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Saqira S, Chariton A, Hose GC. Multiple stressors unpredictably affect primary producers and decomposition in a model freshwater ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123680. [PMID: 38467363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are affected by various stressors, such as contamination and exotic species, making them amongst the most imperilled biological systems on the planet. In Australia and elsewhere, copper is one of the most common metal contaminants in freshwater systems and the European carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the most pervasive and widespread invasive fish species. Copper (Cu) and carp can both directly affect primary production and decomposition, which are critical and interrelated nutrient cycling processes and ecosystem services. The aim of this study was to explore the direct and indirect effects of Cu and carp individually, and together on periphyton cover, chlorophyll a concentration, growth of the macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis L., and the decomposition of leaf litter and cotton strips in a controlled, factorial experiment in outdoor experimental ponds. In isolation, Cu reduced macrophyte growth and organic matter decomposition, while chlorophyll a concentrations and periphyton cover remained unchanged, possibly due to the Low-Cu concentrations in the overlying water. Carp addition alone had a direct negative effect on the biomass of aquatic plants outside protective cages, but also increased plant biomass inside the cages, periphyton cover and chlorophyll a concentrations. Leaf litter was more decomposed in the carp only ponds compared to controls, while there was no significant effect on cotton strip decomposition. Aquatic plants were absent in the Cu + carp ponds caused by the combined effects of Cu toxicity, carp disturbance and the increase in turbidity due to carp bioturbation. Increases in periphyton cover in Low-Cu + carp, while absence in the High-Cu + carp ponds, and differences in the decomposition of surface and buried cotton strips were not as predicted, which highlights the need for such studies to understand the complex interactions among stressors for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Saqira
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Anthony Chariton
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Grant C Hose
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Sawada K, Kadowaki S. Change in the Guild Structure of a Snake Community in Japan over 30 Years. CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.42.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoto Sawada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ten-nodai 1–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8572, JAPAN
| | - Seishi Kadowaki
- Tsukuba Experimental Forest, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, Ten-nodai 1–1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305–8572, JAPAN
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Graham K, Gilligan D, Brown P, van Klinken RD, McColl KA, Durr PA. Use of spatio-temporal habitat suitability modelling to prioritise areas for common carp biocontrol in Australia using the virus CyHV-3. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113061. [PMID: 34348430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are an invasive species of the rivers and waterways of south-eastern Australia, implicated in the serious decline of many native fish species. Over the past 50 years a variety of control options have been explored, all of which to date have proved either ineffective or cost prohibitive. Most recently the use of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) has been proposed as a biocontrol agent, but to assess the risks and benefits of this, as well as to develop a strategy for the release of the virus, a knowledge of the fundamental processes driving carp distribution and abundance is required. To this end, we developed a novel process-based modelling framework that integrates expert opinion with spatio-temporal datasets via the construction of a Bayesian Network. The resulting weekly networks thus enabled an estimate of the habitat suitability for carp across a range of hydrological habitats in south-eastern Australia, covering five diverse catchment areas encompassing in total a drainage area of 132,129 km2 over a period of 17-27 years. This showed that while suitability for adult and subadult carp was medium-high across most habitats throughout the period, nevertheless the majority of habitats were poorly suited for the recruitment of larvae and young-of-year (YOY). Instead, high population abundance was confirmed to depend on a small number of recruitment hotspots which occur in years of favourable inundation. Quantification of the underlying ecological drivers of carp abundance thus makes possible detailed planning by focusing on critical weaknesses in the population biology of carp. More specifically, it permits the rational planning for population reduction using the biocontrol agent, CyHV-3, targeting areas where the total population density is above a "damage threshold" of approximately 100 kg/ha.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Graham
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - D Gilligan
- NSW Department of Primary Industries - Fisheries NSW, NSW, Australia
| | - P Brown
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Mildura, VIC, Australia; Fisheries and Wetlands Consulting, Portarlington, VIC, Australia
| | | | - K A McColl
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - P A Durr
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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Donohoe O, Zhang H, Delrez N, Gao Y, Suárez NM, Davison AJ, Vanderplasschen A. Genomes of Anguillid Herpesvirus 1 Strains Reveal Evolutionary Disparities and Low Genetic Diversity in the Genus Cyprinivirus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050998. [PMID: 34063135 PMCID: PMC8148134 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1) is a pathogen of eels and a member of the genus Cyprinivirus in the family Alloherpesviridae. We have compared the biological and genomic features of different AngHV-1 strains, focusing on their growth kinetics in vitro and genetic content, diversity, and recombination. Comparisons based on three core genes conserved among alloherpesviruses revealed that AngHV-1 exhibits a slower rate of change and less positive selection than other cypriniviruses. We propose that this may be linked to major differences in host species and corresponding epidemiological circumstances. Efforts to derive evolutionary rate estimates for cypriniviruses under various theoretical models were ultimately unrewarding. We highlight the potential value of future collaborative efforts towards generating short-term evolutionary rate estimates based on known sequence sampling dates. Finally, we revealed that there is significantly less genetic diversity in core gene sequences within cyprinivirus species clades compared to species in the family Herpesviridae. This suggests that cyprinivirus species may have undergone much more vigorous purifying selection post species clade divergence. We discuss whether this may be linked to biological and anthropogenic factors or to sampling bias, and we propose that the comparison of short-term evolutionary rates between species may provide further insights into these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Donohoe
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (O.D.); (H.Z.); (N.D.); (Y.G.)
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Co. N37 HD68 Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (O.D.); (H.Z.); (N.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natacha Delrez
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (O.D.); (H.Z.); (N.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuan Gao
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (O.D.); (H.Z.); (N.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Nicolás M. Suárez
- MRC-Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (N.M.S.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Andrew J. Davison
- MRC-Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (N.M.S.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (O.D.); (H.Z.); (N.D.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-4-366-42-64; Fax: +32-4-366-42-61
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Mintram KS, van Oosterhout C, Lighten J. Genetic variation in resistance and high fecundity impede viral biocontrol of invasive fish. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate S. Mintram
- Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - Jackie Lighten
- Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
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Boutier M, Donohoe O, Kopf RK, Humphries P, Becker JA, Marshall J, Vanderplasschen A. Biocontrol of Carp: The Australian Plan Does Not Stand Up to a Rational Analysis of Safety and Efficacy. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:882. [PMID: 31114554 PMCID: PMC6503052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boutier
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Owen Donohoe
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - R Keller Kopf
- School of Environmental Sciences, Institute for Land Water & Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Humphries
- School of Environmental Sciences, Institute for Land Water & Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Joy A Becker
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Marshall
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Water Planning Ecology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Kopf RK, Boutier M, Finlayson CM, Hodges K, Humphries P, King A, Kingsford RT, Marshall J, McGinness HM, Thresher R, Vanderplasschen A. Biocontrol in Australia: Can a carp herpesvirus (CyHV-3) deliver safe and effective ecological restoration? Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
How virulence evolves after a virus jumps to a new host species is central to disease emergence. Our current understanding of virulence evolution is based on insights drawn from two perspectives that have developed largely independently: long-standing evolutionary theory based on limited real data examples that often lack a genomic basis, and experimental studies of virulence-determining mutations using cell culture or animal models. A more comprehensive understanding of virulence mutations and their evolution can be achieved by bridging the gap between these two research pathways through the phylogenomic analysis of virus genome sequence data as a guide to experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma L Geoghegan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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McColl KA, Sunarto A, Neave MJ. Biocontrol of Carp: More Than Just a Herpesvirus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2288. [PMID: 30319586 PMCID: PMC6168658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A McColl
- CSIRO-Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Agus Sunarto
- CSIRO-Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Neave
- CSIRO-Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Gao Y, Suárez NM, Wilkie GS, Dong C, Bergmann S, Lee PYA, Davison AJ, Vanderplasschen AFC, Boutier M. Genomic and biologic comparisons of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 strains. Vet Res 2018; 49:40. [PMID: 29716648 PMCID: PMC5930815 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the archetypal fish alloherpesvirus and the etiologic agent of a lethal disease in common and koi carp. To date, the genome sequences of only four CyHV-3 isolates have been published, but no comparisons of the biologic properties of these strains have been reported. We have sequenced the genomes of a further seven strains from various geographical sources, and have compared their growth in vitro and virulence in vivo. The major findings were: (i) the existence of the two genetic lineages previously described as European and Asian was confirmed, but inconsistencies between the geographic origin and genotype of some strains were revealed; (ii) potential inter-lineage recombination was detected in one strain, which also suggested the existence of a third, as yet unidentified lineage; (iii) analysis of genetic disruptions led to the identification of non-essential genes and their potential role in virulence; (iv) comparison of the in vitro and in vivo properties of strains belonging to the two lineages revealed that inter-lineage polymorphisms do not contribute to the differences in viral fitness observed; and (v) a negative correlation was observed among strains between viral growth in vitro and virulence in vivo. This study illustrates the importance of coupling genomic and biologic comparisons of viral strains in order to enhance understanding of viral evolution and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (B43b), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolás M Suárez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gavin S Wilkie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chuanfu Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Food Safety/State Key Laboratory for Bio-control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Pei-Yu Alison Lee
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach, Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, China
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alain F C Vanderplasschen
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (B43b), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Maxime Boutier
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (B43b), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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