorphonuclear cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells in the regulation of leukocyte population recruitment during peritonitis. We focus particularly on peritoneal lymphocytes and compare them to the regular lymphocyte populations in the circulation. We illustrate the role of PMCs in antigen presentation and discuss the changes of CD4+ helper T cell subtypes (Th1 and Th2) during peritoneal dialysis. The role of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their possible destructive role for the peritoneal membrane modified by advanced glycation end products are discussed. Polymorphonuclear cells play an important role in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. We describe their possible role in supporting T cells and particularly for generating memory CD8+ T cells by secretion of interleukin-15, a potent T cell growth factor. Light is shed on γδ T cells, a special T cell population that is able to recognize antigens without the restriction of antigen presentation. We end our review with a description of regulatory T cells. This cell population is extremely important in preventing autoimmunity and in the regulation of acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Glik
- Department of Nephrology, Soroka Medical Center, and
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University
of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Douvdevani
- Department of Nephrology, Soroka Medical Center, and
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University
of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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25
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Zahid D, Zhang N, Fang H, Gu J, Li M, Li W. Loss of core fucosylation suppressed the humoral immune response in Salmonella typhimurium infected mice. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:606-615. [PMID: 32146162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The humoral immune response is pivotal to protect the host from Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection. Previously, we found that core fucosylation catalyzed by core fucosyltransferase (Fut8) could regulate the immune responses. However, the role of core fucosylation during S. typhimurium infection remains unclear. METHODS To demonstrate the role of Fut8 in S. typhimurium infection, we infected Fut8+/+ and Fut8-/- mice using S. typhimurium. The production of antiserum against the S. typhimurium was detected. The expression of T and B cell activation-related genes during S. typhimurium infection was analyzed. The role of core fucosylation on CD4+ T-B cell interaction and B cell generation was investigated during S. typhimurium infection. The production of sIgA was compared between Fut8+/+ and Fut8-/- mice. RESULTS Compared to Fut8+/+ mice, the number of S. typhimurium colonized in the cecum was markedly increased in Fut8-/- mice. The production of the IgG and sIgA specific for S. typhimurium was significantly decreased in Fut8-/- mice. Moreover, loss of Fut8 decreased the induction of Th2-type cytokines from splenic cells of Fut8-/- mice during S. typhimurium infection. In addition, we found that the core fucosylation regulated the interaction between B and T cells in the lipid raft formation. CONCLUSION Core fucosylation plays important roles in host defence against S. typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Zahid
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Nianzhu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Hui Fang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.
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26
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Gilson RC, Gunasinghe SD, Johannes L, Gaus K. Galectin-3 modulation of T-cell activation: mechanisms of membrane remodelling. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:101010. [PMID: 31682868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a multifaceted protein which belongs to a family of lectins and binds β-galactosides. Gal3 expression is altered in many types of cancer, with increased expression generally associated with poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms remain unknown, Gal3 has been implicated in several biological processes involved in cancer progression, including suppression of T cell-mediated immune responses. Extracellular Gal3 binding to the plasma membrane of T cells alters membrane organization and the formation of an immunological synapse. Its multivalent capacity allows Gal3 to interact specifically with different membrane proteins and lipids, influencing endocytosis, trafficking and T cell receptor signalling. The ability of Gal3 to inhibit T cell responses may provide a mechanism by which Gal3 aids in cancer progression. In this review, we seek to give an overview of the mechanisms by which Gal3 alters the spatial organization of cell membranes and how these processes impact on T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Gilson
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, UMR3666, CNRS, U1143, INSERM, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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27
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Zheng C, Terreni M, Sollogoub M, Zhang Y. Ganglioside GM3 and Its Role in Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2933-2947. [PMID: 29376491 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180129100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside GM3 is strongly related with human tumors, such as lung, brain cancers and melanomas, and more and more evidences have revealed that GM3 possesses powerful effects on cancer development and progression. GM3 is over expressed on several types of cancers, and can be as a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, used for immunotherapy of cancers. GM3 can also inhibit tumor cells growth by anti-angiogenesis or motility and so on. Especially, GM3 has effects on the EGFR tyrosine kinase signaling, uPAR-related signaling and glycolipid-enriched microdomains, which are essential for cancer signaling conduction. It is obvious that GM3 will be a promising target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Zheng
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, 430056 Wuhan, China
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28
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Wan R, Wu J, Ouyang M, Lei L, Wei J, Peng Q, Harrison R, Wu Y, Cheng B, Li K, Zhu C, Tang L, Wang Y, Lu S. Biophysical basis underlying dynamic Lck activation visualized by ZapLck FRET biosensor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau2001. [PMID: 31223643 PMCID: PMC6584686 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lck plays crucial roles in TCR signaling. We developed a new and sensitive FRET biosensor (ZapLck) to visualize Lck kinase activity with high spatiotemporal resolutions in live cells. ZapLck revealed that 62% of Lck signal was preactivated in T-cells. In Lck-deficient JCam T-cells, Lck preactivation was abolished, which can be restored to 51% by reconstitution with wild-type Lck (LckWT) but not a putatively inactive mutant LckY394F. LckWT also showed a stronger basal Lck-Lck interaction and a slower diffusion rate than LckY394F. Interestingly, aggregation of TCR receptors by antibodies in JCam cells led to a strong activation of reconstituted LckY394F similar to LckWT. Both activated LckY394F and LckWT diffused more slowly and displayed increased Lck-Lck interaction at a similar level. Therefore, these results suggest that a phosphorylatable Y394 is necessary for the basal-level interaction and preactivation of LckWT, while antibody-induced TCR aggregation can trigger the full activation of LckY394F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxue Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jenny Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jiaming Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Reed Harrison
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yiqian Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kaitao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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29
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Signal Transduction Via Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Receptors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:85-133. [PMID: 31758532 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated antigen-specific stimulation is essential for initiating T-cell activation. However, signaling through the TCR alone is not sufficient for inducing an effective response. In addition to TCR-mediated signaling, signaling through antigen-independent co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory receptors is critically important not only for the full activation and functional differentiation of T cells but also for the termination and suppression of T-cell responses. Many studies have investigated the signaling pathways underlying the function of each molecular component. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors have no kinase activity, but their cytoplasmic region contains unique functional motifs and potential phosphorylation sites. Engagement of co-stimulatory receptors leads to recruitment of specific binding partners, such as adaptor molecules, kinases, and phosphatases, via recognition of a specific motif. Consequently, each co-stimulatory receptor transduces a unique pattern of signaling pathways. This review focuses on our current understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways provided by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, including B7:CD28 family members, immunoglobulin, and members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.
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30
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Kavazović I, Polić B, Wensveen FM. Cheating the Hunger Games; Mechanisms Controlling Clonal Diversity of CD8 Effector and Memory Populations. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2831. [PMID: 30555492 PMCID: PMC6281969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector and memory CD8 T cells have an intrinsic difference in the way they must approach antigen; effector cells need to address the pathogen at hand and therefore favor outgrowth of only high-affinity clones. In contrast, the memory pool benefits from greater clonal diversity to recognize and eliminate pathogens with mutations in their immunogenic epitopes. Effector and memory fates are ultimately the result of the same three signals that control T cell activation; T cell receptor (TCR) engagement together with co-stimulation and cytokines. Great progress has been made in our understanding of the transcriptional programs that drive effector or memory differentiation. However, how these two different programs result from the same initial cues is still a matter of debate. An emerging image is that not only the classical three signals determine T cell differentiation, but also the ability of cells to access these signals relative to that of other activated clones. Inter-clonal competition is therefore not only a selective force, but also a mediator of CD8 T cell fate. How this is regulated on a transcriptional level, especially in the context of a selective “hunger game” based on antigen-affinity in which only cells of high-affinity are supposed to survive, is still poorly defined. In this review, we discuss recent literature that illustrates how antigen-affinity dependent inter-clonal competition shapes effector and memory populations in an environment of antigen affinity-driven selection. We argue that fine-tuning of TCR signal intensity presents an attractive target for regulating the scope of CD8 T cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Kavazović
- Department of Histology & Embryology University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology & Embryology University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology & Embryology University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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CEACAM1 promotes CD8 + T cell responses and improves control of a chronic viral infection. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2561. [PMID: 29967450 PMCID: PMC6028648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of CD8+ T cells can lead to the development of chronic viral infection. Identifying mechanisms responsible for such T cell dysfunction is therefore of great importance to understand how to prevent persistent viral infection. Here we show using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection that carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is fundamental for recruiting lymphocyte-specific protein kinase (Lck) into the T cell receptor complex to form an efficient immunological synapse. CEACAM1 is essential for activation of CD8+ T cells, and the absence of CEACAM1 on virus-specific CD8+ T cells limits the antiviral CD8+ T cell response. Treatment with anti-CEACAM1 antibody stabilizes Lck in the immunological synapse, prevents CD8+ T cell exhaustion, and improves control of virus infection in vivo. Treatment of human virus-specific CD8+ T cells with anti-CEACAM1 antibody similarly enhances their proliferation. We conclude that CEACAM1 is an important regulator of virus-specific CD8+ T cell functions in mice and humans and represents a promising therapeutic target for modulating CD8+ T cells. Chronic viral infections are frequently associated with the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells which includes loss of function and results in CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Here the authors show a role of CEACAM1 in promoting responsive CD8+ T cells in the context of a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection model.
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32
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Abstract
This review provides an overview on components of the sphingolipid superfamily, on their localization and metabolism. Information about the sphingolipid biological activity in cell physiopathology is given. Recent studies highlight the role of sphingolipids in inflammatory process. We summarize the emerging data that support the different roles of the sphingolipid members in specific phases of inflammation: (1) migration of immune cells, (2) recognition of exogenous agents, and (3) activation/differentiation of immune cells.
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33
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Le Page A, Dupuis G, Larbi A, Witkowski JM, Fülöp T. Signal transduction changes in CD4 + and CD8 + T cell subpopulations with aging. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:128-139. [PMID: 29307735 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The innate and adaptive branches of the immune system display changes with aging, a fact referred to as immunosenescence. Furthermore, it has been established that adaptive immunity is more susceptible to age-related changes than innate immunity. The most prominent phenotypic changes that reflect the specific differentiation and role of each T cell subpopulation are two-fold. They are a decreased number of naïve T cells that parallels an increase in memory T cells, mainly in the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell population, which can be subdivided into naïve, central, effector memory and TEMRA cells. The two main T cell properties that are the most affected with aging are the altered clonal expansion and decreased cytokine production, especially IL-2. These T cell functions have been shown to be affected in the early events of signaling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of age on TCR- and CD28-dependent activation of the downstream signaling effectors Lck, SHP-1, Akt, PI3K p85α and mTOR in differentiated subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Results showed that lymphocytes of elderly subjects were already in an activated state that could not be upregulated by external stimulation. Results also showed that the age-related signal transduction changes were more important than phenotype in the CD4+ and CD8+ T subpopulations. These observations suggested that age-related molecular and biochemical changes have a more significant influence on T cell functions than T cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Le Page
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Graduate Programme in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Programme in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Immunos Building at Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Graduate Programme in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Suhaj A, Le Marois A, Williamson DJ, Suhling K, Lorenz CD, Owen DM. PRODAN differentially influences its local environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16060-16066. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00543e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PRODAN influences its local environment at the nanoscale differently between ordered and disordered phases as shown by MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Suhaj
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics
- King's College London
- London
- UK
| | | | - David J. Williamson
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics
- King's College London
- London
- UK
| | | | | | - Dylan M. Owen
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics
- King's College London
- London
- UK
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35
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Hypercholesterolemia Enhances T Cell Receptor Signaling and Increases the Regulatory T Cell Population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15655. [PMID: 29142309 PMCID: PMC5688061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia promotes the inflammation against lipoproteins in atherosclerosis. Development of atherosclerosis is affected by the balance between pro-inflammatory effector T cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, phenotype and function of T cell subpopulations in hypercholesterolemia remain to be investigated. Here, we found that cholesterol-containing diet increased the expression of the Treg cell lineage-defining transcription factor FoxP3 among thymocytes and splenocytes. Hypercholesterolemia elevated the FoxP3 expression level and population size of peripheral Treg cells, but did not prevent enhanced proliferation of stimulated T cells. Moreover, cholesterol supplementation in diet as well as in cell culture medium promoted T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling in CD4+ T cells. Our results demonstrate that hypercholesterolemia enhances TCR stimulation, Treg cell development as well as T cell proliferation. Thus, our findings may help to understand why hypercholesterolemia correlates with altered CD4+ T cell responses.
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36
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Zumerle S, Molon B, Viola A. Membrane Rafts in T Cell Activation: A Spotlight on CD28 Costimulation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1467. [PMID: 29163534 PMCID: PMC5675840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal compartmentalization of signaling pathways and second messengers is pivotal for cell biology and membrane rafts are, therefore, required for several lymphocyte functions. On the other hand, T cells have the specific necessity of tuning signaling amplification depending on the context in which the antigen is presented. In this review, we discuss of membrane rafts in the context of T cell signaling, focusing on CD28-mediated costimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zumerle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Molon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Pediatric Research Institute "Citta della Speranza", Padova, Italy
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37
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Plewes MR, Burns PD, Hyslop RM, George Barisas B. Influence of omega-3 fatty acids on bovine luteal cell plasma membrane dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2413-2419. [PMID: 28912100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids which disrupt lipid microdomain structure and affect mobility of the prostaglandin F2α (FP) receptor in bovine luteal cells. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of individual omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on 1) membrane fatty acid composition, 2) lipid microdomain structure, and 3) lateral mobility of the FP receptor in bovine luteal cells. Ovaries were collected from a local abattoir (n=5/experiment). The corpus luteum was resected and enzymatically digested using collagenase to generate a mixed luteal cell population. In all experiments, luteal cells were treated with 0, 1, 10 or 100μM EPA or DHA for 72h to allow incorporation of fatty acids into membrane lipids. Results from experiment 1 show that culturing luteal cells in the presence of EPA or DHA increased these luteal fatty acids. In experiment 2, both EPA and DHA increased spatial distribution of lipid microdomains in a dose-dependent manner. Single particle tracking results from experiment 3 show that increasing both EPA and DHA concentrations increased micro- and macro-diffusion coefficients, increased domain size, and decreased residence time of FP receptors. Collectively, results from this study demonstrate similar effects of EPA and DHA on lipid microdomain structure and lateral mobility of FP receptors in cultured bovine luteal cells. Moreover, only 10μM of either fatty acid was needed to mimic the effects of fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Plewes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, United States
| | - Patrick D Burns
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, United States.
| | - Richard M Hyslop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, United States
| | - B George Barisas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
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Mechanosensing in the immune response. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:137-145. [PMID: 28830744 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cells have a remarkable ability to sense and respond to the mechanical properties of their environment. Mechanosensing is essential for many phenomena, ranging from cell movements and tissue rearrangements to cell differentiation and the immune response. Cells of the immune system get activated when membrane receptors bind to cognate antigen on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Both T and B lymphocyte signaling has been shown to be responsive to physical forces and mechanical cues. Cytoskeletal forces exerted by cells likely mediate this mechanical modulation. Here, we discuss recent advances in the field of immune cell mechanobiology at the molecular and cellular scale.
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Chen BM, Al-Aghbar MA, Lee CH, Chang TC, Su YC, Li YC, Chang SE, Chen CC, Chung TH, Liao YC, Lee CH, Roffler SR. The Affinity of Elongated Membrane-Tethered Ligands Determines Potency of T Cell Receptor Triggering. Front Immunol 2017; 8:793. [PMID: 28740495 PMCID: PMC5502409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes are important mediators of adoptive immunity but the mechanism of T cell receptor (TCR) triggering remains uncertain. The interspatial distance between engaged T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is believed to be important for topological rearrangement of membrane tyrosine phosphatases and initiation of TCR signaling. We investigated the relationship between ligand topology and affinity by generating a series of artificial APCs that express membrane-tethered anti-CD3 scFv with different affinities (OKT3, BC3, and 2C11) in addition to recombinant class I and II pMHC molecules. The dimensions of membrane-tethered anti-CD3 and pMHC molecules were progressively increased by insertion of different extracellular domains. In agreement with previous studies, elongation of pMHC molecules or low-affinity anti-CD3 scFv caused progressive loss of T cell activation. However, elongation of high-affinity ligands (BC3 and OKT3 scFv) did not abolish TCR phosphorylation and T cell activation. Mutation of key amino acids in OKT3 to reduce binding affinity to CD3 resulted in restoration of topological dependence on T cell activation. Our results show that high-affinity TCR ligands can effectively induce TCR triggering even at large interspatial distances between T cells and APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Mae Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Ameen Al-Aghbar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hua Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chun Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Hwang Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Maru S, Jin G, Schell TD, Lukacher AE. TCR stimulation strength is inversely associated with establishment of functional brain-resident memory CD8 T cells during persistent viral infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006318. [PMID: 28410427 PMCID: PMC5406018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing functional tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells at sites of infection is a newfound objective of T cell vaccine design. To directly assess the impact of antigen stimulation strength on memory CD8 T cell formation and function during a persistent viral infection, we created a library of mouse polyomavirus (MuPyV) variants with substitutions in a subdominant CD8 T cell epitope that exhibit a broad range of efficiency in stimulating TCR transgenic CD8 T cells. By altering a subdominant epitope in a nonstructural viral protein and monitoring memory differentiation of donor monoclonal CD8 T cells in immunocompetent mice, we circumvented potentially confounding changes in viral infection levels, virus-associated inflammation, size of the immunodominant virus-specific CD8 T cell response, and shifts in TCR affinity that may accompany temporal recruitment of endogenous polyclonal cells. Using this strategy, we found that antigen stimulation strength was inversely associated with the function of memory CD8 T cells during a persistent viral infection. We further show that CD8 TRM cells recruited to the brain following systemic infection with viruses expressing epitopes with suboptimal stimulation strength respond more efficiently to challenge CNS infection with virus expressing cognate antigen. These data demonstrate that the strength of antigenic stimulation during recruitment of CD8 T cells influences the functional integrity of TRM cells in a persistent viral infection. Tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells are a subset of memory T cells that primarily reside in non-lymphoid tissues and serve as sentinels and effectors against secondary infections. TRM cells have been extensively characterized in mucosal barriers, but much less is known about this population in non-barrier sites such as the brain. In this study, we designed a novel strategy to evaluate the impact of T cell stimulation strength on the generation and functionality of memory CD8 T cells in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Using a mouse polyomavirus (MuPyV) library expressing variants of a subdominant epitope recognized by TCR transgenic CD8 T cells, we found that systemic infection producing weaker responses during T cell priming was sufficient for recruitment of effector cells to the brain. Furthermore, lower stimulation conferred greater functionality to memory T cells in the spleen and to brain TRM cells. Our findings demonstrate that the strength of antigenic stimulation experienced by a naïve T cell early in infection is a determinant of memory functional integrity during viral persistence in a non-barrier organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Maru
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Todd D. Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aron E. Lukacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Mauro C, Smith J, Cucchi D, Coe D, Fu H, Bonacina F, Baragetti A, Cermenati G, Caruso D, Mitro N, Catapano AL, Ammirati E, Longhi MP, Okkenhaug K, Norata GD, Marelli-Berg FM. Obesity-Induced Metabolic Stress Leads to Biased Effector Memory CD4 + T Cell Differentiation via PI3K p110δ-Akt-Mediated Signals. Cell Metab 2017; 25:593-609. [PMID: 28190771 PMCID: PMC5355363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade systemic inflammation associated to obesity leads to cardiovascular complications, caused partly by infiltration of adipose and vascular tissue by effector T cells. The signals leading to T cell differentiation and tissue infiltration during obesity are poorly understood. We tested whether saturated fatty acid-induced metabolic stress affects differentiation and trafficking patterns of CD4+ T cells. Memory CD4+ T cells primed in high-fat diet-fed donors preferentially migrated to non-lymphoid, inflammatory sites, independent of the metabolic status of the hosts. This was due to biased CD4+ T cell differentiation into CD44hi-CCR7lo-CD62Llo-CXCR3+-LFA1+ effector memory-like T cells upon priming in high-fat diet-fed animals. Similar phenotype was observed in obese subjects in a cohort of free-living people. This developmental bias was independent of any crosstalk between CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells and was mediated via direct exposure of CD4+ T cells to palmitate, leading to increased activation of a PI3K p110δ-Akt-dependent pathway upon priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Mauro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Joanne Smith
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Danilo Cucchi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK; Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - David Coe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hongmei Fu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Gaia Cermenati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milan 2-242091, Italy
| | - Enrico Ammirati
- De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan 3-20162, Italy
| | - Maria P Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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42
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Tanaskovic S, Price P, French MA, Fernandez S. Impaired Upregulation of the Costimulatory Molecules, CD27 and CD28, on CD4 + T Cells from HIV Patients Receiving ART Is Associated with Poor Proliferative Responses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:101-109. [PMID: 27701900 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART) with advanced immunodeficiency often retain low CD4+ T cell counts despite virological control. We examined proliferative responses and upregulation of costimulatory molecules, following anti-CD3 stimulation, in HIV patients with persistent CD4+ T cell deficiency on ART. Aviremic HIV patients with nadir CD4+ T cell counts <100 cells/μL and who had received ART for a median time of 7 (range 1-11) years were categorized into those achieving low (<350 cells/μL; n = 13) or normal (>500 cells/μL; n = 20) CD4+ T cell counts. Ten healthy controls were also recruited. CD4+ T cell proliferation (Ki67) and upregulation of costimulatory molecules (CD27 and CD28) after anti-CD3 stimulation were assessed by flow cytometry. Results were related to proportions of CD4+ T cells expressing markers of T cell senescence (CD57), activation (HLA-DR), and apoptotic potential (Fas). Expression of CD27 and/or CD28 on uncultured CD4+ T cells was similar in patients with normal CD4+ T cell counts and healthy controls, but lower in patients with low CD4+ T cell counts. Proportions of CD4+ T cells expressing CD27 and/or CD28 correlated inversely with CD4+ T cell expression of CD57, HLA-DR, and Fas. After anti-CD3 stimulation, induction of CD27hiCD28hi expression was independent of CD4+ T cell counts, but lower in HIV patients than in healthy controls. Induction of CD27hiCD28hi expression correlated with induction of Ki67 expression in total, naïve, and CD31+ naïve CD4+ T cells from patients. In HIV patients responding to ART, impaired induction of CD27 and CD28 on CD4+ T cells after stimulation with anti-CD3 is associated with poor proliferative responses as well as greater CD4+ T cell activation and immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tanaskovic
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
| | - Martyn A. French
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital and PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Australia
| | - Sonia Fernandez
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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44
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RSK-mediated nuclear accumulation of the cold-shock Y-box protein-1 controls proliferation of T cells and T-ALL blasts. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:371-383. [PMID: 28009354 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated proliferation is key to tumor progression. Although unrestricted proliferation of solid tumor cells correlates with the cold-shock protein Y-box (YB)-binding protein-1 accumulation in the nuclei, little is known about its expression and function in hematopoietic malignancies, such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Here we show that YB-1 protein is highly enriched in the nuclei of activated T cells and malignant human T-ALL cell lines but not in resting T cells. YB-1 S102 mutations that either mimic (S102D) or prevent phosphorylation (S102N) led to accumulation of YB-1 in the nucleus of T cells or strictly excluded it, respectively. Inactivation of ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) was sufficient to abrogate T-cell and T-ALL cell proliferation, suggesting that RSK mediates cell-cycle progression, possibly dependent on YB-1-phosphorylation. Indeed, phosphomimetic YB-1S102D enhanced proliferation implying that S102 phosphorylation is a prerequisite for malignant T-cell proliferation. At initial diagnosis of T-ALL, YB-1 localization was significantly altered in the nuclei of tumor blasts derived from bone marrow or peripheral blood. Our data show deregulated YB-1 in the nucleus as a yet unreported characteristic of T-ALL blasts and may refine strategies to restrict progression of hematopoietic tumors.
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45
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46
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Superantigens hyperinduce inflammatory cytokines by enhancing the B7-2/CD28 costimulatory receptor interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6437-E6446. [PMID: 27708164 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603321113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Full T-cell activation requires interaction between the costimulatory receptors B7-2 and CD28. By binding CD28, bacterial superantigens elicit harmful inflammatory cytokine overexpression through an unknown mechanism. We show that, by engaging not only CD28 but also its coligand B7-2 directly, superantigens potently enhance the avidity between B7-2 and CD28, inducing thereby T-cell hyperactivation. Using the same 12-aa β-strand-hinge-α-helix domain, superantigens engage both B7-2 and CD28 at their homodimer interfaces, areas remote from where these coreceptors interact, implying that inflammatory signaling can be controlled through the receptor homodimer interfaces. Short B7-2 dimer interface mimetic peptides bind diverse superantigens, prevent superantigen binding to cell-surface B7-2 or CD28, attenuate inflammatory cytokine overexpression, and protect mice from lethal superantigen challenge. Thus, superantigens induce a cytokine storm not only by mediating the interaction between MHC-II molecule and T-cell receptor but also, critically, by promoting B7-2/CD28 coreceptor engagement, forcing the principal costimulatory axis to signal excessively. Our results reveal a role for B7-2 as obligatory receptor for superantigens. B7-2 homodimer interface mimotopes prevent superantigen lethality by blocking the superantigen-host costimulatory receptor interaction.
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47
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Reis AH, Moreno MM, Maia LA, Oliveira FP, Santos AS, Abreu JG. Cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains modulate Wnt/β-catenin morphogen gradient during Xenopus development. Mech Dev 2016; 142:30-39. [PMID: 27687541 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin has been described as crucial for dorsal-ventral and antero-posterior patterning, playing multiple roles at different stages of development. Cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains (CRMMs), cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains of the plasma membrane, are known as platforms for signaling pathways. Although we have demonstrated the importance of the CRMMs for head development, how they participate in prechordal plate formation and embryo axis patterning remains an open question. Moreover, the participation of the CRMMs in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity in vivo is unclear, particularly during embryonic development. In this study, we demonstrated that CRMMs disruption by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) potentiates the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo during embryonic development, causing head defects by expanding the Wnt expression domain. Furthermore, we also found that the action of CRMMs depends on the microenvironmental context because it also works in conjunction with dkk1, when dkk1 is overexpressed. Thus, we propose CRMMs as a further mechanism of prechordal plate protection against the Wnt signals secreted by posterolateral cells, complementing the action of secreted antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Moreno
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lorena A Maia
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andressa S Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - José Garcia Abreu
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
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48
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Lee JH, Hsieh CF, Liu HW, Chen CY, Wu SC, Chen TW, Hsu CS, Liao YH, Yang CY, Shyu JF, Fischer WB, Lin CH. Lipid raft-associated stomatin enhances cell fusion. FASEB J 2016; 31:47-59. [PMID: 27663861 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600643r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusions that occur during vesicle transport, virus infection, and tissue development, involve receptors that mediate membrane contact and initiate fusion and effectors that execute membrane reorganization and fusion pore formation. Some of these fusogenic receptors/effectors are preferentially recruited to lipid raft membrane microdomains. Therefore, major constituents of lipid rafts, such as stomatin, may be involved in the regulation of cell-cell fusion. Stomatin produced in cells can be released to the extracellular environment, either through protein refolding to pass across lipid bilayer or through exosome trafficking. We report that cells expressing more stomatin or exposed to exogenous stomatin are more prone to undergoing cell fusion. During osteoclastogenesis, depletion of stomatin inhibited cell fusion but had little effect on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase production. Moreover, in stomatin transgenic mice, increased cell fusion leading to enhanced bone resorption and subsequent osteoporosis were observed. With its unique molecular topology, stomatin forms molecular assembly within lipid rafts or on the appositional plasma membranes, and promotes membrane fusion by modulating fusogenic protein engagement.-Lee, J.-H., Hsieh, C.-F., Liu, H.-W., Chen, C.-Y., Wu, S.-C., Chen, T.-W., Hsu, C.-S., Liao, Y.-H., Yang, C.-Y., Shyu, J.-F., Fischer, W. B., Lin, C.-H. Lipid raft-associated stomatin enhances cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hao Lee
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology.,Chong Hin Loon Memorial Cancer and Biotherapy Research Center, and
| | - Chin-Yau Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology.,Department of Surgery, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Hsiu Liao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Yang
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Jia-Fwu Shyu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang B Fischer
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; .,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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49
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Sandor R, Der C, Grosjean K, Anca I, Noirot E, Leborgne-Castel N, Lochman J, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Plasma membrane order and fluidity are diversely triggered by elicitors of plant defence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5173-85. [PMID: 27604805 PMCID: PMC5014163 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although plants are exposed to a great number of pathogens, they usually defend themselves by triggering mechanisms able to limit disease development. Alongside signalling events common to most such incompatible interactions, modifications of plasma membrane (PM) physical properties could be new players in the cell transduction cascade. Different pairs of elicitors (cryptogein, oligogalacturonides, and flagellin) and plant cells (tobacco and Arabidopsis) were used to address the issue of possible modifications of plant PM biophysical properties induced by elicitors and their links to other events of the defence signalling cascade. We observed an increase of PM order whatever the elicitor/plant cell pair used, provided that a signalling cascade was induced. Such membrane modification is dependent on the NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, cryptogein, which is the sole elicitor able to trap sterols, is also the only one able to trigger an increase in PM fluidity. The use of cryptogein variants with altered sterol-binding properties confirms the strong correlation between sterol removal from the PM and PM fluidity enhancement. These results propose PM dynamics as a player in early signalling processes triggered by elicitors of plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sandor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Kevin Grosjean
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Iulia Anca
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Elodie Noirot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Leborgne-Castel
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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50
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Trotter J, Klein C, Krämer EM. GPI-Anchored Proteins and Glycosphingolipid-Rich Rafts: Platforms for Adhesion and Signaling. Neuroscientist 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107385840000600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins in mammalian cells play a role in adhesion and signaling. They are sorted in the trans-Golgi network into glycosphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich microdomains termed rafts. Such rafts can be isolated from many cell types including epithelial cells, neural cells, and lymphocytes. In polarized cells, the rafts segregate in distinct regions of the cell. The rafts constitute platforms for signal transduction via raft-associated srcfamily tyrosine kinases. This review compares the sorting, distribution, and signaling of GPI-anchored proteins and rafts in epithelial cells, lymphocytes, and neural cells. A possible involvement of rafts in distinct diseases is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Trotter
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,
| | - Corinna Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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