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Liu C, Liu Y, Giannetti BF, de Almeida CMVB, Wei G, Sevegnani F, Yan X. Dynamics of ecosystem services and nonlinear responses to increased anthropogenic pressure. AMBIO 2024; 53:1649-1663. [PMID: 38871927 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Escalating global human activities elicit diverse ecosystem service responses, yet understanding remains limited. This study establishes a framework to clarify these responses, focusing on the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China. Analyzing 2000-2020 data, it calculates ecosystem service economic value and human footprint index. It introduces the ecosystem services response index and comprehensive responsiveness index to assess response characteristics and intensity to anthropogenic pressures. Results show a fluctuating decline in ecosystem services and an increase in anthropogenic pressures. There is a nonlinear relationship: ecosystem services decline with rising pressures, following a U-shaped trend. Notably, nonurban agglomerations experience more significant ecosystem service evolution than urban agglomerations due to differing environmental conditions. This highlights regional disparities in human activity impacts on ecosystems, crucial for planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaobin Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biagio Fernando Giannetti
- Laboratory of Production and Environment, Universidade Paulista, R. Dr Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, 04026-002, Brazil
| | | | - Guoen Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fábio Sevegnani
- Laboratory of Production and Environment, Universidade Paulista, R. Dr Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Xiaolu Yan
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute of Marine Sustainable Development, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Li L, He XZ, Zhang J, Bryant R, Hu A, Hou F. Concurrent and legacy effects of sheep trampling on soil organic carbon stocks in a typical steppe, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122121. [PMID: 39121623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Grazing plays a key role in ecosystem biogeochemistry, particularly soil carbon (C) pools. The non-trophic interactions between herbivores and soil processes through herbivore trampling have recently attracted extensive attention. However, their concurrent and legacy effects on the ecosystem properties and processes are still not clear, due to their effects being hard to separate via field experiments. In this study, we conducted a 2-year simulated-sheep-trampling experiment with four trampling intensity treatments (i.e., T0, T40, T80, and T120 for 0, 40, 80, and 120 hoofprints m-2, respectively) in a typical steppe to explore the concurrent and legacy effects of trampling on grassland ecosystem properties and processing. In 2017 (trampling treatment year), we found that trampling decreased aboveground biomass (AGB) of plant community and community-weighted mean shoot C concentration (CWM C), soil available nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P), but did not affect plant species diversity and belowground biomass (BGB). We show that compared with T0, trampling increased soil bulk density (BD) at T80, and decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. After the cessation of trampling for two years (i.e., in 2019), previous trampling increased plant diversity and BGB, reaching the highest values at T80, but decreased soil available N and available P. Compared with T0, previous trampling significantly increased soil BD at T120, while significantly decreased CWM C at T80 and T120, and reduced SOC stocks at T80. Compared with 2017, the trampling negative legacy effects amplified at T80 but weakened at T40 and T120. We also show that trampling-induced decreases in soil available N, AGB of Fabaceae and CWM C were the main predictors of decreasing SOC stocks in 2017, while previous trampling-induced legacy effects on soil available P, AGB of Poaceae and CWM C contributed to the variations of SOC stocks in 2019. Taken together, short-term trampling with low intensity could maintain most plant functions, while previous trampling with low intensity was beneficial to most plant and soil functions. The results of this study show that T40 caused by sheep managed at a stocking rate of 2.7 sheep ha-1 is most suitable for grassland adaptive management in the typical steppe. The ecosystem functions can be maintained under a high stocking rate through the process of providing enough time to rebuild sufficient vegetation cover and restore soil through measures such as regional rotational grazing and seasonal grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xiong Zhao He
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Racheal Bryant
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - An Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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Niu W, Ding J, Fu B, Zhao W, Han Y, Zhou A, Liu Y, Eldridge D. Ecosystem multifunctionality is more related to the indirect effects than to the direct effects of human management in China's drylands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122259. [PMID: 39180826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Drylands provide a wide range of important ecosystem functions but are sensitive to environmental changes, especially human management. Two major land use types of drylands are grasslands and croplands, which are influenced by intensive grazing activities and agricultural management, respectively. However, little is known about whether the ecosystem functioning of these two land use types is predominated affected by human management, or environmental factors (intrinsic environmental factors and factors modified by human management). This limits our understanding of the ecosystem functions under intensive human management in drylands. Here we reported a study where we collected data from 40 grassland and 30 cropland sites along an extensive aridity gradient in China's drylands to quantify the effects of human management intensity, intrinsic environmental factors (i.e., aridity), and environmental factors modified by human management (i.e., soil bulk density and plant density) on specific ecosystem functions (ecosystem multifunctionality, productivity, carbon storage, soil water, and soil nutrients). We found that the relative importance of each function differed between croplands and grasslands. Ecosystem functions varied with human management intensity, with lower productivity and plant carbon storage in grasslands under high grazing intensity than un-grazed, while multifunctionality and carbon storage increased with greater fertilization only in arid croplands. Furthermore, among environmental factors, soil bulk density had the greatest negative effects, which directly reduced multifunctionality in grasslands and indirectly reduced multifunctionality in croplands via suppressing crop density. Crop density was the major environmental factor that positively related to multifunctionality in croplands. However, these effects would be exacerbated with increasing aridity. Our study demonstrated that compared with the direct impacts of human management, environmental factors modified by human management (e.g., soil bulk density) are the major drivers of ecosystem functions, indicating that improving soil structure by alleviating human interferences (e.g., reducing livestock trampling) would be an effective way to restore ecosystem functions in drylands under global warming and drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jingyi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - David Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2125, Australia
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Yan ZZ, Hu HW, Xiong C, Peleg AY, Chen QL, Sáez-Sandino T, Maestre F, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Singh BK. Environmental microbiome, human fungal pathogens, and antimicrobial resistance. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00215-4. [PMID: 39304419 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, antifungal resistance (AFR) has received much less attention compared with bacterial resistance to antibiotics. However, global changes, pandemics, and emerging new fungal infections have highlighted global health consequences of AFR. The recent report of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has identified fungal priority pathogens, and recognised AFR among the greatest global health threats. This is particularly important given the significant increase in fungal infections linked to climate change and pandemics. Environmental factors play critical roles in AFR and fungal infections, as many clinically relevant fungal pathogens and AFR originate from the environment (mainly soil). In addition, the environment serves as a potential rich source for the discovery of new antifungal agents, including mycoviruses and bacterial probiotics, which hold promise for effective therapies. In this article, we summarise the environmental pathways of AFR development and spread among high priority fungal pathogens, and propose potential mechanisms of AFR development and spread. We identify a research priority list to address key knowledge gaps in our understanding of environmental AFR. Further, we propose an integrated roadmap for predictive risk management of AFR that is critical for effective surveillance and forecasting of public health outcomes under current and future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Yan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Ecosystem Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Xiong
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tadeo Sáez-Sandino
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Fernando Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.
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5
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Wei L, Wang Y, Li N, Zhao N, Xu S. Bacteria-Like Gaiella Accelerate Soil Carbon Loss by Decomposing Organic Matter of Grazing Soils in Alpine Meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:104. [PMID: 39110233 PMCID: PMC11306262 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have significant potential for storing soil carbon, which is important to global carbon sequestration. Grazing is a major threat to its potential for carbon sequestration. However, grazing poses a major threat to this potential by speeding up the breakdown of organic matter in the soil and releasing carbon, which may further lead to positive carbon-climate change feedback and threaten ecological security. Therefore, in order to accurately explore the driving mechanism and regulatory factors of soil organic matter decomposition in grazing alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we took the grazing sample plots of typical alpine meadows as the research object and set up grazing intensities of different life cycles, aiming to explore the relationship and main regulatory factors of grazing on soil organic matter decomposition and soil microorganisms. The results show the following: (1) soil microorganisms, especially Acidobacteria and Acidobacteria, drove the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, thereby accelerating the release of soil carbon, which was not conducive to soil carbon sequestration in grassland; (2) the grazing triggering effect formed a positive feedback with soil microbial carbon release, accelerating the decomposition of organic matter and soil carbon loss; and (3) the grazing ban and light grazing were more conducive to slowing down soil organic matter decomposition and increasing soil carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem, Qinghai, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.
- Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem, Qinghai, China.
| | - Shixiao Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.
- Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem, Qinghai, China.
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6
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MacDougall AS, Esch E, Chen Q, Carroll O, Bonner C, Ohlert T, Siewert M, Sulik J, Schweiger AK, Borer ET, Naidu D, Bagchi S, Hautier Y, Wilfahrt P, Larson K, Olofsson J, Cleland E, Muthukrishnan R, O'Halloran L, Alberti J, Anderson TM, Arnillas CA, Bakker JD, Barrio IC, Biederman L, Boughton EH, Brudvig LA, Bruschetti M, Buckley Y, Bugalho MN, Cadotte MW, Caldeira MC, Catford JA, D'Antonio C, Davies K, Daleo P, Dickman CR, Donohue I, DuPre ME, Elgersma K, Eisenhauer N, Eskelinen A, Estrada C, Fay PA, Feng Y, Gruner DS, Hagenah N, Haider S, Harpole WS, Hersch-Green E, Jentsch A, Kirkman K, Knops JMH, Laanisto L, Lannes LS, Laungani R, Lkhagva A, Macek P, Martina JP, McCulley RL, Melbourne B, Mitchell R, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Muraina TO, Niu Y, Pärtel M, Peri PL, Power SA, Price JN, Prober SM, Ren Z, Risch AC, Smith NG, Sonnier G, Standish RJ, Stevens CJ, Tedder M, Tognetti P, Veen GFC, Virtanen R, Wardle GM, Waring E, Wolf AA, Yahdjian L, Seabloom EW. Widening global variability in grassland biomass since the 1980s. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02500-x. [PMID: 39103674 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Global change is associated with variable shifts in the annual production of aboveground plant biomass, suggesting localized sensitivities with unclear causal origins. Combining remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index data since the 1980s with contemporary field data from 84 grasslands on 6 continents, we show a widening divergence in site-level biomass ranging from +51% to -34% globally. Biomass generally increased in warmer, wetter and species-rich sites with longer growing seasons and declined in species-poor arid areas. Phenological changes were widespread, revealing substantive transitions in grassland seasonal cycling. Grazing, nitrogen deposition and plant invasion were prevalent in some regions but did not predict overall trends. Grasslands are undergoing sizable changes in production, with implications for food security, biodiversity and carbon storage especially in arid regions where declines are accelerating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ellen Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Oliver Carroll
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Bonner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthias Siewert
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John Sulik
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna K Schweiger
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Dilip Naidu
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Keith Larson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elsa Cleland
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Lydia O'Halloran
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos A Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Martin Bruschetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yvonne Buckley
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carla D'Antonio
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kendi Davies
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Christopher R Dickman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Donohue
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Philip A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Yanhao Feng
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erika Hersch-Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kevin Kirkman
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Jiatong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Chair of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lucíola S Lannes
- Department of Biology and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University UNESP, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - Ramesh Laungani
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | | | - Petr Macek
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jason P Martina
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brett Melbourne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rachel Mitchell
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environment Research, Department of Energy Environment and Climate Action, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taofeek O Muraina
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igbo-Ora, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pablo L Peri
- INTA-UNPA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia, Rìo Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jodi N Price
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Prober
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Zhengwei Ren
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Michelle Tedder
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Pedro Tognetti
- IFEVA Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Waring
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Amelia A Wolf
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- IFEVA Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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7
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Qian Y, Jin Y, Han X, Malik K, Li C, Yu B. Effects of Grazing and Leaf Spot Disease on the Structure and Diversity of Phyllosphere Microbiome Communities in Leymus chinensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2128. [PMID: 39124246 PMCID: PMC11313783 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Leymus chinensis is a high-quality forage with wide distribution. Disease is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of L. chinensis. To investigate the effect of grazing on the phyllosphere microbiome community and leaf spot disease in L. chinensis, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the differences in the composition and structure of the phyllosphere fungal and bacterial communities of healthy and diseased leaves under different grazing intensities. The results showed that grazing significantly reduced leaf spot disease incidence and severity. There were significant differences in the phyllosphere microbiome composition between healthy and diseased leaves, and interestingly, diseased leaves showed more complex microbial activity. Grazing altered the relative abundance of micro-organisms and affected microbial dispersal and colonization either directly through behavior or indirectly by altering plant community structure. In this study, we found that the phyllosphere microbiome responded strongly to pathogen infection, and that plants recruited beneficial microbes to protect themselves after disease development. Grazing could regulate microbial community composition and structure, either directly or indirectly, and plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of L. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Qian
- Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.J.); (K.M.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xinyao Han
- Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Kamran Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.J.); (K.M.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.Q.); (X.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.J.); (K.M.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Binhua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.J.); (K.M.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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8
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Wang B, Wang S, Wu L, Wu Y, Wang S, Bai Y, Chen D. Temporal asynchrony of plant and soil biota determines ecosystem multifunctional stability. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17483. [PMID: 39171768 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The role of plant biodiversity in stabilizing ecosystem multifunctionality has been extensively studied; however, the impact of soil biota biodiversity on ecosystem multifunctional stability, particularly under multiple environmental changes, remains unexplored. By conducting an experiment with environmental changes (adding water and nitrogen to a long-term grazing experiment) and an experiment without environmental changes (an undisturbed site) in semi-arid grasslands, our research revealed that environmental changes-induced changes in temporal stability of both above- and belowground multifunctionality were mainly impacted by plant and soil biota asynchrony, rather than by species diversity. Furthermore, changes in temporal stability of above- and belowground multifunctionality, under both experiments with and without environmental changes, were mainly associated with plant and soil biota asynchrony, respectively, suggesting that the temporal asynchrony of plant and soil biota has independent and non-substitutable effects on multifunctional stability. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering both above- and belowground biodiversity or functions when evaluating the stabilizing effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shuaifei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liji Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dima Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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9
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Canelo T, Marquina D, Chozas S, Bergsten J, Gaytán Á, Pérez-Izquierdo C, Bonal R. Effects of livestock on arthropod biodiversity in Iberian holm oak savannas revealed by metabarcoding. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121619. [PMID: 38963962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing food production while avoiding negative impacts on biodiversity constitutes one of the main challenges of our time. Traditional silvopastoral systems like Iberian oak savannas ("dehesas") set an example, where free-range livestock has been reared for centuries while preserving a high natural value. Nevertheless, factors decreasing productivity need to be addressed, one being acorn losses provoked by pest insects. An increased and focalized grazing by livestock on infested acorns would kill the larvae inside and decrease pest numbers, but increased livestock densities could have undesired side effects on ground arthropod communities as a whole. We designed an experimental setup including areas under trees with livestock exclosures of different ages (short-term: 1-year exclusion, long-term: 10-year exclusion), along with controls (continuous grazing), using DNA metabarcoding (mitochondrial markers COI and 16S) to rapidly assess arthropod communities' composition. Livestock removal quickly increased grass cover and arthropod taxonomic richness and diversity, which was already higher in short-term (1-year exclosures) than beneath the canopies of control trees. Interestingly, arthropod diversity was not highest at long-term exclosures (≥10 years), although their community composition was the most distinct. Also, regardless of treatment, we found that functional diversity strongly correlated with the vegetation structure, being higher at trees beneath which there was higher grass cover and taller herbs. Overall, the taxonomic diversity peak at short term exclosures would support the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, which relates it with the higher microhabitat heterogeneity at moderately disturbed areas. Thus, we propose a rotatory livestock management in dehesas: plots with increased grazing should co-exist with temporal short-term exclosures. Ideally, a few long-term excluded areas should be also kept for the singularity of their arthropod communities. This strategy would make possible the combination of biological pest control and arthropod conservation in Iberian dehesas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Canelo
- Dpto. Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal. Grupo de Investigación Forestal, INDEHESA, Centro Universitario de Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600, Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Daniel Marquina
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergio Chozas
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute. FCUL: Sciences Faculty of the University of Lisbon Campo Grande, Portugal
| | - Johannes Bergsten
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Álvaro Gaytán
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez-Izquierdo
- Dpto. Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal. Grupo de Investigación Forestal, INDEHESA, Centro Universitario de Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600, Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raúl Bonal
- Dpto. Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal. Grupo de Investigación Forestal, INDEHESA, Centro Universitario de Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600, Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain; Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution. Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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10
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Gross N, Maestre FT, Liancourt P, Berdugo M, Martin R, Gozalo B, Ochoa V, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maire V, Saiz H, Soliveres S, Valencia E, Eldridge DJ, Guirado E, Jabot F, Asensio S, Gaitán JJ, García-Gómez M, Martínez P, Martínez-Valderrama J, Mendoza BJ, Moreno-Jiménez E, Pescador DS, Plaza C, Pijuan IS, Abedi M, Ahumada RJ, Amghar F, Arroyo AI, Bahalkeh K, Bailey L, Ben Salem F, Blaum N, Boldgiv B, Bowker MA, Branquinho C, van den Brink L, Bu C, Canessa R, Castillo-Monroy ADP, Castro H, Castro P, Chibani R, Conceição AA, Darrouzet-Nardi A, Davila YC, Deák B, Donoso DA, Durán J, Espinosa C, Fajardo A, Farzam M, Ferrante D, Franzese J, Fraser L, Gonzalez S, Gusman-Montalvan E, Hernández-Hernández RM, Hölzel N, Huber-Sannwald E, Jadan O, Jeltsch F, Jentsch A, Ju M, Kaseke KF, Kindermann L, le Roux P, Linstädter A, Louw MA, Mabaso M, Maggs-Kölling G, Makhalanyane TP, Issa OM, Manzaneda AJ, Marais E, Margerie P, Hughes FM, Messeder JVS, Mora JP, Moreno G, Munson SM, Nunes A, Oliva G, Oñatibia GR, Peter G, Pueyo Y, Quiroga RE, Ramírez-Iglesias E, Reed SC, Rey PJ, Reyes Gómez VM, Rodríguez A, Rolo V, Rubalcaba JG, Ruppert JC, Sala O, Salah A, Sebei PJ, Stavi I, Stephens C, Teixido AL, Thomas AD, Throop HL, Tielbörger K, Travers S, Undrakhbold S, Val J, Valkó O, Velbert F, Wamiti W, Wang L, Wang D, Wardle GM, Wolff P, Yahdjian L, Yari R, Zaady E, Zeberio JM, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y. Unforeseen plant phenotypic diversity in a dry and grazed world. Nature 2024; 632:808-814. [PMID: 39112697 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Earth harbours an extraordinary plant phenotypic diversity1 that is at risk from ongoing global changes2,3. However, it remains unknown how increasing aridity and livestock grazing pressure-two major drivers of global change4-6-shape the trait covariation that underlies plant phenotypic diversity1,7. Here we assessed how covariation among 20 chemical and morphological traits responds to aridity and grazing pressure within global drylands. Our analysis involved 133,769 trait measurements spanning 1,347 observations of 301 perennial plant species surveyed across 326 plots from 6 continents. Crossing an aridity threshold of approximately 0.7 (close to the transition between semi-arid and arid zones) led to an unexpected 88% increase in trait diversity. This threshold appeared in the presence of grazers, and moved toward lower aridity levels with increasing grazing pressure. Moreover, 57% of observed trait diversity occurred only in the most arid and grazed drylands, highlighting the phenotypic uniqueness of these extreme environments. Our work indicates that drylands act as a global reservoir of plant phenotypic diversity and challenge the pervasive view that harsh environmental conditions reduce plant trait diversity8-10. They also highlight that many alternative strategies may enable plants to cope with increases in environmental stress induced by climate change and land-use intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Medio Natural, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Santiago Soliveres
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emilio Guirado
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Franck Jabot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Asensio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan J Gaitán
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Suelos-CNIA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel García-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Morfología del Terreno, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez-Valderrama
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Betty J Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David S Pescador
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Santaolaria Pijuan
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Rodrigo J Ahumada
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Fateh Amghar
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Biodiversité, Biotechnologie, Environnement et Développement Durable (BioDev), Faculté des Sciences, Université M'hamed Bougara de Boumerdès, Boumerdès, Algérie
| | | | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Lydia Bailey
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Farah Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Promotion of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Micro-Organisms, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA) Médenine, University of Gabes, Zrig Eddakhlania, Tunisia
| | - Niels Blaum
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bazartseren Boldgiv
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Matthew A Bowker
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- ECOBIOSIS, Departmento of Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Chongfeng Bu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Helena Castro
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patricio Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Grupo de Agroforestería, Manejo y Conservación del Paisaje, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Roukaya Chibani
- Laboratory of Eremology and Combating Desertification, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA) Médenine, University of Gabes, Zrig Eddakhlania, Tunisia
| | - Abel Augusto Conceição
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brasil
| | | | - Yvonne C Davila
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Balázs Deák
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - David A Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Durán
- Misión Biolóxica de Galicia, CSIC, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carlos Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- Limits of Life (LiLi), Instituto Milenio, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mohammad Farzam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Franzese
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquen, Argentina
| | - Lauchlan Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sofía Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquen, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Gusman-Montalvan
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Rosa Mary Hernández-Hernández
- Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT); Centro de Estudios de Agroecología Tropical (CEDAT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Oswaldo Jadan
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Grupo de Agroforestería, Manejo y Conservación del Paisaje, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mengchen Ju
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Kudzai F Kaseke
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Liana Kindermann
- Biodiversity Research, Systematic Botany Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anja Linstädter
- Biodiversity Research, Systematic Botany Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle A Louw
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mancha Mabaso
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, DSI/NRF SARChI in Marine Microbiomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Oumarou Malam Issa
- Institut d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris Est Creteil, Université de Paris, Centre IRD de France Nord, Bondy, France
| | - Antonio J Manzaneda
- Departamento Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Eugene Marais
- Gobabeb, Namib Research Institute, Walvis Bay, Namibia
| | - Pierre Margerie
- Normandie Universite, UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV, Rouen, France
| | - Frederic Mendes Hughes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia and Conselho de Curadores das Coleções Científicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Brazil
| | - João Vitor S Messeder
- Biology Department and Ecology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Juan P Mora
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Forestry School, INDEHESA, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Seth M Munson
- Southwest Biological Science Center, US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Alice Nunes
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Oliva
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Gaston R Oñatibia
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Peter
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CEANPa, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Pueyo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Emiliano Quiroga
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Catamarca, Argentina
- Cátedra de Manejo de Pastizales Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | | | - Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Pedro J Rey
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra de Andalucía, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | - Victor Rolo
- Forestry School, INDEHESA, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Juan G Rubalcaba
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan C Ruppert
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Sala
- Global Drylands Center,School of Life Sciences and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Phokgedi Julius Sebei
- Mara Research Station, Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Ilan Stavi
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Yotvata, Israel
| | - Colton Stephens
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alberto L Teixido
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew D Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Heather L Throop
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Samantha Travers
- Department of Planning and Environment, Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sainbileg Undrakhbold
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - James Val
- Department of Planning and Environment, Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Orsolya Valkó
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Frederike Velbert
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wanyoike Wamiti
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis (IUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Wolff
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Reza Yari
- Forest and Rangeland Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Eli Zaady
- Gilat Research Center, Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Juan Manuel Zeberio
- CEANPa, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Yuanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Lewin A, Murali G, Rachmilevitch S, Roll U. Global evaluation of current and future threats to drylands and their vertebrate biodiversity. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1448-1458. [PMID: 38965413 PMCID: PMC11310083 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Drylands are often overlooked in broad conservation frameworks and development priorities and face increasing threats from human activities. Here we evaluated the formal degree of protection of global drylands, their land vertebrate biodiversity and current threats, and projected human-induced land-use changes to drylands under different future climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. Overall, drylands have lower protected-area coverage (12%) compared to non-drylands (21%). Consequently, most dryland vertebrates including many endemic and narrow-ranging species are inadequately protected (0-2% range coverage). Dryland vertebrates are threatened by varied anthropogenic factors-including agricultural and infrastructure development (that is, artificial structures, surfaces, roads and industrial sites). Alarmingly, by 2100 drylands are projected to experience some degree of land conversion in 95-100% of their current natural habitat due to urban, agricultural and alternative energy expansion. This loss of undisturbed dryland regions is expected across different socioeconomic pathways, even under optimistic scenarios characterized by progressive climate policies and moderate socioeconomic trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Lewin
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - Gopal Murali
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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12
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Martins CSC, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Jayaramaiah RH, Tao D, Wang JT, Sáez-Sandino T, Liu H, Maestre FT, Reich PB, Singh BK. Aboveground and belowground biodiversity have complementary effects on ecosystem functions across global grasslands. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002736. [PMID: 39141639 PMCID: PMC11324184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Grasslands are integral to maintaining biodiversity and key ecosystem services and are under threat from climate change. Plant and soil microbial diversity, and their interactions, support the provision of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, it remains virtually unknown whether plant and soil microbial diversity explain a unique portion of total variation or shared contributions to supporting multifunctionality across global grasslands. Here, we combine results from a global survey of 101 grasslands with a novel microcosm study, controlling for both plant and soil microbial diversity to identify their individual and interactive contribution to support multifunctionality under aridity and experimental drought. We found that plant and soil microbial diversity independently predict a unique portion of total variation in above- and belowground functioning, suggesting that both types of biodiversity complement each other. Interactions between plant and soil microbial diversity positively impacted multifunctionality including primary production and nutrient storage. Our findings were also climate context dependent, since soil fungal diversity was positively associated with multifunctionality in less arid regions, while plant diversity was strongly and positively linked to multifunctionality in more arid regions. Our results highlight the need to conserve both above- and belowground diversity to sustain grassland multifunctionality in a drier world and indicate climate change may shift the relative contribution of plant and soil biodiversity to multifunctionality across global grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Dongxue Tao
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Tadeo Sáez-Sandino
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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13
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Maestre FT, Biancari L, Chen N, Corrochano-Monsalve M, Jenerette GD, Nelson C, Shilula KN, Shpilkina Y. Research needs on the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship in drylands. NPJ BIODIVERSITY 2024; 3:12. [PMID: 39242863 PMCID: PMC11332164 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-024-00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Research carried out in drylands over the last decade has provided major insights on the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship (BEFr) and about how biodiversity interacts with other important factors, such as climate and soil properties, to determine ecosystem functioning and services. Despite this, there are important gaps in our understanding of the BEFr in drylands that should be addressed by future research. In this perspective we highlight some of these gaps, which include: 1) the need to study the BEFr in bare soils devoid of perennial vascular vegetation and biocrusts, a major feature of dryland ecosystems, 2) evaluating how intra-specific trait variability, a key but understudied facet of functional diversity, modulate the BEFr, 3) addressing the influence of biotic interactions on the BEFr, including plant-animal interactions and those between microorganisms associated to biocrusts, 4) studying how differences in species-area relationships and beta diversity are associated with ecosystem functioning, and 5) considering the role of temporal variability and human activities, both present and past, particularly those linked to land use (e.g., grazing) and urbanization. Tackling these gaps will not only advance our comprehension of the BEFr but will also bolster the effectiveness of management and ecological restoration strategies, crucial for safeguarding dryland ecosystems and the livelihoods of their inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lucio Biancari
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
- Cátedra de Ecología, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Ning Chen
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, No.222, Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Mario Corrochano-Monsalve
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - G Darrel Jenerette
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Corey Nelson
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Kaarina N Shilula
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Yelyzaveta Shpilkina
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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14
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Sasaki T, Berdugo M, Kinugasa T, Batdelger G, Baasandai E, Eisenhauer N. Aridity-dependent shifts in biodiversity-stability relationships but not in underlying mechanisms. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17365. [PMID: 38864217 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Climate change will affect the way biodiversity influences the stability of plant communities. Although biodiversity, associated species asynchrony, and species stability could enhance community stability, the understanding of potential nonlinear shifts in the biodiversity-stability relationship across a wide range of aridity (measured as the aridity index, the precipitation/potential evapotranspiration ratio) gradients and the underlying mechanisms remain limited. Using an 8-year dataset from 687 sites in Mongolia, which included 5496 records of vegetation and productivity, we found that the temporal stability of plant communities decreased more rapidly in more arid areas than in less arid areas. The result suggests that future aridification across terrestrial ecosystems may adversely affect community stability. Additionally, we identified nonlinear shifts in the effects of species richness and species synchrony on temporal community stability along the aridity gradient. Species synchrony was a primary driver of community stability, which was consistently negatively affected by species richness while being positively affected by the synchrony between C3 and C4 species across the aridity gradient. These results highlight the crucial role of C4 species in stabilizing communities through differential responses to interannual climate variations between C3 and C4 species. Notably, species richness and the synchrony between C3 and C4 species independently regulated species synchrony, ultimately affecting community stability. We propose that maintaining plant communities with a high diversity of C3 and C4 species will be key to enhancing community stability across Mongolian grasslands. Moreover, species synchrony, species stability, species richness and the synchrony between C3 and C4 species across the aridity gradient consistently mediated the impacts of aridity on community stability. Hence, strategies aimed at promoting the maintenance of biological diversity and composition will help ecosystems adapt to climate change or mitigate its adverse effects on ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environment Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gantsetseg Batdelger
- Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IRIMHE) of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Erdenetsetseg Baasandai
- Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IRIMHE) of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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15
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Gough CM, Buma B, Jentsch A, Mathes KC, Fahey RT. Disturbance theory for ecosystem ecologists: A primer. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11403. [PMID: 38826158 PMCID: PMC11139967 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding what regulates ecosystem functional responses to disturbance is essential in this era of global change. However, many pioneering and still influential disturbance-related theorie proposed by ecosystem ecologists were developed prior to rapid global change, and before tools and metrics were available to test them. In light of new knowledge and conceptual advances across biological disciplines, we present four disturbance ecology concepts that are particularly relevant to ecosystem ecologists new to the field: (a) the directionality of ecosystem functional response to disturbance; (b) functional thresholds; (c) disturbance-succession interactions; and (d) diversity-functional stability relationships. We discuss how knowledge, theory, and terminology developed by several biological disciplines, when integrated, can enhance how ecosystem ecologists analyze and interpret functional responses to disturbance. For example, when interpreting thresholds and disturbance-succession interactions, ecosystem ecologists should consider concurrent biotic regime change, non-linearity, and multiple response pathways, typically the theoretical and analytical domain of population and community ecologists. Similarly, the interpretation of ecosystem functional responses to disturbance requires analytical approaches that recognize disturbance can promote, inhibit, or fundamentally change ecosystem functions. We suggest that truly integrative approaches and knowledge are essential to advancing ecosystem functional responses to disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Gough
- Department of Biology, College of Humanities & SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Brian Buma
- Environmental Defense FundBoulderColoradoUSA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Colorado DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Kayla C. Mathes
- Department of Biology, College of Humanities & SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Robert T. Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment & Center for Environmental Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
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16
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Case MF, Davies KW, Boyd CS, Aoyama L, Merson J, Penkauskas C, Hallett LM. Cross-scale analysis reveals interacting predictors of annual and perennial cover in Northern Great Basin rangelands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2953. [PMID: 38558271 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Exotic annual grass invasion is a widespread threat to the integrity of sagebrush ecosystems in Western North America. Although many predictors of annual grass prevalence and native perennial vegetation have been identified, there remains substantial uncertainty about how regional-scale and local-scale predictors interact to determine vegetation heterogeneity, and how associations between vegetation and cattle grazing vary with environmental context. Here, we conducted a regionally extensive, one-season field survey across burned and unburned, grazed, public lands in Oregon and Idaho, with plots stratified by aspect and distance to water within pastures to capture variation in environmental context and grazing intensity. We analyzed regional-scale and local-scale patterns of annual grass, perennial grass, and shrub cover, and examined to what extent plot-level variation was contingent on pasture-level predictions of site favorability. Annual grasses were widespread at burned and unburned sites alike, contrary to assumptions of annual grasses depending on fire, and more common at lower elevations and higher temperatures regionally, as well as on warmer slopes locally. Pasture-level grazing pressure interacted with temperature such that annual grass cover was associated positively with grazing pressure at higher temperatures but associated negatively with grazing pressure at lower temperatures. This suggests that pasture-level temperature and grazing relationships with annual grass abundance are complex and context dependent, although the causality of this relationship deserves further examination. At the plot-level within pastures, annual grass cover did not vary with grazing metrics, but perennial cover did; perennial grasses, for example, had lower cover closer to water sources, but higher cover at higher dung counts within a pasture, suggesting contrasting interpretations of these two grazing proxies. Importantly for predictions of ecosystem response to temperature change, we found that pasture-level and plot-level favorability interacted: perennial grasses had a higher plot-level cover on cooler slopes, and this difference across topography was starkest in pastures that were less favorable for perennial grasses regionally. Understanding the mechanisms behind cross-scale interactions and contingent responses of vegetation to grazing in these increasingly invaded ecosystems will be critical to land management in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon F Case
- US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Kirk W Davies
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Oregon, USA
| | - Chad S Boyd
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Oregon, USA
| | - Lina Aoyama
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Joanna Merson
- InfoGraphics Lab, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Calvin Penkauskas
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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17
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de Celis M, Fernández-Alonso MJ, Belda I, García C, Ochoa-Hueso R, Palomino J, Singh BK, Yin Y, Wang JT, Abdala-Roberts L, Alfaro FD, Angulo-Pérez D, Arthikala MK, Corwin J, Gui-Lan D, Hernandez-Lopez A, Nanjareddy K, Pasari B, Quijano-Medina T, Rivera DS, Shaaf S, Trivedi P, Yang Q, Zaady E, Zhu YG, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Milla R, García-Palacios P. The abundant fraction of soil microbiomes regulates the rhizosphere function in crop wild progenitors. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14462. [PMID: 39031813 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The rhizosphere influence on the soil microbiome and function of crop wild progenitors (CWPs) remains virtually unknown, despite its relevance to develop microbiome-oriented tools in sustainable agriculture. Here, we quantified the rhizosphere influence-a comparison between rhizosphere and bulk soil samples-on bacterial, fungal, protists and invertebrate communities and on soil multifunctionality across nine CWPs at their sites of origin. Overall, rhizosphere influence was higher for abundant taxa across the four microbial groups and had a positive influence on rhizosphere soil organic C and nutrient contents compared to bulk soils. The rhizosphere influence on abundant soil microbiomes was more important for soil multifunctionality than rare taxa and environmental conditions. Our results are a starting point towards the use of CWPs for rhizosphere engineering in modern crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Celis
- Departamento de Suelo, Planta y Calidad Ambiental, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Fernández-Alonso
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Belda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos García
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Palomino
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Fernando D Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Angulo-Pérez
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jason Corwin
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Duan Gui-Lan
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Lopez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Babak Pasari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Daniela S Rivera
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Salar Shaaf
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Qingwen Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eli Zaady
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Mobile Post Negev, Israel
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rubén Milla
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Suelo, Planta y Calidad Ambiental, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Hao X, Yang J, Dong S, He F, Zhang Y. The influence of grazing intensity on soil organic carbon storage in grassland of China: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171439. [PMID: 38438023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Grazing can potentially affect grassland soil carbon storage through selective feeding, trampling and fecal excretion of livestock. The numerous case studies and a few meta-analyses have focused on grazing-induced changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, but the effects of grazing on SOC in major grassland types of China are not clear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to identify the impact of grazing on soil carbon in China. We found that the key factors affecting the SOC content of grazing grasslands is grazing intensity. Heavy grazing (HG) significantly decreased the SOC content by 7.5 % in major grassland types of China (95 % confidence interval (CI), -11.43 % to -3.57 %, P < 0.001). The SOC content in temperate desert steppes (7.22 %), temperate meadow-steppes (10.89 %) under heavy grazing (HG) showed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. HG resulted in significant (P < 0.01) decreases in SOC content (6.91 %) of Kastanoze. Our study highlighted that formulating rational grazing strategies according to grassland and soil types was the key to increasing SOC storage and sequestration under climate change and increased human pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Hao
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juejie Yang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fengcai He
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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19
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Eldridge DJ, Ding J, Dorrough J, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Sala O, Gross N, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Mallen-Cooper M, Saiz H, Asensio S, Ochoa V, Gozalo B, Guirado E, García-Gómez M, Valencia E, Martínez-Valderrama J, Plaza C, Abedi M, Ahmadian N, Ahumada RJ, Alcántara JM, Amghar F, Azevedo L, Ben Salem F, Berdugo M, Blaum N, Boldgiv B, Bowker M, Bran D, Bu C, Canessa R, Castillo-Monroy AP, Castro I, Castro-Quezada P, Cesarz S, Chibani R, Conceição AA, Darrouzet-Nardi A, Davila YC, Deák B, Díaz-Martínez P, Donoso DA, Dougill AD, Durán J, Eisenhauer N, Ejtehadi H, Espinosa CI, Fajardo A, Farzam M, Foronda A, Franzese J, Fraser LH, Gaitán J, Geissler K, Gonzalez SL, Gusman-Montalvan E, Hernández RM, Hölzel N, Hughes FM, Jadan O, Jentsch A, Ju M, Kaseke KF, Köbel M, Lehmann A, Liancourt P, Linstädter A, Louw MA, Ma Q, Mabaso M, Maggs-Kölling G, Makhalanyane TP, Issa OM, Marais E, McClaran M, Mendoza B, Mokoka V, Mora JP, Moreno G, Munson S, Nunes A, Oliva G, Oñatibia GR, Osborne B, Peter G, Pierre M, Pueyo Y, Emiliano Quiroga R, Reed S, Rey A, Rey P, Gómez VMR, Rolo V, Rillig MC, le Roux PC, Ruppert JC, Salah A, Sebei PJ, Sharkhuu A, Stavi I, Stephens C, Teixido AL, Thomas AD, Tielbörger K, Robles ST, Travers S, Valkó O, van den Brink L, Velbert F, von Heßberg A, Wamiti W, Wang D, Wang L, Wardle GM, Yahdjian L, Zaady E, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Maestre FT. Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:760-770. [PMID: 38609675 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Perennial plants create productive and biodiverse hotspots, known as fertile islands, beneath their canopies. These hotspots largely determine the structure and functioning of drylands worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the factors controlling fertile islands under conditions of contrasting grazing by livestock, the most prevalent land use in drylands, remain virtually unknown. Here we evaluated the relative importance of grazing pressure and herbivore type, climate and plant functional traits on 24 soil physical and chemical attributes that represent proxies of key ecosystem services related to decomposition, soil fertility, and soil and water conservation. To do this, we conducted a standardized global survey of 288 plots at 88 sites in 25 countries worldwide. We show that aridity and plant traits are the major factors associated with the magnitude of plant effects on fertile islands in grazed drylands worldwide. Grazing pressure had little influence on the capacity of plants to support fertile islands. Taller and wider shrubs and grasses supported stronger island effects. Stable and functional soils tended to be linked to species-rich sites with taller plants. Together, our findings dispel the notion that grazing pressure or herbivore type are linked to the formation or intensification of fertile islands in drylands. Rather, our study suggests that changes in aridity, and processes that alter island identity and therefore plant traits, will have marked effects on how perennial plants support and maintain the functioning of drylands in a more arid and grazed world.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jingyi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Josh Dorrough
- Department of Planning and Environment, Merimbula, New South Wales, Australia
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Sala
- Schools of Life Sciences, School of Sustainability, and Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Max Mallen-Cooper
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Medio Natural, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Sergio Asensio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emilio Guirado
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Morfología del Terreno, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Valencia
- Departmento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez-Valderrama
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA), CSIC, Campus UAL, Almería, Spain
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Negar Ahmadian
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Rodrigo J Ahumada
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Valle Viejo, Argentina
| | - Julio M Alcántara
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra de Andalucía, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Fateh Amghar
- Laboratoire Biodiversité, Biotechnologie, Environnement et Développement Durable (Biodev), Université M'hamed Bougara de Boumerdès, Boumerdès, Algeria
| | - Luísa Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Farah Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Eremology and Combating Desertification (LR16IRA01), IRA, Institut des Régions Arides Medenine, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Departmento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels Blaum
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bazartseren Boldgiv
- Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Matthew Bowker
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Donaldo Bran
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Chongfeng Bu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea P Castillo-Monroy
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Evolutiva en los Trópicos-EETROP- Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ignacio Castro
- Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Simón Rodríguez, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Patricio Castro-Quezada
- Grupo de Ecología Forestal y Agroecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Agronomía, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roukaya Chibani
- Laboratory of Eremology and Combating Desertification (LR16IRA01), IRA, Institut des Régions Arides Medenine, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Abel Augusto Conceição
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | | | - Yvonne C Davila
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Balázs Deák
- HUN-REN 'Lendület' Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Paloma Díaz-Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David A Donoso
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Evolutiva en los Trópicos-EETROP- Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Jorge Durán
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hamid Ejtehadi
- Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Carlos Ivan Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Mohammad Farzam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ana Foronda
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorgelina Franzese
- Investigaciones de Ecología en Ambientes Antropizados, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Lauchlan H Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juan Gaitán
- Universidad Nacional de Luján-CONICET, Luján, Argentina
| | - Katja Geissler
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sofía Laura Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | | | - Rosa Mary Hernández
- Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Simón Rodríguez, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frederic Mendes Hughes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Jadan
- Grupo de Ecología Forestal y Agroecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Agronomía, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mengchen Ju
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Kudzai F Kaseke
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Köbel
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anja Linstädter
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michelle A Louw
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Quanhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Mancha Mabaso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Oumarou Malam Issa
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, SU/IRD/CNRS/INRAE/UPEC, Bondy, France
| | - Eugene Marais
- Gobabeb - Namib Research Institute, Walvis Bay, Namibia
| | - Mitchel McClaran
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Betty Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Vincent Mokoka
- Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Limpopo, Mankweng, South Africa
| | - Juan P Mora
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- INDEHESA, Forestry School, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Seth Munson
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Alice Nunes
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Oliva
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Gastón R Oñatibia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Brooke Osborne
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Guadalupe Peter
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia (CEANPa), CONICET, Viedma, Argentina
| | - Margerie Pierre
- Normandie Universite, Unirouen, Inrae, Ecodiv, Rouen, France
| | - Yolanda Pueyo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE, CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Emiliano Quiroga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Valle Viejo, Argentina
| | - Sasha Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Ana Rey
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Rey
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra de Andalucía, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Rolo
- INDEHESA, Forestry School, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | | | - Peter C le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jan Christian Ruppert
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Phokgedi Julius Sebei
- Mara Research Station, Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Makhado, South Africa
| | - Anarmaa Sharkhuu
- Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ilan Stavi
- The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Yotvata, Israel
- Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel
| | - Colton Stephens
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alberto L Teixido
- Departmento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew David Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Torres Robles
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia (CEANPa), CONICET, Viedma, Argentina
| | - Samantha Travers
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Orsolya Valkó
- HUN-REN 'Lendület' Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frederike Velbert
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas von Heßberg
- Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Wanyoike Wamiti
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis (IUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eli Zaady
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Kaye College of Education, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Biancari L, Aguiar MR, Saiz H, Gross N, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Eldridge DJ, Maestre FT. Upper boundary on tree cover at global drylands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:836-840. [PMID: 38362948 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Biancari
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
- Cátedra de Ecología, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Martín R Aguiar
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
- Cátedra de Ecología, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Medio Natural, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, 50009, Spain
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, l'Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche 212 Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | | | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, Alicante, 03690, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, Alicante, 03690, Spain
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21
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Arroyo AI, Pueyo Y, Barrantes O, Alados CL. Interplay between Livestock Grazing and Aridity on the Ecological and Nutritional Value of Forage in Semi-arid Mediterranean Rangelands (NE Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:1005-1015. [PMID: 38300314 PMCID: PMC11024040 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Rangeland-based livestock production constitutes a primary source of livelihood for many inhabitants of dryland regions. Their subsistence relies heavily on maintaining the productivity, biodiversity and services of these ecosystems. Harsh environmental conditions (e.g., drought) combined with land use intensification (e.g., overgrazing) make dryland ecosystems vulnerable and prone to degradation. However, the interplay between livestock grazing intensity and aridity conditions in driving the conservation and nutritional value of forage in arid and semi-arid rangelands is still not fully understood. In this study, we performed structural equation models (SEM) to assess the simultaneous direct and indirect effects of livestock grazing intensity and aridity level on community structure, diversity, biomass, forage production, forage C:N ratio and forage fiber composition in two semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, NE Spain. Not surprisingly, we found that higher livestock grazing intensity led to lower community plant cover, especially when combined with higher aridity. However, both increasing grazing intensity and aridity were associated with higher forage production after one year of grazing exclusion. We did not find any adverse effect of livestock grazing on plant diversity, although plant species composition differed among grazing intensity levels. On the other hand, we found an aridity-driven trade-off in regard of the nutritional value of forage. Specifically, higher aridity was associated with a decrease in the least digestible fiber fraction (i.e., lignin) and an increase in forage C:N ratio. More interestingly, we found that livestock grazing modulated this trade-off by improving the overall forage nutritional value. Altogether, our results provide further insights into the management of semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, pointing out that maintaining traditional rangeland-based livestock production may be a sustainable option as long as rangeland conservation (e.g., community plant cover) is not severely compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio I Arroyo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Pueyo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olivia Barrantes
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Facultad de Veterinaria (Universidad de Zaragoza), C/ Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/ Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Concepción L Alados
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
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22
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Tariq A, Graciano C, Sardans J, Zeng F, Hughes AC, Ahmed Z, Ullah A, Ali S, Gao Y, Peñuelas J. Plant root mechanisms and their effects on carbon and nutrient accumulation in desert ecosystems under changes in land use and climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:916-934. [PMID: 38482544 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Deserts represent key carbon reservoirs, yet as these systems are threatened this has implications for biodiversity and climate change. This review focuses on how these changes affect desert ecosystems, particularly plant root systems and their impact on carbon and mineral nutrient stocks. Desert plants have diverse root architectures shaped by water acquisition strategies, affecting plant biomass and overall carbon and nutrient stocks. Climate change can disrupt desert plant communities, with droughts impacting both shallow and deep-rooted plants as groundwater levels fluctuate. Vegetation management practices, like grazing, significantly influence plant communities, soil composition, root microorganisms, biomass, and nutrient stocks. Shallow-rooted plants are particularly susceptible to climate change and human interference. To safeguard desert ecosystems, understanding root architecture and deep soil layers is crucial. Implementing strategic management practices such as reducing grazing pressure, maintaining moderate harvesting levels, and adopting moderate fertilization can help preserve plant-soil systems. Employing socio-ecological approaches for community restoration enhances carbon and nutrient retention, limits desert expansion, and reduces CO2 emissions. This review underscores the importance of investigating belowground plant processes and their role in shaping desert landscapes, emphasizing the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 852, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sikandar Ali
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanju Gao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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23
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Jiang A, Mipam TD, Jing L, Li Z, Li T, Liu J, Tian L. Large herbivore grazing accelerates litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171288. [PMID: 38423309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant litter decomposition is critical for carbon and nutrient cycling globally. However, the effect of large herbivore grazing on litter decomposition and its mechanisms remain less explored. Here, 1203 paired observations and 381 independent experiments were analyzed to determine how litter decomposition and nutrient cycling respond to changes in grazing intensity. Grazing significantly increased litter decomposition rate by 14.08 % and litter carbon release by 5.03 %, and this effect was observed in grasslands and croplands but not in forests. The positive grazing effect was also found under sheep and cattle/yak grazing. Moderate grazing advanced the home-field advantage effect but inhibited under heavy grazing for grazed litters. The grazing effect was larger for high quality litter than for low quality litter. Litter decomposition slowed under >10 years heavy grazing but accelerated under moderate grazing. The effects of large herbivore grazing on litter decomposition were jointly influenced by grazing intensity, livestock type, climate condition, decomposition duration, litter quality, and soil properties. Our results demonstrated that large herbivore grazing accelerates litter decomposition globally and emphasized the significance and importance of grazing intensity on litter decomposition, which should be integrated into terrestrial ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Jiang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tserang Donko Mipam
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luhuai Jing
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tao Li
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Liming Tian
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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24
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Ronk A, Boldgiv B, Casper BB, Liancourt P. Leaf trait plasticity reveals interactive effects of temporally disjunct grazing and warming on plant communities. Oecologia 2024; 204:833-843. [PMID: 38573499 PMCID: PMC11062997 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Changes in climate and grazing intensity influence plant-community compositions and their functional structure. Yet, little is known about their possible interactive effects when climate change mainly has consequences during the growing season and grazing occurs off growing season (dormant season grazing). We examined the contribution of trait plasticity to the immediate responses in the functional structure of plant community due to the interplay between these two temporally disjunct drivers. We conducted a field experiment in the northern Mongolian steppe, where climate was manipulated by open-top chambers (OTCs) for two growing seasons, increasing temperature and decreasing soil moisture (i.e., increased aridity), and grazing was excluded for one dormant season between these two growing seasons. We calculated the community-weighted mean (CWM) and the functional diversity (FD) of six leaf traits. Based on a variance partitioning approach, we evaluated how much of the responses in CWM and FD to OTCs and dormant season grazing occur through plasticity. The interactive effect of OTCs and the dormant season grazing were detected only after considering the role of trait plasticity. Overall, OTCs influenced the responses in CWM more than in FD, but the effects of OTCs were much less pronounced where dormant season grazing occurred. Thus, warming (together with decreased soil moisture) and the elimination of dormant season grazing could interact to impact the functional trait structure of plant communities through trait plasticity. Climate change effects should be considered in the context of altered land use, even if temporally disjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argo Ronk
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bazartseren Boldgiv
- Department of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia
| | - Brenda B Casper
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Department of Botany, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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25
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Sandoval‐Calderon AP, Rubio Echazarra N, van Kuijk M, Verweij PA, Soons M, Hautier Y. The effect of livestock grazing on plant diversity and productivity of mountainous grasslands in South America - A meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11076. [PMID: 38628914 PMCID: PMC11019300 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mountainous grasslands in South America, characterized by their high diversity, provide a wide range of contributions to people, including water regulation, soil erosion prevention, livestock feed provision, and preservation of cultural heritage. Prior research has highlighted the significant role of grazing in shaping the diversity and productivity of grassland ecosystems, especially in highly productive, eutrophic systems. In such environments, grazing has been demonstrated to restore grassland plant diversity by reducing primary productivity. However, it remains unclear whether these findings are applicable to South American mountainous grasslands, where plants are adapted to different environmental conditions. To address this uncertainty, we conducted a meta-analysis of experiments excluding livestock grazing to assess its impact on plant diversity and productivity across mountainous grasslands in South America. In alignment with studies in temperate grasslands, our findings indicated that herbivore exclusion resulted in increased aboveground biomass but reduced species richness and Shannon diversity. The effects of grazing exclusion became more pronounced with longer durations of exclusion; nevertheless, they remained resilient to various climatic conditions, including mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature, as well as the evolutionary history of grazing. In contrast to results observed in temperate grasslands, the reduction in species richness due to herbivore exclusion was not associated with increased aboveground biomass. This suggests that the processes governing (sub)tropical grassland plant diversity may differ from those in temperate grasslands. Consequently, further research is necessary to better understand the specific factors influencing plant diversity and productivity in South American montane grasslands and to elucidate the ecological implications of herbivore exclusion in these unique ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patricia Sandoval‐Calderon
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB)San Andres UniversityLa PazBolivia
| | - Nerea Rubio Echazarra
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marijke van Kuijk
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Pita A. Verweij
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Merel Soons
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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26
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Tuo B, García-Palacios P, Guo C, Yan ER, Berg MP, Cornelissen JHC. Meta-analysis reveals that vertebrates enhance plant litter decomposition at the global scale. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:411-422. [PMID: 38195996 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that vertebrate defaunation greatly impacts global biogeochemical cycling. Yet, there is no comprehensive assessment of the potential vertebrate influence over plant decomposition, despite litter decay being one of the largest global carbon fluxes. We therefore conducted a global meta-analysis to evaluate vertebrate effects on litter mass loss and associated element release across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here we show that vertebrates affected litter decomposition by various direct and indirect pathways, increasing litter mass loss by 6.7% on average, and up to 34.4% via physical breakdown. This positive vertebrate impact on litter mass loss was consistent across contrasting litter types (woody and non-woody), climatic regions (boreal, temperate and tropical), ecosystem types (aquatic and terrestrial) and vertebrate taxa, but disappeared when evaluating litter nitrogen and phosphorus release. Moreover, we found evidence of interactive effects between vertebrates and non-vertebrate decomposers on litter mass loss, and a larger influence of vertebrates at mid-to-late decomposition stages, contrasting with the invertebrate effect known to be strongest at early decomposition stage. Our synthesis demonstrates a global vertebrate control over litter mass loss, and further stresses the need to account for vertebrates when assessing the impacts of biodiversity loss on biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tuo
- A-LIFE, Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chao Guo
- Forest Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany.
| | - En-Rong Yan
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Matty P Berg
- A-LIFE, Ecology & Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- GELIFES, Conservation and Community Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Shi Z, Wan Y, Peng M, Zhang J, Gao Z, Wang X, Zhu F. Vitamin E: An assistant for black soldier fly to reduce cadmium accumulation and toxicity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108547. [PMID: 38458120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal associated with osteoporosis, liver, and kidney disease. The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens may be exposed to Cd during the transformation of livestock manure. The BSF has a high tolerance to Cd. In the previous work of the laboratory, we found that vitamin E (VE) may play a role in the tolerance of BSF to Cd exposure. The main findings are as follows: The BSF larvae pretreated with exogenous VE had heavier body weight, lower content and toxicity of Cd under similar Cd exposure. Even in high Cd exposure at the concentrations of 300 and 700 mg/kg, the BSF larvae pretreated with exogenous VE at a concentration of 100 mg/kg still reduced the Cd toxicity to 85.33 % and 84.43 %, respectively. The best-fitting models showed that metallothionein (MT) content, oxidative damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine content, malondialdehyde content), antioxidant power (total antioxidant power, peroxidase activity) had a great influence on content and toxicity of Cd bioaccumulated in the larvae. The degree of oxidative damage was reduced in the larvae with exogenous VE pretreatments. This variation can be explained by their changed MT content and increased antioxidant power because of exogenous VE. These results reveal the roles of VE in insects defense against Cd exposure and provide a new option for the prevention and therapy of damage caused by Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Shi
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yujia Wan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Miao Peng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhenghui Gao
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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28
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Chang C, Wang J, Zhao Y, Cai T, Yang J, Zhang G, Wu X, Otgonbayar M, Xiao X, Xin X, Zhang Y. A 10-m annual grazing intensity dataset in 2015-2021 for the largest temperate meadow steppe in China. Sci Data 2024; 11:181. [PMID: 38341473 PMCID: PMC10858900 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mapping grazing intensity (GI) using satellites is crucial for developing adaptive utilization strategies according to grassland conditions. Here we developed a monitoring framework based on a paired sampling strategy and the classification probability of random forest algorithm to produce annual grazing probability (GP) and GI maps at 10-m spatial resolution from 2015 to 2021 for the largest temperate meadow in China (Hulun Buir grasslands), by harmonized Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel-2 images. The GP maps used values of 0-1 to present detailed grazing gradient information. To match widely used grazing gradients, annual GI maps with ungrazed, moderately grazed, and heavily grazed levels were generated from the GP dataset with a decision tree. The GI maps for 2015-2021 had an overall accuracy of more than 0.97 having significant correlations with the statistical data at city (r = 0.51) and county (r = 0.75) scales. They also effectively captured the GI gradients at site scale (r = 0.94). Our study proposed a monitoring approach and presented annual 10-m grazing information maps for sustainable grassland management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchen Chang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanbo Zhao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Cai
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jilin Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Geli Zhang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaocui Wu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Munkhdulam Otgonbayar
- Division of Physical Geography and Environmental Research, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 15170, Mongolia
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Earth Observation and Modeling, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Hulunbuir Grassland Ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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29
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Ma Q, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Liu T, Qing X, Liu J, Xiao Y, Song Y, Yue Y, Yu H, Wang J, Zhong Z, Wang D, Wang L. Livestock grazing modifies soil nematode body size structure in mosaic grassland habitats. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119600. [PMID: 38042077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Body size is closely related to the trophic level and abundance of soil fauna, particularly nematodes. Therefore, size-based analyses are increasingly prominent in unveiling soil food web structure and its responses to anthropogenic disturbances, such as livestock grazing. Yet, little is known about the effects of different livestock on the body size structure of soil nematodes, especially in grasslands characterized by local habitat heterogeneity. A four-year field grazing experiment from 2017 to 2020 was conducted in a meadow steppe characterized by typical mosaics of degraded hypersaline patches and undegraded hyposaline patches to assess the impacts of cattle and sheep grazing on the body size structure of soil nematodes within and across trophic groups. Without grazing, the hypersaline patches harbored higher abundance of large-bodied nematodes in the community compared to the hyposaline patches. Livestock grazing decreased large-bodied nematodes within and across trophic groups mainly by reducing soil microbial biomass in the hypersaline patches, with sheep grazing resulting in more substantial reductions compared to cattle grazing. The reduction in large-bodied nematode individuals correspondingly resulted in decreases in nematode community-weighted mean (CWM) body size, nematode biomass, and size spectra slopes. However, both cattle and sheep grazing had minimal impacts on the CWM body size and size spectra of total nematodes in the hyposaline patches. Our findings suggest that livestock grazing, especially sheep grazing, has the potential to simplify soil food webs by reducing large-bodied nematodes in degraded habitats, which may aggravate soil degradation by weakening the bioturbation activities of soil fauna. In light of the widespread land use of grasslands by herbivores of various species and the ongoing global grassland degradation of mosaic patches, the recognition of the trends revealed by our findings is critical for developing appropriate strategies for grassland grazing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Ma
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization & Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station & Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue Qing
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jushan Liu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yingli Xiao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yueqing Song
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yonghuan Yue
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Deli Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Cohen M, Ottmann E, Varga Linde D, Sanchez S. Is Joint Management between Conservationists and Farmers Sustainable and Biodiversity-friendly? A Ten-year Study in Residual Grasslands of a Protected Area. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024:10.1007/s00267-023-01931-9. [PMID: 38263340 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a discernible reduction in temperate and Mediterranean grasslands with consequences on the decline of biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity. When this decline is due to agricultural abandonment, a renewed joint management, combining bush clearing by conservationists and grazing by farmers, should favor the maintenance of grasslands, their protected habitats and species and forage production. Rainfall irregularity explains part of the variation of these parameters. To verify these hypotheses, we conduct a comprehensive, multi-scale, multi-taxa study over a ten-year period in a Mediterranean protected area. At the regional scale, experimental plots in which this joint management was implemented are representative of residual managed grasslands of the protected area. At the mesoscale, rainfall irregularity is the main factor explaining inter-annual differences in the biomass of open landscapes, while fauna depends on management, tree cover and trophic resources. At the local scale, in a representative experimental plot, clearing had an immediate negative impact on plant richness and bird and positive on forage. Over a decade, plant biodiversity increased while forage, specialist plants and bird maintained, despite the regrowth of bush. Drought had a negative impact on richness, plant and forage abundance and phenological asynchrony on butterflies. In conclusion, joint management has positive, neutral and negative impacts to be considered before implementing this strategy. This long-term monitoring study draws important lessons for designing a sustainable management of grasslands under abandonment and irregular climate, that should be applied in temperate and Mediterranean regions that are increasingly vulnerable to these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Cohen
- Laboratoire Médiations, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75, France.
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31
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Coleine C, Delgado-Baquerizo M, DiRuggiero J, Guirado E, Harfouche AL, Perez-Fernandez C, Singh BK, Selbmann L, Egidi E. Dryland microbiomes reveal community adaptations to desertification and climate change. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae056. [PMID: 38552152 PMCID: PMC11031246 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Drylands account for 45% of the Earth's land area, supporting ~40% of the global population. These regions support some of the most extreme environments on Earth, characterized by extreme temperatures, low and variable rainfall, and low soil fertility. In these biomes, microorganisms provide vital ecosystem services and have evolved distinctive adaptation strategies to endure and flourish in the extreme. However, dryland microbiomes and the ecosystem services they provide are under threat due to intensifying desertification and climate change. In this review, we provide a synthesis of our current understanding of microbial life in drylands, emphasizing the remarkable diversity and adaptations of these communities. We then discuss anthropogenic threats, including the influence of climate change on dryland microbiomes and outline current knowledge gaps. Finally, we propose research priorities to address those gaps and safeguard the sustainability of these fragile biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - Jocelyne DiRuggiero
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Emilio Guirado
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies “Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03071, Spain
| | - Antoine L Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | | | - Brajesh K Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2750, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2750, Australia
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
- Mycological Section, Italian Antarctic National Museum (MNA), Genoa 16128, Italy
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2750, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2750, Australia
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32
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Ju W, Fang L, Shen G, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Chen J, Zhou G, Ma D, Bing H, Liu L, Liu J, Jin X, Guo L, Tan W, Blagodatskaya E. New perspectives on microbiome and nutrient sequestration in soil aggregates during long-term grazing exclusion. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17027. [PMID: 37946660 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Grazing exclusion alters grassland soil aggregation, microbiome composition, and biogeochemical processes. However, the long-term effects of grazing exclusion on the microbial communities and nutrient dynamics within soil aggregates remain unclear. We conducted a 36-year exclusion experiment to investigate how grazing exclusion affects the soil microbial community and the associated soil functions within soil aggregates in a semiarid grassland. Long-term (36 years) grazing exclusion induced a shift in microbial communities, especially in the <2 mm aggregates, from high to low diversity compared to the grazing control. The reduced microbial diversity was accompanied by instability of fungal communities, extended distribution of fungal pathogens to >2 mm aggregates, and reduced carbon (C) sequestration potential thus revealing a negative impact of long-term GE. In contrast, 11-26 years of grazing exclusion greatly increased C sequestration and promoted nutrient cycling in soil aggregates and associated microbial functional genes. Moreover, the environmental characteristics of microhabitats (e.g., soil pH) altered the soil microbiome and strongly contributed to C sequestration. Our findings reveal new evidence from soil microbiology for optimizing grazing exclusion duration to maintain multiple belowground ecosystem functions, providing promising suggestions for climate-smart and resource-efficient grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoting Shen
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistemico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Guiyao Zhou
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistemico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Dengke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ji Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Li J, Huang L, Cao W, Wang J, Fan J, Xu X, Tian H. Benefits, potential and risks of China's grassland ecosystem conservation and restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167413. [PMID: 37769742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe threats from ongoing degradation undermine the grasslands to support ecosystem services, biodiversity, and human well-being. Unfortunately, grasslands are often underappreciated and ignored in sustainable development agendas. Despite a series of projects for Grassland Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration (GECR) been implemented in China, the effects and cost-effectiveness of these efforts remain uncertain and untested. Therefore, we developed an integrated assessment framework to evaluate the benefits of GECR, considering ecological value accounting and input-output efficiency estimation. Additionally, we projected potential and risk areas for GECR in the future. The results showed that in 2020, the annual ecological value of China's grassland ecosystem was CNY 246 trillion. The investment in GECR exceeded CNY 7 billion, leading to an ecological benefit of CNY 3478 billion, with an input-output ratio of 1:446. Over the past 20 years, GECR positively impacted nearly 90 % of China's grassland. Furthermore, grasslands in southern provinces with favorable hydrothermal conditions exhibited significantly higher GECR efficiency, boasting an input-output ratio of >1:2000. The arid and semi-arid northern grasslands and the alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau, despite being the main regions for animal husbandry development and GECR, exhibited comparatively lower efficiency and input-output ratio in GECR. Moreover, the central and northwest parts of Tibet showed higher potential and lower risk, indicating their greatest likelihood of benefiting from GECR in the future. Meanwhile, Hulunbeier and Inner Mongolia deserve more special attention to reverse degradation and mitigate climate change due to their lower potential and higher risks. Our study provides an important basis for prioritizing and implementing effective and sustainable GECR treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiangwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haijing Tian
- Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China; Grassland monitoring Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China
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Shi C, Li Y, Zhang T, Wang H, Wu L, Suriguga, Li FY. Light grazing intensity enhances ecosystem services in semi-arid grasslands through plant trait associations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119375. [PMID: 37883834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands provide multiple ecosystem services (ESs) including provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services that are largely affected by livestock grazing. Linking plant functional traits (PFTs) to ecosystem processes and functions has attracted extensive ecological research to explore the responses and inter-relations of ecosystem services to environmental and management changes. However, little information is available on the links between PFTs and ESs in most ecosystems. We conducted a grazing experiment to investigate the response of PFTs at different levels, including in plant organs (leaves and stems), individual plants, and the overall community in a typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia. Additionally, we examined the effect of animal grazing at four intensities (nil, light, moderate, and heavy) and explored the dynamic interconnections between PFTs and ecosystem services in grasslands. Our analysis revealed that the highest total ecosystem service and provisioning service were achieved under light- and moderate-grazing treatments, respectively. Heavy grazing also increased provisioning service but with a large decline in regulating and total ecosystem services. These changes in ESs were closely associated with grazing-induced variations in PFTs. Compared to no grazing, light grazing increased plant size-related functional traits, such as height, leaf length, leaf area, stem length, and the ratio of stem length to diameter. In contrast, heavy grazing decreased these PFTs. Provisioning and regulating services were determined by plant above-ground community function and structural properties, while supporting service was jointly affected by the below-ground community and soil properties. Our results indicate that light grazing should be recommended for the best total ESs, although moderate grazing may lead to high short-term economic benefits. Moreover, PFTs are powerful indicators for provisioning and regulating services. These findings provide a valuable reference for developing effective management practices to achieve targeted ESs using PFTs as indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education of China, 235 University West Street, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education of China, 235 University West Street, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Tongrui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education of China, 235 University West Street, Hohhot, 010021, China; Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education of China, 235 University West Street, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Suriguga
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Frank Yonghong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education of China, 235 University West Street, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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35
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Noriega JA, Hortal J, deCastro-Arrazola I, Alves-Martins F, Ortega JCG, Bini LM, Andrew NR, Arellano L, Beynon S, Davis ALV, Favila ME, Floate KD, Horgan FG, Menéndez R, Milotic T, Nervo B, Palestrini C, Rolando A, Scholtz CH, Senyüz Y, Wassmer T, Ádam R, Araújo CDO, Barragan-Ramírez JL, Boros G, Camero-Rubio E, Cruz M, Cuesta E, Damborsky MP, Deschodt CM, Rajan PD, D'hondt B, Díaz Rojas A, Dindar K, Escobar F, Espinoza VR, Ferrer-Paris JR, Gutiérrez Rojas PE, Hemmings Z, Hernández B, Hill SJ, Hoffmann M, Jay-Robert P, Lewis K, Lewis M, Lozano C, Marín-Armijos D, de Farias PM, Murcia-Ordoñez B, Karimbumkara SN, Navarrete-Heredia JL, Ortega-Echeverría C, Pablo-Cea JD, Perrin W, Pessoa MB, Radhakrishnan A, Rahimi I, Raimundo AT, Ramos DC, Rebolledo RE, Roggero A, Sánchez-Mercado A, Somay L, Stadler J, Tahmasebi P, Triana Céspedes JD, Santos AMC. Dung removal increases under higher dung beetle functional diversity regardless of grazing intensification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8070. [PMID: 38057312 PMCID: PMC10700315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dung removal by macrofauna such as dung beetles is an important process for nutrient cycling in pasturelands. Intensification of farming practices generally reduces species and functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates, which may negatively affect ecosystem services. Here, we investigate the effects of cattle-grazing intensification on dung removal by dung beetles in field experiments replicated in 38 pastures around the world. Within each study site, we measured dung removal in pastures managed with low- and high-intensity regimes to assess between-regime differences in dung beetle diversity and dung removal, whilst also considering climate and regional variations. The impacts of intensification were heterogeneous, either diminishing or increasing dung beetle species richness, functional diversity, and dung removal rates. The effects of beetle diversity on dung removal were more variable across sites than within sites. Dung removal increased with species richness across sites, while functional diversity consistently enhanced dung removal within sites, independently of cattle grazing intensity or climate. Our findings indicate that, despite intensified cattle stocking rates, ecosystem services related to decomposition and nutrient cycling can be maintained when a functionally diverse dung beetle community inhabits the human-modified landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ari Noriega
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Agua, Salud y Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Joaquín Hortal
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Indradatta deCastro-Arrazola
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernanda Alves-Martins
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jean C G Ortega
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luis Mauricio Bini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Insect Ecology Laboratory, Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucrecia Arellano
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sarah Beynon
- Dr Beynon's Bug Farm; St Davids, Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L V Davis
- Invertebrate Systematics and Conservation Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Mario E Favila
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kevin D Floate
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Finbarr G Horgan
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology; Bridestown, County Cork, Ireland
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Curicó, Chile
| | - Rosa Menéndez
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja Milotic
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beatrice Nervo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Palestrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Rolando
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Clarke H Scholtz
- Invertebrate Systematics and Conservation Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Yakup Senyüz
- Kütahya Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Thomas Wassmer
- Department of Biology, Siena Heights University, Adrian, MI, USA
| | - Réka Ádam
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Cristina de O Araújo
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Gergely Boros
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute for Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation, Department of Zoology and Ecology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edgar Camero-Rubio
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Melvin Cruz
- Independent researcher, Chalatenango, El Salvador
| | - Eva Cuesta
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miryam Pieri Damborsky
- Biología de los Artrópodos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE-FaCENA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Christian M Deschodt
- Invertebrate Systematics and Conservation Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan
- Insect Biosystematics and Conservation Laboratory, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
| | - Bram D'hondt
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfonso Díaz Rojas
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kemal Dindar
- Kütahya Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Federico Escobar
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Verónica R Espinoza
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Rafael Ferrer-Paris
- Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Pablo Enrique Gutiérrez Rojas
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad y desarrollo Amazónico - BYDA, Centro de investigación Cesar Augusto Estrada González - MACAGUAL, Programa de Biología, Facultad Ciencias Básicas- Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Zac Hemmings
- Insect Ecology Laboratory, Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamín Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Tlajomulco, Tecnológico Nacional de México; Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sarah J Hill
- Insect Ecology Laboratory, Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Maurice Hoffmann
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Jay-Robert
- CEFE, University Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Kyle Lewis
- Dr Beynon's Bug Farm; St Davids, Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom
- Pembrokeshire College, Haverfordwest, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Lewis
- Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Cecilia Lozano
- Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Diego Marín-Armijos
- Colección de Invertebrados Sur del Ecuador, Museo de Zoología CISEC-MUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Patrícia Menegaz de Farias
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Betselene Murcia-Ordoñez
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad y desarrollo Amazónico - BYDA, Centro de investigación Cesar Augusto Estrada González - MACAGUAL, Programa de Biología, Facultad Ciencias Básicas- Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara
- Insect Biosystematics and Conservation Laboratory, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - José D Pablo-Cea
- Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - William Perrin
- CEFE, University Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Marcelo Bruno Pessoa
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anu Radhakrishnan
- Insect Biosystematics and Conservation Laboratory, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
| | - Iraj Rahimi
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amalia Teresa Raimundo
- Biología de los Artrópodos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE-FaCENA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | | | - Ramón E Rebolledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Angela Roggero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ada Sánchez-Mercado
- Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - László Somay
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Jutta Stadler
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pejman Tahmasebi
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - José Darwin Triana Céspedes
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad y desarrollo Amazónico - BYDA, Centro de investigación Cesar Augusto Estrada González - MACAGUAL, Programa de Biología, Facultad Ciencias Básicas- Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Ana M C Santos
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Li J, Deng L, Peñuelas J, Wu J, Shangguan Z, Sardans J, Peng C, Kuzyakov Y. C:N:P stoichiometry of plants, soils, and microorganisms: Response to altered precipitation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:7051-7071. [PMID: 37787740 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation changes modify C, N, and P cycles, which regulate the functions and structure of terrestrial ecosystems. Although altered precipitation affects above- and belowground C:N:P stoichiometry, considerable uncertainties remain regarding plant-microbial nutrient allocation strategies under increased (IPPT) and decreased (DPPT) precipitation. We meta-analyzed 827 observations from 235 field studies to investigate the effects of IPPT and DPPT on the C:N:P stoichiometry of plants, soils, and microorganisms. DPPT reduced leaf C:N ratio, but increased the leaf and root N:P ratios reflecting stronger decrease of P compared with N mobility in soil under drought. IPPT increased microbial biomass C (+13%), N (+15%), P (26%), and the C:N ratio, whereas DPPT decreased microbial biomass N (-12%) and the N:P ratio. The C:N and N:P ratios of plant leaves were more sensitive to medium DPPT than to IPPT because drought increased plant N content, particularly in humid areas. The responses of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry to altered precipitation did not fit the double asymmetry model with a positive asymmetry under IPPT and a negative asymmetry under extreme DPPT. Soil microorganisms were more sensitive to IPPT than to DPPT, but they were more sensitive to extreme DPPT than extreme IPPT, consistent with the double asymmetry model. Soil microorganisms maintained stoichiometric homeostasis, whereas N:P ratios of plants follow that of the soils under altered precipitation. In conclusion, specific N allocation strategies of plants and microbial communities as well as N and P availability in soil critically mediate C:N:P stoichiometry by altered precipitation that need to be considered by prediction of ecosystem functions and C cycling under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jianzhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changhui Peng
- Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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37
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Wilcox KR, Chen A, Avolio ML, Butler EE, Collins S, Fisher R, Keenan T, Kiang NY, Knapp AK, Koerner SE, Kueppers L, Liang G, Lieungh E, Loik M, Luo Y, Poulter B, Reich P, Renwick K, Smith MD, Walker A, Weng E, Komatsu KJ. Accounting for herbaceous communities in process-based models will advance our understanding of "grassy" ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6453-6477. [PMID: 37814910 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Grassland and other herbaceous communities cover significant portions of Earth's terrestrial surface and provide many critical services, such as carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, and food production. Forecasts of global change impacts on these services will require predictive tools, such as process-based dynamic vegetation models. Yet, model representation of herbaceous communities and ecosystems lags substantially behind that of tree communities and forests. The limited representation of herbaceous communities within models arises from two important knowledge gaps: first, our empirical understanding of the principles governing herbaceous vegetation dynamics is either incomplete or does not provide mechanistic information necessary to drive herbaceous community processes with models; second, current model structure and parameterization of grass and other herbaceous plant functional types limits the ability of models to predict outcomes of competition and growth for herbaceous vegetation. In this review, we provide direction for addressing these gaps by: (1) presenting a brief history of how vegetation dynamics have been developed and incorporated into earth system models, (2) reporting on a model simulation activity to evaluate current model capability to represent herbaceous vegetation dynamics and ecosystem function, and (3) detailing several ecological properties and phenomena that should be a focus for both empiricists and modelers to improve representation of herbaceous vegetation in models. Together, empiricists and modelers can improve representation of herbaceous ecosystem processes within models. In so doing, we will greatly enhance our ability to forecast future states of the earth system, which is of high importance given the rapid rate of environmental change on our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Wilcox
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Meghan L Avolio
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ethan E Butler
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rosie Fisher
- CICERO Centre for International Cimate Research, Forskningsparken, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trevor Keenan
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nancy Y Kiang
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sally E Koerner
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lara Kueppers
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Guopeng Liang
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eva Lieungh
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Loik
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ben Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Lab, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ensheng Weng
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kimberly J Komatsu
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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38
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Tulloch AIT, Healy A, Silcock J, Wardle GM, Dickman CR, Frank ASK, Aubault H, Barton K, Greenville AC. Long-term livestock exclusion increases plant richness and reproductive capacity in arid woodlands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2909. [PMID: 37602895 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore exclusion is implemented globally to recover ecosystems from grazing by introduced and native herbivores, but evidence for large-scale biodiversity benefits is inconsistent in arid ecosystems. We examined the effects of livestock exclusion on dryland plant richness and reproductive capacity. We collected data on plant species richness and seeding (reproductive capacity), rainfall, vegetation productivity and cover, soil strength and herbivore grazing intensity from 68 sites across 6500 km2 of arid Georgina gidgee (Acacia georginae) woodlands in central Australia between 2018 and 2020. Sites were on an actively grazed cattle station and two destocked conservation reserves. We used structural equation modeling to examine indirect (via soil or vegetation modification) versus direct (herbivory) effects of grazing intensity by two introduced herbivores (cattle, camels) and a native herbivore (red kangaroo), on seasonal plant species richness and seeding of all plants, and the richness and seeding of four plant groups (native grasses, forbs, annual chenopod shrubs, and palatable perennial shrubs). Non-native herbivores had a strong indirect effect on plant richness and seeding by reducing vegetative ground cover, resulting in decreased richness and seeding of native grasses and forbs. Herbivores also had small but negative direct impacts on plant richness and seeding. This direct effect was explained by reductions in annual chenopod and palatable perennial shrub richness under grazing activity. Responses to grazing were herbivore-dependent; introduced herbivore grazing reduced native plant richness and seeding, while native herbivore grazing had no significant effect on richness or seeding of different plant functional groups. Soil strength decreased under grazing by cattle but not camels or kangaroos. Cattle had direct effects on palatable perennial shrub richness and seeding, whereas camels had indirect effects, reducing richness and seeding by reducing the abundance of shrubs. We show that considering indirect pathways improves evaluations of the effects of disturbances on biodiversity, as focusing only on direct effects can mask critical mechanisms of change. Our results indicate substantial biodiversity benefits from excluding livestock and controlling camels in drylands. Reducing introduced herbivore impacts will improve soil and vegetation condition, ensure reproduction and seasonal persistence of species, and protect native plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha I T Tulloch
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Al Healy
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Silcock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher R Dickman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anke S K Frank
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Pilungah Reserve, Bush Heritage Australia, Boulia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helene Aubault
- Ethabuka Reserve, Bush Heritage Australia, Bedourie, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyle Barton
- Ethabuka Reserve, Bush Heritage Australia, Bedourie, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron C Greenville
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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39
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Mikryukov V, Dulya O, Zizka A, Bahram M, Hagh-Doust N, Anslan S, Prylutskyi O, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Nilsson H, Pärn J, Öpik M, Moora M, Zobel M, Espenberg M, Mander Ü, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco-Palacios AM, Saitta A, Rinaldi A, Verbeken A, Sulistyo B, Tamgnoue B, Furneaux B, Duarte Ritter C, Nyamukondiwa C, Sharp C, Marín C, Gohar D, Klavina D, Sharmah D, Dai DQ, Nouhra E, Biersma EM, Rähn E, Cameron E, De Crop E, Otsing E, Davydov E, Albornoz F, Brearley F, Buegger F, Zahn G, Bonito G, Hiiesalu I, Barrio I, Heilmann-Clausen J, Ankuda J, Doležal J, Kupagme J, Maciá-Vicente J, Djeugap Fovo J, Geml J, Alatalo J, Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Põldmaa K, Runnel K, Adamson K, Bråthen KA, Pritsch K, Tchan Issifou K, Armolaitis K, Hyde K, Newsham KK, Panksep K, Lateef AA, Hansson L, Lamit L, Saba M, Tuomi M, Gryzenhout M, Bauters M, Piepenbring M, Wijayawardene NN, Yorou N, Kurina O, Mortimer P, Meidl P, Kohout P, Puusepp R, Drenkhan R, Garibay-Orijel R, Godoy R, Alkahtani S, Rahimlou S, Dudov S, Põlme S, Ghosh S, Mundra S, Ahmed T, Netherway T, Henkel T, Roslin T, Nteziryayo V, Fedosov V, Onipchenko V, Yasanthika WAE, Lim Y, Van Nuland M, Soudzilovskaia N, Antonelli A, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K, Tedersoo L. Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj8016. [PMID: 38019923 PMCID: PMC10686567 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mikryukov
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Olesya Dulya
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Niloufar Hagh-Doust
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Oleh Prylutskyi
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, School of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistemico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’ and Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
| | - Henrik Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | | | - Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Ahto Agan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Aída-M. Vasco-Palacios
- Grupo de BioMicro y Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiologia, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Saitta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy
| | | | - Bobby Sulistyo
- Department Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Boris Tamgnoue
- Department of Crop Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Brendan Furneaux
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | | | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye 10071, Botswana
| | - Cathy Sharp
- Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - César Marín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad SantoTomás, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniyal Gohar
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Darta Klavina
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Salaspils 2169, Latvia
| | - Dipon Sharmah
- Department of Botany, Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya Mahavidyalaya, Pondicherry University, Port Blair 744101, India
| | - Dong-Qin Dai
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Elisabeth Machteld Biersma
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen 1123, Denmark
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Elisabeth Rähn
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Erin Cameron
- Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Eske De Crop
- Department Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Eveli Otsing
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | | | - Felipe Albornoz
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Wembley 6014, Australia
| | - Francis Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Franz Buegger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Zahn
- Biology Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058, USA
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-6254, USA
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Isabel Barrio
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík 112, Iceland
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Jelena Ankuda
- Vokė branch, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Vilnius LT-02232, Lithuania
| | - Jiri Doležal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - John Kupagme
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Jose Maciá-Vicente
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708, Netherlands
| | | | - József Geml
- ELKH-EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger 3300, Hungary
| | - Juha Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Kadri Põldmaa
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Kadri Runnel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Kari-Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Kassim Tchan Issifou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, University of Parakou, Parakou 00229, Benin
| | - Kęstutis Armolaitis
- Department of Silviculture and Ecology, Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Girionys 53101, Lithuania
| | - Kevin Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin K. Newsham
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Kristel Panksep
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Adebola Azeez Lateef
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240102, Nigeria
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Linda Hansson
- Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable Development, Gothenburg 41133, Sweden
| | - Louis Lamit
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse 13244, USA
| | - Malka Saba
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maria Tuomi
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Mycology Working Group, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Nalin N. Wijayawardene
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Nourou Yorou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, University of Parakou, Parakou 00229, Benin
| | - Olavi Kurina
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Peter Mortimer
- Center For Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Peter Meidl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rasmus Puusepp
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Roberto Garibay-Orijel
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Godoy
- Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Sergey Dudov
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Sunil Mundra
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tarquin Netherway
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Terry Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Vincent Nteziryayo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Burundi, Bujumbura Burundi
| | - Vladimir Fedosov
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Vladimir Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | | | - Young Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Michael Van Nuland
- Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | | | | | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Garrote PJ, Bugalho MN, Fedriani JM. Seedling responses to moderate and severe herbivory: a field-clipping experiment with a keystone Mediterranean palm. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1058-1070. [PMID: 37713282 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-ungulate interactions are critical in shaping the structure of Mediterranean plant communities. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of knowledge on how plant intrinsic and extrinsic factors mediate the sign and strength of plant-ungulate interactions. This is most relevant when addressing natural or assisted restoration of plant communities in human-disturbed areas. We conducted field-clipping experiments simulating how different intensities of ungulate herbivory may affect the natural regeneration and establishment of the Mediterranean dwarf palm (Chamaerops humilis), a keystone species in Mediterranean ecosystems. We quantified seedling survival and size in two human-disturbed sites (SW Spain) where wild and domestic ungulates exert high herbivory pressure on vegetation. Severe clipping and seedling aging reduced rates of seedling survival. In contrast, moderate clipping did not affect seedling survival, suggesting a certain degree of C. humilis tolerance to herbivory. Severe clipping reduced seedling height strongly but not seedling diameter, and these effects seem to have decreased seedling survival. Nurse shrubs increased seedling size, which likely improved seedling survival. We also found seedling compensatory growth which varied between study sites. Field-clipping experiments can help disentangle effects of plant extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the sign and strength of plant-ungulate interactions and their ecological consequences on the dynamics of human-disturbed ecosystems. We call attention to the importance of appropriately managing scenarios of severe herbivory and summer droughts, particularly frequent in Mediterranean ecosystems, as synergic effects of such key drivers can negatively affect the structure and dynamics of plant communities and endanger their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Garrote
- Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-UVEG-GV, Moncada (Valencia), Spain
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Fedriani
- Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-UVEG-GV, Moncada (Valencia), Spain
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD), CSIC, C/Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, Seville, Spain
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41
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Zhou X, Wang X, Ma Y, Wang Y, Ma Y, Xie L. Fertilization can accelerate the pace of soil microbial community response to rest-grazing duration in the three-river source region of China. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10734. [PMID: 38020678 PMCID: PMC10680436 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overgrazing leads to grassland degradation and productivity decline. Rest-grazing during the regreen-up period can quickly restore grassland and fertilization is a common restoration strategy. However, the effects of rest-grazing time and fertilization on soil microorganisms are unclear in the alpine grasslands. Therefore, the experiment of rest-grazing time and fertilization was carried out to explore the response of soil microorganisms to rest-grazing time and fertilization measures. A field control experiment with rest-grazing time and fertilization as factors have been conducted from the time when grass returned to green till the livestock moved to the summer pasture in Dawu Town of Maqin County of China. The primary treatment we established was the five rest-grazing time, including rest-grazing time of 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, 50 days, and traditional grazing was used as a check group. At the same time, the secondary treatment was nitrogen addition of 300 kg·hm-2 in each primary treatment. The results showed that the total phospholipid fatty acid (total PLFA), actinomyces (Act), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) showed an ever-increasing biomass with the increase of rest-grazing time and the highest was at 50 days of rest-grazing, and they were all significantly higher than CK. In addition, soil microbial biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio (MBC/MBN) had great influence on the change of microbial community. Applying nitrogen fertilizer can increase the maximum value of biomass of all PLFA groups and the biomass of all PLFA groups changed in an "inverted V" shape with the increase of rest-grazing time. Besides, instead of MBC/MBN, NO3 --N was positively correlated with the biomass of all PLFA groups, which actively regulated the trend of microbial functions. The longer rest-grazing time is more conducive to the biomass of all PLFA groups. However, applying nitrogen fertilizer could break this pattern, namely, the 30 days rest-grazing would be beneficial to the biomass of all PLFA groups. These findings provide key information that rest-grazing during the regreen-up period is benefiscial to the all PLFA groups and fertilization could change the response of microorganisms to rest-grazing, which provide reference measures for the restoration of degraded alpine meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbo Zhou
- Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three‐River‐Source (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine GrasslandQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three‐River‐Source (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine GrasslandQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Yushou Ma
- Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three‐River‐Source (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine GrasslandQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Yanlong Wang
- Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three‐River‐Source (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine GrasslandQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Yuan Ma
- Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three‐River‐Source (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine GrasslandQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Lele Xie
- Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three‐River‐Source (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine GrasslandQinghai UniversityXiningQinghaiChina
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42
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Sasaki T, Collins SL, Rudgers JA, Batdelger G, Baasandai E, Kinugasa T. Dryland sensitivity to climate change and variability using nonlinear dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305050120. [PMID: 37603760 PMCID: PMC10587894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305050120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary productivity response to climatic drivers varies temporally, indicating state-dependent interactions between climate and productivity. Previous studies primarily employed equation-based approaches to clarify this relationship, ignoring the state-dependent nature of ecological dynamics. Here, using 40 y of climate and productivity data from 48 grassland sites across Mongolia, we applied an equation-free, nonlinear time-series analysis to reveal sensitivity patterns of productivity to climate change and variability and clarify underlying mechanisms. We showed that productivity responded positively to annual precipitation in mesic regions but negatively in arid regions, with the opposite pattern observed for annual mean temperature. Furthermore, productivity responded negatively to decreasing annual aridity that integrated precipitation and temperature across Mongolia. Productivity responded negatively to interannual variability in precipitation and aridity in mesic regions but positively in arid regions. Overall, interannual temperature variability enhanced productivity. These response patterns are largely unrecognized; however, two mechanisms are inferable. First, time-delayed climate effects modify annual productivity responses to annual climate conditions. Notably, our results suggest that the sensitivity of annual productivity to increasing annual precipitation and decreasing annual aridity can even be negative when the negative time-delayed effects of annual precipitation and aridity on productivity prevail across time. Second, the proportion of plant species resistant to water and temperature stresses at a site determines the sensitivity of productivity to climate variability. Thus, we highlight the importance of nonlinear, state-dependent sensitivity of productivity to climate change and variability, accurately forecasting potential biosphere feedback to the climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya, Yokohama240-8501, Japan
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Jennifer A. Rudgers
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Gantsetseg Batdelger
- Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar15160, Mongolia
| | - Erdenetsetseg Baasandai
- Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar15160, Mongolia
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Zhang M, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Li G, Isbell F, Wang Y, Hautier Y, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Cai J, Pan X, Wang L. Experimental impacts of grazing on grassland biodiversity and function are explained by aridity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5040. [PMID: 37598205 PMCID: PMC10439935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Grazing by domestic herbivores is the most widespread land use on the planet, and also a major global change driver in grasslands. Yet, experimental evidence on the long-term impacts of livestock grazing on biodiversity and function is largely lacking. Here, we report results from a network of 10 experimental sites from paired grazed and ungrazed grasslands across an aridity gradient, including some of the largest remaining native grasslands on the planet. We show that aridity partly explains the responses of biodiversity and multifunctionality to long-term livestock grazing. Grazing greatly reduced biodiversity and multifunctionality in steppes with higher aridity, while had no effects in steppes with relatively lower aridity. Moreover, we found that long-term grazing further changed the capacity of above- and below-ground biodiversity to explain multifunctionality. Thus, while plant diversity was positively correlated with multifunctionality across grasslands with excluded livestock, soil biodiversity was positively correlated with multifunctionality across grazed grasslands. Together, our cross-site experiment reveals that the impacts of long-term grazing on biodiversity and function depend on aridity levels, with the more arid sites experiencing more negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. We also highlight the fundamental importance of conserving soil biodiversity for protecting multifunctionality in widespread grazed grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun). Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guangyin Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingli Xiao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinting Cai
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaobin Pan
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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Yang X, Li Y, Liang R, Ji B, Wang Z, Wang H, Shen Y. Negative effects of phosphorus addition outweigh effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen addition on grassland temporal stability in the eastern Eurasian desert steppe. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10368. [PMID: 37546567 PMCID: PMC10401164 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal stability of grassland plant communities is substantially affected by soil nutrient enrichment. However, the potential main and interactive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment on the stability of plant productivity have not yet been clarified. We combined a three-year in situ field experiment to assess the impacts of soil fertilization and AMF on the stability of plant productivity. P addition decreased the stability of plant productivity by increasing the standard deviation relative to the mean of plant productivity. However, compared to species richness, the stability of C3 grasses and other functional groups asynchrony were the most important drivers changing the stability of plant productivity. The negative impacts of P addition overrode the impacts of AMF on the stability of plant productivity. Overall, our study suggests the importance of soil nutrient availability over AMF in terms of shaping the stability of plant productivity. Our results also suggest that three-year anthropogenic soil nutrient enrichment could reduce the stability of plant communities in grassland regardless of AMF in the P-limited grassland ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- College of Forestry and PratacultureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research CenterYinchuanChina
| | - Yuyue Li
- College of Forestry and PratacultureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research CenterYinchuanChina
| | - Ruize Liang
- College of Forestry and PratacultureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research CenterYinchuanChina
| | - Bo Ji
- Institute of Forestry and Grassland EcologyNingxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesYinchuanChina
| | - Zhanjun Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Grassland EcologyNingxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesYinchuanChina
| | - Hongmei Wang
- College of Forestry and PratacultureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research CenterYinchuanChina
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Forestry and PratacultureNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research CenterYinchuanChina
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45
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Su J, Xu F, Zhang Y. Grassland biodiversity and ecosystem functions benefit more from cattle than sheep in mixed grazing: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117769. [PMID: 36958283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands have been widely grazed for livestock production by cattle and sheep. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the impacts of single-species grazing on grassland biodiversity and ecosystem functions; the effects of mixed grazing of cattle and sheep remain largely unknown. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the impacts of mixed grazing and analyzed the relative roles of cattle and sheep on grassland biodiversity and multiple ecosystem functions. Mixed grazing studies mainly originated from Europe, the USA, and China. Generally, cattle and sheep exhibited distinctive impacts on grassland biodiversity and functions in single-species and mixed grazing regimes. Cattle grazing alone increased plant diversity and soil organic carbon content (SOC), while sheep grazing alone had little impact. Compared to single-species grazing, mixed grazing generally increased plant density and richness of insect herbivores and decreased soil nematode richness, but did not alter plant biomass, soil nitrogen, or nematode abundance. Cattle in the mixed grazing regime increased plant diversity, biomasses of forbs and legumes, SOC, and liveweight gains of livestock. The mixed grazing impacts were further regulated by climate conditions, grazing intensity, and grazing duration. Our findings provide compelling evidence that mixed grazing benefits biodiversity, soil carbon sequestration, livestock production, and community structure of grasslands, and cattle are more influential than sheep in creating the benefits of mixed grazing for sustainable management of grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, PR China
| | - Fengwei Xu
- Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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46
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Zhang J, Feng Y, Maestre FT, Berdugo M, Wang J, Coleine C, Sáez-Sandino T, García-Velázquez L, Singh BK, Delgado-Baquerizo M. Water availability creates global thresholds in multidimensional soil biodiversity and functions. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1002-1011. [PMID: 37169879 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soils support an immense portion of Earth's biodiversity and maintain multiple ecosystem functions which are essential for human well-being. Environmental thresholds are known to govern global vegetation patterns, but it is still unknown whether they can be used to predict the distribution of soil organisms and functions across global biomes. Using a global field survey of 383 sites across contrasting climatic and vegetation conditions, here we showed that soil biodiversity and functions exhibited pervasive nonlinear patterns worldwide and are mainly governed by water availability (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration). Changes in water availability resulted in drastic shifts in soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and soil functions including plant-microbe interactions, plant productivity, soil biogeochemical cycles and soil carbon sequestration. Our findings highlight that crossing specific water availability thresholds can have critical consequences for the provision of essential ecosystem services needed to sustain our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Youzhi Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Department of Environment Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Depatamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juntao Wang
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Claudia Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tadeo Sáez-Sandino
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
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Asefa A, Reuber V, Miehe G, Wraase L, Wube T, Schabo DG, Farwig N. Human activities modulate reciprocal effects of a subterranean ecological engineer rodent, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, on Afroalpine vegetation cover. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10337. [PMID: 37465614 PMCID: PMC10350814 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities, directly and indirectly, impact ecological engineering activities of subterranean rodents. As engineering activities of burrowing rodents are affected by, and reciprocally affect vegetation cover via feeding, burrowing and mound building, human influence such as settlements and livestock grazing, could have cascading effects on biodiversity and ecosystem processes such as bioturbation. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between human activities and burrowing rodents. The aim of this study was therefore to understand how human activities influence the ecological engineering activity of the giant root-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), a subterranean rodent species endemic to the Afroalpine ecosystem of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. We collected data on human impact, burrowing activity and vegetation during February and March of 2021. Using path analysis, we tested (1) direct effects of human settlement on the patterns of livestock grazing intensity, (2) direct and indirect impacts of humans and livestock grazing intensity on the root-rat burrow density and (3) whether human settlement and livestock grazing influence the effects of giant root-rat burrow density on vegetation and vice versa. We found lower levels of livestock grazing intensity further from human settlement than in its proximity. We also found a significantly increased giant root-rat burrow density with increasing livestock grazing intensity. Seasonal settlement and livestock grazing intensity had an indirect negative and positive effect on giant root-rat burrow density, respectively, both via vegetation cover. Analysing the reciprocal effects of giant root-rat on vegetation, we found a significantly decreased vegetation cover with increasing density of giant root-rat burrows, and indirectly with increasing livestock grazing intensity via giant root-rat burrow density. Our results demonstrate that giant root-rats play a synanthropic engineering role that affects vegetation structure and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Asefa
- Department of Biology, Conservation EcologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Victoria Reuber
- Department of Biology, Conservation EcologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Georg Miehe
- Department of Geography, Vegetation GeographyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Luise Wraase
- Department of Geography, Environmental InformaticsPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Tilaye Wube
- Department of Zoology, College of Natural and Computational SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Dana G. Schabo
- Department of Biology, Conservation EcologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Department of Biology, Conservation EcologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
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Pringle RM, Abraham JO, Anderson TM, Coverdale TC, Davies AB, Dutton CL, Gaylard A, Goheen JR, Holdo RM, Hutchinson MC, Kimuyu DM, Long RA, Subalusky AL, Veldhuis MP. Impacts of large herbivores on terrestrial ecosystems. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R584-R610. [PMID: 37279691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large herbivores play unique ecological roles and are disproportionately imperiled by human activity. As many wild populations dwindle towards extinction, and as interest grows in restoring lost biodiversity, research on large herbivores and their ecological impacts has intensified. Yet, results are often conflicting or contingent on local conditions, and new findings have challenged conventional wisdom, making it hard to discern general principles. Here, we review what is known about the ecosystem impacts of large herbivores globally, identify key uncertainties, and suggest priorities to guide research. Many findings are generalizable across ecosystems: large herbivores consistently exert top-down control of plant demography, species composition, and biomass, thereby suppressing fires and the abundance of smaller animals. Other general patterns do not have clearly defined impacts: large herbivores respond to predation risk but the strength of trophic cascades is variable; large herbivores move vast quantities of seeds and nutrients but with poorly understood effects on vegetation and biogeochemistry. Questions of the greatest relevance for conservation and management are among the least certain, including effects on carbon storage and other ecosystem functions and the ability to predict outcomes of extinctions and reintroductions. A unifying theme is the role of body size in regulating ecological impact. Small herbivores cannot fully substitute for large ones, and large-herbivore species are not functionally redundant - losing any, especially the largest, will alter net impact, helping to explain why livestock are poor surrogates for wild species. We advocate leveraging a broad spectrum of techniques to mechanistically explain how large-herbivore traits and environmental context interactively govern the ecological impacts of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Pringle
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Joel O Abraham
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - T Michael Anderson
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Tyler C Coverdale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andrew B Davies
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob R Goheen
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82072, USA
| | - Ricardo M Holdo
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew C Hutchinson
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Duncan M Kimuyu
- Department of Natural Resources, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya
| | - Ryan A Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Amanda L Subalusky
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michiel P Veldhuis
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhang K, Qiu Y, Zhao Y, Wang S, Deng J, Chen M, Xu X, Wang H, Bai T, He T, Zhang Y, Chen H, Wang Y, Hu S. Moderate precipitation reduction enhances nitrogen cycling and soil nitrous oxide emissions in a semi-arid grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3114-3129. [PMID: 36892227 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing climate change is predicted to induce more weather extremes such as frequent drought and high-intensity precipitation events, causing more severe drying-rewetting cycles in soil. However, it remains largely unknown how these changes will affect soil nitrogen (N)-cycling microbes and the emissions of potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2 O). Utilizing a field precipitation manipulation in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau, we examined how precipitation reduction (ca. -30%) influenced soil N2 O and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions in field, and in a complementary lab-incubation with simulated drying-rewetting cycles. Results obtained showed that precipitation reduction stimulated plant root turnover and N-cycling processes, enhancing soil N2 O and CO2 emissions in field, particularly after each rainfall event. Also, high-resolution isotopic analyses revealed that field soil N2 O emissions primarily originated from nitrification process. The incubation experiment further showed that in field soils under precipitation reduction, drying-rewetting stimulated N mineralization and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in favor of genera Nitrosospira and Nitrosovibrio, increasing nitrification and N2 O emissions. These findings suggest that moderate precipitation reduction, accompanied with changes in drying-rewetting cycles under future precipitation scenarios, may enhance N cycling processes and soil N2 O emissions in semi-arid ecosystems, feeding positively back to the ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangcheng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunpeng Qiu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Ningxia Yunwu Mountains Grassland Natural Reserve Administration, Guyuan, 756000, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Ningxia Yunwu Mountains Grassland Natural Reserve Administration, Guyuan, 756000, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tongshuo Bai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tangqing He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huaihai Chen
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
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50
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Yang M, Liang S, Zhou H, Li Y, Zhong Q, Yang Z. Consumption in Non-Pastoral Regions Drove Three-Quarters of Forage-Livestock Conflicts in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7721-7732. [PMID: 37163752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forage-livestock conflict (FLC) is a major anthropogenic cause of rangeland degradation. It poses tremendous threats to the environment owing to its adverse impacts on carbon sequestration, water supply and regulation, and biodiversity conservation. Existing policy interventions focus on the in situ FLCs induced by local production activities but overlook the role of consumption activities in driving FLCs. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal variations in China's FLCs and the domestic final consumers at the county level by combining remote sensing data and multi-regional input-output model. Results show that during 2005-2015, China's pastoralism induced an average of 82 million tons of FLCs per year. Domestic final demand was responsible for 85-93% of the FLCs in China. There was spatiotemporal heterogeneity in domestic consumption driving China's FLCs. In particular, the final demand of non-pastoral regions was responsible for around three-quarters (74-79%) of the total FLCs throughout the decade. The rangeland-based livestock raising, agricultural and sideline product processing, and catering sectors are important demand-side drivers. These findings can support targeted demand-side strategies and interregional cooperation to reduce China's FLCs, thus mitigating rangeland degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Liang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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