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Kavanaugh LG, Dey D, Shafer WM, Conn GL. Structural and functional diversity of Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) efflux pump transporters with implications for antimicrobial resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0008923. [PMID: 39235227 PMCID: PMC11426026 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00089-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe discovery of bacterial efflux pumps significantly advanced our understanding of how bacteria can resist cytotoxic compounds that they encounter. Within the structurally and functionally distinct families of efflux pumps, those of the Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) superfamily are noteworthy for their ability to reduce the intracellular concentration of structurally diverse antimicrobials. RND systems are possessed by many Gram-negative bacteria, including those causing serious human disease, and frequently contribute to resistance to multiple antibiotics. Herein, we review the current literature on the structure-function relationships of representative transporter proteins of tripartite RND efflux pumps of clinically important pathogens. We emphasize their contribution to bacterial resistance to clinically used antibiotics, host defense antimicrobials and other biocides, as well as highlighting structural similarities and differences among efflux transporters that help bacteria survive in the face of antimicrobials. Furthermore, we discuss technical advances that have facilitated and advanced efflux pump research and suggest future areas of investigation that will advance antimicrobial development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan G Kavanaugh
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Debayan Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - William M Shafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laboratories of Microbial Pathogenesis, VA Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Graeme L Conn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Mechmechani S, Yammine J, Alhuthali S, El Mouzawak M, Charvourou G, Ghasrsallaoui A, Chihib NE, Doulgeraki A, Karam L. Study of the Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm, Biofilm-Detached Cells, and Planktonic Cells to Microencapsulated Carvacrol Used Alone or Combined with Low-pH Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7222. [PMID: 39000327 PMCID: PMC11242642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms pose severe problems in the medical field and food industry, as they are the cause of many serious infections and food-borne diseases. The extreme biofilms' resistance to conventional anti-microbial treatments presents a major challenge to their elimination. In this study, the difference in resistance between Staphylococcus aureus DSMZ 12463 biofilms, biofilm-detached cells, and planktonic cells against microcapsules containing carvacrol was assessed. The antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity of low pH disinfection medium containing the microencapsulated carvacrol was also studied. In addition, the effect of low pH on the in vitro carvacrol release from microcapsules was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration of microencapsulated carvacrol was 0.625 mg mL-1. The results showed that biofilms exhibited greater resistance to microencapsulated carvacrol than the biofilm-detached cells and planktonic cells. Low pH treatment alone, by hydrochloric acid addition, showed no bactericidal effect on any of the three states of S. aureus strain. However, microencapsulated carvacrol was able to significantly reduce the planktonic cells and biofilm-detached cells below the detection limit (no bacterial counts), and the biofilm by approximatively 3 log CFU mL-1. In addition, results showed that microencapsulated carvacrol combined with low pH treatment reduced biofilm by more than 5 log CFU mL-1. Thus, the use of microencapsulated carvacrol in acidic environment could be a promising approach to combat biofilms from abiotic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Mechmechani
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, L'alimentation Et L'environnement (INRAE), University of Lille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 59120 Lille, France
| | - Jina Yammine
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, L'alimentation Et L'environnement (INRAE), University of Lille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 59120 Lille, France
| | - Sakhr Alhuthali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Georgia Charvourou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products-Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Adem Ghasrsallaoui
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nour Eddine Chihib
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, L'alimentation Et L'environnement (INRAE), University of Lille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 59120 Lille, France
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products-Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Layal Karam
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Bendary MM, Ali MAM, Abdel Halim AS, Boufahja F, Chaudhary AA, Elkelish A, Soliman RHM, Hegazy WAH. Investigating Sulforaphane's anti-virulence and anti-quorum sensing properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1406653. [PMID: 38835668 PMCID: PMC11148281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1406653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background P. aeruginosa, a significant bacterium, can cause severe illness and resistance to antibiotics. Quorum sensing (QS) systems regulate virulence factors production. Targeting QS could reduce bacteria pathogenicity and prevent antibiotic resistance. Cruciferous vegetables contain sulforaphane, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. Aim We aimed to examine the inhibitory influences of sulforaphane, at a sub-inhibitory concentration (¼ minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC), on virulence and QS in P. aeruginosa. Materials and methods The sulforaphane's anti-virulence actions at sub-inhibitory concentrations were explored in vitro and in vivo. A sub-MIC concentration of sulforaphane was combined with anti-pseudomonal drugs, and the results of this combination were assessed. The virtual affinity of sulforaphane for the receptors of QS was studied, and its effect on the expression of QS genes was quantified. Results Sulforaphane significantly decreased the biofilm formation, motility, ability to withstand oxidative stress, and the synthesis of virulence extracellular enzymes such as proteases, hemolysins, and elastase, as well as other virulence factors like pyocyanin. In addition, sulforaphane lessened the severity of P. aeruginosa infection in mice. Sulforaphane reduced the antipseudomonal antibiotics' MICs when used together, resulting in synergistic effects. The observed anti-virulence impacts were attributed to the ability of sulforaphane to inhibit QS via suppressing the QS genes' expression. Conclusion Sulforaphane shows promise as a potent anti-virulence and anti-QS agent that can be used alongside conventional antimicrobials to manage severe infections effectively. Furthermore, this study paves the way for further investigation of sulforaphane and similar structures as pharmacophores for anti-QS candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Bendary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alyaa S Abdel Halim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rania H M Soliman
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Wael A H Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
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4
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Duffey M, Jumde RP, da Costa RM, Ropponen HK, Blasco B, Piddock LJ. Extending the Potency and Lifespan of Antibiotics: Inhibitors of Gram-Negative Bacterial Efflux Pumps. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1458-1482. [PMID: 38661541 PMCID: PMC11091901 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Efflux is a natural process found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that removes a diverse range of substrates from inside to outside. Many antibiotics are substrates of bacterial efflux pumps, and modifications to the structure or overexpression of efflux pumps are an important resistance mechanism utilized by many multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, chemical inhibition of bacterial efflux to revitalize existing antibiotics has been considered a promising approach for antimicrobial chemotherapy over two decades, and various strategies have been employed. In this review, we provide an overview of bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps, of which the resistance nodulation division (RND) efflux pumps are considered the most clinically relevant in Gram-negative bacteria, and describe over 50 efflux inhibitors that target such systems. Although numerous efflux inhibitors have been identified to date, none have progressed into clinical use because of formulation, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic issues or a narrow spectrum of inhibition. For these reasons, the development of efflux inhibitors has been considered a difficult and complex area of research, and few active preclinical studies on efflux inhibitors are in progress. However, recently developed tools, including but not limited to computational tools including molecular docking models, offer hope that further research on efflux inhibitors can be a platform for research and development of new bacterial efflux inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Duffey
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ravindra P. Jumde
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renata M.A. da Costa
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Henni-Karoliina Ropponen
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Blasco
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura J.V. Piddock
- Global
Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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Finina BF, Mersha AK. Nano-enabled antimicrobial thin films: design and mechanism of action. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5290-5308. [PMID: 38357038 PMCID: PMC10866018 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial thin films are types of protective coatings that are applied to surfaces such as medical devices, food packaging materials, water-resistant coatings, and other systems. These films prevent and reduce the spread of microbial organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Antimicrobial thin films can be prepared from a variety of nanostructured materials including metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, plant materials, enzymes, bacteriocins and polymers. Their antimicrobial mechanism varies mostly based on the types of active agents from which the film is made of. Antimicrobial thin films are becoming increasingly popular microbial treatment methods due to their advantages such as enhanced stability, reduced toxicity levels, extended effectiveness over time and broad spectrum antimicrobial action without side effects on human health or the environment. This popularity and enhanced performance is mainly due to the extended possibility of film designs. Thin films offer convenient formulation methods which makes them suitable for commercial practices aiming at high turnover rates along with residential applications requiring frequent application cycles. This review focuses on recent developments in the possible processing methods and design approaches for assembling the various types of antimicrobial materials into nanostructured thin film-based delivery systems, along with mechanisms of action against microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilisuma Fekadu Finina
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, Kotebe University of Education Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Kindu Mersha
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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Wang Y, Su J, Zhou Z, Yang J, Liu W, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Guo T, Li G. Baicalein Resensitizes Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens to Doxycycline. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0470222. [PMID: 37070985 PMCID: PMC10269726 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04702-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As multidrug-resistant pathogens emerge and spread rapidly, novel antibiotics urgently need to be discovered. With a dwindling antibiotic pipeline, antibiotic adjuvants might be used to revitalize existing antibiotics. In recent decades, traditional Chinese medicine has occupied an essential position in adjuvants of antibiotics. This study found that baicalein potentiates doxycycline against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Mechanism studies have shown that baicalein causes membrane disruption by attaching to phospholipids on the Gram-negative bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane. This process facilitates the entry of doxycycline into bacteria. Through collaborative strategies, baicalein can also increase the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibit the activities of multidrug efflux pumps and biofilm formation to potentiate antibiotic efficacy. Additionally, baicalein attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in vitro. Finally, baicalein can significantly improve doxycycline efficacy in mouse lung infection models. The present study showed that baicalein might be considered a lead compound, and it should be further optimized and developed as an adjuvant that helps combat antibiotic resistance. IMPORTANCE Doxycycline is an important broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic used for treating multiple human infections, but its resistance rates are recently rising globally. Thus, new agents capable of boosting the effectiveness of doxycycline need to be discovered. In this study, it was found that baicalein potentiates doxycycline against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in vitro and in vivo. Due to its low cytotoxicity and resistance, the combination of baicalein and doxycycline provides a valuable clinical reference for selecting more effective therapeutic strategies for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Su
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Laboratory Department, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafen Zhang
- Laboratory Department, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guocai Li
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Department, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Caioni G, Benedetti E, Perugini M, Amorena M, Merola C. Personal Care Products as a Contributing Factor to Antimicrobial Resistance: Current State and Novel Approach to Investigation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:724. [PMID: 37107085 PMCID: PMC10135053 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the world's industrialized nations' biggest issues. It has a significant influence on the ecosystem and negatively affects human health. The overuse of antibiotics in the healthcare and agri-food industries has historically been defined as a leading factor, although the use of antimicrobial-containing personal care products plays a significant role in the spread of AMR. Lotions, creams, shampoos, soaps, shower gels, toothpaste, fragrances, and other items are used for everyday grooming and hygiene. However, in addition to the primary ingredients, additives are included to help preserve the product by lowering its microbial load and provide disinfection properties. These same substances are released into the environment, escaping traditional wastewater treatment methods and remaining in ecosystems where they contact microbial communities and promote the spread of resistance. The study of antimicrobial compounds, which are often solely researched from a toxicological point of view, must be resumed considering the recent discoveries, to highlight their contribution to AMR. Parabens, triclocarban, and triclosan are among the most worrying chemicals. To investigate this issue, more effective models must be chosen. Among them, zebrafish is a crucial study system because it allows for the assessment of both the risks associated with exposure to these substances as well as environmental monitoring. Furthermore, artificial intelligence-based computer systems are useful in simplifying the handling of antibiotic resistance data and speeding up drug discovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Monia Perugini
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.P.); (M.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Michele Amorena
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.P.); (M.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmine Merola
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.P.); (M.A.); (C.M.)
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Wang WQ, Feng XC, Shi HT, Wang YM, Jiang CY, Xiao ZJ, Xu YJ, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Ren NQ. Biofilm inhibition based on controlling the transmembrane transport and extracellular accumulation of quorum sensing signals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115218. [PMID: 36608761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) has been used to inhibit biofouling in wastewater treatment plants and the formation of biofilms. In contrast to traditional QS regulation strategies, this study aimed to obstruct the transmembrane transport process of QS signals to decrease their extracellular accumulation. Three phytochemicals, astragaloside IV, eugenol, and baicalin were selected, their effects on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 were studied, and the mechanisms determined. The inhibition efficiency of biofilm formation by 50 mg/L astragaloside IV, 1 mg/L eugenol, and 1 mg/L baicalin were 37%, 26%, and 26%, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and analysis of extracellular polymeric substances indicated that the three inhibitors affected the structure and composition of the biofilms. Furthermore, bacterial motility and a variety of QS-related virulence factors were suppressed by the inhibitor treatment due to changes in bacterial QS. Notably, the three inhibitors all decreased the extracellular concentration of the QS signaling molecule 3-oxo-C12-homoseine lactone by affecting the function of efflux pump MexAB-OprM. This indirectly interfered with the bacterial QS system and thus inhibited biofilm formation. In conclusion, this study revealed the inhibitory effects and inhibition mechanism of three phytochemicals on efflux pump and QS of P. aeruginosa and realized the inhibition on biofilm formation. We update the efflux pump inhibitor library and provide a new way for biofilm contamination control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
| | - Hong-Tao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Yong-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Chen-Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Zi-Jie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 10076, PR China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
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9
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Lorusso AB, Carrara JA, Barroso CDN, Tuon FF, Faoro H. Role of Efflux Pumps on Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15779. [PMID: 36555423 PMCID: PMC9779380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an old and silent pandemic. Resistant organisms emerge in parallel with new antibiotics, leading to a major global public health crisis over time. Antibiotic resistance may be due to different mechanisms and against different classes of drugs. These mechanisms are usually found in the same organism, giving rise to multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. One resistance mechanism that is closely associated with the emergence of MDR and XDR bacteria is the efflux of drugs since the same pump can transport different classes of drugs. In Gram-negative bacteria, efflux pumps are present in two configurations: a transmembrane protein anchored in the inner membrane and a complex formed by three proteins. The tripartite complex has a transmembrane protein present in the inner membrane, a periplasmic protein, and a porin associated with the outer membrane. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the main pathogens associated with respiratory tract infections, four main sets of efflux pumps have been associated with antibiotic resistance: MexAB-OprM, MexXY, MexCD-OprJ, and MexEF-OprN. In this review, the function, structure, and regulation of these efflux pumps in P. aeruginosa and their actions as resistance mechanisms are discussed. Finally, a brief discussion on the potential of efflux pumps in P. aeruginosa as a target for new drugs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Bittencourt Lorusso
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Carrara
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Helisson Faoro
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
- CHU de Quebec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Boonyakanog A, Charoenlap N, Chattrakarn S, Vattanaviboon P, Mongkolsuk S. Contribution of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MfsC transporter to protection against diamide and the regulation of its expression by the diamide responsive repressor DitR. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272388. [PMID: 35913917 PMCID: PMC9342713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia contains an operon comprising mfsB and mfsC, which encode membrane transporters in the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). The results of the topological analysis predicted that both MfsB and MfsC possess 12 transmembrane helices with the N- and C-termini located inside the cells. The deletion of mfsC increased the susceptibility to diamide, a chemical oxidizing agent, but not to antibiotics and oxidative stress-generating substances relative to wild-type K279a. Moreover, no altered phenotype was observed against all tested substances for the ΔmfsB mutant. The results of the expression analysis revealed that the mfsBC expression was significantly induced by exposure to diamide. The diamide-induced gene expression was mediated by DitR, a TetR-type transcriptional regulator encoded by smlt0547. A constitutively high expression of mfsC in the ditR mutant indicated that DitR acts as a transcriptional repressor of mfsBC under physiological conditions. Purified DitR was bound to three sites spanning from position + 21 to -57, corresponding to the putative mfsBC promoter sequence, thereby interfering with the binding of RNA polymerase. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays illustrated that the treatment of purified DitR with diamide caused the release of DitR from the mfsBC promoter region, and the diamide sensing mechanism of DitR required two conserved cysteine residues, Cys92 and Cys127. This suggests that exposure to diamide can oxidize DitR through the oxidation of cysteine residues, leading to its release from the promoter, thus allowing mfsBC transcription. Overall, MfsC and DitR play a role in adaptive resistance against the diamide of S. maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkana Boonyakanog
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nisanart Charoenlap
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sorayut Chattrakarn
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Vattanaviboon
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Applied Biological Science: Environmental Health, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (PV); (SM)
| | - Skorn Mongkolsuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (PV); (SM)
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11
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Kadafour AN, Ibrahim H, Bala MD. Synthesis, characterization and application of new imino-functionalized 1,3-diazolium salts as antimicrobial agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Valenti GE, Alfei S, Caviglia D, Domenicotti C, Marengo B. Antimicrobial Peptides and Cationic Nanoparticles: A Broad-Spectrum Weapon to Fight Multi-Drug Resistance Not Only in Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116108. [PMID: 35682787 PMCID: PMC9181033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, antibiotic resistance and, analogously, anticancer drug resistance have increased considerably, becoming one of the main public health problems. For this reason, it is crucial to find therapeutic strategies able to counteract the onset of multi-drug resistance (MDR). In this review, a critical overview of the innovative tools available today to fight MDR is reported. In this direction, the use of membrane-disruptive peptides/peptidomimetics (MDPs), such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), has received particular attention, due to their high selectivity and to their limited side effects. Moreover, similarities between bacteria and cancer cells are herein reported and the hypothesis of the possible use of AMPs also in anticancer therapies is discussed. However, it is important to take into account the limitations that could negatively impact clinical application and, in particular, the need for an efficient delivery system. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is proposed as a potential strategy to improve therapy; moreover, among polymeric NPs, cationic ones are emerging as promising tools able to fight the onset of MDR both in bacteria and in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia E. Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (B.M.)
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (B.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353-8830
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (B.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Prevalence, virulence determinants, and genetic diversity in Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from slaughtered pigs and pig carcasses. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 376:109756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Goyal B, Verma N, Kharewal T, Gahlaut A, Hooda V. Structural effects of nanoparticles on their antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistance. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.2025103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Goyal
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Verma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Tannu Kharewal
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anjum Gahlaut
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Hooda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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15
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Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E. Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102041. [PMID: 34683362 PMCID: PMC8541629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of drug- resistant pathogens raises an urgent need to identify and isolate new bioactive compounds from medicinal plants using standardized modern analytical procedures. Medicinal plant-derived compounds could provide novel straightforward approaches against pathogenic bacteria. This review explores the antimicrobial activity of plant-derived components, their possible mechanisms of action, as well as their chemical potential. The focus is put on the current challenges and future perspectives surrounding medicinal plants antimicrobial activity. There are some inherent challenges regarding medicinal plant extracts and their antimicrobial efficacy. Appropriate and optimized extraction methodology plant species dependent leads to upgraded and selective extracted compounds. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the determination of the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts may show variations in obtained results. Moreover, there are several difficulties and problems that need to be overcome for the development of new antimicrobials from plant extracts, while efforts have been made to enhance the antimicrobial activity of chemical compounds. Research on the mechanisms of action, interplay with other substances, and the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profile of the medicinal plant extracts should be given high priority to characterize them as potential antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vaou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
- Correspondence: (N.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (N.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Chrysa Voidarou
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece;
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
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16
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Salam LB, Obayori OS, Ilori MO, Amund OO. Impact of spent engine oil contamination on the antibiotic resistome of a tropical agricultural soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1251-1271. [PMID: 33993436 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Profiling of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is becoming increasingly important due to emerging realities of their preponderance in hydrocarbon-inundated matrices. In this study, the antibiotic resistome of an agricultural soil (1S) and agricultural soil contaminated with spent engine oil (AB1) were evaluated via functional annotation of the open reading frames (ORFs) of their metagenomes using the comprehensive antibiotic database (CARD) and KEGG KofamKOALA. CARD analysis of AB1 metagenome revealed the detection of 24 AMR (antimicrobial resistance) gene families, 66 ARGs, and the preponderance (69.7%) of ARGs responsible for antibiotic efflux in AB1 metagenome. CARD analysis of 1S metagenome revealed four AMR gene families and five ARGs. Functional annotation of the two metagenomes using KofamKOALA showed 171 ARGs in AB1 and 29 ARGs in 1S, respectively. Majority of the detected ARGs in AB1 (121; 70.8%) and 1S (16; 55.2%) using KofamKOALA are responsible for antibiotic efflux while ARGs for other resistance mechanisms were also detected. All the five major antibiotic efflux pump systems were detected in AB1 metagenome, though majority of the ARGs for antibiotic efflux belong to the RND (resistance-nodulation-cell division) and MFS (major facilitator superfamily) efflux systems. Significant differences observed in the ARGs recovered from 1S and AB1 metagenomes were statistically validated (P < 0.05). SEO contamination is believed to be responsible for ARGs increase in AB1 metagenome via mechanisms of cross-resistance especially with efflux pumps. The detection of these ARGs is of great public health concern in this era of multidrug resistant isolates resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateef Babatunde Salam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Summit University, Offa, Kwara, Nigeria.
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17
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Mechanistic Insight into Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Jasminum Species: A Herbal Approach for Disease Management. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061089. [PMID: 34071621 PMCID: PMC8227019 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance among microbial pathogens and oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species are two of the most challenging global issues. Firstly, drug-resistant pathogens cause several fatalities every year. Secondly aging and a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, are associated with free radical generated oxidative stress. The treatments currently available are limited, ineffective, or less efficient, so there is an immediate need to tackle these issues by looking for new therapies to resolve resistance and neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals. In the 21st century, the best way to save humans from them could be by using plants as well as their bioactive constituents. In this specific context, Jasminum is a major plant genus that is used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine to treat a variety of ailments. The information in this review was gathered from a variety of sources, including books, websites, and databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In this review, a total of 14 species of Jasminum have been found to be efficient and effective against a wide variety of microbial pathogens. In addition, 14 species were found to be active free radical scavengers. The review is also focused on the disorders related to oxidative stress, and it was concluded that Jasminum grandiflorum and J. sambac normalized various parameters that were elevated by free radical generation. Alkaloids, flavonoids (rutoside), terpenes, phenols, and iridoid glucosides are among the main phytoconstituents found in various Jasminum species. Furthermore, this review also provides insight into the mechanistic basis of drug resistance, the generation of free radicals, and the role of Jasminum plants in combating resistance and neutralizing free radicals.
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18
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Sodhi KK, Kumar M, Balan B, Dhaulaniya AS, Shree P, Sharma N, Singh DK. Perspectives on the antibiotic contamination, resistance, metabolomics, and systemic remediation. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAntibiotics have been regarded as the emerging contaminants because of their massive use in humans and veterinary medicines and their persistence in the environment. The global concern of antibiotic contamination to different environmental matrices and the emergence of antibiotic resistance has posed a severe impact on the environment. Different mass-spectrometry-based techniques confirm their presence in the environment. Antibiotics are released into the environment through the wastewater steams and runoff from land application of manure. The microorganisms get exposed to the antibiotics resulting in the development of antimicrobial resistance. Consistent release of the antibiotics, even in trace amount into the soil and water ecosystem, is the major concern because the antibiotics can lead to multi-resistance in bacteria which can cause hazardous effects on agriculture, aquaculture, human, and livestock. A better understanding of the correlation between the antibiotic use and occurrence of antibiotic resistance can help in the development of policies to promote the judicious use of antibiotics. The present review puts a light on the remediation, transportation, uptake, and antibiotic resistance in the environment along with a novel approach of creating a database for systemic remediation, and metabolomics for the cleaner and safer environment.
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19
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Lei Z, Karim A. The challenges and applications of nanotechnology against bacterial resistance. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:281-297. [PMID: 33277732 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to the antibiotics develops rapidly and is increasingly serious health concern in the world. It is an insoluble topic due to the multiple resistant mechanisms. The overexpression of relative activities of the efflux pump has proven to be a frequent and important source of bacterial resistance. Efflux transporters in the membrane from the resistant bacteria could play a key role to inhibit the intracellular drug intake and impede the drug activities. However, nanoparticles (NPs), one of the most frequently used encapsulation materials, could increase the intracellular accumulation of the drug and inhibit the transporter activity effectively. The rational and successful application of nanotechnology is a key factor in overcoming bacterial resistance. Furthermore, nanoparticles such as metallic, carbon nanotubes and so on, may prevent the development of drug resistance and be associated with antibiotic agents, inhibiting biofilm formation or increasing the access into the target cell and exterminating the bacteria eventually. In the current study, the mechanisms of bacterial resistance are discussed and summarized. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges in the use of nanoparticles against bacterial resistance are also illuminated. At the same time, the use of nanoparticles to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria is also investigated by coupling natural antimicrobials or other alternatives. In short, we have provided a new perspective for the application of nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Lei
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aman Karim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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20
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Zhang YN, Zhang T, Liu H, Qu J, Li C, Chen J, Peijnenburg WJGM. Simulated sunlight-induced inactivation of tetracycline resistant bacteria and effects of dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116241. [PMID: 32777596 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of antibiotic resistance in surface water has attracted much attention due to its increasing threat to human health. The role of sunlight irradiation and the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the transmission of antibiotic resistance are still unclear. In this study, photo-inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) was investigated using antibiotic resistant E. coli (AR E. coli) that contained the tetracycline resistance gene (Tc-ARG) as a representative. The results showed that AR E. coli underwent significant photo-inactivation due to the membrane damage induced by direct irradiation and by the generated reactive oxygen species. Simulated sunlight irradiation specifically suppressed the expression of tetracycline resistance, which is attributed to the destruction of tetracycline-specific efflux pump. Tetracycline inhibited the photo-inactivation of AR E. coli due to its selective pressure on tetracycline resistant E. coli and competitive light absorption effect. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), a representative DOM, promoted the inactivation of AR E. coli and further inhibited the expression of tetracycline resistance gene due to the generation of its excited triplet state, singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radical. The extracellular Tc-ARG also underwent fast photodegradation under light irradiation and in the presence of SRFA, which leads to the decrease of its transformation efficiency. This study provided insight into the sunlight-induced inactivation of ARB, which is of significance for understanding the transmission of tetracycline resistance in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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21
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Shiadeh SMJ, Azimi L, Azimi T, Pourmohammad A, Goudarzi M, Chaboki BG, Hashemi A. Upregulation of efrAB efflux pump among Enterococcus faecalis ST480, ST847 in Iran. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2020; 67:187-192. [PMID: 32986605 DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and especially multiresistance in Enterococci, is a serious public health issue especially in infections of immunocompromised patients. EfrAB is a heterodimeric multidrug ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that causes endogenous resistance to antimicrobials including fluoroquinolones in Enterococcus spp. The aim of this study was to seek the gene expression rate and role of efrAB efflux pump in ciprofloxacin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of multiresistant isolates. Phenotypic and genotyping identification of 80 E. faecalis isolates were performed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ciprofloxacin (CIP) were measured with and without carbonylcyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) by broth microdilution. After DNA extraction and sequencing for detection of efrA and efrB genes, the efrAB efflux positive isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin and showed decrease of ciprofloxacin MIC range were identified. Isolates that exhibited decrease in ciprofloxacin MIC range from two to ten folds were assessed for biofilm formation and finally, the expression levels of efrB, efrA genes were measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). High rates of resistance to tetracycline and minocycline and low rates of resistance to the most antibiotics used in this study were detected. The results in this study indicated that the incidence of Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was 23.7% and all isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin revealed several degrees of overexpression in efrA and efrB genes. Our study found two ST480 and one ST847 in E. faecalis isolates. In conclusion, despite of low frequency of resistance to the most antibiotics and MDRs in our region, we found one ST480 isolate with resistance to eight antibiotics that also exists in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Azimi
- 2Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Azimi
- 3Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pourmohammad
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Gholami Chaboki
- 4Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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The Salmonella enterica Plasmidome as a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071016. [PMID: 32650601 PMCID: PMC7409225 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains worldwide has become a serious problem for public health over recent decades. The increase in antimicrobial resistance has been expanding via plasmids as mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes that are transferred vertically and horizontally. This study focuses on Salmonella enterica, one of the leading foodborne pathogens in industrialized countries. S. enterica is known to carry several plasmids involved not only in virulence but also in AMR. In the current paper, we present an integrated strategy to detect plasmid scaffolds in whole genome sequencing (WGS) assemblies. We developed a two-step procedure to predict plasmids based on i) the presence of essential elements for plasmid replication and mobility, as well as ii) sequence similarity to a reference plasmid. Next, to confirm the accuracy of the prediction in 1750 S. enterica short-read sequencing data, we combined Oxford Nanopore MinION long-read sequencing with Illumina MiSeq short-read sequencing in hybrid assemblies for 84 isolates to evaluate the proportion of plasmid that has been detected. At least one scaffold with an origin of replication (ORI) was predicted in 61.3% of the Salmonella isolates tested. The results indicated that IncFII and IncI1 ORIs were distributed in many S. enterica serotypes and were the most prevalent AMR genes carrier, whereas IncHI2A/IncHI2 and IncA/C2 were more serotype restricted but bore several AMR genes. Comparison between hybrid and short-read assemblies revealed that 81.1% of plasmids were found in the short-read sequencing using our pipeline. Through this process, we established that plasmids are prevalent in S. enterica and we also substantially expand the AMR genes in the resistome of this species.
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Carrieri R, Borriello G, Piccirillo G, Lahoz E, Sorrentino R, Cermola M, Censi SB, Grauso L, Mangoni A, Vinale F. Antibiotic Activity of a Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa-Produced Diketopiperazine against Salmonella enterica. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020083. [PMID: 32531985 PMCID: PMC7344678 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A diketopiperazine has been purified from a culture filtrate of the endophytic fungus Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa, isolated from healthy tissues of strawberry plants in a survey of microbes as sources of anti-bacterial metabolites. Its structure has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses and was found to be identical to cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) purified from species of other fungal genera. This secondary metabolite has been selected following bioguided-assay fractionation against two strains of Salmonella enterica, the causal agent of bovine gastroenteritis. The diketopiperazine cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe), isolated for the first time from Paraphaeosphaeria species, showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 71.3 and 78.6 μg/mL against the two S. enterica strains. This finding may be significant in limiting the use of synthetic antibiotics in animal husbandry and reducing the emergence of bacterial multidrug resistance. Further in vivo experiments of P. sporulosa diketopiperazines are important for the future application of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Carrieri
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’economia agraria, Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali. Via Torrino, 2; I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (R.C.); (G.P.); (E.L.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Giorgia Borriello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2; Portici, 80055 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giulio Piccirillo
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’economia agraria, Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali. Via Torrino, 2; I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (R.C.); (G.P.); (E.L.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Ernesto Lahoz
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’economia agraria, Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali. Via Torrino, 2; I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (R.C.); (G.P.); (E.L.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Roberto Sorrentino
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’economia agraria, Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali. Via Torrino, 2; I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (R.C.); (G.P.); (E.L.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Cermola
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’economia agraria, Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali. Via Torrino, 2; I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (R.C.); (G.P.); (E.L.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Laura Grauso
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. Via Università, 100; Portici, 80055 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Mangoni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. Via Domenico Montesano, 49; 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali—Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. Via Federico Delpino, 1; 80137 Napoli, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Via Università, 133, Portici, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Weng C, Shen L, Ang WH. Harnessing Endogenous Formate for Antibacterial Prodrug Activation by in cellulo Ruthenium-Mediated Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9314-9318. [PMID: 32141662 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and evolving pathogenic behavior of bacterial microorganisms give rise to antibiotic tolerance and resistance which pose a danger to global public health. New therapeutic strategies are needed to keep pace with this growing threat. We propose a novel approach for targeting bacteria by harnessing formate, a cell metabolite found only in particular bacterial species, to activate an antibacterial prodrug and selectively inhibit their growth. This strategy is premised on transfer hydrogenation reaction on a biorthogonal substrate utilizing native formate as the hydride source as a means of uncaging an antibacterial prodrug. Using coordination-directed 3-component assembly to prepare a library of 768 unique Ru-Arene Schiff-base complexes, we identified several candidates that efficiently reduced sulfonyl azide functional group in the presence of formate. This strategy paves the way for a new approach of targeted antibacterial therapy by exploiting unique bacterial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Linghui Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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25
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Tan J, Tay J, Hedrick J, Yang YY. Synthetic macromolecules as therapeutics that overcome resistance in cancer and microbial infection. Biomaterials 2020; 252:120078. [PMID: 32417653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic macromolecular antimicrobials have shown efficacy in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. These synthetic macromolecules, inspired by Nature's antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), mitigate resistance by disrupting microbial cell membrane or targeting multiple intracellular proteins or genes. Unlike AMPs, these polymers are less prone to degradation by proteases and are easier to synthesize on a large scale. Recently, various studies have revealed that cancer cell membrane, like that of microbes, is negatively charged, and AMPs can be used as anticancer agents. Nevertheless, efforts in developing polymers as anticancer agents has remained limited. This review highlights the recent advancement in the development of synthetic biodegradable antimicrobial polymers (e.g. polycarbonates, polyesters and polypeptides) and anticancer macromolecules including peptides and polymers. Additionally, strategies to improve their in vivo bioavailability and selectivity towards bacteria and cancer cells are examined. Lastly, future perspectives, including use of artificial intelligence or machine learning, in the development of antimicrobial and anticancer macromolecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore; Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Joyce Tay
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore; Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - James Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA, 95120, United States
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore.
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26
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Maltas J, Krasnick B, Wood KB. Using Selection by Nonantibiotic Stressors to Sensitize Bacteria to Antibiotics. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:1394-1406. [PMID: 31851309 PMCID: PMC7182213 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptation of bacteria to nonantibiotic selective forces, such as osmotic stress, has been previously associated with increased antibiotic resistance, but much less is known about potentially sensitizing effects of nonantibiotic stressors. In this study, we use laboratory evolution to investigate adaptation of Enterococcus faecalis, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, to a broad collection of environmental agents, ranging from antibiotics and biocides to extreme pH and osmotic stress. We find that nonantibiotic selection frequently leads to increased sensitivity to other conditions, including multiple antibiotics. Using population sequencing and whole-genome sequencing of single isolates from the evolved populations, we identify multiple mutations in genes previously linked with resistance to the selecting conditions, including genes corresponding to known drug targets or multidrug efflux systems previously tied to collateral sensitivity. Finally, we hypothesized based on the measured sensitivity profiles that sequential rounds of antibiotic and nonantibiotic selection may lead to hypersensitive populations by harnessing the orthogonal collateral effects of particular pairs of selective forces. To test this hypothesis, we show experimentally that populations evolved to a sequence of linezolid (an oxazolidinone antibiotic) and sodium benzoate (a common preservative) exhibit increased sensitivity to more stressors than adaptation to either condition alone. The results demonstrate how sequential adaptation to drug and nondrug environments can be used to sensitize bacteria to antibiotics and highlight new potential strategies for exploiting shared constraints governing adaptation to diverse environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Maltas
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brian Krasnick
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kevin B Wood
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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27
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Weng C, Shen L, Ang WH. Harnessing Endogenous Formate for Antibacterial Prodrug Activation by
in cellulo
Ruthenium‐Mediated Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Weng
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Linghui Shen
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
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28
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Functional and Structural Roles of the Major Facilitator Superfamily Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020266. [PMID: 32079127 PMCID: PMC7074785 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms that are multidrug-resistant can pose severe clinical and public health concerns. In particular, bacterial multidrug efflux transporters of the major facilitator superfamily constitute a notable group of drug resistance mechanisms primarily because multidrug-resistant pathogens can become refractory to antimicrobial agents, thus resulting in potentially untreatable bacterial infections. The major facilitator superfamily is composed of thousands of solute transporters that are related in terms of their phylogenetic relationships, primary amino acid sequences, two- and three-dimensional structures, modes of energization (passive and secondary active), and in their mechanisms of solute and ion translocation across the membrane. The major facilitator superfamily is also composed of numerous families and sub-families of homologous transporters that are conserved across all living taxa, from bacteria to humans. Members of this superfamily share several classes of highly conserved amino acid sequence motifs that play essential mechanistic roles during transport. The structural and functional importance of multidrug efflux pumps that belong to the major facilitator family and that are harbored by Gram-negative and -positive bacterial pathogens are considered here.
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29
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Leow CY, Kazi A, Hisyam Ismail CMK, Chuah C, Lim BH, Leow CH, Banga Singh KK. Reverse vaccinology approach for the identification and characterization of outer membrane proteins of Shigella flexneri as potential cellular- and antibody-dependent vaccine candidates. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2020; 9:15-25. [PMID: 32095437 PMCID: PMC7024733 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2020.9.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the developing world, bacillary dysentery is one of the most common communicable diarrheal infections. There are approximately 169 million cases of shigellosis reported worldwide. The disease is transmitted by a group of Gram-negative intracellular enterobacteria known as Shigella flexneri, S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae, and S. boydii. Conventional treatment regimens for Shigella have been less effective due to the development of resistant strains against antibiotics. Therefore, an effective vaccine for the long term control of Shigella transmission is urgently needed. Materials and Methods In this study, a reverse vaccinology approach was employed to identify most conserved and immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of S. flexneri 2a. Results Five OMPs including fepA, ompC, nlpD_1, tolC, and nlpD_2 were identified as potential vaccine candidates. Protein-protein interactions analysis using STRING software (https://string-db.org/) revealed that five of these OMPs may potentially interact with other intracellular proteins which are involved in beta-lactam resistance pathway. B- and T-cell epitopes of the selected OMPs were predicted using BCPred as well as Propred I and Propred (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/propred/), respectively. Each of these OMPs contains regions which are capable to induce B- and T-cell immune responses. Conclusion Analysis acquired from this study showed that five selected OMPs have great potential for vaccine development against S. flexneri infection. The predicted immunogenic epitopes can also be used for development of peptide vaccines or multi-epitope vaccines against human shigellosis. Reverse vaccinology is a promising strategy for the discovery of potential vaccine candidates which can be used for future vaccine development against global persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan Yee Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Ada Kazi
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Candy Chuah
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Boon Huat Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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30
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A Review on Antibiotic Resistance Gene (ARG) Occurrence and Detection in WWTP in Ishikawa, Japan and Colombo, Sri Lanka. EMERGING ISSUES IN THE WATER ENVIRONMENT DURING ANTHROPOCENE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9771-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Bird K, Boopathy R, Nathaniel R, LaFleur G. Water pollution and observation of acquired antibiotic resistance in Bayou Lafourche, a major drinking water source in Southeast Louisiana, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34220-34232. [PMID: 30612354 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are known to enter the environment, not only by human excretion but also through livestock/aquaculture, healthcare facilities, and pharmaceutical industry waste. Once in the environment, antibiotics have the ability to provide a selective pressure in microbial communities thus selecting for resistance. Bayou Lafourche of Southeastern Louisiana serves as the raw source of drinking water for 300,000 people in the region and has previously been shown to receive high amounts of fecal contamination. Four sites along the bayou and one site from its input source on the Mississippi River were monitored for water chemistry, total and fecal coliform estimates, and presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) for a period of 1 year. Four waste-associated bacterial isolates were tested for resistance to antibiotics (tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, cefoxitin, meropenem, imipenem, erythromycin, and vancomycin). Resistant bacteria were further examined with PCR/electrophoresis to confirm the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (Sul1, tet(A), tet(W), tet(X), IMP, KPC, and OXA-48). The bayou appears to meet the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ) criteria for water chemistry, yet fecal coliforms were consistently higher than LDEQ thresholds, thus indicating fecal contamination. Enterobacteriaceae isolates showed 13.6%, 10.9%, and 19.8% resistant to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and cefoxitin, respectively, and 11 isolates were confirmed for presence of either tet(A) or Sul1 resistance genes. High fecal coliforms and presence of ARB/ARG may both indicate a presence of anthropogenic or agricultural source of fecal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Bird
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, 70310, USA
| | - Raj Boopathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, 70310, USA.
| | - Rajkumar Nathaniel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, 70310, USA
| | - Gary LaFleur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, 70310, USA
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32
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Gabrielyan L, Trchounian A. Antibacterial activities of transient metals nanoparticles and membranous mechanisms of action. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:162. [PMID: 31612285 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various transient metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have shown pronounced biological activity, including antibacterial action against different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including pathogens and drug-resistant ones. Thus, NPs can be applied in nanotechnology for controlling bacterial growth as well as in biomedicine for the treatment of various diseases. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not clear yet. This review is focused on the antibacterial effects of transient metal NPs, especially iron oxide (Fe3O4) and Ag NPs on Escherichia coli wild type and antibiotic-resistant strains. Ag NPs show more pronounced bactericidal effect than Fe3O4 NPs. Moreover, Ag NPs display more expressed antibacterial effect at low concentrations. Interestingly, kanamycin-resistant strain is more susceptible to Fe3O4 NPs than wild type strain. In order to explain the possible mechanisms of NP effects, in addition to the production of reactive oxygen species causing damage in cells, particularly, their membranes, the changes in the membrane-associated H+-translocating FOF1-ATPase activity, H+-fluxes through the bacterial membrane, redox potential and hydrogen yield by membrane-associated enzymes-hydrogenases, are discussed. We observed from the results that FOF1-ATPase could be a main target for NPs. A scheme of possible action mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Gabrielyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Russian-Armenian University, 123 H. Emin Str., 0051, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoukian Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Armen Trchounian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Russian-Armenian University, 123 H. Emin Str., 0051, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoukian Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
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33
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Khameneh B, Iranshahy M, Soheili V, Fazly Bazzaz BS. Review on plant antimicrobials: a mechanistic viewpoint. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:118. [PMID: 31346459 PMCID: PMC6636059 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to classical antibiotics and its rapid progression have raised serious concern in the treatment of infectious diseases. Recently, many studies have been directed towards finding promising solutions to overcome these problems. Phytochemicals have exerted potential antibacterial activities against sensitive and resistant pathogens via different mechanisms of action. In this review, we have summarized the main antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria and also discussed how phytochemicals belonging to different chemical classes could reverse the antibiotic resistance. Next to containing direct antimicrobial activities, some of them have exerted in vitro synergistic effects when being combined with conventional antibiotics. Considering these facts, it could be stated that phytochemicals represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds with potent antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Khameneh
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- 2Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,3Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- 3Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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34
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Feng C, Zhang F, Wang B, Gao J, Wang Y, Shao Y. Evaluation of kanamycin and neomycin resistance in Lactobacillus plantarum using experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Gabrielyan L, Hakobyan L, Hovhannisyan A, Trchounian A. Effects of iron oxide (Fe
3
O
4
) nanoparticles on
Escherichia coli
antibiotic‐resistant strains. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1108-1116. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Gabrielyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology Russian‐Armenian University Yerevan Armenia
| | - L. Hakobyan
- Research Institute of Biology Biology Faculty Yerevan State University Yerevan Armenia
| | - A. Hovhannisyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology Russian‐Armenian University Yerevan Armenia
| | - A. Trchounian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology Russian‐Armenian University Yerevan Armenia
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36
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Ramakrishnan B, Venkateswarlu K, Sethunathan N, Megharaj M. Local applications but global implications: Can pesticides drive microorganisms to develop antimicrobial resistance? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:177-189. [PMID: 30445319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are an important agricultural input, and the introduction of new active ingredients with increased efficiencies drives their higher production and consumption worldwide. Inappropriate application and storage of these chemicals often contaminate plant tissues, air, water, or soil environments. The presence of pesticides can lead to developing tolerance, resistance or persistence and even the capabilities to degrade them by the microbiomes of theses environments. The pesticide-degrading microorganisms gain and employ several mechanisms for attraction (chemotaxis), membrane transport systems, efflux pumps, enzymes and genetical make-up with plasmid and chromosome encoded catabolic genes for degradation. Even the evolution and the mechanisms of inheritance for pesticide-degradation as a functional trait in several microorganisms are beginning to be understood. Because of the commonalities in the microbial responses of sensing and uptake, and adaptation due to the selection pressures of pesticides and antimicrobial substances including antibiotics, the pesticide-degraders have higher chances of possessing antimicrobial resistance as a surplus functional trait. This review critically examines the probabilities of pesticide contamination of soil and foliage, the knowledge gaps in the regulation and storage of pesticide chemicals, and the human implications of pesticide-degrading microorganisms with antimicrobial resistance in the global strategy of 'One Health'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, India
| | - Nambrattil Sethunathan
- Flat No. 103, Ushodaya Apartments, Sri Venkateswara Officers Colony, Ramakrishnapuram, Secunderabad 500056, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER) and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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37
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Hamiwe T, Kock MM, Magwira CA, Antiabong JF, Ehlers MM. Occurrence of enterococci harbouring clinically important antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment in Gauteng, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:1041-1049. [PMID: 30682738 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance and dissemination of its determinants is an emerging public health problem as it compromises treatment options of infections that were, until recently, treatable. Investigation of outbreaks of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) suggests that the environment serves as a significant reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is a paucity of data regarding the presence of ARGs in the water sources in South Africa. In this study, water samples collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), surface water and hospital sewage were screened for enterococci harbouring genes conferring resistance to four classes of antibiotics. Enterococci isolates harbouring ARGs were detected in raw influent and treated wastewater discharge from WWTPs and hospital sewage water. Plasmid and transposon encoded ermB (macrolide), tetM and tetL (tetracycline) as well as aph(3')-IIIa (aminoglycosides) genes were frequently detected among the isolates, especially in E. faecalis. The presence of enterococci harbouring ARGs in the treated wastewater suggest that ARGs are discharged into the environment where their proliferation could be perpetuated. Among the enterococci clonal complexes (CCs) recovered from wastewater were E. faecium CC17 (ST18), which is frequently associated with hospital outbreaks and a novel E. faecalis sequence type (ST), ST780.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabo Hamiwe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marleen M Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Cliff A Magwira
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - John F Antiabong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.
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38
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Genetic Determinants and Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes in Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010053. [PMID: 30621024 PMCID: PMC6351930 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection and determination of its antibiotic susceptibility still mainly rely on culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) that is time-consuming and laborious. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has recently emerged in medical microbiology as a diagnostic tool for reliable drug resistance prediction in bacterial pathogens. The aim of this study was to compare phenotypic DST results with the predictions based on the presence of genetic determinants identified in the H. pylori genome using WGS. Phenotypic resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and rifampicin was determined in 140 clinical H. pylori isolates by E-Test®, and the occurrence of certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in target genes was determined by WGS. Overall, there was a high congruence of >99% between phenotypic DST results for clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and rifampicin and SNPs identified in the 23S rRNA, gyrA, and rpoB gene. However, it was not possible to infer a resistance phenotype for metronidazole based on the occurrence of distinct SNPs in frxA and rdxA. All 140 H. pylori isolates analysed in this study were susceptible to tetracycline, which was in accordance with the absence of double or triple nucleotide substitutions in the 16S rRNA gene.
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39
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Patel MB, Garrad E, Meisel JW, Negin S, Gokel MR, Gokel GW. Synthetic ionophores as non-resistant antibiotic adjuvants. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2217-2230. [PMID: 35516101 PMCID: PMC9059958 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a world-wide health care crisis. New antimicrobials must both exhibit potency and thwart the ability of bacteria to develop resistance to them. We report the use of synthetic ionophores as a new approach to developing non-resistant antimicrobials and adjuvants. Most studies involving amphiphilic antimicrobials have focused on either developing synthetic amphiphiles that show ion transport, or developing non-cytotoxic analogs of such peptidic amphiphiles as colistin. We have rationally designed, prepared, and evaluated crown ether-based synthetic ionophores (‘hydraphiles’) that show selective ion transport through bilayer membranes and are toxic to bacteria. We report here that hydraphiles exhibit a broad range of antimicrobial properties and that they function as adjuvants in concert with FDA-approved antibiotics against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Studies described herein demonstrate that benzyl C14 hydraphile (BC14H) shows high efficacy as an antimicrobial. BC14H, at sub-MIC concentrations, forms aggregates of ∼200 nm that interact with the surface of bacteria. Surface-active BC14H then localizes in the bacterial membranes, which increases their permeability. As a result, antibiotic influx into the bacterial cytosol increases in the presence of BCnHs. Efflux pump inhibition and accumulation of substrate was also observed, likely due to disruption of the cation gradient. As a result, BC14H recovers the activity of norfloxacin by 128-fold against resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BC14H shows extremely low resistance development and is less cytotoxic than colistin. Overall, synthetic ionophores represent a new scaffold for developing efficient and non-resistant antimicrobial-adjuvants. Antimicrobial resistance is a world-wide health care crisis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit B. Patel
- Department of Biology
- University of Missouri – St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Evan Garrad
- Department of Biology
- University of Missouri – St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Joseph W. Meisel
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry University of Missouri – St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Saeedeh Negin
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry University of Missouri – St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Michael R. Gokel
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry University of Missouri – St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - George W. Gokel
- Department of Biology
- University of Missouri – St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
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Resistance profile of clinically relevant bacterial isolates against fluoroquinolone in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:86. [PMID: 30541613 PMCID: PMC6292079 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoroquinolones are among the most frequently utilized antibacterial agents in developing countries like Ethiopia. Ciprofloxacin has become the most prescribed drug within this class and remains as one of the top three antibacterial agents prescribed in Ethiopia. However, several studies indicated that there is a gradual increase of antibacterial resistance. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively estimate the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance bacterial isolates in Ethiopia. Methods Literature search was conducted from electronic databases and indexing services including EMBASE (Ovid interface), PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct and WorldCat. Data were extracted with structured format prepared in Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA 15.0 software for the analyses. Pooled estimation of outcomes was performed with DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model at 95% confidence level. Degree of heterogeneity of studies was presented with I2 statistics. Publication bias was conducted with comprehensive meta-analysis version 3 software and presented with funnel plots of standard error supplemented by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. The study protocol has been registered on PROSPERO with reference number ID: CRD42018097047. Results A total of 37 studies were included for this study. The pooled prevalence of resistance in selected gram-positive bacterial isolates against ciprofloxacin was found to be 19.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.0, 23.0). The degree of resistance among Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphyloccoci (CoNS), Enterococcus faecalis and Group B Streptococci (GBS) was found to be 18.6, 21.6, 23.9, and 7.40%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of resistance in gram-negative bacteria was about 21.0% (95% CI: 17, 25). Higher estimates were observed in Neisseria gonorrhea (48.1%), Escherichia coli (24.3%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (23.2%). Subgroup analysis indicated that blood and urine were found to be a major source of resistant S. aureus isolates. Urine was also a major source of resistant strains for CoNS, Klebsiella and Proteus species. Conclusion Among gram-positive bacteria, high prevalence of resistance was observed in E. faecalis and CoNS whereas relatively low estimate of resistance was observed among GBS isolates. Within gram-negative bacteria, nearly half of isolates in N. gonorrhoea were found ciprofloxacin resistant. From enterobacteriaceae isolates, K. pneumonia and E. coli showed higher estimates of ciprofloxacin resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40360-018-0274-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Cruz-Loya M, Kang TM, Lozano NA, Watanabe R, Tekin E, Damoiseaux R, Savage VM, Yeh PJ. Stressor interaction networks suggest antibiotic resistance co-opted from stress responses to temperature. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 13:12-23. [PMID: 30171253 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors like temperature, pressure, and pH partly shaped the evolution of life. As life progressed, new stressors (e.g., poisons and antibiotics) arose as part of an arms race among organisms. Here we ask if cells co-opted existing mechanisms to respond to new stressors, or whether new responses evolved de novo. We use a network-clustering approach based purely on phenotypic growth measurements and interactions among the effects of stressors on population growth. We apply this method to two types of stressors-temperature and antibiotics-to discover the extent to which their cellular responses overlap in Escherichia coli. Our clustering reveals that responses to low and high temperatures are clearly separated, and each is grouped with responses to antibiotics that have similar effects to cold or heat, respectively. As further support, we use a library of transcriptional fluorescent reporters to confirm heat-shock and cold-shock genes are induced by antibiotics. We also show strains evolved at high temperatures are more sensitive to antibiotics that mimic the effects of cold. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that temperature stress responses have been co-opted to deal with antibiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cruz-Loya
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tina Manzhu Kang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Natalie Ann Lozano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rina Watanabe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elif Tekin
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Van M Savage
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Pamela J Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
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Li W, Ali F, Cai Q, Yao Z, Sun L, Lin W, Lin X. Reprint of: Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that chemotaxis is involved in chlortetracycline resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila. J Proteomics 2018; 180:138-146. [PMID: 29604439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Aeromonas hydrophila, which has been classified as a food borne pathogen, has presented with increased levels of antibiotic resistance, with the mechanisms of this resistance being poorly understood. In this study, iTRAQ coupled mass spectrometry was employed to compare differentially expressed proteins in chlortetracycline (CTC) resistant A. hydrophila relative to a control strain. Result showed that a total of 234 differential proteins including 151 down-regulated and 83 up-regulated were identified in chlortetracycline resistance strain. Bioinformatics analysis showed that chemotaxis related proteins, such as CheA-2, CheR-3, CheW-2, EnvZ, PolA, FliS and FliG were down-regulated in addition to previously reported tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) related proteins also being down-regulated. A subset of identified differentially expressed proteins was then further validated via Western blotting. Exogenous metabolite combined with CTC further enhanced the bacterial susceptibilities to CTC in A. hydrophila. Furthermore, a bacterial survival capability assay showed that several chemotaxis related mutants, such as ΔcheR-3 and ΔAHA_0305, may affect the antimicrobial susceptibility of A. hydrophila. Overall, these findings contribute to a further understanding of the mechanism of CTC resistance in A. hydrophila and may contribute to the development of more effective future treatments. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE A. hydrophila is a well-known fish pathogenic bacterium and has presented with increasing levels of antibiotic resistance, with the mechanisms of this resistance being poorly understood. Our current study compared the differentially expression proteins between chlortetracycline (CTC) resistant and control stains via an iTARQ-based quantitative proteomics method. Chemotaxis related proteins were down-regulated in CTC resistant strain but exogenous metabolite addition increased bacterial susceptibility in A.hydrophila. Significantly, chemotaxis related genes depletion affected antimicrobial susceptibilities of A.hydrophila indicating the role of chemotaxis process in antibiotics resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China
| | - Farman Ali
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China
| | - Qilan Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China
| | - Zujie Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China
| | - Lina Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 35002, PR China.
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43
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Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that chemotaxis is involved in chlortetracycline resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila. J Proteomics 2018; 172:143-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lekshmi M, Ammini P, Adjei J, Sanford LM, Shrestha U, Kumar S, Varela MF. Modulation of antimicrobial efflux pumps of the major facilitator superfamily in Staphylococcus aureus. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:1-18. [PMID: 31294201 PMCID: PMC6605029 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of the microorganism Staphylococcus aureus which are resistant to antimicrobial agents exist as causative agents of serious infectious disease and constitute a considerable public health concern. One of the main antimicrobial resistance mechanisms harbored by S. aureus pathogens is exemplified by integral membrane transport systems that actively remove antimicrobial agents from bacteria where the cytoplasmic drug targets reside, thus allowing the bacteria to survive and grow. An important class of solute transporter proteins, called the major facilitator superfamily, includes related and homologous passive and secondary active transport systems, many of which are antimicrobial efflux pumps. Transporters of the major facilitator superfamily, which confer antimicrobial efflux and bacterial resistance in S. aureus, are good targets for development of resistance-modifying agents, such as efflux pump inhibition. Such modulatory action upon these antimicrobial efflux systems of the major facilitator superfamily in S. aureus may circumvent resistance and restore the clinical efficacy of therapy towards S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Lekshmi
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Parvathi Ammini
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Regional Centre, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Jones Adjei
- Eastern New Mexico, Department of Biology, Station 33, 1500 South Avenue K, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Leslie M Sanford
- Eastern New Mexico, Department of Biology, Station 33, 1500 South Avenue K, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Ugina Shrestha
- Eastern New Mexico, Department of Biology, Station 33, 1500 South Avenue K, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Sanath Kumar
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Manuel F Varela
- Eastern New Mexico, Department of Biology, Station 33, 1500 South Avenue K, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
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45
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Biophysical characterization of E. coli TolC interaction with the known blocker hexaamminecobalt. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2702-2709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Baseer S, Ahmad S, Ranaghan KE, Azam SS. Towards a peptide-based vaccine against Shigella sonnei : A subtractive reverse vaccinology based approach. Biologicals 2017; 50:87-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Cardoso MH, de Almeida KC, Cândido EDS, Murad AM, Dias SC, Franco OL. Comparative NanoUPLC-MS E analysis between magainin I-susceptible and -resistant Escherichia coli strains. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646205 PMCID: PMC5482854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been prospected and designed as new alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Indeed, AMPs have presented great potential toward pathogenic bacterial strains by means of complex mechanisms of action. However, reports have increasingly emerged regarding the mechanisms by which bacteria resist AMP administration. In this context, we performed a comparative proteomic study by using the total bacterial lysate of magainin I-susceptible and –resistant E. coli strains. After nanoUPLC-MSE analyses we identified 742 proteins distributed among the experimental groups, and 25 proteins were differentially expressed in the resistant strains. Among them 10 proteins involved in bacterial resistance, homeostasis, nutrition and protein transport were upregulated, while 15 proteins related to bacterial surface modifications, genetic information and β-lactams binding-protein were downregulated. Moreover, 60 exclusive proteins were identified in the resistant strains, among which biofilm and cell wall formation and multidrug efflux pump proteins could be observed. Thus, differentially from previous studies that could only associate single proteins to AMP bacterial resistance, data here reported show that several metabolic pathways may be related to E. coli resistance to AMPs, revealing the crucial role of multiple “omics” studies in order to elucidate the global molecular mechanisms involved in this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon H Cardoso
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70.790-160, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70.910-900, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande-MS, 79.117-900, Brazil
| | - Keyla C de Almeida
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70.790-160, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Elizabete de S Cândido
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70.790-160, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande-MS, 79.117-900, Brazil
| | - André M Murad
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Biologia Sintética, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília-DF, 70.770-917, Brazil
| | - Simoni C Dias
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70.790-160, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70.790-160, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70.910-900, Brazil. .,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande-MS, 79.117-900, Brazil.
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Singh S, Singh SK, Chowdhury I, Singh R. Understanding the Mechanism of Bacterial Biofilms Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:53-62. [PMID: 28553416 PMCID: PMC5427689 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A biofilm is a group of microorganisms, that causes health problems for the patients with indwelling medical devices via attachment of cells to the surface matrix. It increases the resistance of a microorganism for antimicrobial agents and developed the human infection. Current strategies are removed or prevent the microbial colonies from the medical devices, which are attached to the surfaces. This will improve the clinical outcomes in favor of the patients suffering from serious infectious diseases. Moreover, the identification and inhibition of genes, which have the major role in biofilm formation, could be the effective approach for health care systems. In a current review article, we are highlighting the biofilm matrix and molecular mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriti Singh
- Department of Kriya Sharir, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005 UP India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Indrajit Chowdhury
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Lekshmi M, Ammini P, Kumar S, Varela MF. The Food Production Environment and the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Pathogens of Animal Origin. Microorganisms 2017; 5:E11. [PMID: 28335438 PMCID: PMC5374388 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-borne pathogens are a serious human health concern worldwide, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant food pathogens has further confounded this problem. Once-highly-efficacious antibiotics are gradually becoming ineffective against many important pathogens, resulting in severe treatment crises. Among several reasons for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, their overuse in animal food production systems for purposes other than treatment of infections is prominent. Many pathogens of animals are zoonotic, and therefore any development of resistance in pathogens associated with food animals can spread to humans through the food chain. Human infections by antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are increasing. Considering the human health risk due to emerging antibiotic resistance in food animal-associated bacteria, many countries have banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the application in animals of antibiotics critically important in human medicine. Concerted global efforts are necessary to minimize the use of antimicrobials in food animals in order to control the development of antibiotic resistance in these systems and their spread to humans via food and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Lekshmi
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Parvathi Ammini
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Regional Centre, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi 682018, India.
| | - Sanath Kumar
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Manuel F Varela
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
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50
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Antibiotic Bactericidal Activity Is Countered by Maintaining pH Homeostasis in Mycobacterium smegmatis. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00176-16. [PMID: 27579369 PMCID: PMC4999920 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00176-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics, mortality due to bacterial infection has decreased dramatically. However, infections from difficult to treat bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant pathogens have been on the rise. An understanding of the cascade of events that leads to cell death downstream of specific drug-target interactions is not well understood. We have discovered that killing by several classes of antibiotics was stopped by maintaining pH balance within the bacterial cell, consistent with a shared mechanism of antibiotic killing. Our findings suggest a mechanism of antibiotic killing that stems from the antibiotic’s ability to increase the pH within bacterial cells by disrupting proton entry without affecting proton pumping out of cells. Knowledge of the core mechanism necessary for antibiotic killing could have a significant impact on the development of new lethal antibiotics and for the treatment of recalcitrant and drug-resistant pathogens. Antibiotics target specific biosynthetic processes essential for bacterial growth. It is intriguing that several commonalities connect the bactericidal activity of seemingly disparate antibiotics, such as the numerous conditions that confer broad-spectrum antibiotic tolerance. Whether antibiotics kill in a manner unique to their specific targets or by a universal mechanism is a critical and contested subject. Herein, we demonstrate that the bactericidal activity of diverse antibiotics against Mycobacterium smegmatis and four evolutionarily divergent bacterial pathogens was blocked by conditions that worked to maintain intracellular pH homeostasis. Single-cell pH analysis demonstrated that antibiotics increased the cytosolic pH of M. smegmatis, while conditions that promoted proton entry into the cytosol prevented intracellular alkalization and antibiotic killing. These findings led to a hypothesis that posits antibiotic lethality occurs when antibiotics obstruct ATP-consuming biosynthetic processes while metabolically driven proton efflux is sustained despite the loss of proton influx via ATP synthase. Consequently, without a concomitant reduction in respiratory proton efflux, cell death occurs due to intracellular alkalization. Our findings indicate the effects of antibiotics on pH homeostasis should be considered a potential mechanism contributing to antibiotic lethality. IMPORTANCE Since the discovery of antibiotics, mortality due to bacterial infection has decreased dramatically. However, infections from difficult to treat bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant pathogens have been on the rise. An understanding of the cascade of events that leads to cell death downstream of specific drug-target interactions is not well understood. We have discovered that killing by several classes of antibiotics was stopped by maintaining pH balance within the bacterial cell, consistent with a shared mechanism of antibiotic killing. Our findings suggest a mechanism of antibiotic killing that stems from the antibiotic’s ability to increase the pH within bacterial cells by disrupting proton entry without affecting proton pumping out of cells. Knowledge of the core mechanism necessary for antibiotic killing could have a significant impact on the development of new lethal antibiotics and for the treatment of recalcitrant and drug-resistant pathogens.
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