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Liu X, Zhou Y, Lin J, Xiao X, Wang Z, Jia L, Li M, Yang K, Fan J, Yang W, Li G. Directional Growth and Density Modulation of Single-Atom Platinum for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406650. [PMID: 38818631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Dispersion of single atoms (SAs) in the host is important for optimizing catalytic activity. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to tune oxygen vacancies in CeO2-X directionally anchoring the single atom platinum (PtSA), which is uniformly dispersed on the rGO. The catalyst's performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can be enhanced by controlling different densities of CeO2-X in rGO. The PtSA performs best optimally densified and loaded on homogeneous and moderately densified CeO2-X/rGO (PtSA-M-CeO2-X/rGO). It exhibited higher activity in HER with an overpotential of 25 mV at 0.5 M H2SO4 and 33 mV at 1 KOH than that of almost reported electrocatalysts. Furthermore, it exhibited stability for 90 hours at -100 mA cm-2 in 1 KOH and -150 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 conditions, respectively. Through comprehensive experiments and theoretical calculations, the suitable dispersion density of PtSA on the defects of CeO2-X with more active sites gives the potential for practical applications. This research paves the way for developing single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic activity and stability, holding promise in advanced green energy conversion through defects engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhou
- Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liangyong Jia
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jinchen Fan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, P. R. China
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2
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Gong Z, Chen J, Chen R, Zhu X, Wang C, Zhang X, Hu H, Yang Y, Zhang B, Chen H, Kaminer I, Lin X. Interfacial Cherenkov radiation from ultralow-energy electrons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306601120. [PMID: 37695899 PMCID: PMC10515145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306601120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cherenkov radiation occurs only when a charged particle moves with a velocity exceeding the phase velocity of light in that matter. This radiation mechanism creates directional light emission at a wide range of frequencies and could facilitate the development of on-chip light sources except for the hard-to-satisfy requirement for high-energy particles. Creating Cherenkov radiation from low-energy electrons that has no momentum mismatch with light in free space is still a long-standing challenge. Here, we report a mechanism to overcome this challenge by exploiting a combined effect of interfacial Cherenkov radiation and umklapp scattering, namely the constructive interference of light emission from sequential particle-interface interactions with specially designed (umklapp) momentum-shifts. We find that this combined effect is able to create the interfacial Cherenkov radiation from ultralow-energy electrons, with kinetic energies down to the electron-volt scale. Due to the umklapp scattering for the excited high-momentum Bloch modes, the resulting interfacial Cherenkov radiation is uniquely featured with spatially separated apexes for its wave cone and group cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa32000, Israel
| | - Ruoxi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Xingjian Zhu
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua321099, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing211106, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing312000, China
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa32000, Israel
| | - Xiao Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
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3
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Jiang W, Liu Y, Tang Q, Cai X, Li J, Wang L, Tao C, Yin X, Li X, Hou S, Jiang D, Liu K, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu M, Fan C, Tian Y. Structural and functional imaging of brains. Sci China Chem 2022; 66:324-366. [PMID: 36536633 PMCID: PMC9753096 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the complex structures and functions of brain is the key issue to understanding the physiological and pathological processes. Although neuronal morphology and local distribution of neurons/blood vessels in the brain have been known, the subcellular structures of cells remain challenging, especially in the live brain. In addition, the complicated brain functions involve numerous functional molecules, but the concentrations, distributions and interactions of these molecules in the brain are still poorly understood. In this review, frontier techniques available for multiscale structure imaging from organelles to the whole brain are first overviewed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM), light microscopy (LM) and synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM). Specially, XRM for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of large-scale brain tissue with high resolution and fast imaging speed is highlighted. Additionally, the development of elegant methods for acquisition of brain functions from electrical/chemical signals in the brain is outlined. In particular, the new electrophysiology technologies for neural recordings at the single-neuron level and in the brain are also summarized. We also focus on the construction of electrochemical probes based on dual-recognition strategy and surface/interface chemistry for determination of chemical species in the brain with high selectivity and long-term stability, as well as electrochemophysiological microarray for simultaneously recording of electrochemical and electrophysiological signals in the brain. Moreover, the recent development of brain MRI probes with high contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and sensitivity based on hyperpolarized techniques and multi-nuclear chemistry is introduced. Furthermore, multiple optical probes and instruments, especially the optophysiological Raman probes and fiber Raman photometry, for imaging and biosensing in live brain are emphasized. Finally, a brief perspective on existing challenges and further research development is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Qiaowei Tang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Jiang Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Changlu Tao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | | | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Shangguo Hou
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
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4
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Zhang P, Hu Y, Bongiovanni D, Li Z, Morandotti R, Chen Z, Xu J. Unveiling the Link between Airy-like Self-Acceleration and Diametric Drive Acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:083901. [PMID: 34477417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.083901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically reveal the link between two types of self-acceleration mechanisms widely emerging in wave dynamics and experimentally demonstrate such a connection via pulse interactions in nonlinear optical fibers. We find that, in order to realize a pulse pair subjected to a diametric drive acceleration, one of the two components can be directly obtained from a self-accelerating Airy-like pulse under appropriate conditions. Such a form of synchronized acceleration cannot be achieved by approaches previously used to generate diametric drive acceleration. Our results generalize the fundamental concept of diametric drive acceleration and may bring about unconventional approaches to control self-accelerating waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Domenico Bongiovanni
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Zhili Li
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Roberto Morandotti
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, USA
| | - Jingjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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5
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Yessenov M, Abouraddy AF. Accelerating and Decelerating Space-Time Optical Wave Packets in Free Space. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:233901. [PMID: 33337209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.233901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although a plethora of techniques are now available for controlling the group velocity of an optical wave packet, there are very few options for creating accelerating or decelerating wave packets whose group velocity varies controllably along the propagation axis. Here we show that "space-time" wave packets in which each wavelength is associated with a prescribed spatial bandwidth enable the realization of optical acceleration and deceleration in free space. Endowing the field with precise spatiotemporal structure leads to group-velocity changes as high as ∼c observed over a distance of ∼20 mm in free space, which represents a boost of at least ∼4 orders of magnitude over X waves and Airy pulses. The acceleration implemented is, in principle, independent of the initial group velocity, and we have verified this effect in both the subluminal and superluminal regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Yessenov
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Ayman F Abouraddy
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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6
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Wang D, Allcca AEL, Chung TF, Kildishev AV, Chen YP, Boltasseva A, Shalaev VM. Enhancing the graphene photocurrent using surface plasmons and a p-n junction. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:126. [PMID: 32704359 PMCID: PMC7371713 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The recently proposed concept of graphene photodetectors offers remarkable properties such as unprecedented compactness, ultrabroadband detection, and an ultrafast response speed. However, owing to the low optical absorption of pristine monolayer graphene, the intrinsically low responsivity of graphene photodetectors significantly hinders the development of practical devices. To address this issue, numerous efforts have thus far been made to enhance the light-graphene interaction using plasmonic structures. These approaches, however, can be significantly advanced by leveraging the other critical aspect of graphene photoresponsivity enhancement-electrical junction control. It has been reported that the dominant photocarrier generation mechanism in graphene is the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect. Thus, the two energy conversion mechanisms involved in the graphene photodetection process are light-to-heat and heat-to-electricity conversions. In this work, we propose a meticulously designed device architecture to simultaneously enhance the two conversion efficiencies. Specifically, a gap plasmon structure is used to absorb a major portion of the incident light to induce localized heating, and a pair of split gates is used to produce a p-n junction in graphene to augment the PTE current generation. The gap plasmon structure and the split gates are designed to share common key components so that the proposed device architecture concurrently realizes both optical and electrical enhancements. We experimentally demonstrate the dominance of the PTE effect in graphene photocurrent generation and observe a 25-fold increase in the generated photocurrent compared to the un-enhanced cases. While further photocurrent enhancement can be achieved by applying a DC bias, the proposed device concept shows vast potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Andres E. Llacsahuanga Allcca
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Ting-Fung Chung
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Alexander V. Kildishev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute (PQSEI), Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Yong P. Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute (PQSEI), Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute (PQSEI), Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Vladimir M. Shalaev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute (PQSEI), Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
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7
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Li L, Jiang Y, Jiang P, Li X, Qiu Y, Jia P, Pi Z, Hu Y, Chen Z, Xu J. Experimental observation of three-dimensional non-paraxial accelerating beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17653-17659. [PMID: 32679970 DOI: 10.1364/oe.387866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally realize three-dimensional non-paraxial accelerating beams associated with different coordinate systems. They are obtained by Fourier transforming a phase-modulated wave front in an aberration-compensated system. The phase pattern is encoded to include the phase and amplitude modulation for the accelerating beams with additional correction phase for the aberration compensation. These beams propagate along a circular trajectory, but they exhibit rather complex intensity patterns corresponding to the shape-invariant solutions in parabolic, prolate spheroidal and oblate spheroidal coordinate systems.
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8
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Wu Y, Yang W, Fan Y, Song Q, Xiao S. TiO 2 metasurfaces: From visible planar photonics to photochemistry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0939. [PMID: 31701001 PMCID: PMC6824849 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 metasurfaces have been intensively studied in the past few years. To date, the TiO2 metadevices only used their high reflective index (n). The controllable light extinction coefficient (k) of TiO2 has not been exploited yet. Here, we converted TiO2 metasurfaces to black TiO2 metasurfaces and explored their new opportunities in photochemistry. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible technique has been developed to reversibly and precisely control the absorption of TiO2 metasurfaces without spoiling their internal nanostructures. Consequently, two types of black TiO2 metasurfaces were realized for photochemical experiments. The metasurface with an ultrawide absorption band can substantially enhance the white light absorption and accelerate the solar-based photochemistry process by a factor of 18.7. The other metasurface with an absorption band of <20 nm only responded to the resonant wavelengths, making the photochemistry process capable of being monitored in real time. In addition, the reversible switch between normal and black states makes TiO2 metasurfaces suitable for dynamic metadevices as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Fan
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Song
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (S.X.); (Q.S.)
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (S.X.); (Q.S.)
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9
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Wang D, Koh YR, Kudyshev ZA, Maize K, Kildishev AV, Boltasseva A, Shalaev VM, Shakouri A. Spatial and Temporal Nanoscale Plasmonic Heating Quantified by Thermoreflectance. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3796-3803. [PMID: 31067061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The field of thermoplasmonics has thrived in the past decades because it uniquely provides remotely controllable nanometer-scale heat sources that have augmented numerous technologies. Despite the extensive studies on steady-state plasmonic heating, the dynamic behavior of the plasmonic heaters in the nanosecond regime has remained largely unexplored, yet such a time scale is indeed essential for a broad range of applications such as photocatalysis, optical modulators, and detectors. Here, we use two distinct techniques based on the temperature-dependent surface reflectivity of materials, optical thermoreflectance imaging (OTI) and time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR), to comprehensively investigate plasmonic heating in both spatial and temporal domains. Specifically, OTI enables the rapid visualization of plasmonic heating with sub-micron resolution, outperforming a standard thermal camera, and allows us to establish the connection between the optical absorptance and heating efficiency as well as to analyze plasmonic heating dynamics on the millisecond scale. Using the TDTR technique, we, for the first time, study the optical resonance-dependent heat-transfer dynamics of a nanometer-scale plasmonic structure in the nanosecond regime and use a detailed computational model to extract the impulse response and thermal interface conductance of a multilayer plasmonic structure. The study reveals a quantitative relationship between the dimensions of the nanopatterned structure and its spatiotemporal thermal response to the light pulse excitation, a thermoplasmonic effect resulting from the spatial distribution of the absorbed electromagnetic energy. We also conclude that the two thermoreflectance techniques provide necessary feedback to nanoscale thermoplasmonic heat management, for which optimization in either heating power or temperature decay speed is needed.
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10
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Fan Q, Zhu W, Liang Y, Huo P, Zhang C, Agrawal A, Luo X, Lu Y, Qiu C, Lezec H, Xu T. Broadband Generation of Photonic Spin-Controlled Arbitrary Accelerating Light Beams in the Visible. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1158-1165. [PMID: 30595022 PMCID: PMC6536309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bending light along arbitrary curvatures is a captivating and popular notion, triggering unprecedented endeavors in achieving diffraction-free propagation along a curved path in free-space. Much effort has been devoted to achieving this goal in homogeneous space, which solely relies on the transverse acceleration of beam centroid exerted by a beam generator. Here, based on an all-dielectric metasurface, we experimentally report a synthetic strategy of encoding and multiplexing acceleration features on a freely propagating light beam, synergized with photonic spin states of light. Independent switching between two arbitrary visible accelerating light beams with distinct acceleration directions and caustic trajectories is achieved. This proof-of-concept recipe demonstrates the strength of the designed metasurface chip: subwavelength pixel size, independent control over light beam curvature, broadband operation in the visible, and ultrathin scalable planar architecture. Our results open up the possibility of creating ultracompact, high-pixel density, and flat-profile nanophotonic platforms for efficient generation and dynamical control of structured light beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Fan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yuzhang Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pengcheng Huo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xiangang Luo
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chengwei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- , ,
| | - Henri Lezec
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- , ,
| | - Ting Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- , ,
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