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Dolkar P, Sharma M, Modeel S, Yadav S, Siwach S, Bharti M, Yadav P, Lata P, Negi T, Negi RK. Challenges and effective tracking down strategies of antibiotic contamination in aquatic ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:55935-55957. [PMID: 39254807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
A growing environmental concern revolves around the widespread use of medicines, particularly antibiotics, which adversely impact water quality and various life forms. The unregulated production and utilization of antibiotics not only affect non-targeted organisms but also exert significant evolutionary pressures, leading to the rapid development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial communities. To address this issue, global studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence and quantities of antibiotics in various environmental components including freshwater, ocean, local sewage, and fish. These studies aim to establish effective analytical methods for identifying and measuring antibiotic residues in environmental matrices that might enable authorities to establish norms for the containment and disposal of antibiotics. This article offers a comprehensive overview of methods used to extract antibiotics from environmental matrices exploring purification techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, green extraction techniques, and concentration methods like lyophilization and rotary evaporation. It further highlights qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography-tandem along with analytical methods such as UV-Vis and tandem mass spectrometry for detecting and measuring antibiotics. Urgency is underscored for proactive strategies to curb antibiotic contamination, safeguarding the integrity of aquatic ecosystems and public health on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Dolkar
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
- Present Address: Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110049, India
| | - Sonakshi Modeel
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sheetal Yadav
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sneha Siwach
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Meghali Bharti
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pushp Lata
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Tarana Negi
- Government College, Dujana, Jhajjar, Haryana, 124102, India
| | - Ram Krishan Negi
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India.
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2
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de Souza HM, de Almeida RF, Lopes AP, Hauser-Davis RA. Review: Fish bile, a highly versatile biomarker for different environmental pollutants. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 278:109845. [PMID: 38280442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological assessments encompass a broad spectrum of biochemical endpoints and ecological factors, allowing for comprehensive assessments concerning pollutant exposure levels and their effects on both fish populations and surrounding ecosystems. While these evaluations offer invaluable insights into the overall health and dynamics of aquatic environments, they often provide an integrated perspective, making it challenging to pinpoint the precise sources and individual-level responses to environmental contaminants. In contrast, biliary pollutant excretion assessments represent a focused approach aimed at understanding how fish at the individual level respond to environmental stressors. In this sense, the analysis of pollutant profiles in fish bile not only serves as a valuable exposure indicator, but also provides critical information concerning the uptake, metabolism, and elimination of specific contaminants. Therefore, by investigating unique and dynamic fish responses to various pollutants, biliary assessments can contribute significantly to the refinement of ecotoxicological studies. This review aims to discuss the multifaceted utility of bile as a potent biomarker for various environmental pollutants in fish in targeted monitoring strategies, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, estrogenic compounds, resin acids, hepatotoxins and per- and polyfluorinated substances. The main caveats of this type of assessment are also discussed, as well as future directions of fish bile studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Martins de Souza
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Regina Fonsêca de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pontes Lopes
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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3
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Patra M, Pandey B, Dubey SK. Prevalence of diverse antimicrobial resistance genes and bacteria in sewage treatment plant-derived sludge environment. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae004. [PMID: 38463555 PMCID: PMC10923292 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) contamination in the environment is one of the most significant worldwide threats of the 21st century. Since sludge is heavily exposed to diverse contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, the inhabitant bacterial population is expected to exhibit resistance to antimicrobial agents. In this study, sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge samples were analyzed to assess the antibiotic-resistant bacterial population, abundance of AMR genes (ermF, qnrS, Sul1, blaGES, blaCTX-M, and blaNDM), and mobile genetic elements (intl1 and IS26). Out of 16, six bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to 13 antibiotics with a high multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) (0.93) and high metal tolerance. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed the abundance of target genes ranging from 6.6 × 103 to 6.5 × 108 copies g-1 sludge. The overall outcome reveals that STP sludge comprised varied multidrug-resistant bacterial populations. It will give insights into the functions of heavy metals and biofilm development in the selection and spread of AMR genes and the associated bacteria. Therefore, the application of sludge needs proper screening for AMR and metal contamination prior to its countless applications. This study will contribute immensely to the risk analysis of STP effluents on environmental health, including control of AMR transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Patra
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bhavana Pandey
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Seethalakshmi PS, RU VPN, Prabhakaran A, Prathiviraj R, Pamanji R, Kiran GS, Selvin J. Genomic investigation unveils high-risk ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae within a rural environmental water body. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 6:100216. [PMID: 38274946 PMCID: PMC10809108 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is regarded as a global threat to public health, animals, and the environment, emerging in response to extensive utilization of antimicrobials. The determinants of antimicrobial resistance are transported to susceptible bacterial populations through genetic recombination or through gene transfer, mediated by bacteriophages, plasmids, transposons, and insertion sequences. To determine the penetration of antimicrobial resistance into the bacterial population of the Thiruvandarkoil Lake, a water body located in the rural settings of Puducherry, India, culture-based microbiological and genomic approaches were used. Resistant bacterial isolates obtained from microbiological screening were subjected to whole genome sequencing and the genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance were identified using in silico genomic tools. Cephalosporin-resistant isolates were found to produce extended spectrum beta lactamases, encoded by blaVEB-6 (in Proteus mirabilis PS01), blaSHV-12 and ompK36 mutation (in Klebsiella quasipneumoniae PS02) and blaSHV-12, blaACT-16, blaCTX-M and blaNDM-1 in (Enterobacter hormaechei PS03). Genes encoding heavy metal resistance, virulence and resistance to detergents were also detected in these resistant isolates. Among ESBL-producing organisms, one mcr-9-positive Enterobacter hormaechei was also identified in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mcr-9 carrying bacterium in the environment in India. This study seeks the immediate attention of policy makers, researchers, government officials and environmental activists in India, to develop surveillance programs to monitor the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Seethalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | | | | | | | - Rajesh Pamanji
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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Muteeb G, Rehman MT, Shahwan M, Aatif M. Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1615. [PMID: 38004480 PMCID: PMC10675245 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, saving countless lives since their discovery in the early 20th century. However, the origin of antibiotics is now overshadowed by the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance. This global crisis stems from the relentless adaptability of microorganisms, driven by misuse and overuse of antibiotics. This article explores the origin of antibiotics and the subsequent emergence of antibiotic resistance. It delves into the mechanisms employed by bacteria to develop resistance, highlighting the dire consequences of drug resistance, including compromised patient care, increased mortality rates, and escalating healthcare costs. The article elucidates the latest strategies against drug-resistant microorganisms, encompassing innovative approaches such as phage therapy, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and the exploration of natural compounds. Moreover, it examines the profound impact of antibiotic resistance on drug development, rendering the pursuit of new antibiotics economically challenging. The limitations and challenges in developing novel antibiotics are discussed, along with hurdles in the regulatory process that hinder progress in this critical field. Proposals for modifying the regulatory process to facilitate antibiotic development are presented. The withdrawal of major pharmaceutical firms from antibiotic research is examined, along with potential strategies to re-engage their interest. The article also outlines initiatives to overcome economic challenges and incentivize antibiotic development, emphasizing international collaborations and partnerships. Finally, the article sheds light on government-led initiatives against antibiotic resistance, with a specific focus on the Middle East. It discusses the proactive measures taken by governments in the region, such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, to combat this global threat. In the face of antibiotic resistance, a multifaceted approach is imperative. This article provides valuable insights into the complex landscape of antibiotic development, regulatory challenges, and collaborative efforts required to ensure a future where antibiotics remain effective tools in safeguarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Muteeb
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia;
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Moayad Shahwan
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Aatif
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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6
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Guo CH, Liu YQ, Li Y, Duan XX, Yang TY, Li FY, Zou M, Liu BT. High prevalence and genomic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from large-scale rivers in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121869. [PMID: 37225077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and mcr-positive Escherichia coli (MCREC) poses a huge threat to both animal and human health. River water environments are vital reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, however, the prevalence and characteristics of CRE and MCREC from large-scale rivers in China have not been reported. In the current study, we sampled 86 rivers from four cities in Shandong Province, China in 2021 and analyzed the prevalence of CRE and MCREC. The blaNDM/blaKPC-2/mcr-positive isolates were characterized with methods including PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation, replicon typing, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We found that the prevalence of CRE and MCREC in 86 rivers was 16.3% (14/86) and 27.9% (24/86), respectively and eight rivers carried both mcr-1 and blaNDM/blaKPC-2. A total of 48 Enterobacteriaceae isolates (10 ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae with blaKPC-2, 12 blaNDM-positive E. coli and 26 MCREC carrying only mcr-1) were obtained in this study and 47 displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). Notably, 10 of the 12 blaNDM-positive E. coli isolates also harbored the mcr-1 gene. The blaKPC-2 gene was located within mobile element ISKpn27-blaKPC-2-ISKpn6 on novel F33:A-:B- non-conjugative MDR plasmids in ST11 K. pneumoniae. The dissemination of blaNDM was mediated by transferable MDR IncB/O plasmids or IncX3 plasmids while mcr-1 was primarily disseminated by highly similar IncI2 plasmids. Notably, these waterborne IncB/O, IncX3 and IncI2 plasmids were all highly similar to previously identified plasmids from animal and human isolates. A phylogenomic analysis revealed that the CRE and MCREC isolates from water environments might be derived from animals and trigger infections in humans. The high prevalence of CRE and MCREC in large-scale environmental rivers is alarming and needs sustained surveillance due to the potential risk for transmission to humans via the food chain (irrigation) or direct contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Hong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yan Li
- Qingdao Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Duan
- Qingdao Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ting-Yu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fang-Yu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ming Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Bao-Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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7
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Sahoo S, Sahoo RK, Dixit S, Behera DU, Subudhi E. NDM-5-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 belonging to high-risk clonal complex (CC11) from an urban river in eastern India. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:139. [PMID: 37124981 PMCID: PMC10133422 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we described the carbapenem bla NDM-5-carrying extensive drug-resistant (XDR) K. pneumoniae ST437 from an urban river water Kathajodi in Odisha, India. The presence of carbapenem and co-occurrence of other resistance determinants (bla NDM-5, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, and bla TEM), virulence factors (fimH, mrkD, entB, irp-1, and ybtS), and capsular serotype (K54) represent its pathogenic potential. The insertion sequence ISAba125 and the bleomycin resistance gene ble MBL at upstream and downstream, respectively, could play a significant role in the horizontal transmission of the bla NDM-5. Its biofilm formation ability contributes toward environmental protection and its survivability. MLST analysis assigned the isolate to ST437 and clonal lineage to ST11 (CC11) with a single locus variant. The ST437 K. pneumoniae, a global epidemic clone, has been reported in North America, Europe, and Asia. This work contributes in understanding of the mechanisms behind the spread of bla NDM-5 K. pneumoniae ST437 and demands extensive molecular surveillance of river and nearby hospitals for better community health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03556-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saubhagini Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, 751029 Odisha India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, 751029 Odisha India
| | - Sangita Dixit
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, 751029 Odisha India
| | - Dibyajyoti Uttameswar Behera
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, 751029 Odisha India
| | - Enketeswara Subudhi
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, 751029 Odisha India
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Qiu S, Liu K, Yang C, Xiang Y, Min K, Zhu K, Liu H, Du X, Yang M, Wang L, Sun Y, Zhou H, Mahe M, Zhao J, Li S, Yu D, Hawkey J, Holt KE, Baker S, Yang J, Xu X, Song H. A Shigella sonnei clone with extensive drug resistance associated with waterborne outbreaks in China. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7365. [PMID: 36450777 PMCID: PMC9709761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella sonnei has become a global concern. Here, we report a phylogenetic group of S. sonnei with extensive drug resistance, including a combination of multidrug resistance, coresistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin (cefRaziR), reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, and even colistin resistance (colR). This distinct clone caused six waterborne shigellosis outbreaks in China from 2015 to 2020. We collect 155 outbreak isolates and 152 sporadic isolates. The cefRaziR isolates, including outbreak strains, are mainly distributed in a distinct clade located in global Lineage III. The outbreak strains form a recently derived monophyletic group that may have emerged circa 2010. The cefRaziR and colR phenotypes are attributed to the acquisition of different plasmids, particularly the IncB/O/K/Z plasmid coharboring the blaCTX-M-14, mphA, aac(3)-IId, dfrA17, aadA5, and sul1 genes and the IncI2 plasmid with an mcr-1 gene. Genetic analyses identify 92 accessory genes and 60 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the cefRaziR phenotype. Surveillance of this clone is required to determine its dissemination and threat to global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofu Qiu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kangkang Liu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyuan Min
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Du
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjuan Yang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ligui Wang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Sun
- grid.410620.10000 0004 1757 8298Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Muti Mahe
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiayong Zhao
- grid.418504.cHenan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Deshan Yu
- grid.508057.fGansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jane Hawkey
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kathryn E. Holt
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Stephen Baker
- grid.5335.00000000121885934University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juntao Yang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- grid.430328.eShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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9
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Rabaan AA, Eljaaly K, Alhumaid S, Albayat H, Al-Adsani W, Sabour AA, Alshiekheid MA, Al-Jishi JM, Khamis F, Alwarthan S, Alhajri M, Alfaraj AH, Tombuloglu H, Garout M, Alabdullah DM, Mohammed EAE, Yami FSA, Almuhtaresh HA, Livias KA, Mutair AA, Almushrif SA, Abusalah MAHA, Ahmed N. An Overview on Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterisation of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1675. [PMID: 36422214 PMCID: PMC9696003 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Improper use of antimicrobials has resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), including multi-drug resistance (MDR) among bacteria. Recently, a sudden increase in Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has been observed. This presents a substantial challenge in the treatment of CRE-infected individuals. Bacterial plasmids include the genes for carbapenem resistance, which can also spread to other bacteria to make them resistant. The incidence of CRE is rising significantly despite the efforts of health authorities, clinicians, and scientists. Many genotypic and phenotypic techniques are available to identify CRE. However, effective identification requires the integration of two or more methods. Whole genome sequencing (WGS), an advanced molecular approach, helps identify new strains of CRE and screening of the patient population; however, WGS is challenging to apply in clinical settings due to the complexity and high expense involved with this technique. The current review highlights the molecular mechanism of development of Carbapenem resistance, the epidemiology of CRE infections, spread of CRE, treatment options, and the phenotypic/genotypic characterisation of CRE. The potential of microorganisms to acquire resistance against Carbapenems remains high, which can lead to even more susceptible drugs such as colistin and polymyxins. Hence, the current study recommends running the antibiotic stewardship programs at an institutional level to control the use of antibiotics and to reduce the spread of CRE worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Eljaaly
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Practice and Science Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85716, USA
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasl Al-Adsani
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kuwait City 63537, Kuwait
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hampton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Hampton, VA 23667, USA
| | - Amal A. Sabour
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Alshiekheid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana M. Al-Jishi
- Internal Medicine Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 635342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat 1331, Oman
| | - Sara Alwarthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Ammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Ammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H. Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34221, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa M. Alabdullah
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Dammam Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elmoeiz Ali Elnagi Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Al Yami
- Department of Medical Laboratory, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A. Almuhtaresh
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Services, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam Health Network, Dammam 5343, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kovy Arteaga Livias
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15001, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco 10000, Peru
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 33048, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawqi A. Almushrif
- Department of Microbiology and Hematology Laboratory, Dammam Comprehensive Screening Centre, Dammam 31433, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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Waśko I, Kozińska A, Kotlarska E, Baraniak A. Clinically Relevant β-Lactam Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192113829. [PMID: 36360709 PMCID: PMC9657204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the largest global concerns due to its influence in multiple areas, which is consistent with One Health's concept of close interconnections between people, animals, plants, and their shared environments. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) circulate constantly in various niches, sediments, water sources, soil, and wastes of the animal and plant sectors, and is linked to human activities. Sewage of different origins gets to the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where ARB and ARG removal efficiency is still insufficient, leading to their transmission to discharge points and further dissemination. Thus, WWTPs are believed to be reservoirs of ARGs and the source of spreading AMR. According to a World Health Organization report, the most critical pathogens for public health include Gram-negative bacteria resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems (last-choice drugs), which represent β-lactams, the most widely used antibiotics. Therefore, this paper aimed to present the available research data for ARGs in WWTPs that confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, with a particular emphasis on clinically important life-threatening mechanisms of resistance, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases (KPC, NDM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Waśko
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Medicines Institute, Chelmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-228-410-623
| | - Aleksandra Kozińska
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Medicines Institute, Chelmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kotlarska
- Genetics and Marine Biotechnology Department, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Anna Baraniak
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Medicines Institute, Chelmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Adegoke AA, Ikott WE, Okoh AI. Carbapenem Resistance Associated with Coliuria among Outpatient and Hospitalized Urology Patients. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 48:101019. [PMID: 36176538 PMCID: PMC9513764 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization in 2017 listed carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) with critical priority for research. A research to assess carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CREc) in coliuria among the outpatients and inpatients of a tertiary health institution was carried out using conventional methods, polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and bioinformatics. There were 39 positive coliuria cases from the urine samples collected from a total of 126 patients with various genitourinary diseases. The E. coli enumeration (log10 CFU/mL) revealed that 82.1% (n = 32) of the samples showed significant coliuria, 12.8% (n = 5) showed non-significant coliuria while 5.1% (n = 2) showed indeterminate coliuria even when repeated. Significantly higher numbers (p > 0.05) of the sampled inpatients yielded positive coliuria (57.9%) than the outpatients. Though there were significantly more (P > 0.05) urology female patients (n = 77) than male (n = 49), coliuria was more prevalent in sampled male patients (34.9%) than female (28.6%). Highest prevalence of coliuria was observed among the age range (18–30) years. Selected CREc that was sequenced and the sequences submitted to GenBank of National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) were Escherichia coli AYO-WINI111 and Escherichia coli AYO-WINI112 with accession number MT735391 and MT735392, respectively. High resistance was observed against ertapenem (53%), imipenem (62%), meropenem (48%), and doripenem (47%), while 7%–22% of the isolates showed phenotypic intermediate carbapenem resistance. Critically dangerous CREc are harboured by large number urology patients in the study area, depicting the need for more attention in the management of the condition, as CREc are close to achieving totally antibiotic resistance.
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Olorunleke SO, Kirchner M, Duggett N, AbuOun M, Okorie-Kanu OJ, Stevens K, Card RM, Chah KF, Nwanta JA, Brunton LA, Anjum MF. Molecular characterization of extended spectrum cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli isolated from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:937968. [PMID: 35935201 PMCID: PMC9354541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.937968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is reducing therapeutic options for livestock and human health, with a paucity of information globally. To fill this gap, a One-Health approach was taken by sampling livestock on farms (n = 52), abattoir (n = 8), and animal markets (n = 10), and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant (ESC-R) Escherichia coli was selectively cultured from 975 healthy livestock faecal swabs, and hand swabs from in-contact humans. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed on all ESC-R E. coli. For isolates showing a multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype (n = 196), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed for confirmation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on a subset (n = 157) for detailed molecular characterisation. The results showed ESC-R E. coli was present in 41.2% of samples, with AST results indicating 48.8% of isolates were phenotypically MDR. qPCR confirmed presence of ESBL genes, with blaCTX-M present in all but others in a subset [blaTEM (62.8%) and blaSHV (0.5%)] of isolates; none harboured transferable carbapenemase genes. Multi-locus sequence typing identified 34 Sequence Types (ST) distributed among different sampling levels; ST196 carrying blaCTX-M-55 was predominant in chickens. Large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the core genome of isolates, even within the same clade by phylogenetic analysis, indicated high genetic diversity. AMR genotyping indicated the predominant blaCTX-M variant was blaCTX-M-15 (87.9%), although blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-64, and blaCTX-M-65 were present; it was notable that blaCTX-M-1, common in livestock, was absent. Other predominant AMR genes included: sul2, qnrS1, strB, blaTEM-1b, tetA-v2, and dfrA14, with prevalence varying according to host livestock species. A blaCTX-M-15 harbouring plasmid from livestock isolates in Ebonyi showed high sequence identity to one from river/sewage water in India, indicating this ESBL plasmid to be globally disseminated, being present beyond the river environment. In conclusion, ESC-R E. coli was widespread in livestock and in-contact humans from Southeast Nigeria. WGS data indicated the isolates were genetically highly diverse, probably representing true diversity of wild type E. coli; they were likely to be MDR with several harbouring blaCTX-M-15. Surprisingly, human isolates had highest numbers of AMR genes and pigs the least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O. Olorunleke
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Miranda Kirchner
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Duggett
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Manal AbuOun
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Onyinye J. Okorie-Kanu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Kim Stevens
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick M. Card
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kennedy Foinkfu Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - John A. Nwanta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Lucy A. Brunton
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muna F. Anjum
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Muna F. Anjum
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Sung GH, Kim SH, Park EH, Hwang SN, Kim JD, Kim GR, Kim EY, Jeong J, Kim S, Shin JH. Association of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Detected in Stream and Clinical Samples. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:923979. [PMID: 35756058 PMCID: PMC9218686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) strains has caused treatment failure and is a worldwide threat to public health. However, there are limited reports on the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in aquatic environments and its association with clinical isolates. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CPE in a stream environment and its genetic relationship with clinical isolates in Korea. Methods A total of 4,582 water samples were collected from 94 streams. Multiplex PCR and sequencing were used to detect and identify six carbapenemase genes. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to investigate the genetic relatedness between the environmental strains and clinical isolates. Results A total of 133 CRE strains were isolated from the streams. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common CRE (45.9%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae complex (29.3%), Escherichia coli (13.5%), Raoultella ornithinolytica (5.3%), and Citrobacter freundii (2.3%). Ninety (67.7%) isolates carried carbapenemase genes. K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (36.7%) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-5 (32.2%) were the common carbapenemases detected. Sequence type (ST)307 and ST11 K. pneumoniae strains harboring the blaKPC-2 gene were the most prevalent in stream and patient samples. Conclusion CPE was highly prevalent in streams and closely related to the isolates obtained from patients. Therefore, continuous monitoring of stream environments is required to control the spread of carbapenem resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyung-Hye Sung
- Busan Institute of Health and Environment, Busan, South Korea
| | - Si Hyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Park
- Busan Institute of Health and Environment, Busan, South Korea
| | - Suk Nam Hwang
- Ulsan Health and Environment Research Institute, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jea-Dong Kim
- Gyeongsangnam-do Provincial Government Health and Environment Institute, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Gyu Ri Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Joseph Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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14
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Teixeira P, Tacão M, Henriques I. Occurrence and distribution of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and carbapenemase genes along a highly polluted hydrographic basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118958. [PMID: 35131334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We determined the distribution and temporal variation of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), carbapenemase-encoding genes and other antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a highly polluted river (Lis River; Portugal), also assessing the potential influence of water quality to this distribution. Water samples were collected in two sampling campaigns performed one year apart (2018/2019) from fifteen sites and water quality was analyzed. CRE were isolated and characterized. The abundance of four ARGs (blaNDM, blaKPC, tetA, blaCTX-M), two Microbial Source Tracking (MST) indicators (HF183 and Pig-2-Bac) and the class 1 integrase gene (IntI1) was measured by qPCR. RESULTS: confirmed the poor quality of the Lis River water, particularly in sites near pig farms. A collection of 23 CRE was obtained: Klebsiella (n = 19), Enterobacter (n = 2) and Raoultella (n = 2). PFGE analysis revealed a clonal relationship between isolates obtained in different sampling years and sites. All CRE isolates exhibited multidrug resistance profiles. Klebsiella and Raoultella isolates carried blaKPC while Enterobacter harbored blaNDM. Conjugation experiments were successful for only four Klebsiella isolates. All ARGs were detected by qPCR on both sampling campaigns. An increase in ARGs and IntI1 abundances was detected in sites located downstream of wastewater treatment plants. Strong correlations were observed between blaCTX-M, IntI1 and the human-pollution marker HF183, and also between tetA and the pig-pollution marker Pig-2-bac, suggesting that both human- and animal-derived pollution in the Lis River are a potential source of ARGs. Plus, water quality parameters related to eutrophication and land use were significantly correlated with ARGs abundances. Our findings demonstrated that the Lis River encloses high levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria and ARGs, including CRE and carbapenemase-encoding genes. Overall, this study provides a better understanding on the impacts of water pollution resulting from human and animal activities on the resistome of natural aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Teixeira
- Biology Department and CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Tacão
- Biology Department and CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Henriques
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhou J, Yun X, Wang J, Li Q, Wang Y. A review on the ecotoxicological effect of sulphonamides on aquatic organisms. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:534-540. [PMID: 35371922 PMCID: PMC8971571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are extensively used to treat human and animal diseases and are especially used in animal production to promote the growth performance of livestock and aquatic animals. Sulphonamides, as important drugs for aquatic animals, are often used in aquaculture to prevent and treat diseases. However, various antibiotics found in the aquatic environment exhibit varying degrees of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Antibiotics in wastewater produced in industrial and agricultural processes are not thoroughly removed by sewage treatment and are released into water, which results in varying degrees of pollution of the surrounding water environment, forcing people to pay attention towards the ecosystem. Several studies have investigated the impact of antibiotics on aquatic organisms in water environment; however, only a few studies have investigated the underlying mechanism. Antibiotics persisting in an aquatic environment for a long time can cause genotoxicity and histopathological changes in various aquatic organisms. Therefore, this paper reviews the sources of antibiotics in aquatic environment, the pollution status of sulfonamides in aquatic environment at home and abroad, and focuses on the research status of ecotoxicological effects of sulfonamides on aquatic organisms. Because there are not only antibiotic pollution, but also many other pollutants, such as heavy metals, micro plastics and other chemicals, it will be a challenge to determine the combined effects of antibiotics or other pollutants on aquatic organisms in future environmental toxicity studies. Sulphonamides are ubiquitously detected in the water environment. Sulfamethoxazole is one of the least efficient antibiotics removed in wastewater treatment plants. Interaction of sulphonamides with other antibiotics needs more attention. Multigeneration studies related to the water environment are needed.
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16
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Guruge KS, Tamamura YA, Goswami P, Tanoue R, Jinadasa KBSN, Nomiyama K, Ohura T, Kunisue T, Tanabe S, Akiba M. The association between antimicrobials and the antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes and resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from hospital wastewaters and adjacent surface waters in Sri Lanka. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130591. [PMID: 33894511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antimicrobials, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB), and the associated antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is a global health concern. In this study, the concentrations of 25 antimicrobials, the resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains in response to the selection pressure imposed by 15 antimicrobials, and enrichment of 20 ARGs in E. coli isolated from hospital wastewaters and surface waters were investigated from 2016 to 2018. In hospital wastewaters, clarithromycin was detected at the highest concentration followed by sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine. Approximately 80% of the E. coli isolates were resistant, while 14% of the isolates exhibited intermediate resistance against the tested antimicrobial agents. Approximately 61% of the examined isolates were categorized as multidrug-resistant bacteria. The overall abundance of phenotypes that were resistant toward drugs was in the following order: β-lactams, tetracycline, quinolones, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol. The data showed that the E. coli isolates frequently harbored blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetA, qnrS, and sul2. These results indicated that personal care products were significantly associated with the presence of several resistant phenotypes and resistance genes, implying their role in co-association with multidrug resistance. Statistical analysis also indicated a disparity specific to the site, treatment, and year in the data describing the prevalence of ARB and ARGs and their release into downstream waters. This study provides novel insights into the abundance of antimicrobial, ARB and ARGs in Sri Lanka, and could further offer invaluable information that can be integrated into global antimicrobial resistance databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi S Guruge
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
| | - Yukino A Tamamura
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Prasun Goswami
- Atal Centre for Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, ESSO - National Institute of Ocean Technology, Dollygunj, Port Blair, 744103, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - K B S N Jinadasa
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masato Akiba
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan
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Khare T, Mahalunkar S, Shriram V, Gosavi S, Kumar V. Embelin-loaded chitosan gold nanoparticles interact synergistically with ciprofloxacin by inhibiting efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111321. [PMID: 33989619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A global upsurge in emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in bacterial populations is a serious threat for human health. Unfortunately, ABR is no longer confined to nosocomial environments and is frequently reported from community microbes as well. The ABR is resulting in shrinking potent antibiotics pool and thus necessitating novel and alternative therapies and therapeutics. Current investigation was aimed to assess the synergistic potential of a synthesized, phytomolecule-loaded, polysaccharide-stabilized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Escherichia coli (EC) isolated from river waters. ABR profiling of these strains characterized them as multidrug resistant (MDR). Synthesized embelin (Emb, isolated from Embelia tsjeriam-cottam)-loaded, chitosan-gold (Emb-Chi-Au) NPs were assessed for their potential synergistic activity with ciprofloxacin (CIP) via checker-board assay and time-kill curve analysis. The NPs reduced the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CIP by 16- and 4-fold against MDR PA (PA-r) and EC (EC-r) strains, respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices with ≤0.5 values confirmed the synergy between the Emb-Chi-Au NPs and CIP, which was further confirmed at ½ MICs in both PA-r and EC-r via time-kill curve analysis. In order to decipher the mode of action, efflux pump inhibitory effects of Emb-Chi-Au NPs were evaluated in terms of the increase in the EtBr mediated fluorescence in control versus NP-treated MDR strains. Molecular docking based in silico simulations were used to predict the interactions between Emb and the active sites of the efflux pump related proteins in PA-r (MexA, MexB and OprM) and EC-r (AcrA, AcrB and TolC), which revealed the probable bond formation between Emb and respective amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India; Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Sneha Mahalunkar
- School of Basic Medical Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, 411044, India
| | - Suresh Gosavi
- School of Basic Medical Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India; Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India; Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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18
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Cherak Z, Loucif L, Moussi A, Rolain JM. Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in aquatic environments: a review. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:287-309. [PMID: 33895415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest public-health challenges worldwide, especially with regard to Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Carbapenems are the β-lactam antibiotics of choice with the broadest spectrum of activity and, in many cases, are the last-resort treatment for several bacterial infections. Carbapenemase-encoding genes, mainly carried by mobile genetic elements, are the main mechanism of resistance against carbapenems in GNB. These enzymes exhibit a versatile hydrolytic capacity and confer resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. After being considered a clinical issue, increasing attention is being giving to the dissemination of such resistance mechanisms in the environment and especially through water. Aquatic environments are among the most significant microbial habitats on our planet, known as a favourable medium for antibiotic gene transfer, and they play a crucial role in the huge spread of drug resistance in the environment and the community. In this review, we present current knowledge regarding the spread of carbapenemase-producing isolates in different aquatic environments, which may help the implementation of control and prevention strategies against the spread of such dangerous resistant agents in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Cherak
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Département de Microbiologie et de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Abdelhamid Moussi
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (GBVB), Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; and Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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19
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Molecular characterization of plasmids encoding bla CTX-M from faecal Escherichia coli in travellers returning to the UK from South Asia. J Hosp Infect 2021; 114:134-143. [PMID: 33862156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli is rising and is dominated by blaCTX-M spread by plasmids. Travellers to South Asia from Western Europe have high rates of acquisition of faecal CTX-M-producing E. coli (CTX-M-EC). AIMS To determine the conjugative ability of CTX-M-EC acquired by healthy volunteers after travel to South Asia, the proportion of travel-acquired CTX-M-EC where blaCTX-M is encoded on a plasmid vs on the bacterial chromosome, and the relatedness of travel-acquired CTX-M-EC plasmids to previously sequenced plasmids. METHODS Faecal samples were collected pre- and post-travel from 23 volunteers who visited South Asia, and CTX-M-EC were cultured. After short- and long-read sequencing, 10 plasmid sequences were identified and compared with previously sequenced plasmids in GenBank. Conjugation to E. coli K-12 was undertaken using filter mating. FINDINGS Thirty-five percent of CTX-M-EC isolates tested transferred the blaCTX-M plasmid by conjugation. Travel-acquired CTX-M-EC carried blaCTX-M on a plasmid in 62% of isolates, whereas 38% of isolates had blaCTX-M on the chromosome. CTX-M-EC plasmids acquired after travel to South Asia had close homology to previously described epidemic plasmids which are widely disseminated in humans, animals and the natural environment. CONCLUSION Globally successful epidemic plasmids are involved in the spread of CTX-M-EC. Targeted strategies may be used to displace such plasmids from the host strain as part of efforts in infection prevention and control in healthcare settings. Bacteria with blaCTX-M plasmids were readily acquired by healthy volunteers, and were carried on return to the UK, providing opportunities for onward dissemination.
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20
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Sta Ana KM, Madriaga J, Espino MP. β-Lactam antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in Asian lakes and rivers: An overview of contamination, sources and detection methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116624. [PMID: 33571856 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lakes and rivers are sources of livelihood, food and water in many parts of the world. Lakes provide natural resources and valuable ecosystem services. These aquatic ecosystems are also vulnerable to known and new environmental pollutants. Emerging water contaminants are now being studied including antibiotics because of the global phenomenon on antibiotic resistance. β-Lactam antibiotics are widely used in human and animal disease prevention or treatment. The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a public health threat when bacteria become more resistant and infections consequently increase requiring treatment using last resort drugs that are more expensive. This review summarizes the key findings on the occurrence, contamination sources, and determination of β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactam antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in the Asian lake and river waters. The current methods in the analytical measurements of β-lactam antibiotics in water involving solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are discussed. Also described is the determination of antibiotic resistance genes which is primarily based on a polymerase chain reaction method. To date, β-lactam antibiotics in the Asian aquatic environments are reported in the ng/L concentrations. Studies on β-lactam resistant bacteria and resistance genes were mostly conducted in China. The occurrence of these emerging contaminants is largely uncharted because many aquatic systems in the Asian region remain to be studied. Comprehensive investigations encompassing the environmental behavior of β-lactam antibiotics, emergence of resistant bacteria, transfer of resistance genes to non-resistant bacteria, multiple antibiotic resistance, and effects on aquatic biota are needed particularly in rivers and lakes that are eventual sinks of these water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Marie Sta Ana
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Jonalyn Madriaga
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Maria Pythias Espino
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
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21
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Teng CH, Wu PC, Tang SL, Chen YC, Cheng MF, Huang PC, Ko WC, Wang JL. A Large Spatial Survey of Colistin-Resistant Gene mcr-1-Carrying E. coli in Rivers across Taiwan. Microorganisms 2021; 9:722. [PMID: 33807253 PMCID: PMC8066897 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colistin is one of the last-line antimicrobial agents against life-threatening infections. The distribution of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has been reported worldwide. However, most studies have focused on the distribution of mcr-1-positive bacteria in humans, animals, food, and sewage; few have focused on their distribution in natural environments. METHOD We conducted a large spatial survey of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli at 119 sites in 48 rivers, covering the entire island of Taiwan. We investigated the relationship between the livestock or poultry density in the surveyed riverine area and the number of mcr-1-positive E. coli in the river water. We then sequenced and characterized the isolated mcr-1-positive plasmids. RESULTS Seven mcr-1 positive E. coli were isolated from 5.9% of the sampling sites. The mcr-1-positive sites correlated with high chicken and pig stocking densities but not human population density or other river parameters. Four of the mcr-1-positive E. coli strains harbored epidemic IncX4 plasmids, and three of them exhibited identical sequences with a size of 33,309 bp. One of the plasmids contained identical 33,309 bp sequences but carried an additional 5711-bp transposon (Tn3 family). To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that mcr-1-carrying IncX4 plasmids can contain an insertion of such transposons. All mcr-1-positive isolates belonged to phylogenetic group A and harbored few known virulence genes. CONCLUSION This study showed a positive relationship between the number of mcr-1-positive sites and high livestock and poultry density. The sequencing analyses indicated that the epidemic plasmid in the mcr-1 isolates circulates not only in humans, animals, and food but also in the associated environments or natural habitats in Taiwan, suggesting that the surveillance of antibiotics-resistance genes for livestock or poultry farm quality control should include their associated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hao Teng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.T.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.T.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ming-Fang Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chih Huang
- Department of Cosmetics and Fashion Styling, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Ling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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22
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Manohar P, Leptihn S, Lopes BS, Nachimuthu R. Dissemination of carbapenem resistance and plasmids encoding carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria isolated in India. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab015. [PMID: 34223092 PMCID: PMC8210035 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is an ongoing public health problem of global dimensions leaving very few treatment options for infected patients. Objectives To study the dissemination of plasmid-borne carbapenemase genes in Gram-negative bacteria from a diagnostic centre in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods A total of 151 non-repetitive isolates belonging to 10 genera were collected between January 2015 and December 2016 from a diagnostic centre in Tamil Nadu. The isolates included Escherichia coli (n = 57), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 45), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10), Salmonella Typhi (n = 8), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 8), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 7), Serratia marcescens (n = 5), Achromobacter xylosoxidans (n = 5), Proteus mirabilis (n = 5), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 5) and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (n = 1). Results Of the 151 isolates, 71% (n = 107) and 68% (n = 103) were found to be resistant to meropenem and imipenem, respectively. The most prevalent β-lactamase gene was blaNDM-1 (n = 22), followed by blaOXA-181 (n = 21), blaGES-1 (n = 11), blaOXA-51 (n = 9), blaGES-9 (n = 8), blaOXA-23 (n = 7) and blaIMP-1 (n = 3). We also observed blaOXA-23 in E. coli (n = 4), and three K. pneumoniae were positive for both, blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51. Plasmid incompatibility (inc/rep) typing results showed that the resistance genes (n = 11) were present in the isolates carrying plasmid-types IncX, IncA/C, IncFIA-FIB and IncFIIA. The plasmid-borne resistance genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were transferred to susceptible E. coli AB1157. Conclusions This study highlights the prevalence of carbapenem resistance and the acquisition of plasmid-borne carbapenemase genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated at this centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Manohar
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China and Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,University of Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Bruno S Lopes
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Medical Microbiology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ramesh Nachimuthu
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Dazio V, Nigg A, Schmidt JS, Brilhante M, Mauri N, Kuster SP, Brawand SG, Schüpbach-Regula G, Willi B, Endimiani A, Perreten V, Schuller S. Acquisition and carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms in dogs and cats presented to small animal practices and clinics in Switzerland. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:970-979. [PMID: 33527554 PMCID: PMC7995377 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) present a threat to human and animal health. OBJECTIVES To assess acquisition, prevalence of and risk factors for MDRO carriage in dogs and cats presented to veterinary clinics or practices in Switzerland. ANIMALS Privately owned dogs (n = 183) and cats (n = 88) presented to 4 veterinary hospitals and 1 practice. METHODS Prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Oronasal and rectal swabs were collected at presentation and 69% of animals were sampled again at discharge. Methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci and macrococci, cephalosporinase-, and carbapenemase-producing (CP) Enterobacterales were isolated. Genetic relatedness of isolates was assessed by repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing. Risk factors for MDRO acquisition and carriage were analyzed based on questionnaire-derived and hospitalization data. RESULTS Admission prevalence of MDRO carriage in pets was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.4-20.4). The discharge prevalence and acquisition rates were 32.1% (95% CI, 25.5-39.3) and 28.3% (95% CI, 22-35.4), respectively. Predominant hospital-acquired isolates were extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E coli; 17.3%) and β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%). At 1 institution, a cluster of 24 highly genetically related CP (blaoxa181 and blaoxa48 ) was identified. Multivariate analysis identified hospitalization at clinic 1 (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% CI, 1.6-16.8) and days of hospitalization (OR 3-5 days, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.8-10.9; OR > 5 days, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.3-28.8) as risk factors for MDRO acquisition in dogs. CONCLUSIONS Veterinary hospitals play an important role in the selection and transmission of MDRO among veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Dazio
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Nigg
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janne S Schmidt
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Brilhante
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nico Mauri
- Tierklinik Aarau West AG, Oberentfelden, Switzerland
| | - Stephan P Kuster
- Better Together Healthcare Consulting, Steinackerstrasse 44, Wiesendangen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Barbara Willi
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Endimiani
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Faculty of Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuller
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Hemlata, Bhat MA, Kumar V, Ahmed MZ, Alqahtani AS, Alqahtani MS, Jan AT, Rahman S, Tiwari A. Screening of natural compounds for identification of novel inhibitors against β-lactamase CTX-M-152 reported among Kluyvera georgiana isolates: An in vitro and in silico study. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104688. [PMID: 33307120 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance due to the expression of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) by bacterial pathogens is an alarming health concern with huge socio-economic burden. Here, 102 bacterial isolates from Wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) were screened for resistance to different antibiotics. Kirby-Bauer method and phenotypic disc confirmatory test confirmed the prevalence of 20 ESBLs. Polymerase chain reaction-based detection confirmed 11 blaCTX-M positive bacterial isolates. Genotyping of bacterial isolates by 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed the dissemination of blaCTX-M in Escherichia fergusonii, Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Kluyvera georgiana and Enterobacter sp. Amongst Kluyvera georgiana isolates, two were harboring blaCTX-M-152. The 3D model of CTX-M-152 protein was generated using SwissProt and characterized by Ramachandran plot and SAVES. A library of natural compounds was screened to identify novel CTX-M-152 inhibitor(s). High-throughput virtual screening (HTVS), standard precision (SP) and extra precision (XP) docking led to the identification of five natural compounds (Naringin dihydrochalcone, Salvianolic acid B, Inositol, Guanosine and Ellagic acid) capable of binding to active site of CTX-M-152. Futher, characterization by MM-GBSA (Molecular Mechanism General Born Surface Area), and ADMET (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) showed that Ellagic acid was the most potent inhibitor of CTX-M-152. Molecular dynamics simulation also confirmed that Ellagic acid form a stable complex with CTX-M-152. The ability of Ellagic acid to inhibit growth of bacteria harboring CTX-M-152 was confirmed by MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; broth dilution method) and Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) studies with respect to Cefotaxime. The identification of a novel inhibitor of CTX-M-152 from a natural source holds promise for employment in the control of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata
- Center for Research Studies, Noida International University, Gautam Budh Nagar, India
| | - Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India.
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Center for Research Studies, Noida International University, Gautam Budh Nagar, India; Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India.
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25
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Chaturvedi P, Chaurasia D, Pandey A, Gupta P. Co-occurrence of multidrug resistance, β-lactamase and plasmid mediated AmpC genes in bacteria isolated from river Ganga, northern India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115502. [PMID: 32892014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater effluents released in surface water provides suitable nutrient rich environment for the growth and proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARG). Consequently, bacterial resistance has highly evolved over the recent years and diversified that each antibiotic class is inhibited by a distinct mechanism. In the present study, the prevalence of Multidrug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and plasmid mediated Amp-C producing strains was analyzed in 28 surface water samples collected near domestic effluent discharge sites in river Ganga located across 11 different geographical indices of Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 243 bacterial strains with different phenotypes were isolated. Among 243 isolates, 206 (84.77%) exhibited MDR trait displaying maximum resistance towards β-lactams (P = 78.19%; AMX = 72.84%), glycopeptides (VAN = 32.92%; TEI = 79.42%), cephalosporins (CF = 67.90%; CFX = 38.27%), and lincosamides (CD = 78.18%) followed by sulfonamide, macrolide and tetracycline. ESBL production was confirmed in 126 (51.85%) isolates that harbored the genes: blaTEM (95.24%), blaSHV (22.22%), blaOXA (11.90%) and blaCTX-M group (14.28%). The presence of plasmid mediated AmpC was detected only in 6.17% of isolates. The existence of such pathogenic strains in the open environment generates an urgent need for incorporating stringent measures to reduce the antibiotic consumption and hence its release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, 492010, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Deepshi Chaurasia
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Transnational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
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26
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Decano AG, Tran N, Al-Foori H, Al-Awadi B, Campbell L, Ellison K, Mirabueno LP, Nelson M, Power S, Smith G, Smyth C, Vance Z, Woods C, Rahm A, Downing T. Plasmids shape the diverse accessory resistomes of Escherichia coli ST131. Access Microbiol 2020; 3:acmi000179. [PMID: 33997610 PMCID: PMC8115979 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome includes beneficial, commensal and pathogenic bacteria that possess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and exchange these predominantly through conjugative plasmids. Escherichia coli is a significant component of the gastrointestinal microbiome and is typically non-pathogenic in this niche. In contrast, extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) including ST131 may occupy other environments like the urinary tract or bloodstream where they express genes enabling AMR and host cell adhesion like type 1 fimbriae. The extent to which commensal E. coli and uropathogenic ExPEC ST131 share AMR genes remains understudied at a genomic level, and we examined this here using a preterm infant resistome. We found that individual ST131 had small differences in AMR gene content relative to a larger shared resistome. Comparisons with a range of plasmids common in ST131 showed that AMR gene composition was driven by conjugation, recombination and mobile genetic elements. Plasmid pEK499 had extended regions in most ST131 Clade C isolates, and it had evidence of a co-evolutionary signal based on protein-level interactions with chromosomal gene products, as did pEK204 that had a type IV fimbrial pil operon. ST131 possessed extensive diversity of selective type 1, type IV, P and F17-like fimbriae genes that was highest in subclade C2. The structure and composition of AMR genes, plasmids and fimbriae vary widely in ST131 Clade C and this may mediate pathogenicity and infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Gonzales Decano
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland.,Present address: School of Medicine, University of St., Andrews, UK
| | - Nghia Tran
- School of Maths, Applied Maths and Statistics, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Ellison
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Louisse Paolo Mirabueno
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland.,Present address: National Institute of Agricultural Botany - East Malling Research, Kent, UK
| | - Maddy Nelson
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Shane Power
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | | | - Cian Smyth
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland.,Present address: Dept of Biology, Maynooth University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zoe Vance
- School of Genetics & Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Alexander Rahm
- School of Maths, Applied Maths and Statistics, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.,Present address: GAATI Lab, Université de la Polynésie Française, Puna'auia, French Polynesia
| | - Tim Downing
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland
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27
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Hayashi M, Matsui M, Sekizuka T, Shima A, Segawa T, Kuroda M, Kawamura K, Suzuki S. Dissemination of IncF group F1:A2:B20 plasmid-harbouring multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST131 before the acquisition of bla CTX-M in Japan. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 23:456-465. [PMID: 33212283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Escherichia coli O25-ST131 clone is responsible for global dissemination of the blaCTX-M gene. However, the prevalence of this clone in the digestive tract, devoid of antimicrobial selection, and its molecular epidemiology remain unclear. In this study, we examined the origin of blaCTX-M-positive E. coli O25-ST131 and its distribution. METHODS We separately sequenced the chromosomal and plasmid genomes of 50 E. coli O25 isolates obtained from faecal samples of patients with diarrhoea in Japan. RESULTS Although 36 (72%) of 50 E. coli O25 isolates were ST131, only 6 harboured blaCTX-M. According to the fimH and ybbW sequences and fluoroquinolone susceptibility, H30R1 isolates were dominant (27/36; 75%) and possessed IncFII-FIA-FIB with FAB formula subtype F1:A2:B20 plasmids at a high frequency (24/27; 89%). The F1:A2:B20 plasmids possessed more resistance genes such as blaTEM-1, aminoglycoside resistance genes and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance genes compared with non-F1:A2:B20 plasmids. In contrast, only one blaCTX-M-14 gene was located on the F1:A2:B20 plasmids, whereas the other three were located on IncFII (F4:A-:B-) (n = 1) and IncZ (n = 2) plasmids. Two H30Rx-ST131 isolates harboured blaCTX-M-15: one was on the chromosome and the other on the IncFIA-R plasmid. The stability and conjugation ability of the F1:A2:B20 plasmids were compared with those of non-F1:A2:B20 plasmids, which revealed higher stability but lower conjugative ability. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that E. coli H30R1-ST131 is a multidrug-resistant clone containing several resistance genes in the F1:A2:B20 plasmid, which were widely distributed before the acquisition of blaCTX-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Matsui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Segawa
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kawamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satowa Suzuki
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yang C, Song G, Lim W. A review of the toxicity in fish exposed to antibiotics. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 237:108840. [PMID: 32640291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of human and veterinary diseases and are being used worldwide in the agriculture industry to promote livestock growth. However, a variety of antibiotics that are found in aquatic environments are toxic to aquatic organisms. Antibiotics are not completely removed by wastewater treatment plants and are therefore released into aquatic environments, which raises concern about the destruction of the ecosystem owing to their non-target effects. Since antibiotics are designed to be persistent and work steadily in the body, their chronic toxicity effects have been studied in aquatic microorganisms. However, research on the toxicity of antibiotics in fish at the top of the aquatic food chain is relatively poor. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the reported toxicity studies with antibiotics in fish, including zebrafish, to date. Four antibiotic types; quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides, which are thought to be genetically toxic to fish have been reported to bioaccumulate in fish tissues, as well as in aquatic environments such as rivers and surface water. The adverse effects of these antibiotics are known to cause damage to developmental, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems, as well as in altering anti-oxidant and immune responses, in fish. Therefore, there are serious concerns about the toxicity of antibiotics in fish and further research and strategies are needed to prevent them in different regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
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Das MK, Mahapatra A, Pathi B, Panigrahy R, Pattnaik S, Mishra SS, Mahapatro S, Swain P, Das J, Dixit S, Sahoo SN, Pillai RN. Harmonized One Health Trans-Species and Community Surveillance for Tackling Antibacterial Resistance in India: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e23241. [PMID: 33124993 PMCID: PMC7665953 DOI: 10.2196/23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background India has the largest burden of drug‑resistant organisms compared with other countries around the world, including multiresistant and extremely drug‑resistant tuberculosis and resistant Gram‑negative and Gram‑positive bacteria. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are found in all living hosts and in the environment and move between hosts and ecosystems. An intricate interplay of infections, exposure to antibiotics, and disinfectants at individual and community levels among humans, animals, birds, and fishes triggers evolution and spread of resistance. The One Health framework proposes addressing antibiotic resistance as a complex multidisciplinary problem. However, the evidence base in the Indian context is limited. Objective This multisectoral, trans-species surveillance project aims to document the infection and resistance patterns of 7 resistant-priority bacteria and the risk factors for resistance following the One Health framework and geospatial epidemiology. Methods This hospital- and community-based surveillance adopts a cross-sectional design with mixed methodology (quantitative, qualitative, and spatial) data collection. This study is being conducted at 6 microbiology laboratories and communities in Khurda district, Odisha, India. The laboratory surveillance collects data on bacteria isolates from different hosts and their resistance patterns. The hosts for infection surveillance include humans, animals (livestock, food chain, and pet animals), birds (poultry), and freshwater fishes (not crustaceans). For eligible patients, animals, birds and fishes, detailed data from their households or farms on health care seeking (for animals, birds and fishes, the illness, and care seeking of the caretakers), antibiotic use, disinfection practices, and neighborhood exposure to infection risks will be collected. Antibiotic prescription and use patterns at hospitals and clinics, and therapeutic and nontherapeutic antibiotic and disinfectant use in farms will also be collected. Interviews with key informants from animal breeding, agriculture, and food processing will explore the perceptions, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use. The data analysis will follow quantitative (descriptive and analytical), qualitative, and geospatial epidemiology principles. Results The study was funded in May 2019 and approved by Institute Ethics Committees in March 2019. The data collection started in September 2019 and shall continue till March 2021. As of June 2020, data for 56 humans, 30 animals and birds, and fishes from 10 ponds have been collected. Data analysis is yet to be done. Conclusions This study will inform about the bacterial infection and resistance epidemiology among different hosts, the risk factors for infection, and resistance transmission. In addition, it will identify the potential triggers and levers for further exploration and action. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/23241
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Affiliation(s)
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- The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoja Kumar Das
- Department of Public Health, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashoka Mahapatra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Basanti Pathi
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajashree Panigrahy
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swetalona Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Hi-Tech Medical College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sudhansu Shekhar Mishra
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Samarendra Mahapatro
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyabrat Swain
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jayakrushna Das
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (OUAT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shikha Dixit
- Department of Environmental Health, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Satya Narayan Sahoo
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh N Pillai
- Department of Public Health, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
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Yossapol M, Suzuki K, Odoi JO, Sugiyama M, Usui M, Asai T. Persistence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase plasmids among Enterobacteriaceae in commercial broiler farms. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:712-718. [PMID: 32761971 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the persistence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 13 plasmids from two broiler farms were analyzed. On the farm not using antimicrobials, one plasmid from Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a day-old chick was similar to that from Escherichia coli isolated a year later, with the deletion of two transposons. On the farm using antimicrobials, most circulating plasmids (eight out of nine) in a flock of 40-days-old chicks were identical, although one from K. pneumoniae had a deletion of a transposon carrying a class 1 integron containing aadA2 and dfrA12. Thus, ESBL plasmids persisted in the farms with or without antimicrobial agent use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montira Yossapol
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Office of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Kasumi Suzuki
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Justice Opare Odoi
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiyo Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Nigg A, Brilhante M, Dazio V, Clément M, Collaud A, Gobeli Brawand S, Willi B, Endimiani A, Schuller S, Perreten V. Shedding of OXA-181 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from companion animals after hospitalisation in Switzerland: an outbreak in 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31576806 PMCID: PMC6774230 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.39.1900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae pose a serious threat to public health worldwide, and the role of companion animals as a reservoir is still unclear. Aims This 4-month prospective observational study evaluated carriage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae at admission and after hospitalisation in a large referral hospital for companion animals in Switzerland. Methods Rectal swabs of dogs and cats expected to be hospitalised for at least 48 h were taken from May to August 2018 and analysed for the presence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae using selective agar plates. Resistant isolates were further characterised analysing whole genome sequences for resistance gene and plasmid identification, and ad hoc core genome multilocus sequence typing. Results This study revealed nosocomial acquisition of Escherichia coli harbouring the carbapenemase gene blaOXA-181, the pAmpC cephalosporinase gene blaCMY-42 as well as quinolone resistance associated with qnrS1 and mutations in the topoisomerases II (GyrA) and IV (ParC). The blaOXA-181 and qnrS1 genes were identified on a 51 kb IncX3 plasmid and blaCMY-42 on a 47 kb IncI1 plasmid. All isolates belonged to sequence type ST410 and were genetically highly related. This E. coli clone was detected in 17 of 100 dogs and four of 34 cats after hospitalisation (21.6%), only one of the tested animals having tested positive at admission (0.75%). Two positive animals were still carriers 4 months after hospital discharge, but were negative after 6 months. Conclusions Companion animals may acquire carbapenemase-producing E. coli during hospitalisation, posing the risk of further dissemination to the animal and human population and to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Nigg
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Bern, University of Bern
| | - Michael Brilhante
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Bern, University of Bern.,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Bern, University of Bern
| | - Valentina Dazio
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Bern, University of Bern
| | - Mathieu Clément
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Bern, University of Bern
| | | | | | - Barbara Willi
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Endimiani
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuller
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Bern, University of Bern
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Hooban B, Joyce A, Fitzhenry K, Chique C, Morris D. The role of the natural aquatic environment in the dissemination of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase encoding genes: A scoping review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 180:115880. [PMID: 32438141 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The natural aquatic environment is a significant contributor to the development and circulation of clinically significant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The potential for the aquatic environment to act as a reservoir for ARG accumulation in areas receiving anthropogenic contamination has been thoroughly researched. However, the emergence of novel ARGs in the absence of external influences, as well as the capacity of environmental bacteria to disseminate ARGs via mobile genetic elements remain relatively unchallenged. In order to address these knowledge gaps, this scoping literature review was established focusing on the detection of two important and readily mobile ARGs, namely, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes. This review included 41 studies from 19 different countries. A range of different water bodies including rivers (n = 26), seawaters (n = 6) and lakes (n = 3), amongst others, were analysed in the included studies. ESBL genes were reported in 29/41 (70.7%) studies, while carbapenemase genes were reported in 13/41 (31.7%), including joint reporting in 9 studies. The occurrence of mobile genetic elements was evaluated, which included the detection of integrons (n = 22), plasmids (n = 18), insertion sequences (n = 4) and transposons (n = 3). The ability of environmental bacteria to successfully transfer resistance genes via conjugation was also examined in 11 of the included studies. The findings of this scoping review expose the presence of clinically significant ARGs in the natural aquatic environment and highlights the potential ability of environmental isolates to disseminate these genes among different bacterial species. As such, the results presented demonstrate how anthropogenic point discharges may not act as the sole contributor to the development and spread of clinically significant antibiotic resistances. A number of critical knowledge gaps in current research were also identified. Key highlights include the limited number of studies focusing on antibiotic resistance in uncontaminated aquatic environments as well as the lack of standardisation among methodologies of reviewed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Hooban
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
| | - Aoife Joyce
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Kelly Fitzhenry
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Carlos Chique
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science (BEES), University College Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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Adegoke AA, Fatunla OK, Okoh AI. Critical threat associated with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: prioritizing water matrices in addressing total antibiotic resistance. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Comparative Genomic Analysis of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Harboring the bla CMY-2-Positive IncI1 Group, IncB/O/K/Z, and IncC Plasmids Isolated from Healthy Broilers in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02385-19. [PMID: 32366721 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02385-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The off-label use of third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) during in ovo vaccination or vaccination of newly hatched chicks has been a common practice worldwide. CMY-2-producing Escherichia coli strains have been disseminated in broiler chicken production. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological linkage of bla CMY-2-positive plasmids among broilers both within and outside Japan, because the grandparent stock and parent stock were imported into Japan. We examined the whole-genome sequences of 132 3GC-resistant E. coli isolates collected from healthy broilers during 2002 to 2014. The predominant 3GC resistance gene was bla CMY-2, which was detected in the plasmids of 87 (65.9%) isolates. The main plasmid replicon types were IncI1-Iγ (n = 21; 24.1%), IncI (n = 12; 13.8%), IncB/O/K/Z (n = 28; 32.2%), and IncC (n = 22; 25.3%). Those plasmids were subjected to gene clustering, network analyses, and plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST). The chromosomal DNA of isolates was subjected to MLST and single-nucleotide variant (SNV)-based phylogenetic analysis. MLST and SNV-based phylogenetic analysis revealed high diversity of E. coli isolates. The sequence type 429 (ST429) cluster harboring bla CMY-2-positive IncB/O/K/Z was closely related to isolates from broilers in Germany harboring bla CMY-2-positive IncB/O/K/Z. pST55-IncI, pST12-IncI1-Iγ, and pST3-IncC were prevalent in western Japan. pST12-IncI1-Iγ and pST3-IncC were closely related to plasmids detected in E. coli isolates from chickens in North America, whereas 26 IncB/O/K/Z types were related to those in Europe. These data will be useful to reveal the whole picture of transmission of CMY-2-producing bacteria inside and outside Japan.
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Teixeira P, Tacão M, Pureza L, Gonçalves J, Silva A, Cruz-Schneider MP, Henriques I. Occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Portuguese river: bla NDM, bla KPC and bla GES among the detected genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113913. [PMID: 31972417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenems are used as last-resort drugs to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Despite the increasing number of reports of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), there is still limited information on their distribution or prevalence in the environment. Our aim was to assess the occurrence of CRE in the Lis river (Portugal) and to characterize the genetic platforms linked to carbapenemase genes. We collected six water samples from sites near a wastewater treatment plant (n = 4 samples) and livestock farms (n = 2). Twenty-four CRE were characterized by BOX element-polymerase chain reaction (BOX-PCR), and thirteen representative isolates were analysed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR screening for carbapenemase-encoding genes, conjugation experiments and plasmid analysis were performed. Four isolates were chosen for whole-genome sequencing. All water samples contained CRE (4.0 CFU/mL on average). Representative isolates were multidrug-resistant (resistant to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and to all β-lactams tested) and were identified as K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter and Citrobacter. Isolates carried plasmids and harboured carbapenemase-encoding genes: blaKPC-3 in K. pneumoniae (n = 9), blaNDM-1 in Enterobacter (n = 3) and blaGES-5 in Citrobacter (n = 1). Conjugation experiments were successful in two Klebsiella isolates. Enterobacter PFGE profiles grouped in one cluster while Klebsiella were divided in three clusters and a singleton. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed blaGES-5 within a novel class 3 integron (In3-16) located on an IncQ/pQ7-like plasmid in Citrobacter freundii CR16. blaKPC-3 was present on IncFIA-FII pBK30683-like plasmids, which were subsequently confirmed in all K. pneumoniae (n = 9). Furthermore, blaKPC-3 was part of a genomic island in K. pneumoniae CR12. In E. roggenkampii CR11, blaNDM-1 was on an IncA/C2 plasmid. The carbapenemase-encoding plasmids harboured other resistance determinants and mobile genetic elements. Our results demonstrate that Lis river is contaminated with CRE, highlighting the need for monitoring antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments, especially to last-resort drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Teixeira
- Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Tacão
- Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Leide Pureza
- Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Artur Silva
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cruz-Schneider
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Isabel Henriques
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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A prolonged multispecies outbreak of IMP-6 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales due to horizontal transmission of the IncN plasmid. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4139. [PMID: 32139745 PMCID: PMC7057946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A multispecies outbreak of IMP-6 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (IMP-6-CPE) occurred at an acute care hospital in Japan. This study was conducted to understand the mechanisms of IMP-6-CPE transmission by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and identify risk factors for IMP-6-CPE acquisition in patients who underwent abdominal surgery. Between July 2013 and March 2014, 22 hospitalized patients infected or colonized with IMP-6-CPE (Escherichia coli [n = 8], Klebsiella oxytoca [n = 5], Enterobacter cloacae [n = 5], Klebsiella pneumoniae [n = 3] and Klebsiella aerogenes [n = 1]) were identified. There were diverse PFGE profiles and sequence types (STs) in most of the species except for K. oxytoca. All isolates of K. oxytoca belonged to ST29 with similar PFGE profiles, suggesting their clonal transmission. Plasmid analysis by WGS revealed that all 22 isolates but one shared a ca. 50-kb IncN plasmid backbone with blaIMP-6 suggesting interspecies gene transmission, and typing of plasmids explained epidemiological links among cases. A case-control study showed pancreatoduodenectomy, changing drains in fluoroscopy room, continuous peritoneal lavage and enteric fistula were associated with IMP-6-CPE acquisition among the patients. Plasmid analysis of isolates in an outbreak of IMP-6-CPE suggested interspecies gene transmission and helped to clarify hidden epidemiological links between cases.
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Purohit M, Diwan V, Parashar V, Tamhankar AJ, Lundborg CS. Mass bathing events in River Kshipra, Central India- influence on the water quality and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of commensal E.coli. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229664. [PMID: 32130236 PMCID: PMC7055887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is one of the major global health emergencies. One potential source of dissemination of resistant bacteria is mass gatherings, e.g. mass bathing events. We evaluated the physicochemical parameters of water quality and the antibiotic resistance pattern in commensal Escherichia coli from river-water and river-sediment in pre-, during- and post-mass bathing events in river Kshipra, Central India. METHOD/DESIGN Water and sediment samples were collected from three selected points during eight mass bathing events during 2014-2016. Water quality parameters (physical, chemical and microbiological) were analyzed using standard methods. In river water and sediment samples, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated E. coli to 17 antibiotics were tested. RESULTS pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen were significantly lower and total dissolved solid, free carbon dioxide were higher during mass bathing, whilst TSS, BOD and COD were lowest in pre-bathing and highest in post-bathing period. E.coli with multi drug resistance (MDR) or extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production were between 9-44% and 6-24%, respectively in river-water as well as river-sediment. Total coliform count/ml and E. coli count were higher during-and post-bathing in river water than in pre-bathing period. Thus, the percentage of resistance was significantly higher during and post-bathing period (p<.05) than in pre-bathing. Colony forming unit (CFU)/ml in river-sediment was much higher than in river-water. Percentage of resistance was significantly higher in river-water (p<.05) than in river-sediment. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic resistance in E.coli isolated from the Kshipra River showed significant variation during mass bathing events. Guidelines and regulatory standards are needed to control environmental dissemination of resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Purohit
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
| | - Vivek Parashar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok J. Tamhankar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
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Truncated Class 1 Integron Gene Cassette Arrays Contribute to Antimicrobial Resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4908189. [PMID: 32090095 PMCID: PMC7013361 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4908189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Class 1 integrons (c1-integrons) are associated with multidrug resistance in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). However, little is known about gene cassettes located within these c1-integrons, particularly truncated c1-integrons, in DEC strains. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to reveal the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and the presence of truncated c1-integrons in DEC isolates derived from human stool samples in Japan. A total of 162 human stool-derived DEC isolates from Japan were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR-based gene detection, and next-generation sequencing analyses. Results showed that 44.4% (12/27) of c1-integrons identified in the DEC isolates harbored only intI1 (an element of c1-integrons) and were truncated by IS26, Tn3, or IS1-group insertion sequences. No difference in the frequency of antimicrobial resistance was recorded between intact and truncated c1-integron-positive DEC isolates. Isolates containing intact/truncated c1-integrons, particularly enteroaggregative E. coli isolates, were resistant to a greater number of antimicrobials than isolates without c1-integrons. aadA and dfrA were the most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes in the intact/truncated c1-integrons examined in this study. Therefore, gene cassettes located within these intact/truncated c1-integrons may only play a limited role in conferring antimicrobial resistance among DEC. However, DEC harboring truncated c1-integrons may be resistant to a greater number of antimicrobials than c1-integron-negative DEC, similar to strains harboring intact c1-integrons.
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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN WILDLIFE: PERSPECTIVES ON TRENDS, ACQUISITION AND DISSEMINATION, DATA GAPS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. J Wildl Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.7589/2019-04-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cho S, Gupta SK, McMillan EA, Sharma P, Ramadan H, Jové T, Jackson CR, Frye JG. Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Surface Water in Northeast Georgia, United States: Presence of an ST131 Epidemic Strain Containing blaCTX-M-15 on a Phage-Like Plasmid. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:447-455. [PMID: 31725354 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface water is suspected of playing a role in the development and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria, including human pathogens. In our previous study, 496 Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from water samples collected over a 2-year period from the Upper Oconee watershed, Athens, GA, United States, of which 34 (6.9%) were AR isolates. Of these, six isolates were selected based on their multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes, the presence of mobile genetic elements, and their pathogenic potential and were subjected to whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis to enhance our understanding of environmental MDR E. coli isolates. This study is the first report on genomic characterization of MDR E. coli from environmental water in the United States through a WGS approach. The sequences of the six MDR E. coli isolates were analyzed and the locations of their AR genes were identified. One of the E. coli isolates was an ST131 epidemic strain, which also produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoded by the blaCTX-M-15 gene, carried on a plasmid that is a member of a very rarely reported family of phage-like plasmids. This is the first time an in-depth sequence analysis has been done on a blaCTX-M-15- containing phage-like plasmid, the presence of which suggests a new emerging mechanism of AR gene transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Cho
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sushim K Gupta
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Poonam Sharma
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Thomas Jové
- Univ. Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, Limoges, France
| | - Charlene R Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan G Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Environmental Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistance Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in a Tropical Ecosystem in India: Human Health Perspectives and Future Directives. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040174. [PMID: 31581701 PMCID: PMC6963203 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, infectious diseases have become increasingly challenging to treat, which is explained by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Notably, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections at global level attribute a vast, dangerous clinical threat. In most cases, there are enormous difficulties for CRE infection except a few last resort toxic drugs such as tigecycline and colistin (polymyxin E). Due to this, CRE has now been categorized as one among the three most dangerous multidrug resistance (MDR) pathogens by the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Considering this, the study of the frequency of CRE infections and the characterization of CRE is an important area of research in clinical settings. However, MDR bacteria are not only present in hospitals but are spreading more and more into the environment, thereby increasing the risk of infection with resistant bacteria outside the hospital. In this context, developing countries are a global concern where environmental regulations are often insufficient. It seems likely that overcrowding, poor sanitation, socioeconomic status, and limited infrastructures contribute to the rapid spread of MDR bacteria, becoming their reservoirs in the environment. Thus, in this review, we present the occurrence of CRE and their resistance determinants in different environmental compartments in India.
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Kubota H, Uwamino Y, Matsui M, Sekizuka T, Suzuki Y, Okuno R, Uchitani Y, Ariyoshi T, Aoki W, Suzuki S, Kuroda M, Shinkai T, Yokoyama K, Sadamasu K, Funakoshi T, Murata M, Hasegawa N, Iwata S. FRI-4 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex isolated in Tokyo, Japan. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2969-2972. [PMID: 30060114 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolated in Tokyo, Japan, produced a carbapenemase that was detected by a Carba NP test and a modified carbapenem inactivation method, but none of the 'Big Five' carbapenemase genes was detected by PCR. This study aimed to identify the carbapenemase. Methods Carbapenemase genes were screened by WGS. Next, we generated a recombinant plasmid in which the carbapenemase gene was inserted. We also extracted the carbapenemase gene-carrying plasmid from the E. cloacae complex. The effects of both plasmids on the antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli were then tested. The carbapenemase gene-carrying plasmid in the E. cloacae complex was completely sequenced. Results A novel carbapenemase gene, blaFRI-4, encoded an amino acid sequence that was 93.2% identical to French imipenemase (FRI-1). E. coli transformed with blaFRI-4 showed reduced carbapenem susceptibility. A complete sequence of the blaFRI-4-carrying 98 508 bp IncFII/IncR plasmid (pTMTA61661) showed that blaFRI-4 and the surrounding region (18.7 kb) were duplicated. Conclusions The FRI-4-producing E. cloacae complex was isolated in Japan, whereas all other FRI variants have been found in Europe, suggesting that the spread of FRI carbapenemases is global.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kubota
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Uwamino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Matsui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba-cho, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rumi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Uchitani
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ariyoshi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satowa Suzuki
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba-cho, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shinkai
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yokoyama
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeru Funakoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Murata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwata
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Multiple β-Lactam Resistance Gene-Carrying Plasmid Harbored by Klebsiella quasipneumoniae Isolated from Urban Sewage in Japan. mSphere 2019; 4:4/5/e00391-19. [PMID: 31554719 PMCID: PMC6763765 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00391-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In our investigation of urban wastewater in Japan, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae was isolated that carried the pTMSNI47-1 plasmid, which carries four β-lactamase genes and has transferability among Enterobacteriaceae. pTMSNI47-1 was found to encode a rarely reported carbapenemase, KHM-1. Cooperative effects of β-lactamases encoded by pTMSNI47-1 appeared to have broad-spectrum resistance to β-lactams. The detection of the KHM-1 gene in urban wastewater suggests that such a rare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene can be pooled in the environment, potentially emerging as an AMR determinant in a pathogen. When the number of β-lactamase resistance genes is increased in one plasmid, the transfer of this plasmid can confer broad-spectrum resistance to β-lactams, even if the individual gene confers narrow-spectrum resistance. The present study adds important information about the potential risk of sewage treatment plants as reservoirs and environmental suppliers of AMR genes, contributing to the public health from a One Health perspective. The continuous emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) presents a great public health challenge. Mitigation of CPE spread in the environment is crucial, particularly from a One Health perspective. Here we describe the isolation of CPE strain SNI47 from influent water of a sewage treatment plant in Japan. SNI47 was identified as Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae by phylogenetic analysis and was resistant to β-lactams, including carbapenems. Of four plasmids detected from SNI47, the 185,311-bp IncA/C2 plasmid (pTMSNI47-1), which carried 10 drug resistance genes, including genes for four β-lactamases (blaCTX-M-2, blaDHA-1, blaKHM-1, and blaOXA-10), was transferred to Escherichia coli J53 via conjugation. The MICs of all tested β-lactams for the transconjugant were higher than for the recipient. We constructed recombinant plasmids, into which each β-lactamase gene was inserted, and used them to transform E. coli DH5α cells, demonstrating that KHM-1 enhanced carbapenem resistance. In addition, these β-lactamases were responsible for a wide-spectrum β-lactam resistance acquisition with mutual compensation. KHM-1, recognized as a rare type of metallo-β-lactamase, was detected in a transferable plasmid, from a sewage treatment plant, involved in horizontal gene transfer. The detection of such plasmids raises a health risk alarm for CPE dissemination. IMPORTANCE In our investigation of urban wastewater in Japan, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae was isolated that carried the pTMSNI47-1 plasmid, which carries four β-lactamase genes and has transferability among Enterobacteriaceae. pTMSNI47-1 was found to encode a rarely reported carbapenemase, KHM-1. Cooperative effects of β-lactamases encoded by pTMSNI47-1 appeared to have broad-spectrum resistance to β-lactams. The detection of the KHM-1 gene in urban wastewater suggests that such a rare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene can be pooled in the environment, potentially emerging as an AMR determinant in a pathogen. When the number of β-lactamase resistance genes is increased in one plasmid, the transfer of this plasmid can confer broad-spectrum resistance to β-lactams, even if the individual gene confers narrow-spectrum resistance. The present study adds important information about the potential risk of sewage treatment plants as reservoirs and environmental suppliers of AMR genes, contributing to the public health from a One Health perspective.
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Paulshus E, Thorell K, Guzman-Otazo J, Joffre E, Colque P, Kühn I, Möllby R, Sørum H, Sjöling Å. Repeated Isolation of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Positive Escherichia coli Sequence Types 648 and 131 from Community Wastewater Indicates that Sewage Systems Are Important Sources of Emerging Clones of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00823-19. [PMID: 31235629 PMCID: PMC6709473 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00823-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an emerging problem globally. Resistant bacteria are found in human and animal microbiota, as well as in the environment. Wastewater receives bacteria from all these sources and thus can provide a measurement of abundance and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria circulating in communities. In this study, water samples were collected from a wastewater pump station in a Norwegian suburban community over a period of 15 months. A total of 45 daily samples were cultured and analyzed for the presence of Escherichia coli Eighty E. coli-like colonies were collected from each daily sample and then phenotyped and analyzed for antibiotic resistance using the PhenePlate-AREB system. During the sampling period, two unique E. coli phenotypes with resistance to cefotaxime and cefpodoxime indicating carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were observed repeatedly. Whole-genome sequencing of 15 representative isolates from the two phenotypes identified these as two distinct clones belonging to the two globally spread E. coli multilocus sequence types (STs) ST131 and ST648 and carrying blaCTX-M-15 The number of ESBL-positive E. coli strains in the community wastewater pump station was 314 of 3,123 (10%) analyzed E. coli strains. Of the ESBL-positive isolates, 37% belonged to ST648, and 7% belonged to ST131. Repeated findings of CTX-M-15-positive ST648 and ST131 over time indicate that these STs are resident in the analyzed wastewater systems and/or circulate abundantly in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Paulshus
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Guzman-Otazo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Enrique Joffre
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Patricia Colque
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Inger Kühn
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Roland Möllby
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Shanthini T, Manohar P, Samna S, Srividya R, Bozdogan B, Rameshpathy M, Ramesh N. Emergence of plasmid-borne bla oxa-181 gene in Ochrobactrum intermedium: first report from India. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000024. [PMID: 32974517 PMCID: PMC7471779 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater has become a potential habitat for multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The present study aims to screen for the presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in sewage water samples collected from hospital and non-hospital sources. From a total of 19 sewage water samples collected, 100 carbapenem-resistant non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (CR-NF-GNB) were isolated using MacConkey agar cultured with 8 mg l−1 of meropenem. On screening for beta-lactamase resistance genes (blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, blaIMP, blaVIM and blaKPC), one isolate, Ochrobactrum intermedium, was found to carry the plasmid-borne blaOXA-48-like gene. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first report of the rare and emerging opportunistic pathogen Ochrobactrum intermedium encoding the OXA-181 gene in its plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamaraiselvan Shanthini
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanth Manohar
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sagadevan Samna
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Srividya
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bulent Bozdogan
- Department of Microbiology, Recombinant DNA and Protein Research Center (REDPROM), Adnan Menderes University, 09100 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Manian Rameshpathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nachimuthu Ramesh
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Waleron M, Misztak A, Waleron M, Franczuk M, Jońca J, Wielgomas B, Mikiciński A, Popović T, Waleron K. Pectobacterium zantedeschiae sp. nov. a new species of a soft rot pathogen isolated from Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.). Syst Appl Microbiol 2019; 42:275-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Devanga Ragupathi NK, Muthuirulandi Sethuvel DP, Gajendran R, Anandan S, Walia K, Veeraraghavan B. Horizontal Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Among Enteric Pathogens Through Bacterial Conjugation. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:666-672. [PMID: 30941540 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance and transfer of mobile genetic elements among enteric pathogens is being reported to have increased rapidly. Commensal Escherichia coli was previously known to acquire mobile genetic elements from other genus/species. E. coli is also capable of disseminating these elements containing antimicrobial resistance determinants through horizontal transfer. Similarly, for Shigellae the antimicrobial resistance are on rise for fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins due to accumulation of mobile elements. Thus the study was hypothesized to investigate the role of transferable plasmids in commensal MDR E. coli vs Salmonella spp, and MDR Shigella flexneri vs Salmonella spp. pKP3-A plasmid containing qnrS1 was successfully transferred from E. coli to Salmonella spp. Similarly, a plasmid containing qnrS1 and blaCTX-M-15 was transferred from Shigella to Salmonella spp. However, blaCTX-M-15 was not transferred from E. coli as it was integrated into chromosome that was revealed by next-generation sequencing. This might be a reason that fluoroquinolone-resistant determinants are more frequently transferred than the cephalosporin resistant determinants. Findings from the study emphasize that mobile elements with AMR determinants are significant public health concern that has potential to rapidly disseminate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Revathi Gajendran
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Anandan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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The plasmid-encoded transcription factor ArdK contributes to the repression of the IMP-6 metallo-β-lactamase gene blaIMP-6, leading to a carbapenem-susceptible phenotype in the blaIMP-6-positive Escherichia coli strain A56-1S. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208976. [PMID: 30533034 PMCID: PMC6289460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are a global concern because these bacteria are resistant to almost all β-lactams. Horizontal interspecies gene transfer via plasmid conjugation has increased the global dissemination of CPE. Recently, an Enterobacteriaceae strain positive for carbapenemase gene but showing a carbapenem-susceptible phenotype was identified, suggesting that these susceptible strains may be challenging to detect solely via antimicrobial susceptibility tests without molecular analysis. Here, we isolated a blaIMP-6 carbapenemase-gene positive but imipenem- and meropenem-susceptible Escherichia coli (ISMS-E) strain A56-1S (imipenem and meropenem minimum inhibitory concentration, ≤ 0.125 mg/L), from a human urine specimen in Japan. A56-1S was carbapenemase negative by the Carba NP test, suggesting that IMP-6 production was low or undetectable. Thus, to characterize the mechanism of this phenotype, a meropenem-resistant E. coli A56-1R strain was obtained using meropenem-selection. A56-1R was positive for carbapenemase production by the Carba NP test, and blaIMP-6 transcription in A56-1R was 53-fold higher than in A56-1S, indicating that blaIMP-6 in A56-1S is negatively regulated at the transcriptional level. Comparative genomic analysis between the two strains revealed that the alleviation of restriction of DNA (ardK) gene encoding a putative transcription factor is disrupted by the IS26 insertion in A56-1R. A cotransformation assay of ardK and the regulatory element upstream of blaIMP-6 showed repression of blaIMP-6 transcription, indicating that ArdK negatively modulates blaIMP-6 transcription. ArdK binding and affinity assays demonstrated that ArdK directly binds to the regulatory element upstream of blaIMP-6 with dissociation constant values comparable to those of general transcription factors. The IMP-6 carbapenemase showed low hydrolytic activity against imipenem, resulting in an imipenem-susceptible and meropenem-resistant (ISMR) phenotype (previously reported as a stealth phenotype). However, the low expression of IMP-6 in the A56-1S strain could be a typical characteristic of ISMS-E due to gene repression, indicating that conventional antimicrobial susceptibility tests might be unable to detect such strains even when using both imipenem and meropenem. Bacteria that exhibit the ISMS phenotype could play a potential role as undetectable reservoirs and might facilitate gene transfer to other organisms while avoiding detection.
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Adelowo OO, Vollmers J, Mäusezahl I, Kaster AK, Müller JA. Detection of the carbapenemase gene bla VIM-5 in members of the Pseudomonas putida group isolated from polluted Nigerian wetlands. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15116. [PMID: 30310126 PMCID: PMC6181998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are increasing concerns about possible dissemination of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes, including genes encoding for carbapenemases in the environment. However, little is known about environmental distribution of antibiotic resistance in Africa. In this study, four polluted urban wetlands in Nigeria were investigated as potential reservoirs of carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB). CRB were isolated from the wetlands, characterized by Blue-Carba test, MIC determinations and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Nine of 65 bacterial isolates identified as members of the Pseudomonas putida group (P. plecoglossicida and P. guariconensis, respectively) harboured the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaVIM-5. WGS revealed the blaVIM-5 in three novel Tn402-like class 1 integron structures containing the cassette arrays aadB|blaVIM-5|blaPSE-1, aadB|blaVIM-5|aadB|blaPSE-1, and blaVIM-5|aadB|tnpA|blaPSE-1|smr2|tnpA, respectively. Strains carrying the aadB|blaVIM-5|blaPSE-1 cassette also carried an identical integron without blaVIM-5. In addition, the strains harboured another Tn402-like class 1 integron carrying bcr2, several multidrug resistance efflux pumps, and at least one of ampC, aph(3”)-lb, aph(6)-ld, tetB, tetC, tetG, floR, and macAB. This is the first report of a carbapenemase gene in bacteria from environmental sources in Nigeria and the first report of blaVIM-5 in environmental bacteria isolates. This result underscores the role of the Nigerian environment as reservoir of bacteria carrying clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale O Adelowo
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany. .,Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ines Mäusezahl
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jochen A Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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50
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Dhawde R, Macaden R, Saranath D, Nilgiriwala K, Ghadge A, Birdi T. Antibiotic Resistance Characterization of Environmental E. coli Isolated from River Mula-Mutha, Pune District, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061247. [PMID: 29895787 PMCID: PMC6025386 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, ceftazidime- and ciprofloxacin-resistant—or dual drug-resistant (DDR)—E. coli were isolated from river Mula-Mutha, which flows through rural Pune district and Pune city. The DDR E. coli were further examined for antibiotic resistance to six additional antibiotics. The study also included detection of genes responsible for ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin resistance and vectors for horizontal gene transfer. Twenty-eight percent of the identified DDR E. coli were resistant to more than six antibiotics, with 12% being resistant to all eight antibiotics tested. Quinolone resistance was determined through the detection of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and oqxA genes, whereas cephalosporin resistance was confirmed through detection of TEM, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-27 and SHV genes. Out of 219 DDR E. coli, 8.2% were qnrS positive and 0.4% were qnrB positive. Percentage of isolates positive for the TEM, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-27 genes were 32%, 46% and 0.9%, respectively. None of the DDR E. coli tested carried the qnrA, SHV and oqxA genes. Percentage of DDR E. coli carrying Class 1 and 2 integrons (mobile genetic elements) were 47% and 8%, respectively. The results showed that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and integrons were present in the E. coli isolated from the river at points adjoining and downstream of Pune city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Dhawde
- The Foundation for Medical Research, 84A, R.G. Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400 018, India.
| | - Ragini Macaden
- St Johns Research Institute, 100 Feet Rd, John Nagar, Koramangala, Bangalore 560 034, India.
| | - Dhananjaya Saranath
- Cancer Patients Aid Association (CPAA), Sumer Kendra, Mumbai 400 0018, India.
| | - Kayzad Nilgiriwala
- The Foundation for Medical Research, 84A, R.G. Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400 018, India.
| | - Appasaheb Ghadge
- The Foundation for Research in Community Health, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Tannaz Birdi
- The Foundation for Medical Research, 84A, R.G. Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400 018, India.
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