1
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Li DD, Zhou T, Gao J, Wu GL, Yang GR. Circadian rhythms and breast cancer: from molecular level to therapeutic advancements. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:419. [PMID: 39266868 PMCID: PMC11393214 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Circadian rhythms, the endogenous biological clocks that govern physiological processes, have emerged as pivotal regulators in the development and progression of breast cancer. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay between circadian disruption and breast tumorigenesis from multifaceted perspectives, encompassing biological rhythms, circadian gene regulation, tumor microenvironment dynamics, and genetic polymorphisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Epidemiological evidence underscores the profound impact of external factors, such as night shift work, jet lag, dietary patterns, and exercise routines, on breast cancer risk and progression through the perturbation of circadian homeostasis. The review elucidates the distinct roles of key circadian genes, including CLOCK, BMAL1, PER, and CRY, in breast cancer biology, highlighting their therapeutic potential as molecular targets. Additionally, it investigates how circadian rhythm dysregulation shapes the tumor microenvironment, fostering epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chronic inflammation, and immunosuppression, thereby promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, the review sheds light on the association between circadian gene polymorphisms and breast cancer susceptibility, paving the way for personalized risk assessment and tailored treatment strategies. CONCLUSIONS Importantly, it explores innovative therapeutic modalities that harness circadian rhythms, including chronotherapy, melatonin administration, and traditional Chinese medicine interventions. Overall, this comprehensive review emphasizes the critical role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and highlights the promising prospects for the development of circadian rhythm-based interventions to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou-Dou Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan-Lin Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guang-Rui Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Zhu H, Xu Y, Lin D, Wang X, Niu B. Relationship between social jetlag and body mass index in nurses working shift schedules: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16911. [PMID: 39043785 PMCID: PMC11266361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between shift-working nurses' social jetlag and body mass index (BMI) and provide a theoretical basis for nursing managers to develop appropriate health interventions. Shift work is unavoidable in nursing and is associated with circadian rhythm disorders. Social jetlag is prevalent in shift-working nurses and is associated with adverse health outcomes (particularly metabolism-related indicators). BMI is a significant metabolic indicator, and research has demonstrated its effectiveness in predicting the formation of metabolic syndrome. The relationship between social jetlag and BMI can be explained by considering physiological, psychological, and behavioral factors. However, most studies on social jetlag and health status are focused on non-shift nurse populations, with fewer studies on shift workers. Five tertiary hospitals located at similar latitudes in Southwest China were selected for the study. We surveyed 429 shift-working nurses using sociodemographic data, the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for Shift Workers, and BMI. The restricted cubic spline model was used to analyze the relationship between social jetlag and BMI among shift-working nurses, and segmented linear regression was performed around the inflection point using multiple linear regression analysis. The results revealed that social jetlag (82.0 [85.0] min) was experienced by 64.6% of the shift-working nurses. After controlling for confounding variables, the model with seven knots had the lowest accepted Akaike information criterion value, and there was a U-shaped relationship between shift-working nurses' BMI and social jetlag in this model; its inflection (lowest) point of 20.7 was considered the cut-off point. Segmented regression showed that for BMI < 20.7, BMI was significantly negative with standardized social jetlag; whereas with BMI > 20.7, BMI was significantly positive with standardized social jetlag. BMI has a U-shaped relationship with social jetlag, and attention should be paid to overweight or underweight shift-working nurses to detect early circadian rhythm disorder. Shift-working nurses with high social jetlag tended to have higher/lower BMI, which should be further investigated in the future, to minimize metabolic diseases among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Zhu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Daiqiong Lin
- Department of Nursing, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang City, Neijiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Niu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Li S, Wang H, Ren B, Li J, Bao Z, Liu J, Guo M, Yang G, Chen L. Circadian control of ConA-induced acute liver injury and inflammatory response via Bmal1 regulation of Junb. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100856. [PMID: 37791375 PMCID: PMC10542646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Circadian rhythms play significant roles in immune responses, and many inflammatory processes in liver diseases are associated with malfunctioning molecular clocks. However, the significance of the circadian clock in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), which is characterised by immune-mediated hepatocyte destruction and extensive inflammatory cytokine production, remains unclear. Methods We tested the difference in susceptibility to the immune-mediated liver injury induced by concanavalin A (ConA) at various time points throughout a day in mice and analysed the effects of global, hepatocyte, or myeloid cell deletion of the core clock gene, Bmal1 (basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like 1), on liver injury and inflammatory responses. Multiple molecular biology techniques and mice with macrophage-specific knockdown of Junb, a Bmal1 target gene, were used to investigate the involvement of Junb in the circadian control of ConA-induced hepatitis. Results The susceptibility to ConA-induced liver injury is highly dependent on the timing of ConA injection. The treatment at Zeitgeber time 0 (lights on) triggers the highest mortality as well as the severest liver injury and inflammatory responses. Further study revealed that this timing effect was driven by macrophage, but not hepatocyte, Bmal1. Mechanistically, Bmal1 controls the diurnal variation of ConA-induced hepatitis by directly regulating the circadian transcription of Junb and promoting M1 macrophage activation. Inhibition of Junb in macrophages blunts the administration time-dependent effect of ConA and attenuates liver injury. Moreover, we demonstrated that Junb promotes macrophage inflammation by regulating AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathways. Conclusions Our findings uncover a critical role of the Bmal1-Junb-AKT/ERK axis in the circadian control of ConA-induced hepatitis and provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of AIH. Impact and Implications This study unveils a critical role of the Bmal1-Junb-AKT/ERK axis in the circadian control of ConA-induced liver injury, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated hepatitis, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The findings have scientific implications as they enhance our understanding of the circadian regulation of immune responses in liver diseases. Furthermore, clinically, this research offers opportunities for optimising treatment strategies in immune-mediated hepatitis by considering the timing of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaiyi Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- Wuhu Hospital and Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baoyin Ren
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiyue Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meina Guo
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangrui Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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4
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Shen B, Ma C, Wu G, Liu H, Chen L, Yang G. Effects of exercise on circadian rhythms in humans. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1282357. [PMID: 37886134 PMCID: PMC10598774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1282357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological clock system is an intrinsic timekeeping device that integrates internal physiology and external cues. Maintaining a healthy biological clock system is crucial for life. Disruptions to the body's internal clock can lead to disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle and abnormalities in hormone regulation, blood pressure, heart rate, and other vital processes. Long-term disturbances have been linked to the development of various common major diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, tumors, neuropsychiatric conditions, and so on. External factors, such as the diurnal rhythm of light, have a significant impact on the body's internal clock. Additionally, as an important non-photic zeitgeber, exercise can regulate the body's internal rhythms to a certain extent, making it possible to become a non-drug intervention for preventing and treating circadian rhythm disorders. This comprehensive review encompasses behavioral, physiological, and molecular perspectives to provide a deeper understanding of how exercise influences circadian rhythms and its association with related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Shen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Changxiao Ma
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Guanlin Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangrui Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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5
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Xue Q, Wang R, Zhu-Ge R, Guo L. Research progresses on the effects of heavy metals on the circadian clock system. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2022-0104. [PMID: 37572029 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution with heavy metals is widespread, thus increasing attention has been paid to their toxic effects. Recent studies have suggested that heavy metals may influence the expression of circadian clock genes. Almost all organs and tissues exhibit circadian rhythms. The normal circadian rhythm of an organism is maintained by the central and peripheral circadian clock. Thus, circadian rhythm disorders perturb normal physiological processes. Here, we review the effects of heavy metals, including manganese, copper, cadmium, and lead, on four core circadian clock genes, i.e., ARNTL, CLOCK, PER, and CRY genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xue
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruijian Zhu-Ge
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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6
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Dong Y, Cheng L, Zhao Y. Resetting the circadian clock of Alzheimer’s mice via GLP-1 injection combined with time-restricted feeding. Front Physiol 2022; 13:911437. [PMID: 36148311 PMCID: PMC9487156 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.911437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are the most common symptoms during the early onset of AD. Circadian rhythm disorders aggravate the deposition of amyloid plaques in the brains of AD patients. Therefore, improving the circadian rhythm of AD patients might slow down the pathological development of neurodegeneration. Circadian regulation is driven by a master clock in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and peripheral clock located in peripheral organs. The rhythmic feeding–fasting cycle has been proved to dominant cue to entrain peripheral clocks. We hypothesized that dietary intervention to a certain period of time during the dark phase might entrain the clock and reset the disrupted daily rhythms of AD mice. In this study, exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) treatment, time-restricted feeding (TRF), and the combination were used to examine the effect of overall circadian rhythm and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of transgenic AD mice. It was confirmed that GLP-1 administration together with time-restricted feeding improves circadian rhythm of 5 × FAD mice including the physiological rhythm of the activity–rest cycle, feeding–fasting cycle, core body temperature, and hormone secretion. Furthermore, GLP-1 and TRF treatments improved the diurnal metabolic homeostasis, spatial cognition, and learning of 5 × FAD mice. The aberrant expression of clock genes, including Baml1, Clock, and Dbp, was improved in the hypothalamus, and pathological changes in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation were also observed in AD mice with dual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Dong
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Le Cheng
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- BGI-Yunnan, BGI-Shenzhen, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yingying Zhao,
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7
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Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding on Adaptation to a 6-Hour Delay Phase Shift or a 12-Hour Phase Shift in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153025. [PMID: 35893879 PMCID: PMC9329972 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more people are suffering from circadian disruption. However, there is no well-accepted treatment. Recently, time-restricted feeding (TRF) was proposed as a potential non-drug intervention to alleviate jet lag in mice, especially in mice treated with a 6-h advanced phase shift. Here, we challenged C57BL/6 mice with a 6-h delay phase shift or a 12-h shift (day-night reversal) combined with 6- or 12-h TRF within the dark phase and found the beneficial effects of given TRF strategies in certain phase-shifting situations. Although behavioral fitness did not correlate well with health status, none of the TRF strategies we used deteriorated lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. These findings improve our understanding of the benefits of TRF for adaptation to circadian disruption.
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8
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Zhang J, Liu C, Liang Q, Zheng F, Guan Y, Yang G, Chen L. Postnatal deletion of Bmal1 in mice protects against obstructive renal fibrosis via suppressing Gli2 transcription. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21530. [PMID: 33813752 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002452r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock is involved in regulating most renal physiological functions, including water and electrolyte balance and blood pressure homeostasis, however, the role of circadian clock in renal pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Here we aimed to investigate the role of Bmal1, a core clock component, in the development of renal fibrosis, the hallmark of pathological features in many renal diseases. The inducible Bmal1 knockout mice (iKO) whose gene deletion occurred in adulthood were used in the study. Analysis of the urinary water, sodium and potassium excretion showed that the iKO mice exhibit abolished diurnal variations. In the model of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction, the iKO mice displayed significantly decreased tubulointerstitial fibrosis reflected by attenuated collagen deposition and mitigated expression of fibrotic markers α-SMA and fibronectin. The hedgehog pathway transcriptional effectors Gli1 and Gli2, which have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, were significantly decreased in the iKO mice. Mechanistically, ChIP assay and luciferase reporter assay revealed that BMAL1 bound to the promoter of and activate the transcription of Gli2, but not Gli1, suggesting that the involvement of Bmal1 in renal fibrosis was possibly mediated via Gli2-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, treatment with TGF-β increased Bmal1 in cultured murine proximal tubular cells. Knockdown of Bmal1 abolished, while overexpression of Bmal1 increased, Gli2 and the expression of fibrosis-related genes. Collectively, these results revealed a prominent role of the core clock gene Bmal1 in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Moreover, we identified Gli2 as a novel target of Bmal1, which may mediate the adverse effect of Bmal1 in obstructive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangrui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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9
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Ren B, Ma C, Chen L, FitzGerald GA, Yang G. Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding to Late Night on Adaptation to a 6 h Phase Advance of the Light-Dark Cycle in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:634187. [PMID: 33664675 PMCID: PMC7920952 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.634187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern society, more and more people suffer from circadian disruption, which in turn affects health. But until now, there are no widely accepted therapies for circadian disorders. Rhythmic feeding behavior is one of the most potent non-photic zeitgebers, thus it has been suggested that it was important to eat during specific periods of time (time-restricted feeding, TRF) so that feeding is aligned with environmental cues under normal light/dark conditions. Here, we challenged mice with a 6 h advanced shift, combined with various approaches to TRF, and found that food restricted to the second half of the nights after the shift facilitated adaptation. This coincided with improved resilience to sepsis. These results raise the possibility of reducing the adverse responses to jet lag by subsequent timing of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyin Ren
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Changxiao Ma
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guangrui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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10
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Suarez-Roca H, Mamoun N, Sigurdson MI, Maixner W. Baroreceptor Modulation of the Cardiovascular System, Pain, Consciousness, and Cognition. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1373-1423. [PMID: 33577130 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Baroreceptors are mechanosensitive elements of the peripheral nervous system that maintain cardiovascular homeostasis by coordinating the responses to external and internal environmental stressors. While it is well known that carotid and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors modulate sympathetic vasomotor and parasympathetic cardiac neural autonomic drive, to avoid excessive fluctuations in vascular tone and maintain intravascular volume, there is increasing recognition that baroreceptors also modulate a wide range of non-cardiovascular physiological responses via projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract to regions of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord. These projections regulate pain perception, sleep, consciousness, and cognition. In this article, we summarize the physiology of baroreceptor pathways and responses to baroreceptor activation with an emphasis on the mechanisms influencing cardiovascular function, pain perception, consciousness, and cognition. Understanding baroreceptor-mediated effects on cardiac and extra-cardiac autonomic activities will further our understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple common clinical conditions, such as chronic pain, disorders of consciousness (e.g., abnormalities in sleep-wake), and cognitive impairment, which may result in the identification and implementation of novel treatment modalities. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1373-1423, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heberto Suarez-Roca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Negmeldeen Mamoun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin I Sigurdson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Landspitali, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - William Maixner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated novel approaches and collaborative efforts across multiple disciplines. It is known that various aspects of our physiology and response to pathogens are under tight clock control. However, the assimilation of circadian biology into our clinical and research practices is still evolving. Using a focused review of the literature and original analyses of the UK Biobank, we discuss how circadian biology may inform our diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaon Sengupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of
Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute of Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas G. Brooks
- Institute of Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory R. Grant
- Institute of Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of
Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute of Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Systems Pharmacology University of
Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Jacob H, Curtis AM, Kearney CJ. Therapeutics on the clock: Circadian medicine in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114254. [PMID: 33010213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a collection of endogenous oscillators with a periodicity of ~ 24 h. Recently, our understanding of circadian rhythms and their regulation at genomic and physiologic scales has grown significantly. Knowledge of the circadian influence on biological processes has provided new possibilities for novel pharmacological strategies. Directly targeting the biological clock or its downstream targets, and/or using timing as a variable in drug therapy are now important pharmacological considerations. The circadian machinery mediates many aspects of the inflammatory response and, reciprocally, an inflammatory environment can disrupt circadian rhythms. Therefore, intense interest exists in leveraging circadian biology as a means to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease, which all display some type of circadian signature. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the crosstalk between circadian rhythms, inflammatory diseases, and their pharmacological treatment. Evidence suggests that carefully rationalized application of chronotherapy strategies - alone or in combination with small molecule modulators of circadian clock components - can improve efficacy and reduce toxicity, thus warranting further investigation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Jacob
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cathal J Kearney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA.
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13
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Yang G, Chen L, Zhang J, Ren B, FitzGerald GA. Bmal1 deletion in mice facilitates adaptation to disrupted light/dark conditions. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125133. [PMID: 30973828 PMCID: PMC6542608 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, by utilizing conventional and tamoxifen inducible Bmal1 (Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) knockout mice, we found that delaying the loss of circadian rhythms to adulthood attenuates the impact on general integrity and survival at least under 12h light/12h dark conditions (LD). To understand further the contribution of Bmal1 in post-natal life under conditions of circadian disruption, we subjected inducible knockout mice (KO) and their littermate controls (Ctrl) to forced desynchrony protocols including cycles with non-24h periods, randomized light/dark cycles, and jet lag, and monitored their locomotor activity using radiotelemetry. Under these conditions, control mice cannot be entrained, as reflected by their maintenance of circadian behavior irrespective of schedules. By contrast, KO mice displayed higher activity levels in the dark phases of most cycles. Under a 3h light/3h dark regime, Ctrls displayed higher activity levels in the dark phases of all cycles although there were still obvious circadian rhythms, suggesting that an ultradian mechanism is also involved. Insulin sensitivity was markedly reduced by disrupted light schedules as expected in Ctrls, but not in the KOs. Thus, Bmal1 deletion in adult mice facilitates adaptation to new light/dark schedules and protects from insulin resistance induced by circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Baoyin Ren
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, China
- Reviewer of NSR
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15
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Wittenbrink N, Ananthasubramaniam B, Münch M, Koller B, Maier B, Weschke C, Bes F, de Zeeuw J, Nowozin C, Wahnschaffe A, Wisniewski S, Zaleska M, Bartok O, Ashwal-Fluss R, Lammert H, Herzel H, Hummel M, Kadener S, Kunz D, Kramer A. High-accuracy determination of internal circadian time from a single blood sample. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3826-3839. [PMID: 29953415 DOI: 10.1172/jci120874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock is a fundamental and pervasive biological program that coordinates 24-hour rhythms in physiology, metabolism, and behavior, and it is essential to health. Whereas therapy adapted to time of day is increasingly reported to be highly successful, it needs to be personalized, since internal circadian time is different for each individual. In addition, internal time is not a stable trait, but is influenced by many factors, including genetic predisposition, age, sex, environmental light levels, and season. An easy and convenient diagnostic tool is currently missing. METHODS To establish a validated test, we followed a 3-stage biomarker development strategy: (a) using circadian transcriptomics of blood monocytes from 12 individuals in a constant routine protocol combined with machine learning approaches, we identified biomarkers for internal time; and these biomarkers (b) were migrated to a clinically relevant gene expression profiling platform (NanoString) and (c) were externally validated using an independent study with 28 early or late chronotypes. RESULTS We developed a highly accurate and simple assay (BodyTime) to estimate the internal circadian time in humans from a single blood sample. Our assay needs only a small set of blood-based transcript biomarkers and is as accurate as the current gold standard method, dim-light melatonin onset, at smaller monetary, time, and sample-number cost. CONCLUSION The BodyTime assay provides a new diagnostic tool for personalization of health care according to the patient's circadian clock. FUNDING This study was supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Germany (FKZ: 13N13160 and 13N13162) and Intellux GmbH, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wittenbrink
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, Systems Immunology Lab, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bharath Ananthasubramaniam
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Münch
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany.,St-Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Sleep and Chronomedicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Group Sleep Research and Clinical Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Koller
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Maier
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Weschke
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Bes
- St-Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Sleep and Chronomedicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Group Sleep Research and Clinical Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan de Zeeuw
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Group Sleep Research and Clinical Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Intellux Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Nowozin
- St-Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Sleep and Chronomedicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Group Sleep Research and Clinical Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amely Wahnschaffe
- St-Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Sleep and Chronomedicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Group Sleep Research and Clinical Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Wisniewski
- St-Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Sleep and Chronomedicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Group Sleep Research and Clinical Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Osnat Bartok
- The Hebrew University, Biological Chemistry Department, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Ashwal-Fluss
- The Hebrew University, Biological Chemistry Department, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hedwig Lammert
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kadener
- The Hebrew University, Biological Chemistry Department, Jerusalem, Israel.,Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dieter Kunz
- St-Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Sleep and Chronomedicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Group Sleep Research and Clinical Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Intellux Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Özçürümez MK, Haeckel R. Biological variables influencing the estimation of reference limits. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2018; 78:337-345. [PMID: 29764232 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2018.1471617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reference limits (RLs) are required to evaluate laboratory results for medical decisions. The establishment of RL depends on the pre-analytical and the analytical conditions. Furthermore, biological characteristics of the sub-population chosen to provide the reference samples may influence the RL. The most important biological preconditions are gender, age, chronobiological influences, posture, regional and ethnic effects. The influence of these components varies and is often neglected. Therefore, a list of biological variables is collected from the literature and their influence on the estimation of RL is discussed. Biological preconditions must be specified if RL are reported as well for directly as for indirectly estimated RL. The influence of biological variables is especially important if RL established by direct methods are compared with those derived from indirect techniques. Even if these factors are not incorporated into the estimation of RL, their understanding can assist the interpretation of laboratory results of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa K Özçürümez
- a IMD-Oderland GmbH , Frankfurt (Oder) , Germany.,b Institut für Klinische Chemie Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Rainer Haeckel
- c Bremer Zentrum für Laboratoriumsmedizin Klinikum Bremen Mitte , Bremen , Germany
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17
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Wang H. Perfect timing: a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for circadian clocks. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Saito N, Yamaguchi M. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Chiral Cylindrical Molecular Complexes: Functional Heterogeneous Liquid-Solid Materials Formed by Helicene Oligomers. Molecules 2018; 23:E277. [PMID: 29382168 PMCID: PMC6017771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral cylindrical molecular complexes of homo- and hetero-double-helices derived from helicene oligomers self-assemble in solution, providing functional heterogeneous liquid-solid materials. Gels and liotropic liquid crystals are formed by fibril self-assembly in solution; molecular monolayers and fibril films are formed by self-assembly on solid surfaces; gels containing gold nanoparticles emit light; silica nanoparticles aggregate and adsorb double-helices. Notable dynamics appears during self-assembly, including multistep self-assembly, solid surface catalyzed double-helix formation, sigmoidal and stairwise kinetics, molecular recognition of nanoparticles, discontinuous self-assembly, materials clocking, chiral symmetry breaking and homogeneous-heterogeneous transitions. These phenomena are derived from strong intercomplex interactions of chiral cylindrical molecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Saito
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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19
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Abstract
Physiological function, disease expression and drug effects vary by time-of-day. Clock disruption in mice results in cardio-metabolic, immunological and neurological dysfunction; circadian misalignment using forced desynchrony increases cardiovascular risk factors in humans. Here we integrated data from remote sensors, physiological and multi-omics analyses to assess the feasibility of detecting time dependent signals - the chronobiome – despite the “noise” attributable to the behavioral differences of free-living human volunteers. The majority (62%) of sensor readouts showed time-specific variability including the expected variation in blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol. While variance in the multi-omics is dominated by inter-individual differences, temporal patterns are evident in the metabolome (5.4% in plasma, 5.6% in saliva) and in several genera of the oral microbiome. This demonstrates, despite a small sample size and limited sampling, the feasibility of characterizing at scale the human chronobiome “in the wild”. Such reference data at scale are a prerequisite to detect and mechanistically interpret discordant data derived from patients with temporal patterns of disease expression, to develop time-specific therapeutic strategies and to refine existing treatments.
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20
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Liang X, FitzGerald GA. Timing the Microbes: The Circadian Rhythm of the Gut Microbiome. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:505-515. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730417729066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Merck Research Laboratories Cambridge Exploratory Science Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
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21
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Huo M, Huang Y, Qu D, Zhang H, Wong WT, Chawla A, Huang Y, Tian XY. Myeloid Bmal1 deletion increases monocyte recruitment and worsens atherosclerosis. FASEB J 2017; 31:1097-1106. [PMID: 27927724 PMCID: PMC6191064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601030r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BMAL1, the nonredundant transcription factor in the core molecular clock, has been implicated in cardiometabolic diseases in mice and humans. BMAL1 controls the cyclic trafficking of Ly6chi monocytes to sites of acute inflammation. Myeloid deficiency of Bmal1 also worsens chronic inflammation in diet-induced obesity. We studied whether myeloid Bmal1 deletion promotes atherosclerosis by enhancing monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions. By generating Bmal1FloxP/FloxP;LysMCre mice on the Apoe-/- background, we showed that Bmal1 deletion in myeloid cells increased the size of atherosclerotic lesions. Bmal1 deficiency in monocytes and macrophages resulted in an increased total number of lesional macrophages in general and Ly6chi infiltrating monocyte-macrophages in particular, accompanied by skewed M2 to M1 macrophage phenotype. Ly6chi and/or Ly6clo monocyte subsets in blood, spleen, and bone marrow were not altered. Cell tracking and adoptive transfer of Ly6chi monocytes showed Bmal1 deficiency induced more trafficking of Ly6chi monocytes to atherosclerotic lesions, preferential differentiation of Ly6chi monocytes into M1 macrophages, and increased macrophage content and lesion size in the carotid arteries. We demonstrated that Bmal1 deficiency in macrophages promotes atherosclerosis by enhancing recruitment of Ly6chi monocytes to atherosclerotic lesions.-Huo, M., Huang, Y., Qu, D., Zhang, H., Wong, W. T., Chawla, A., Huang, Y., Tian, X. Y. Myeloid Bmal1 deletion increases monocyte recruitment and worsens atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Huo
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Qu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ajay Chawla
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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Fitzgerald GA, Yang G, Paschos GK, Liang X, Skarke C. Molecular clocks and the human condition: approaching their characterization in human physiology and disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 Suppl 1:139-42. [PMID: 26332979 PMCID: PMC4562067 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clockworks knit together diverse biological networks and compelling evidence from model systems infers their importance in metabolism, immunological and cardiovascular function. Despite this and the diurnal variation in many aspects of human physiology and the phenotypic expression of disease, our understanding of the role and importance of clock function and dysfunction in humans is modest. There are tantalizing hints of connection across the translational divide and some correlative evidence of gene variation and human disease but most of what we know derives from forced desynchrony protocols in controlled environments. We now have the ability to monitor quantitatively ex vivo or in vivo the genome, metabolome, proteome and microbiome of humans in the wild. Combining this capability, with the power of mobile telephony and the evolution of remote sensing, affords a new opportunity for deep phenotyping, including the characterization of diurnal behaviour and the assessment of the impact of the clock on approved drug function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Fitzgerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School Of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Yang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School Of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G K Paschos
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School Of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - X Liang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School Of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Skarke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School Of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Liang X, Bushman FD, FitzGerald GA. Rhythmicity of the intestinal microbiota is regulated by gender and the host circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10479-84. [PMID: 26240359 PMCID: PMC4547234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501305112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, multiple physiological, metabolic, and behavioral processes are subject to circadian rhythms, adapting to changing light in the environment. Here we analyzed circadian rhythms in the fecal microbiota of mice using deep sequencing, and found that the absolute amount of fecal bacteria and the abundance of Bacteroidetes exhibited circadian rhythmicity, which was more pronounced in female mice. Disruption of the host circadian clock by deletion of Bmal1, a gene encoding a core molecular clock component, abolished rhythmicity in the fecal microbiota composition in both genders. Bmal1 deletion also induced alterations in bacterial abundances in feces, with differential effects based on sex. Thus, although host behavior, such as time of feeding, is of recognized importance, here we show that sex interacts with the host circadian clock, and they collectively shape the circadian rhythmicity and composition of the fecal microbiota in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104;
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24
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Curtis AM, Fagundes CT, Yang G, Palsson-McDermott EM, Wochal P, McGettrick AF, Foley NH, Early JO, Chen L, Zhang H, Xue C, Geiger SS, Hokamp K, Reilly MP, Coogan AN, Vigorito E, FitzGerald GA, O'Neill LAJ. Circadian control of innate immunity in macrophages by miR-155 targeting Bmal1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:7231-6. [PMID: 25995365 PMCID: PMC4466714 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501327112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to an innate immune challenge is conditioned by the time of day, but the molecular basis for this remains unclear. In myeloid cells, there is a temporal regulation to induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the proinflammatory microRNA miR-155 that correlates inversely with levels of BMAL1. BMAL1 in the myeloid lineage inhibits activation of NF-κB and miR-155 induction and protects mice from LPS-induced sepsis. Bmal1 has two miR-155-binding sites in its 3'-UTR, and, in response to LPS, miR-155 binds to these two target sites, leading to suppression of Bmal1 mRNA and protein in mice and humans. miR-155 deletion perturbs circadian function, gives rise to a shorter circadian day, and ablates the circadian effect on cytokine responses to LPS. Thus, the molecular clock controls miR-155 induction that can repress BMAL1 directly. This leads to an innate immune response that is variably responsive to challenges across the circadian day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Curtis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Guangrui Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Eva M Palsson-McDermott
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paulina Wochal
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anne F McGettrick
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh H Foley
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James O Early
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lihong Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chenyi Xue
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sarah S Geiger
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Elena Vigorito
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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26
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Chen L, Yang G. Recent advances in circadian rhythms in cardiovascular system. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:71. [PMID: 25883568 PMCID: PMC4381645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that intrinsic circadian clocks are tightly related to cardiovascular functions. The diurnal changes in blood pressure and heart rate are well known circadian rhythms. Endothelial function, platelet aggregation and thrombus formation exhibit circadian changes as well. The onset of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death, also exhibits temporal trends. Furthermore, there is strong evidence from animal models and epidemiological studies showing that disruption of circadian rhythms is a significant risk factor for many CVDs, and the intervention of CVDs may have a time dependent effect. In this mini review, we summarized recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between circadian rhythm and cardiovascular physiology and diseases including blood pressure regulation and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chen
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guangrui Yang
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Abstract
Thaiss et al. report that the intestinal microbiota undergoes diurnal oscillation, which is controlled by host feeding time. Disruption of the host circadian clock induces dysbiosis, which is associated with host metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Circadian clocks in central and peripheral tissues enable the temporal synchronization and organization of molecular and physiological processes of rhythmic animals, allowing optimum functioning of cells and organisms at the most appropriate time of day. Disruption of circadian rhythms, from external or internal forces, leads to widespread biological disruption and is postulated to underlie many human conditions, such as the incidence and timing of cardiovascular disease. Here, we describe in vivo and in vitro methodology relevant to studying the role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular function and dysfunction.
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29
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PPARs Integrate the Mammalian Clock and Energy Metabolism. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:653017. [PMID: 24693278 PMCID: PMC3945976 DOI: 10.1155/2014/653017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of numerous target genes. PPARs play an essential role in various physiological and pathological processes, especially in energy metabolism. It has long been known that metabolism and circadian clocks are tightly intertwined. However, the mechanism of how they influence each other is not fully understood. Recently, all three PPAR isoforms were found to be rhythmically expressed in given mouse tissues. Among them, PPARα and PPARγ are direct regulators of core clock components, Bmal1 and Rev-erbα, and, conversely, PPARα is also a direct Bmal1 target gene. More importantly, recent studies using knockout mice revealed that all PPARs exert given functions in a circadian manner. These findings demonstrated a novel role of PPARs as regulators in correlating circadian rhythm and metabolism. In this review, we summarize advances in our understanding of PPARs in circadian regulation.
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