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Zhang Z, Deng Z, Zhu L, Zeng J, Cai XM, Qiu Z, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission biomaterials for anti-pathogen medical applications: detecting, imaging and killing. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad044. [PMID: 37265605 PMCID: PMC10229374 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, greatly threaten the global public health. For pathogen infections, early diagnosis and precise treatment are essential to cut the mortality rate. The emergence of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) biomaterials provides an effective and promising tool for the theranostics of pathogen infections. In this review, the recent advances about AIE biomaterials for anti-pathogen theranostics are summarized. With the excellent sensitivity and photostability, AIE biomaterials have been widely applied for precise diagnosis of pathogens. Besides, different types of anti-pathogen methods based on AIE biomaterials will be presented in detail, including chemotherapy and phototherapy. Finally, the existing deficiencies and future development of AIE biomaterials for anti-pathogen applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zhang
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Ziwei Deng
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Lixun Zhu
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Jialin Zeng
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xu Min Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Rescources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (Z.Z.); (B.Z.T.)
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Gil J, Solis M, Higa A, Davis SC. Candida albicans Infections: a novel porcine wound model to evaluate treatment efficacy. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:45. [PMID: 35120444 PMCID: PMC8815218 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common cause of opportunistic mycoses worldwide and a major contributor in wound infections. The purpose of this study was to establish a fungal wound model and analyze the effects of a common antifungal agent against the proliferation of three C. albicans strains. Second degree burns were created, and then inoculated with one of three different C. albicans ATCC strains: 10261 reference strain, 64550 fluconazole resistant and 26310 fluconazole sensitive. After fungal inoculation, every wound was covered with dressings for 4 h to allow fungal colonization on every wound bed. After 4 h, the dressings were removed, and each wound was treated either once or twice daily with a topical terbinafine hydrochloride or left untreated. On days 2, 4 and 7 post inoculation, three wounds from each treatment group were scrub cultured and quantified. On day 2, wounds infected with the sensitive strains 26310 and 10261 and treated twice showed a significant reduction when compared against those infected wounds receiving once daily treatment. On day 4, wounds which were infected with C. albicans fluconazole sensitive (ATCC 26310) showed a significant reduction in fungal cell counts with treatment applied twice daily. A significant reduction in the colony counts was exhibited in all three strains at the seventh day with active as compared to the non-treated wounds. Twice daily treatment resulted in a lower fungal count than once daily treatment. Neither treatment was able to entirely eradicate C. albicans during the duration of this study. Establishing a reliable fungal wound model will help in the translational goal of identifying new antifungal that could be used clinically by wound care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gil
- Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Wound Healing Research Laboratory Miami, University of Miami, Miami, 33136, FL, United States.
| | - Michael Solis
- Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Wound Healing Research Laboratory Miami, University of Miami, Miami, 33136, FL, United States
| | - Alexander Higa
- Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Wound Healing Research Laboratory Miami, University of Miami, Miami, 33136, FL, United States
| | - Stephen C Davis
- Miller School of Medicine, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Wound Healing Research Laboratory Miami, University of Miami, Miami, 33136, FL, United States
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Photosensitizers with Aggregation-induced Emission and Their Biomedical Applications. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Jakab Á, Emri T, Sipos L, Kiss Á, Kovács R, Dombrádi V, Kemény-Beke Á, Balla J, Majoros L, Pócsi I. Betamethasone augments the antifungal effect of menadione--towards a novel anti-Candida albicans combination therapy. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:973-81. [PMID: 25707543 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The fluorinated glucocorticoid betamethasone stimulated both the extracellular phospholipase production and hypha formation of the opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans and also decreased the efficiency of the polyene antimycotics amphotericin B and nystatin against C. albicans in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, betamethasone increased synergistically the anti-Candida activity of the oxidative stress generating agent menadione, which may be exploited in future combination therapies to prevent or cure C. albicans infections, in the field of dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Jakab
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lilla Sipos
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kiss
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktor Dombrádi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Kemény-Beke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Majoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Pont NP, Kendall CA, Magan N. Analysis of Volatile Fingerprints for Monitoring Anti-Fungal Efficacy Against the Primary and Opportunistic Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Mycopathologia 2011; 173:93-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cerikcioglu N, Hasdemir UO, San T, Salik E, Soyletir G. Simple and reliable detection of slime production of Candida spp. directly from blood culture bottles: comparison of visual tube method and transmission electron microscopy. Mycopathologia 2005; 158:279-84. [PMID: 15645168 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-004-0927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of slime production may be useful for clinical decision because of its suggestive property for potential pathogenic capacity of a Candida strain especially in patients with a prosthetic device. In this study we aimed to compare the visual tube method (VTM) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to confirm the reliability of the former method. In order to demonstrate the reproducibility of the tube method and to determine the correct timing for the test, Candida isolates directly obtained from blood culture (DBC) bottles and their two subsequent subcultures were used. The results of this study showed that VTM is a simple and reliable method which can be used in every clinical mycology laboratory, provided that the test is applied on DBC isolates; as the ability of slime production is decreased or lost even after the first subculturing. We suggest that this simple method can be used and may have some contributions to the ongoing studies on the controversial issue concerning removal of biomaterials in candidemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Cerikcioglu
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Marmara University, 34668 Haydarpasa Campus, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Moosa MYS, Sobel JD, Elhalis H, Du W, Akins RA. Fungicidal activity of fluconazole against Candida albicans in a synthetic vagina-simulative medium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:161-7. [PMID: 14693534 PMCID: PMC310176 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.1.161-167.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole (FLZ) has emerged as a highly successful agent in the management of systemic infections of Candida. Cure rates for symptomatic candidiasis following single 150-mg FLZ dose therapy exceed 90%. In vitro, however, FLZ is fungistatic only in a narrow pH range and is not effective at vaginal pH, 4.2. This study evaluated the effect of FLZ on Candida albicans under in vitro conditions resembling the vaginal microenvironment, using vagina-simulative medium (VS). We found that FLZ was fungicidal for C. albicans in VS, but not in other media at the same pH, 4.2. In VS, FLZ was fungicidal at concentrations of >/=8 micro g/ml and reduced viability by greater than 99.9%. Analysis of the components of VS indicated that 17 mM acetic acid, a concentration achieved in the vagina, was responsible for the synergistic, fungicidal effect. This effect was not seen at neutral pH. Other substrates were not effective substitutes for acetic acid; however, short-chained carboxylic acids, glyoxylate and malonate, were effective. Most strains of C. albicans that were resistant to FLZ under standard conditions were killed by FLZ plus acetate. Other species of Candida were also killed, except C. krusei and C. glabrata. This study shows that FLZ has fungicidal activity for Candida species under in vitro conditions that mimic the vaginal microenvironment. This raises the possibility that FLZ may also have fungicidal effects during treatment of vaginal candidiasis. Elucidating the mechanism by which FLZ and acetate interact may disclose vulnerable pathways that could be exploited in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Abstract
This article reviews current literature regarding antifungal drugs available for veterinary and human use and those that are in clinical trials. Drugs include the polyenes, amphotericin B and nystatin; flucytosine; and the first generation triazoles. Antifungal agents generally not used in avian medicine or which are being analyzed in clinical trials in people include lipid formulations of amphotericin B and nystatin, voriconazole, echinocandins, and the allylamines. Information about the pharmacology of the triazoles in people is contrasted with known information for these drugs in birds. Extrapolation of efficacy to avian species also is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Orosz
- AniMed Research Consulting LLC, 7830 Brown Road, Curtice, OH 43412, USA.
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Groll AH, Gea-Banacloche JC, Glasmacher A, Just-Nuebling G, Maschmeyer G, Walsh TJ. Clinical pharmacology of antifungal compounds. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2003; 17:159-91, ix. [PMID: 12751265 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5520(02)00068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prompted by the worldwide surge in fungal infections, the past decade has witnessed a considerable expansion in antifungal drug research. New compounds have entered the clinical arena, and major progress has been made in defining paradigms of antifungal therapies. This article provides an up-to-date review on the clinical pharmacology, indications, and dosage recommendations of approved and currently investigational therapeutics for treatment of invasive fungal infections in adult and pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Wilhelms-University Medical Center, Domagkstrasse 9a, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Sohnle PG, Hahn BL. Effect of prolonged fluconazole treatment on Candida albicans in diffusion chambers implanted into mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3175-9. [PMID: 12234841 PMCID: PMC128792 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.10.3175-3179.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole is an azole agent with primarily fungistatic activity in standard in vitro susceptibility tests. The present study was undertaken to develop a diffusion chamber model system in mice in order to study the in vivo effects of prolonged fluconazole treatment on Candida albicans. Chambers containing 100 C. albicans yeast cells were implanted subcutaneously on the flanks of C57BL/6 mice and were then retrieved 6 or 14 weeks later (after fluconazole treatment for 4 or 12 weeks, respectively). Leukocyte counts demonstrated that implantation of the chambers did elicit an inflammatory response but that only small numbers of inflammatory cells were able to enter the chamber interior. Treatment with fluconazole at 10 mg/kg of body weight/day for 12 weeks not only reduced the numbers of viable organisms within the chambers compared to those in untreated mice (mean +/- standard deviation of log(10) CFU of 0.7 +/- 1.2 versus 2.3 +/- 2.0; P < 0.001 by the Bonferroni test) but also increased the numbers of chambers that became sterile over the treatment period (14 of 16 versus 6 of 19; P = 0.0009 by the chi-square test). However, treatment for only 4 weeks had minimal effects on the numbers of chamber CFU, and none of the chambers became sterile during this period. Distribution of retrieved organisms between interior fluid and the chamber filters was approximately equal in all the treatment groups. This model system appears to be useful for evaluating the effects of antifungal drugs over prolonged periods in vivo. Its use in the present study demonstrates that fluconazole can increase the rate of sterilization of C. albicans foci that are protected from the host's inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Sohnle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
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Groll AH, Piscitelli SC, Walsh TJ. Antifungal pharmacodynamics: concentration-effect relationships in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacotherapy 2001; 21:133S-148S. [PMID: 11501987 DOI: 10.1592/phco.21.12.133s.34507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacodynamics of antifungal compounds involve relationships among drug concentrations, time, and antimicrobial effects in vitro and in vivo. Beyond better understanding of a drug's mode of action, characterization of these relationships has important implications for setting susceptibility breakpoints, establishing rational dosing regimens, and facilitating drug development. Important advances have been made in the experimental investigation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antifungal drugs; however, much remains to be learned about specific pathogens and specific sites of infection. Increased incorporation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in experimental and clinical studies with antifungal agents is an important objective that will benefit the treatment and prophylaxis of life-threatening invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Groll
- Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Sohnle P, Hahn B, Fassel T, Kushnaryov V. Analysis of fluconazole effect onCandida albicansviability during extended incubations. Med Mycol 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/02681219880000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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