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Hu Y, Wang S, Wang R, Zhang Y, Yuan Q, Yuan C. Total saponins from Panax japonicus regulated the intestinal microbiota to alleviate lipid metabolism disorders in aging mice. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105500. [PMID: 38851092 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Total saponins from Panax japonicus (TSPJ) have many beneficial physiological activities, particularly in alleviating the damages of aging and abnormal lipid metabolism. This work used mice models to investigate if TSPJ reduced obesity and regulated metabolic functions via the intestinal microbiota, the disturbance of which has been shown to cause aging-related diseases. The results showed that TSPJ significantly reduced the weight and blood lipid level of aging mice. Further analyses showed that TSPJ significantly inhibited adipogenesis, changed the composition of the intestinal flora, and protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier. It was inferred from the accumulated experimental data that TSPJ helped to combat obesity in aging mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota and promoting microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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2
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Li X, Yu Z. Role of liquid-liquid phase separation in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e144. [PMID: 39290787 PMCID: PMC11407098 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a pivotal biological phenomenon involved in various cellular processes, including the formation of membrane-less organelles and the regulation of biomolecular condensates through precise spatiotemporal coordination of signaling pathways in cells. Dysregulation of LLPSs results in aberrant biomolecular condensates, which are widely implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, we comprehensively summarize the multifaceted roles of LLPS in tumor biology from the perspective of cancer hallmarks, including genomic stability, metabolic reprogramming progression, ferroptosis, and metastasis, to unveil the intricate mechanisms by which LLPS occurs in tumorigenesis. We discuss current discoveries related to therapeutic involvement and potential clinical applications of LLPS in cancer treatment, highlighting the potential of targeting LLPS-driven processes as novel therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with new approaches for cancer treatment based on LLPS. This in-depth discussion of the impact of LLPS on fundamental aspects of tumor biology provides new insights into overcoming cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Beijing China
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3
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Li Y, Feng Y, Geng S, Xu F, Guo H. The role of liquid-liquid phase separation in defining cancer EMT. Life Sci 2024; 353:122931. [PMID: 39038510 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Cancer EMT is a pivotal process that drives carcinogenesis, metastasis, and cancer recurrence, with its initiation and regulation intricately governed by biochemical pathways in a precise spatiotemporal manner. Recently, the membrane-less biomolecular condensates formed via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) have emerged as a universal mechanism underlying the spatiotemporal collaboration of biological activities in cancer EMT. In this review, we first elucidate the current understanding of LLPS formation and its cellular functions, followed by an overview of valuable tools for investigating LLPS. Secondly, we examine in detail the LLPS-mediated biological processes crucial for the initiation and regulation of cancer EMT. Lastly, we address current challenges in advancing LLPS research and explore the potential modulation of LLPS using therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China.
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4
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Moreira S, Chyou TY, Wade J, Brown C. Diversification of the Rho transcription termination factor in bacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:8979-8997. [PMID: 38966992 PMCID: PMC11347177 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Correct termination of transcription is essential for gene expression. In bacteria, factor-dependent termination relies on the Rho factor, that classically has three conserved domains. Some bacteria also have a functional insertion region. However, the variation in Rho structure among bacteria has not been analyzed in detail. This study determines the distribution, sequence conservation, and predicted features of Rho factors with diverse domain architectures by analyzing 2730 bacterial genomes. About half (49.8%) of the species analyzed have the typical Escherichia coli like Rho while most of the other species (39.8%) have diverse, atypical forms of Rho. Besides conservation of the main domains, we describe a duplicated RNA-binding domain present in specific species and novel variations in the bicyclomycin binding pocket. The additional regions observed in Rho proteins exhibit remarkable diversity. Commonly, however, they have exceptional amino acid compositions and are predicted to be intrinsically disordered, to undergo phase separation, or have prion-like behavior. Phase separation has recently been shown to play roles in Rho function and bacterial fitness during harsh conditions in one species and this study suggests a more widespread role. In conclusion, diverse atypical Rho factors are broadly distributed among bacteria, suggesting additional cellular roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9054, New Zealand
| | - Te-yuan Chyou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9054, New Zealand
| | - Joseph T Wade
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Chris M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9054, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9054, New Zealand
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5
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Lebrun-Corbin M, Cheung BH, Hullahalli K, Dailey K, Bailey K, Waldor MK, Wunderink RG, Bachta KER, Hauser AR. Pseudomonas aeruginosa population dynamics in a vancomycin-induced murine model of gastrointestinal carriage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.19.608679. [PMID: 39229171 PMCID: PMC11370369 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.19.608679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common nosocomial pathogen and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Multiple reports highlight that P. aeruginosa gastrointestinal colonization may precede systemic infections by this pathogen. Gaining a deeper insight into the dynamics of P. aeruginosa gastrointestinal carriage is an essential step in managing gastrointestinal colonization and could contribute to preventing bacterial transmission and progression to systemic infection. Here, we present a clinically relevant mouse model relying on parenteral vancomycin pretreatment and a single orogastric gavage of a controlled dose of P. aeruginosa. Robust carriage was observed with multiple clinical isolates, and carriage persisted for up to 60 days. Histological and microbiological examination of mice indicated that this model indeed represented carriage and not infection. We then used a barcoded P. aeruginosa library along with the sequence tag-based analysis of microbial populations (STAMPR) analytic pipeline to quantify bacterial population dynamics and bottlenecks during the establishment of the gastrointestinal carriage. Analysis indicated that most of the P. aeruginosa population was rapidly eliminated in the stomach, but the few bacteria that moved to the small intestine and the caecum expanded significantly. Hence, the stomach constitutes a significant barrier against gastrointestinal carriage of P. aeruginosa, which may have clinical implications for hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lebrun-Corbin
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bettina H Cheung
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karthik Hullahalli
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Dailey
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew K Waldor
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard G Wunderink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA
| | - Kelly E R Bachta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan R Hauser
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Yan S, Liu Q, Liang B, Zhang M, Chen W, Zhang D, Wang C, Xing D. Airborne microbes: sampling, detection, and inactivation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-35. [PMID: 39128871 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2377191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The human living environment serves as a habitat for microorganisms and the presence of ubiquitous airborne microbes significantly impacts the natural material cycle. Through ongoing experimentation with beneficial microorganisms, humans have greatly benefited from airborne microbes. However, airborne pathogens endanger human health and have the potential to induce fatal diseases. Tracking airborne microbes is a critical prerequisite for a better understanding of bioaerosols, harnessing their potential advantages, and mitigating associated risks. Although technological breakthroughs have enabled significant advancements in accurately monitoring airborne pathogens, many puzzles about these microbes remain unanswered due to their high variability and environmental diffusibility. Consequently, advanced techniques and strategies for special identification, early warning, and efficient eradication of microbial contamination are continuously being sought. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research status of airborne microbes, concentrating on the recent advances and challenges in sampling, detection, and inactivation. Particularly, the fundamental design principles for the collection and timely detection of airborne pathogens are described in detail, as well as critical factors for eliminating microbial contamination and enhancing indoor air quality. In addition, future research directions and perspectives for controlling airborne microbes are also suggested to promote the translation of basic research into real products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daijun Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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7
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Lin X, Jiao R, Cui H, Yan X, Zhang K. Physiochemically and Genetically Engineered Bacteria: Instructive Design Principles and Diverse Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403156. [PMID: 38864372 PMCID: PMC11321697 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
With the comprehensive understanding of microorganisms and the rapid advances of physiochemical engineering and bioengineering technologies, scientists are advancing rationally-engineered bacteria as emerging drugs for treating various diseases in clinical disease management. Engineered bacteria specifically refer to advanced physiochemical or genetic technologies in combination with cutting edge nanotechnology or physical technologies, which have been validated to play significant roles in lysing tumors, regulating immunity, influencing the metabolic pathways, etc. However, there has no specific reviews that concurrently cover physiochemically- and genetically-engineered bacteria and their derivatives yet, let alone their distinctive design principles and various functions and applications. Herein, the applications of physiochemically and genetically-engineered bacteria, and classify and discuss significant breakthroughs with an emphasis on their specific design principles and engineering methods objective to different specific uses and diseases beyond cancer is described. The combined strategies for developing in vivo biotherapeutic agents based on these physiochemically- and genetically-engineered bacteria or bacterial derivatives, and elucidated how they repress cancer and other diseases is also underlined. Additionally, the challenges faced by clinical translation and the future development directions are discussed. This review is expected to provide an overall impression on physiochemically- and genetically-engineered bacteria and enlighten more researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Central Laboratory and Department of UltrasoundSichuan Academy of Medical SciencesSichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaNo. 32, West Second Section, First Ring RoadChengduSichuan610072China
| | - Rong Jiao
- Central Laboratory and Department of UltrasoundSichuan Academy of Medical SciencesSichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaNo. 32, West Second Section, First Ring RoadChengduSichuan610072China
| | - Haowen Cui
- Central Laboratory and Department of UltrasoundSichuan Academy of Medical SciencesSichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaNo. 32, West Second Section, First Ring RoadChengduSichuan610072China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University. No.368Hanjiang Road, Hanjiang DistrictYangzhouJiangsu Province225012China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of UltrasoundSichuan Academy of Medical SciencesSichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaNo. 32, West Second Section, First Ring RoadChengduSichuan610072China
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8
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Sasazawa M, Tomares DT, Childers WS, Saurabh S. Biomolecular condensates as stress sensors and modulators of bacterial signaling. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012413. [PMID: 39146259 PMCID: PMC11326607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbes exhibit remarkable adaptability to environmental fluctuations. Signaling mechanisms, such as two-component systems and secondary messengers, have long been recognized as critical for sensing and responding to environmental cues. However, recent research has illuminated the potential of a physical adaptation mechanism in signaling-phase separation, which may represent a ubiquitous mechanism for compartmentalizing biochemistry within the cytoplasm in the context of bacteria that frequently lack membrane-bound organelles. This review considers the broader prospect that phase separation may play critical roles as rapid stress sensing and response mechanisms within pathogens. It is well established that weak multivalent interactions between disordered regions, coiled-coils, and other structured domains can form condensates via phase separation and be regulated by specific environmental parameters in some cases. The process of phase separation itself acts as a responsive sensor, influenced by changes in protein concentration, posttranslational modifications, temperature, salts, pH, and oxidative stresses. This environmentally triggered phase separation can, in turn, regulate the functions of recruited biomolecules, providing a rapid response to stressful conditions. As examples, we describe biochemical pathways organized by condensates that are essential for cell physiology and exhibit signaling features. These include proteins that organize and modify the chromosome (Dps, Hu, SSB), regulate the decay, and modification of RNA (RNase E, Hfq, Rho, RNA polymerase), those involved in signal transduction (PopZ, PodJ, and SpmX) and stress response (aggresomes and polyphosphate granules). We also summarize the potential of proteins within pathogens to function as condensates and the potential and challenges in targeting biomolecular condensates for next-generation antimicrobial therapeutics. Together, this review illuminates the emerging significance of biomolecular condensates in microbial signaling, stress responses, and regulation of cell physiology and provides a framework for microbiologists to consider the function of biomolecular condensates in microbial adaptation and response to diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeka Sasazawa
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dylan T Tomares
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - W Seth Childers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Saumya Saurabh
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
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9
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Nandana V, Al-Husini N, Vaishnav A, Dilrangi KH, Schrader JM. Caulobacter crescentus RNase E condensation contributes to autoregulation and fitness. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar104. [PMID: 38865176 PMCID: PMC11321048 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-12-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
RNase E is the most common RNA decay nuclease in bacteria, setting the global mRNA decay rate and scaffolding formation of the RNA degradosome complex and BR-bodies. To properly set the global mRNA decay rate, RNase E from Escherichia coli and neighboring γ-proteobacteria were found to autoregulate RNase E levels via the decay of its mRNA's 5' untranslated region (UTR). While the 5' UTR is absent from other groups of bacteria in the Rfam database, we identified that the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus RNase E contains a similar 5' UTR structure that promotes RNase E autoregulation. In both bacteria, the C-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of RNase E is required for proper autoregulation to occur, and this IDR is also necessary and sufficient for RNase E to phase-separate, generating BR-bodies. Using in vitro purified RNase E, we find that the IDR's ability to promote phase separation correlates with enhanced 5' UTR cleavage, suggesting that phase separation of RNase E with the 5' UTR enhances autoregulation. Finally, using growth competition experiments, we find that a strain capable of autoregulation rapidly outcompetes a strain with a 5' UTR mutation that cannot autoregulate, suggesting autoregulation promotes optimal cellular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhyadhar Nandana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Nadra Al-Husini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Arti Vaishnav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | | | - Jared M. Schrader
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
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10
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Hustmyer CM, Landick R. Bacterial chromatin proteins, transcription, and DNA topology: Inseparable partners in the control of gene expression. Mol Microbiol 2024; 122:81-112. [PMID: 38847475 PMCID: PMC11260248 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
DNA in bacterial chromosomes is organized into higher-order structures by DNA-binding proteins called nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) or bacterial chromatin proteins (BCPs). BCPs often bind to or near DNA loci transcribed by RNA polymerase (RNAP) and can either increase or decrease gene expression. To understand the mechanisms by which BCPs alter transcription, one must consider both steric effects and the topological forces that arise when DNA deviates from its fully relaxed double-helical structure. Transcribing RNAP creates DNA negative (-) supercoils upstream and positive (+) supercoils downstream whenever RNAP and DNA are unable to rotate freely. This (-) and (+) supercoiling generates topological forces that resist forward translocation of DNA through RNAP unless the supercoiling is constrained by BCPs or relieved by topoisomerases. BCPs also may enhance topological stress and overall can either inhibit or aid transcription. Here, we review current understanding of how RNAP, BCPs, and DNA topology interplay to control gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Landick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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11
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Giraldo R. The emergence of bacterial prions. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012253. [PMID: 38870093 PMCID: PMC11175392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Giraldo
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Rathnayaka-Mudiyanselage IW, Nandana V, Schrader JM. Proteomic composition of eukaryotic and bacterial RNA decay condensates suggests convergent evolution. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 79:102467. [PMID: 38569418 PMCID: PMC11162941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cells have a unique challenge to organize their cytoplasm without the use of membrane-bound organelles. Biomolecular condensates (henceforth BMCs) are a class of nonmembrane-bound organelles, which, through the physical process of phase separation, can form liquid-like droplets with proteins/nucleic acids. BMCs have been broadly characterized in eukaryotic cells, and BMCs have been recently identified in bacteria, with the first and best studied example being bacterial ribonucleoprotein bodies (BR-bodies). BR-bodies contain the RNA decay machinery and show functional parallels to eukaryotic P-bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs). Due to the finding that mRNA decay machinery is compartmentalized in BR-bodies and in eukaryotic PBs/SGs, we will explore the functional similarities in the proteins, which are known to enrich in these structures based on recent proteomic studies. Interestingly, despite the use of different mRNA decay and post-transcriptional regulatory machinery, this analysis has revealed evolutionary convergence in the classes of enriched enzymes in these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Rathnayaka-Mudiyanselage
- Wayne State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA; Wayne State University, Department of Chemistry, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - V Nandana
- Wayne State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - J M Schrader
- Wayne State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
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13
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Liu D, Yang J, Cristea IM. Liquid-liquid phase separation in innate immunity. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:454-469. [PMID: 38762334 PMCID: PMC11247960 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsic and innate immune responses are essential lines of defense in the body's constant surveillance of pathogens. The discovery of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as a key regulator of this primal response to infection brings an updated perspective to our understanding of cellular defense mechanisms. Here, we review the emerging multifaceted role of LLPS in diverse aspects of mammalian innate immunity, including DNA and RNA sensing and inflammasome activity. We discuss the intricate regulation of LLPS by post-translational modifications (PTMs), and the subversive tactics used by viruses to antagonize LLPS. This Review, therefore, underscores the significance of LLPS as a regulatory node that offers rapid and plastic control over host immune signaling, representing a promising target for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jinhang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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14
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Sha XL, Lv GT, Chen QH, Cui X, Wang L, Cui X. A peptide selectively recognizes Gram-negative bacteria and forms a bacterial extracellular trap (BET) through interfacial self-assembly. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3676-3685. [PMID: 38530749 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02559d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
An innate immune system intricately leverages unique mechanisms to inhibit colonization of external invasive Bacteria, for example human defensin-6, through responsive encapsulation of bacteria. Infection and accompanying antibiotic resistance stemming from Gram-negative bacteria aggregation represent an emerging public health crisis, which calls for research into novel anti-bacterial therapeutics. Herein, inspired by naturally found host-defense peptides, we design a defensin-like peptide ligand, bacteria extracellular trap (BET) peptide, with modular design composed of targeting, assembly, and hydrophobic motifs with an aggregation-induced emission feature. The ligand specifically recognizes Gram-negative bacteria via targeting cell wall conserved lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and transforms from nanoparticles to nanofibrous networks in situ to trap bacteria and induce aggregation. Importantly, treatment of the BET peptide was found to have an antibacterial effect on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, which is comparable to neomycin. Animal studies further demonstrate its ability to trigger aggregation of bacteria in vivo. This biomimetic self-assembling BET peptide provides a novel approach to fight against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Sha
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R. China
| | - Gan-Tian Lv
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cui
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No. 11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, 075000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No. 11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, 075000, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhou W, Zhang X, Li G, Li R, Lin X, Chen Z, Liu F, Shen P, Zhou X, Gao Y, Chen Z, Chao Y, Wang C. A widely conserved protein Rof inhibits transcription termination factor Rho and promotes Salmonella virulence program. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3187. [PMID: 38622116 PMCID: PMC11018607 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription is crucial for the expression of genetic information and its efficient and accurate termination is required for all living organisms. Rho-dependent termination could rapidly terminate unwanted premature RNAs and play important roles in bacterial adaptation to changing environments. Although Rho has been discovered for about five decades, the regulation mechanisms of Rho-dependent termination are still not fully elucidated. Here we report that Rof is a conserved antiterminator and determine the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of Rho-Rof antitermination complex. Rof binds to the open-ring Rho hexamer and inhibits the initiation of Rho-dependent termination. Rof's N-terminal α-helix undergoes conformational changes upon binding with Rho, and is key in facilitating Rof-Rho interactions. Rof binds to Rho's primary binding site (PBS) and excludes Rho from binding with PBS ligand RNA at the initiation step. Further in vivo analyses in Salmonella Typhimurium show that Rof is required for virulence gene expression and host cell invasion, unveiling a physiological function of Rof and transcription termination in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- The Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoxuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogen Zhou
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- The Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanjie Chao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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16
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Sun X, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Peng M, Wei X, Xie Y, Wen C, Liu J, Ye M. Biomolecular Condensates Decipher Molecular Codes of Cell Fate: From Biophysical Fundamentals to Therapeutic Practices. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4127. [PMID: 38612940 PMCID: PMC11012904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell fate is precisely modulated by complex but well-tuned molecular signaling networks, whose spatial and temporal dysregulation commonly leads to hazardous diseases. Biomolecular condensates (BCs), as a newly emerging type of biophysical assemblies, decipher the molecular codes bridging molecular behaviors, signaling axes, and clinical prognosis. Particularly, physical traits of BCs play an important role; however, a panoramic view from this perspective toward clinical practices remains lacking. In this review, we describe the most typical five physical traits of BCs, and comprehensively summarize their roles in molecular signaling axes and corresponding major determinants. Moreover, establishing the recent observed contribution of condensate physics on clinical therapeutics, we illustrate next-generation medical strategies by targeting condensate physics. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future medical development along with the rapid scientific and technological advances are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Sun
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.)
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
| | - Menglan Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
| | - Xianhua Wei
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
| | - Yifang Xie
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.)
| | - Chengcai Wen
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.)
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
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17
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Gupta MN, Uversky VN. Protein structure-function continuum model: Emerging nexuses between specificity, evolution, and structure. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4968. [PMID: 38532700 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The rationale for replacing the old binary of structure-function with the trinity of structure, disorder, and function has gained considerable ground in recent years. A continuum model based on the expanded form of the existing paradigm can now subsume importance of both conformational flexibility and intrinsic disorder in protein function. The disorder is actually critical for understanding the protein-protein interactions in many regulatory processes, formation of membrane-less organelles, and our revised notions of specificity as amply illustrated by moonlighting proteins. While its importance in formation of amyloids and function of prions is often discussed, the roles of intrinsic disorder in infectious diseases and protein function under extreme conditions are also becoming clear. This review is an attempt to discuss how our current understanding of protein function, specificity, and evolution fit better with the continuum model. This integration of structure and disorder under a single model may bring greater clarity in our continuing quest for understanding proteins and molecular mechanisms of their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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18
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Guo D, Xiong Y, Fu B, Sha Z, Li B, Wu H. Liquid-Liquid phase separation in bacteria. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127627. [PMID: 38262205 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Cells are the essential building blocks of living organisms, responsible for carrying out various biochemical reactions and performing specific functions. In eukaryotic cells, numerous membrane organelles have evolved to facilitate these processes by providing specific spatial locations. In recent years, it has also been discovered that membraneless organelles play a crucial role in the subcellular organization of bacteria, which are single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms characterized by their simple structure and small size. These membraneless organelles in bacteria have been found to undergo Liquid-Liquid phase separation (LLPS), a molecular mechanism that allows for their assembly. Through extensive research, the occurrence of LLPS and its role in the spatial organization of bacteria have been better understood. Various biomacromolecules have been identified to exhibit LLPS properties in different bacterial species. LLPS which is introduced into synthetic biology applies to bacteria has important implications, and three recent research reports have shed light on its potential applications in this field. Overall, this review investigates the molecular mechanisms of LLPS occurrence and its significance in bacteria while also considering the future prospects of implementing LLPS in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Beibei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bohao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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19
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Warren Norris MAH, Plaskon DM, Tamayo R. Phase Variation of Flagella and Toxins in Clostridioides difficile is Mediated by Selective Rho-dependent Termination. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168456. [PMID: 38278436 PMCID: PMC10942720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is an intestinal pathogen that exhibits phase variation of flagella and toxins through inversion of the flagellar (flg) switch controlling flagellar and toxin gene expression. The transcription termination factor Rho preferentially inhibits swimming motility of bacteria with the 'flg-OFF' switch sequence. How C. difficile Rho mediates this selectivity was unknown. C. difficile Rho contains an N-terminal insertion domain (NID) which is found in a subset of Rho orthologues and confers diverse functions. Here we determined how Rho distinguishes between flg-ON and -OFF mRNAs and the roles of the NID and other domains of C. difficile Rho. Using in vitro ATPase assays, we determined that Rho specifically binds a region containing the left inverted repeat of the flg switch, but only of flg-OFF mRNA, indicating that differential termination is mediated by selective Rho binding. Using a suite of in vivo and in vitro assays in C. difficile, we determined that the NID is essential for Rho termination of flg-OFF mRNA, likely by influencing the ability to form stable hexamers, and the RNA binding domain is critical for flg-OFF specific termination. This work gives insight into the novel mechanism by which Rho interacts with flg mRNA to mediate phase variation of flagella and toxins in C. difficile and broadens our understanding of Rho-mediated termination in an organism with an AT-rich genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes A H Warren Norris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dylan M Plaskon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rita Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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20
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Monterroso B, Margolin W, Boersma AJ, Rivas G, Poolman B, Zorrilla S. Macromolecular Crowding, Phase Separation, and Homeostasis in the Orchestration of Bacterial Cellular Functions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1899-1949. [PMID: 38331392 PMCID: PMC10906006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding affects the activity of proteins and functional macromolecular complexes in all cells, including bacteria. Crowding, together with physicochemical parameters such as pH, ionic strength, and the energy status, influences the structure of the cytoplasm and thereby indirectly macromolecular function. Notably, crowding also promotes the formation of biomolecular condensates by phase separation, initially identified in eukaryotic cells but more recently discovered to play key functions in bacteria. Bacterial cells require a variety of mechanisms to maintain physicochemical homeostasis, in particular in environments with fluctuating conditions, and the formation of biomolecular condensates is emerging as one such mechanism. In this work, we connect physicochemical homeostasis and macromolecular crowding with the formation and function of biomolecular condensates in the bacterial cell and compare the supramolecular structures found in bacteria with those of eukaryotic cells. We focus on the effects of crowding and phase separation on the control of bacterial chromosome replication, segregation, and cell division, and we discuss the contribution of biomolecular condensates to bacterial cell fitness and adaptation to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Monterroso
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - William Margolin
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth-Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Arnold J. Boersma
- Cellular
Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Germán Rivas
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Zorrilla
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Wang X, Xie W, Cai L, Han C, Kuang H, Shao Y, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Li J, Cui W, Jiang Y, Tang L. Microencapsulated Limosilactobacillus reuteri Encoding Lactoferricin-Lactoferrampin Targeted Intestine against Salmonella typhimurium Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:5141. [PMID: 38140400 PMCID: PMC10745908 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is an important foodborne pathogen that infects both humans and animals and develops acute gastroenteritis. As porcine intestines are relatively similar to the human ones due to their relatively similar sizes and structural similarity, S. typhimurium causes analogous symptoms in both. Novel strategies for controlling S. typhimurium infection are also desired, such as mucosal-targeted delivery of probiotics and antimicrobial peptides. The bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin-encoding Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR-LFCA) strain improves intestinal barrier function by strengthening the intestinal barrier. Weaned piglets were selected for oral administration of microencapsulated LR-LFCA (microcapsules entrap LR-LFCA into gastro-resistant polymers) and then infected with S. typhimurium for 3 days. We found that orally administering microencapsulated LR-LFCA to weaned piglets attenuated S. typhimurium-induced production of inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucosa by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. Moreover, microencapsulated LR-LFCA administration significantly suppressed the oxidative stress that may correlate with gut microbiota (reduced Salmonella population and increased α-diversity and Lactobacillus abundance) and intestinal function (membrane transport and metabolism). Our work demonstrated that microencapsulated LR-LFCA effectively targeted intestine delivery of Lactobacillus and antimicrobial peptides and modulated gut microbiota and mucosal immunity. This study reveals a novel targeting mucosal strategy against S. typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Weichun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Limeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Chuang Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Hongdi Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yilan Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Senhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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22
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Nandana V, Al-Husini N, Vaishnav A, Dilrangi KH, Schrader JM. Caulobacter crescentus RNase E condensation contributes to autoregulation and fitness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571756. [PMID: 38168245 PMCID: PMC10760160 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
RNase E is the most common RNA decay nuclease in bacteria, setting the global mRNA decay rate and scaffolding formation of the RNA degradosome complex and BR-bodies. To properly set the global mRNA decay rate, RNase E from Escherichia coli and neighboring γ-proteobacteria were found to autoregulate RNase E levels via the decay of its mRNA's 5' UTR. While the 5' UTR is absent from other groups of bacteria in the Rfam database, we identified that the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus RNase E contains a similar 5' UTR structure that promotes RNase E autoregulation. In both bacteria, the C-terminal IDR of RNase E is required for proper autoregulation to occur, and this IDR is also necessary and sufficient for RNase E to phase-separate, generating BR-bodies. Using in vitro purified RNase E, we find that the IDR's ability to promote phase-separation correlates with enhanced 5' UTR cleavage, suggesting that phase-separation of RNase E with the 5' UTR enhances autoregulation. Finally, using growth competition experiments we find that a strain capable of autoregulation rapidly outcompetes a strain with a 5' UTR mutation that cannot autoregulate, suggesting autoregulation promotes optimal cellular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhyadhar Nandana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Nadra Al-Husini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | | | | | - Jared M. Schrader
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
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23
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Ji J, Jin W, Liu S, Jiao Z, Li X. Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e420. [PMID: 37929014 PMCID: PMC10625129 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and its homeostasis play a crucial role in human health. However, for some diseases related to the gut microbiota, current traditional medicines can only relieve symptoms, and it is difficult to solve the root causes or even cause side effects like disturbances in the gut microbiota. Increasing clinical studies and evidences have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics can prevent and treat various diseases, but currently they can only be used as dietary supplements rather than medicines, which restricts the application of probiotics in the field of medicine. Here, this review analyzes the importance of gut microbiota in human health and the current problems of traditional medicines, and systematically summarizes the effectiveness and mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in maintaining health and treating diseases based on animal models and clinical trials. And based on current research outcomes and development trends in this field, the challenges and prospects of their clinical application in maintaining health, alleviating and treating diseases are analyzed. It is hoped to promote the application of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in disease treatment and open up new frontiers in probiotic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Weilin Jin
- Institute of Cancer NeuroscienceMedical Frontier Innovation Research CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityThe First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Shuang‐Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zuoyi Jiao
- Cuiying Biomedical Research CenterThe Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Xiangkai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
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24
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Groisman EA, Han W, Krypotou E. Advancing the fitness of gut commensal bacteria. Science 2023; 382:766-768. [PMID: 37972163 PMCID: PMC10838159 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient starvation of beneficial bacteria helps them colonize the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weiwei Han
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emilia Krypotou
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
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25
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Nandana V, Rathnayaka-Mudiyanselage IW, Muthunayake NS, Hatami A, Mousseau CB, Ortiz-Rodríguez LA, Vaishnav J, Collins M, Gega A, Mallikaarachchi KS, Yassine H, Ghosh A, Biteen JS, Zhu Y, Champion MM, Childers WS, Schrader JM. The BR-body proteome contains a complex network of protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113229. [PMID: 37815915 PMCID: PMC10842194 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ribonucleoprotein bodies (BR-bodies) are non-membrane-bound structures that facilitate mRNA decay by concentrating mRNA substrates with RNase E and the associated RNA degradosome machinery. However, the full complement of proteins enriched in BR-bodies has not been defined. Here, we define the protein components of BR-bodies through enrichment of the bodies followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. We find 111 BR-body-enriched proteins showing that BR-bodies are more complex than previously assumed. We identify five BR-body-enriched proteins that undergo RNA-dependent phase separation in vitro with a complex network of condensate mixing. We observe that some RNP condensates co-assemble with preferred directionality, suggesting that RNA may be trafficked through RNP condensates in an ordered manner to facilitate mRNA processing/decay, and that some BR-body-associated proteins have the capacity to dissolve the condensate. Altogether, these results suggest that a complex network of protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions controls BR-body phase separation and RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhyadhar Nandana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Imalka W Rathnayaka-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Ali Hatami
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - C Bruce Mousseau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | - Jamuna Vaishnav
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Michael Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Alisa Gega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Hadi Yassine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Aishwarya Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Julie S Biteen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yingxi Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Matthew M Champion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - W Seth Childers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jared M Schrader
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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26
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Qin C, Wang YL, Zhou JY, Shi J, Zhao WW, Zhu YX, Bai SM, Feng LL, Bie SY, Zeng B, Zheng J, Zeng GD, Feng WX, Wan XB, Fan XJ. RAP80 phase separation at DNA double-strand break promotes BRCA1 recruitment. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9733-9747. [PMID: 37638744 PMCID: PMC10570032 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RAP80 has been characterized as a component of the BRCA1-A complex and is responsible for the recruitment of BRCA1 to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, we and others found that the recruitment of RAP80 and BRCA1 were not absolutely temporally synchronized, indicating that other mechanisms, apart from physical interaction, might be implicated. Recently, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has been characterized as a novel mechanism for the organization of key signaling molecules to drive their particular cellular functions. Here, we characterized that RAP80 LLPS at DSB was required for RAP80-mediated BRCA1 recruitment. Both cellular and in vitro experiments showed that RAP80 phase separated at DSB, which was ascribed to a highly disordered region (IDR) at its N-terminal. Meanwhile, the Lys63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains that quickly formed after DSBs occur, strongly enhanced RAP80 phase separation and were responsible for the induction of RAP80 condensation at the DSB site. Most importantly, abolishing the condensation of RAP80 significantly suppressed the formation of BRCA1 foci, encovering a pivotal role of RAP80 condensates in BRCA1 recruitment and radiosensitivity. Together, our study disclosed a new mechanism underlying RAP80-mediated BRCA1 recruitment, which provided new insight into the role of phase separation in DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caolitao Qin
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Long Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ying Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Wen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Xi Zhu
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Mei Bai
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Ying Bie
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zeng
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Dong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xing Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Bo Wan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Juan Fan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
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27
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Chawla R, Tom JKA, Boyd T, Grotjahn DA, Park D, Deniz AA, Racki LR. Reentrant DNA shells tune polyphosphate condensate size. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557044. [PMID: 37745474 PMCID: PMC10515899 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The ancient, inorganic biopolymer polyphosphate (polyP) occurs in all three domains of life and affects myriad cellular processes. An intriguing feature of polyP is its frequent proximity to chromatin, and in the case of many bacteria, its occurrence in the form of magnesium-enriched condensates embedded in the nucleoid, particularly in response to stress. The physical basis of the interaction between polyP and DNA, two fundamental anionic biopolymers, and the resulting effects on the organization of both the nucleoid and polyP condensates remain poorly understood. Given the essential role of magnesium ions in the coordination of polymeric phosphate species, we hypothesized that a minimal system of polyP, magnesium ions, and DNA (polyP-Mg2+-DNA) would capture key features of the interplay between the condensates and bacterial chromatin. We find that DNA can profoundly affect polyP-Mg2+ coacervation even at concentrations several orders of magnitude lower than found in the cell. The DNA forms shells around polyP-Mg2+ condensates and these shells show reentrant behavior, primarily forming in the concentration range close to polyP-Mg2+ charge neutralization. This surface association tunes both condensate size and DNA morphology in a manner dependent on DNA properties, including length and concentration. Our work identifies three components that could form the basis of a central and tunable interaction hub that interfaces with cellular interactors. These studies will inform future efforts to understand the basis of polyP granule composition and consolidation, as well as the potential capacity of these mesoscale assemblies to remodel chromatin in response to diverse stressors at different length and time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tumara Boyd
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Danielle A. Grotjahn
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Donghyun Park
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ashok A. Deniz
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lisa R. Racki
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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28
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Wang B, Said N, Hilal T, Finazzo M, Wahl MC, Artsimovitch I. Transcription termination factor ρ polymerizes under stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.18.553922. [PMID: 37645988 PMCID: PMC10462130 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.18.553922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial RNA helicase ρ is a genome sentinel that terminates synthesis of damaged and junk RNAs that are not translated by the ribosome. Co-transcriptional RNA surveillance by ρ is essential for quality control of the transcriptome during optimal growth. However, it is unclear how bacteria protect their RNAs from overzealous ρ during dormancy or stress, conditions common in natural habitats. Here we used cryogenic electron microscopy, biochemical, and genetic approaches to show that residue substitutions, ADP, or ppGpp promote hyper-oligomerization of Escherichia coli ρ. Our results demonstrate that nucleotides bound at subunit interfaces control ρ switching from active hexamers to inactive higher-order oligomers and extended filaments. Polymers formed upon exposure to antibiotics or ppGpp disassemble when stress is relieved, thereby directly linking termination activity to cellular physiology. Inactivation of ρ through hyper-oligomerization is a regulatory strategy shared by RNA polymerases, ribosomes, and metabolic enzymes across all life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nelly Said
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tarek Hilal
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research Center of Electron Microscopy and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Fabeckstr. 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Finazzo
- Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Markus C. Wahl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular Crystallography, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Artsimovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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29
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Schumbera E, Mier P, Andrade-Navarro MA. Phase separating Rho: a widespread regulatory function of disordered regions in proteins revealed in bacteria. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:253. [PMID: 37344523 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schumbera
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pablo Mier
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miguel A Andrade-Navarro
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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30
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Pearce VH, Groisman EA, Townsend GE. Dietary sugars silence the master regulator of carbohydrate utilization in human gut Bacteroides species. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2221484. [PMID: 37358144 PMCID: PMC10294740 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2221484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiota is a critical human health determinant with therapeutic potential for remediation of many diseases. The host diet is a key factor governing the gut microbiota composition by altering nutrient availability and supporting the expansion of distinct microbial populations. Diets rich in simple sugars modify the abundance of microbial subsets, enriching for microbiotas that elicit pathogenic outcomes. We previously demonstrated that diets rich in fructose and glucose can reduce the fitness and abundance of a human gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, by silencing the production of a critical intestinal colonization protein, called Roc, via its mRNA leader through an unknown mechanism. We have now determined that dietary sugars silence Roc by reducing the activity of BT4338, a master regulator of carbohydrate utilization. Here, we demonstrate that BT4338 is required for Roc synthesis, and that BT4338 activity is silenced by glucose or fructose. We show that the consequences of glucose and fructose on orthologous transcription factors are conserved across human intestinal Bacteroides species. This work identifies a molecular pathway by which a common dietary additive alters microbial gene expression in the gut that could be harnessed to modulate targeted microbial populations for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H. Pearce
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Microbiome Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Groisman
- Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guy E. Townsend
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Microbiome Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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