1
|
Sousa F, Nascimento C, Ferreira D, Reis S, Costa P. Reviving the interest in the versatile drug nystatin: A multitude of strategies to increase its potential as an effective and safe antifungal agent. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114969. [PMID: 37348678 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Nystatin is an antifungal molecule with a remarkable yet squandered versatility. In this review, its mechanism of action is explored, along with its extensive action spectrum and toxicity. A multitude of methodologies to tackle the drug's physical and chemical hurdles are outlined along with some proven-effective strategies to increase its activity and/or decrease its toxicity. A separate detailed section focused on micro and nanotechnology solutions addresses new drug delivery systems made of polymeric, metallic or lipid materials. Although the topical route depicts greater representativeness amongst these formulations, the intravenous, dental, oral, vaginal and inhalation routes are also mentioned. The unsuccessful previous attempts at developing parenteral formulations of nystatin or even the withdrawal of a nystatin-loaded multilamellar liposome should not divert research away from this drug. In fact, the interest in nystatin ought to be reawakened with the ongoing clinical trials on the promising nystatin-like genetically engineered derivate BSG005.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Sousa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cecília Nascimento
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Domingos Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang X, Han W, Liu J, Mao J, Lee MJ, Rodriguez M, Li Y, Luo T, Xu Z, Yang K, Bissonnette M, Weichselbaum RR, Lin W. Tumor-Activatable Nanoparticles Target Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor to Enhance Drug Delivery and Antitumor Efficacy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201614. [PMID: 35748191 PMCID: PMC9404402 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The binding of plasma proteins to nanomedicines is widely considered detrimental to their delivery to tumors. Here, the design of OxPt/SN38 nanoparticle containing a hydrophilic oxaliplatin (OxPt) prodrug in a coordination polymer core and a hydrophobic cholesterol-conjugated SN38 prodrug on the lipid shell for active tumor targeting is reported. OxPt/SN38 hitchhikes on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, concentrates in tumors via LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis, and selectively releases SN38 and OxPt in acidic, esterase-rich, and reducing tumor microenvironments, leading to 6.0- and 4.9-times higher accumulations in tumors over free drugs. By simultaneously crosslinking DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase I, OxPt/SN38 achieved 92-98% tumor growth inhibition in five colorectal cancer tumor models and prolonged mouse survival by 58-80 days compared to free drug controls in three human colorectal cancer tumor models without causing serious side effects. The study has uncovered a novel nanomedicine strategy to co-deliver combination chemotherapies to tumors via active targeting of the LDL receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Wenbo Han
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Jianqiao Liu
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Jianming Mao
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Morten J. Lee
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Megan Rodriguez
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Taokun Luo
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Ziwan Xu
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Kaiting Yang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis ResearchThe University of Chicago5758S Maryland AveChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of MedicineDivision of Biological SciencesThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Ralph R. Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis ResearchThe University of Chicago5758S Maryland AveChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis ResearchThe University of Chicago5758S Maryland AveChicagoIL60637USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hady MA, Darwish AB, Abdel-Aziz MS, Sayed OM. Design of transfersomal nanocarriers of nystatin for combating vulvovaginal candidiasis; A different prospective. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112304. [PMID: 34959094 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate Nystatin (NYS) loaded transfersomes to achieve better treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Nystatin transferosomes were formulated utilizing thin film hydration method. A 32 full factorial design was employed to evaluate the effect of different formulation variables. Two independent variables were chosen; the ratio between lecithin surfactant (X1) was set at three levels (10-40), and the type of surfactants (X2) was set at three levels (Span 60, Span 85 and Pluronic F-127). The dependent responses were; entrapment efficiency (Y1: EE %), vesicles size (Y2: VS) and release rate (Y3: RR). Design Expert® software was utilized to statistically optimize formulation variables. The vesicles revealed high NYS encapsulation efficiency ranging from 97.35 ± 0.03 to 98.01 ± 0.20% whereas vesicle size ranged from 194.8 ± 20.42 to 400.8 ± 42.09 nm. High negative zeta potential values indicated good stability of the prepared formulations. NYS release from transfersomes was biphasic and the release pattern followed Higuchi's model. The optimized formulation (F7) exhibited spherical morphology under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In-vitro and in-vivo antifungal efficiency studies revealed that the optimized formula F7 exhibited significant eradication of candida infestation in comparison to free NYS. The results revealed that the developed NYS transfersomes could be a promising drug delivery system to enhance antifungal efficacy of NYS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Abdel Hady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre, El Bohouth Street, Cairo12622, Egypt
| | - Asmaa B Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre, El Bohouth Street, Cairo12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Bohouth Street, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ossama M Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Kantara Branch, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coppens E, Desmaële D, Naret T, Garcia-Argote S, Feuillastre S, Pieters G, Cailleau C, Paul JL, Prost B, Solgadi A, Michel JP, Noiray M, Couvreur P, Mura S. Gemcitabine lipid prodrug nanoparticles: Switching the lipid moiety and changing the fate in the bloodstream. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121076. [PMID: 34481886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple approach to achieve a lipoprotein (LP)-mediated drug delivery is to trigger the spontaneous drug insertion into endogenous lipoproteins in the bloodstream, by means of its chemical modification. Nanoparticles (NPs) made of the squalene-gemcitabine (SQGem) conjugate were found to have a high affinity for plasma lipoproteins while free gemcitabine did not, suggesting a key role of the lipid moiety in this event. Whether the drug conjugation to cholesterol, one of the major lipoprotein-transported lipids, could also promote an analogous interaction was a matter of question. NPs made of the cholesterol-gemcitabine conjugate (CholGem) have been herein thoroughly investigated for their blood distribution profile both in vitro and in vivo. Unexpectedly, contrarily to SQGem, no trace of the CholGem prodrug could be found in the lipoprotein fractions, nor was it interacting with albumin. The investigation of isolated NPs and NPs/LPs physical mixtures provided a further insight into the lack of interaction of CholGem NPs with LPs. Although essential for allowing the self-assembly of the prodrug into nanoparticles, the lipid moiety may not be sufficient to elicit interaction of the conjugated drug with plasma lipoproteins but the whole NP physicochemical features must be carefully considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Coppens
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Didier Desmaële
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Timothée Naret
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Bat 547, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Garcia-Argote
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Bat 547, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Feuillastre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Bat 547, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Bat 547, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Cailleau
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, 75015 Paris, France; Lip(Sys)(2), Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Bastien Prost
- SAMM, UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- SAMM, UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Michel
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Magali Noiray
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Simona Mura
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sobot D, Mura S, Yesylevskyy SO, Dalbin L, Cayre F, Bort G, Mougin J, Desmaële D, Lepetre-Mouelhi S, Pieters G, Andreiuk B, Klymchenko AS, Paul JL, Ramseyer C, Couvreur P. Conjugation of squalene to gemcitabine as unique approach exploiting endogenous lipoproteins for drug delivery. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15678. [PMID: 28555624 PMCID: PMC5459998 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Once introduced in the organism, the interaction of nanoparticles with various biomolecules strongly impacts their fate. Here we show that nanoparticles made of the squalene derivative of gemcitabine (SQGem) interact with lipoproteins (LPs), indirectly enabling the targeting of cancer cells with high LP receptors expression. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal preeminent affinity of the squalene-gemcitabine bioconjugates towards LP particles with the highest cholesterol content and in silico simulations further display their incorporation into the hydrophobic core of LPs. To the best of our knowledge, the use of squalene to induce drug insertion into LPs for indirect cancer cell targeting is a novel concept in drug delivery. Interestingly, not only SQGem but also other squalene derivatives interact similarly with lipoproteins while such interaction is not observed with liposomes. The conjugation to squalene represents a versatile platform that would enable efficient drug delivery by simply exploiting endogenous lipoproteins. The interaction of nanoparticles with a range of biomolecules once they have been injected within the body can affect their performance. Here, the authors demonstrate that squalene nanomaterials conjugated with anticancer drugs can interact with lipoproteins and can be used to target cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Sobot
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Simona Mura
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Semen O Yesylevskyy
- Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Laura Dalbin
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Fanny Cayre
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Bort
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Julie Mougin
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Didier Desmaële
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Sinda Lepetre-Mouelhi
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- CEA Saclay, iBiTecS-S/SCBM, Labex LERMIT, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, University of Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, University of Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, 75015 Paris, France.,Lip(Sys)2, Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christophe Ramseyer
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kieltyka K, McAuliffe B, Cianci C, Drexler DM, Shou W, Zhang J. Application of Cassette Ultracentrifugation Using Non-labeled Compounds and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis for High-Throughput Protein Binding Determination. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1036-42. [PMID: 26886323 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3549(15)00177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-based devices typically used for serum protein binding determination are not fully applicable to highly lipophilic compounds because of nonspecific binding to the device membrane. Ultracentrifugation, however, completely eliminates the issue by using a membrane-free approach, although its wide application has been limited. This lack of utilization is mainly attributed to 2 factors: the high cost in acquiring and handling of radiolabeled compounds and low assay throughput owing to the difficulties in process automation. To overcome these challenges, we report a high-throughput workflow by cassette ultracentrifugation of nonradiolabeled compounds followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Twenty compounds with diverse physicochemical and protein binding properties were selected for the evaluation of the workflow. To streamline the working process, approaches of matrix balancing for all the samples for LC-MS/MS analysis and determining free fraction without analytical calibration curves were adopted. Both the discrete ultracentrifugation of individual compounds and cassette ultracentrifugation of all the test compounds followed by simultaneous LC-MS/MS analysis exhibited a linear correlation with literature values, demonstrating respectively the validity of the ultracentrifugation process and the cassette approach. The cassette ultracentrifugation using nonradiolabeled compounds followed by LC-MS/MS analysis has greatly facilitated its application for high-throughput protein binding screening in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Kieltyka
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Brian McAuliffe
- Discovery Infectious Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Christopher Cianci
- Discovery Infectious Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Dieter M Drexler
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Wilson Shou
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Jun Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheah SE, Wang J, Nguyen VTT, Turnidge JD, Li J, Nation RL. New pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies of systemically administered colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in mouse thigh and lung infection models: smaller response in lung infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:3291-7. [PMID: 26318190 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the exposure-response relationships between unbound colistin in plasma and antibacterial activity in mouse thigh and lung infections. METHODS Dose fractionation studies (subcutaneous colistin sulphate at 1.25-160 mg/kg/day) were conducted in neutropenic mice in which infection (three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and three strains of Acinetobacter baumannii) had been produced by intramuscular thigh injection or aerosol lung delivery. Bacterial burden was measured at 24 h after initiation of colistin treatment. Plasma protein binding was measured by rapid equilibrium dialysis and ultracentrifugation. The inhibitory sigmoid dose-effect model and non-linear least squares regression were employed to determine the relationship between exposure to unbound colistin and efficacy. RESULTS Plasma binding of colistin was constant over the concentration range ∼2-50 mg/L. The average ± SD percentage bound for all concentrations was 92.9 ± 3.3% by ultracentrifugation and 90.4 ± 1.1% by equilibrium dialysis. In the thigh model, across all six strains the antibacterial effect of colistin was well correlated with fAUC/MIC (R(2) = 0.82-0.94 for P. aeruginosa and R(2) = 0.84-0.95 for A. baumannii). Target values of fAUC/MIC for 2 log10 kill were 7.4-13.7 for P. aeruginosa and 7.4-17.6 for A. baumannii. In the lung model, for only two strains of P. aeruginosa and one strain of A. baumannii was it possible to achieve 2 log10 kill (fAUC/MIC target values 36.8-105), even at the highest colistin dose tolerated by mice. This dose was not able to achieve bacteriostasis for the other two strains of A. baumannii. CONCLUSIONS Colistin was substantially less effective in lung infection. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target values will assist in the design of optimized dosage regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ee Cheah
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jiping Wang
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Van Thi Thu Nguyen
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - John D Turnidge
- Departments of Pathology and Paediatrics and School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Roger L Nation
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saatchi K, Gelder N, Gershkovich P, Sivak O, Wasan KM, Kainthan RK, Brooks DE, Häfeli UO. Long-circulating non-toxic blood pool imaging agent based on hyperbranched polyglycerols. Int J Pharm 2011; 422:418-27. [PMID: 22044540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, in vivo or in vitro(99m)Tc-radiolabelled red blood cells are the standard blood pool imaging agents. Due to risks associated with handling of blood and the problems with the current (99m)Tc shortage, we were interested in a long-circulating biocompatible synthetic macromolecule that would be simple to prepare and could also be used for PET imaging. METHODS A high molecular weight hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) of 500 kDa was derivatized to coordinate radioactive gallium and to establish its labelling efficiency, stability and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS The resulting radiopharmaceutical in kit form was labelled rapidly within a couple of minutes at room temperature, was stable in transferrin and EDTA challenge tests, and was non-toxic in both cell viability and different hemocompatibility assays. A pharmacokinetic biodistribution study showed that the (67)Ga-HPGN was confined to the blood compartment with a biological half life of 50.7h. CONCLUSION (67)Ga-HPGN is thus a simple to prepare blood pool imaging agent for applications where a long biological half-life is essential, i.e., the diagnosis of internal bleeding. Since radiolabelling of the same kit with (68)Ga was also confirmed, we plan to evaluate it shortly as a PET blood pool imaging agent for cardiac applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
El-Ridy MS, Abdelbary A, Essam T, Abd EL-Salam RM, Aly Kassem AA. Niosomes as a potential drug delivery system for increasing the efficacy and safety of nystatin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:1491-508. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.587431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
10
|
LITERATURE ALERTS. J Microencapsul 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/026520499289248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
11
|
Letchford K, Liggins R, Wasan KM, Burt H. In vitro human plasma distribution of nanoparticulate paclitaxel is dependent on the physicochemical properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(caprolactone) nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 71:196-206. [PMID: 18762253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized and characterized two methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(caprolactone) (MePEG-b-PCL) amphiphilic diblock copolymers, both based on MePEG with a molecular weight of 5000 g/mol (114 repeat units) and PCL block lengths of either 19 or 104 repeat units. Nanoparticles were formed from these copolymers by a nanoprecipitation and dialysis technique. The MePEG(114)-b-PCL(19) copolymer was water soluble and formed micelles that had a hydrodynamic diameter of 40 nm at all copolymer concentrations tested, and displayed a relatively low core microviscosity. The practically water insoluble MePEG(114)-b-PCL(104) copolymer formed nanoparticles with a larger hydrodynamic diameter, which was dependent on copolymer concentration, and possessed a higher core microviscosity than the MePEG(114)-b-PCL(19) micelles, characteristic of nanospheres. The micelles solubilized a maximum of 1.6% w/w of the hydrophobic anticancer agent, paclitaxel (PTX), and released 92% of their drug payload over 7 days, as compared to the nanospheres, which solubilized a maximum of 3% w/w of PTX and released 60% over the same period of time. Both types of nanoparticles were found to be hemocompatible, causing only minimal hemolysis and no changes in plasma coagulation times as compared to control. Upon in vitro incubation in human plasma, PTX solubilized by micelles had a plasma distribution similar to free drug. The majority of PTX was associated with the lipoprotein deficient plasma (LPDP) fraction, which primarily consists of albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. In contrast, nanospheres were capable of retaining more of the encapsulated drug with significantly less PTX partitioning into the LPDP fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Letchford
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Impact of lipoproteins on the biological activity and disposition of hydrophobic drugs: implications for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:84-99. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Woofter RT, Ramsdell JS. Distribution of Brevetoxin to Lipoproteins in human plasma. Toxicon 2007; 49:1010-8. [PMID: 17395229 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the distribution of brevetoxins in lipoproteins, including their role in tissue delivery and toxin elimination in humans, we examined the interaction of brevetoxin congener PbTx-3 with human lipoproteins. In a scintillation proximity assay (SPA) and microtiter equilibrium dialysis, brevetoxin bound linearly to purified human high density, low density, and very low density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, and VLDL). Both methods demonstrated higher binding capacity per weight for HDL over the other lipoproteins; approximately 50% higher with SPA and 100% higher with equilibrium dialysis. The preferential binding of brevetoxin to HDL particles is consistent with the higher surface to volume ratio of these particles and the association of the toxin with the surface phospholipid/cholesterol domain of the lipoprotein particle. Lipoprotein components were next separated from a well-characterized human plasma sample to determine the mass distribution of brevetoxin within plasma. Equilibrium dialysis of the fractionated and recombined lipoproteins and plasma proteins determined that brevetoxin distributed predominately (>80%) to lipoproteins associating with each lipoprotein class. These results provide useful information to consider human susceptibility differences, such as those based on dyslipidemia, to the transport and elimination of polyether toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricky T Woofter
- Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA-National Ocean Service, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hong Y, Shaw PJ, Tattam BN, Nath CE, Earl JW, Stephen KR, McLachlan AJ. Plasma protein distribution and its impact on pharmacokinetics of liposomal amphotericin B in paediatric patients with malignant diseases. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 63:165-72. [PMID: 17180621 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-006-0240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) with plasma proteins and its impact on the pharmacokinetics of L-AmB in paediatric patients with malignant diseases. METHODS Paediatric oncology patients (n = 39) who received multiple-doses of L-AmB were recruited into this study. The association of the drug with plasma lipoprotein was investigated using single vertical spin density gradient ultracentrifugation and quantitated with a validated HPLC assay. The unbound amphotericin B (AmB) in the plasma was separated by ultrafiltration and determined with a validated LC/MS/MS assay. RESULTS The ex vivo lipoprotein distribution of L-AmB found that 68.3 +/- 11.8% of the drug was associated with the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction, which demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with posterior Bayesian estimates of L-AmB clearance (r = -0.690, p < 0.01). The average of unbound fraction of AmB in plasma of patients administered with L-AmB was 0.005, but its relationship with L-AmB clearance did not reach a statistical significance. CONCLUSION L-AmB displays different lipoprotein distribution profile from that of the conventional AmB formulation, with L-AmB preferentially associated with HDL in plasma. The inverse correlation of L-AmB clearance to its HDL distribution contributes to the difference in the pharmacokinetic profile of L-AmB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Pharmacy Building (A15), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meletiadis J, Chanock S, Walsh TJ. Human pharmacogenomic variations and their implications for antifungal efficacy. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006; 19:763-87. [PMID: 17041143 PMCID: PMC1592689 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00059-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is defined as the study of the impacts of heritable traits on pharmacology and toxicology. Candidate genes with potential pharmacogenomic importance include drug transporters involved in absorption and excretion, phase I enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450-dependent mixed-function oxidases) and phase II enzymes (e.g., glucuronosyltransferases) contributing to metabolism, and those molecules (e.g., albumin, A1-acid glycoprotein, and lipoproteins) involved in the distribution of antifungal compounds. By using the tools of population genetics to define interindividual differences in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, pharmacogenomic models for genetic variations in antifungal pharmacokinetics can be derived. Pharmacogenomic factors may become especially important in the treatment of immunocompromised patients or those with persistent or refractory mycoses that cannot be explained by elevated MICs and where rational dosage optimization of the antifungal agent may be particularly critical. Pharmacogenomics has the potential to shift the paradigm of therapy and to improve the selection of antifungal compounds and adjustment of dosage based upon individual variations in drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Meletiadis
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, CRC, 1-5750 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patankar N, Wasan KM. Role of Phospholipid Transfer Protein on the Plasma Distribution of Amphotericin B Following the Incubation of Different Amphotericin B Formulations. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1020-4. [PMID: 16715392 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) on the plasma distribution of amphotericin B (AmpB) following incubation with different AmpB formulations in human plasmas with varying lipid profiles. METHODS In a first set of experiments, plasma distribution profiles of AmpB were determined following the incubation of Fungizone and lipid-based formulations (Abelcet and AmBisome) at a concentration of 20 microg AmpB/mL for 5-120 min at 37 degrees C in the plasma obtained from six different individuals (total cholesterol concentrations range between 62 and 332 mg/dL). In a second set of experiments, Abelcet, and AmBisome at a concentration of 20 microg AmpB/mL were incubated for 5 min at 37 degrees C in human plasma (total cholesterol = 163 mg/dL) that had been pretreated with an antibody raised up against PLTP (1:400 v/v dilution from stock solution) for 20 min at 37 degrees C. Following incubation, the human plasma was separated into its lipoprotein and lipoprotein-deficient fractions by density gradient ultracentrifugation and analyzed for AmpB content by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The majority of AmpB was covered in the lipoprotein-deficient plasma and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions following incubation of Fungizone in human plasma. The majority of AmpB (48.7-87.2%) was recovered in the HDL fraction following incubation of Abelcet and AmBisome in human plasma. The presence of the PLTP antibody resulted in a 20% decrease in the percentage AmpB recovered in the HDL fraction following the incubation of Abelcet. However, the plasma distribution of AmpB remained unchanged following the incubation of AmBisome in plasma containing the PLTP antibody. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest indirect evidence that PLTP may play an important role in the plasma distribution profile of AmpB following the incubation of Abelcet and may be one of the factors responsible for the preferential association of AmpB with HDL when administered as Abelcet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Patankar
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Woofter RT, Spiess PC, Ramsdell JS. Distribution of brevetoxin (PbTx-3) in mouse plasma: association with high-density lipoproteins. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2005; 113:1491-6. [PMID: 16263501 PMCID: PMC1310908 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the brevetoxin congener PbTx-3 to determine its distribution among carrier proteins, including albumin and blood lipoproteins. Using a radiolabeled brevetoxin tracer (PbTx-3), we found that 39% of the radiolabel remained associated with components in mouse plasma after > 15 kDa cutoff dialysis. Of this portion, only 6.8% was bound to serum albumin. We also examined the binding of brevetoxin to various lipoprotein fractions. Plasma, either spiked with PbTx-3 or from mice treated for 30 min with PbTx-3, was fractionated into different-sized lipoproteins by iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation. Each fraction was then characterized and quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis and brevetoxin radioimmunoassay, respectively. In both the in vitro and in vivo experiments, the majority of brevetoxin immunoreactivity was restricted to only those gradient fractions that contained high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Independent confirmation of brevetoxin binding to HDLs was provided by high molecular weight (100 kDa cutoff) dialysis of [3H]PbTx-3 from lipoprotein fractions as well as a scintillation proximity assay using [3H]PbTx-3 and purified human HDLs. This information on the association of brevetoxins with HDLs provides a new foundation for understanding the process by which the toxin is delivered to and removed from tissues and may permit more effective therapeutic measures to treat intoxication from brevetoxins and the related ciguatoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricky T Woofter
- Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Ocean Service, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morilla MJ, Prieto MJ, Romero EL. Benznidazole vs benznidazole in multilamellar liposomes: how different they interact with blood components? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100:213-9. [PMID: 16021311 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of its widespread use, benznidazole's (BNZ) toxicity and low efficacy remains as major drawbacks that impair successful treatments against Chagas disease. Previously, attempting to increase the selectivity and reduce its toxicity on infected tissues, multilamellar liposomes (MLV) composed of hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC): distearoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG): cholesterol (CHOL) 2:1:2 mol:mol loaded with BNZ (MLV-BNZ) were designed. In this work we compared different properties of MLV-BNZ with those of BNZ. Opposite to other hydrophobic drugs, the results indicated that slight changes of BNZ's association degree to proteins and lipoproteins should not modify the percentage of unbound drug available to exert pharmacological action. On the other hand, when loaded in MLV, BNZ reduced its association to plasma proteins in 45% and became refractory to the sinking effect of blood, dropping 4.5 folds. Additionally, when loaded in MLV, BNZ had higher volume distribution (160 +/- 20 vs 102 +/- 15 ml/kg) and total clearance (35.23 +/- 2.3 vs 21.9 +/- 1.4 ml/h.kg), and lower concentration-time curve (7.23 +/- 0.2 vs 9.16 +/- 0.5 microg.h/ml) than BNZ. Hence, these studies showed that for MLV-BNZ, the amount of BNZ can be substantially increased, from 25 to 70%, being this formulation more rapidly cleared from circulation than free drug; also due to the lower interaction with blood components, lower side effects can be expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Laboratorio de Diseño de Estrategias de Targeting de Drogas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 180, Bernal, 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chung NS, Wasan KM. Potential role of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family as mediators of cellular drug uptake. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56:1315-34. [PMID: 15109771 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2003] [Accepted: 12/20/2003] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the importance of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family and its pharmaceutical implications in the field of drug delivery. The members of the LDL receptor family are a group of cell surface receptors that transport a number of macromolecules into cells through a process called receptor-mediated endocytosis. This process involves the receptor recognizing a ligand from the extracellular membrane (ECM), internalizing it through clathrin-coated pits and degrading it upon fusion with lysosomes. There are nine members of the receptor family, which include the LDL receptor, low-density lipoprotein-related protein (LRP), megalin, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, apoER2 and sorLA/LRP11, LRP1b, MEGF7, LRP5/6; the former six having been identified in humans. Each member is expressed in a number of different tissues and has a wide range of different ligands, not specific to the recognition of the LDL particle. Thus, rather than the original hypothesis that the receptor is only a mediator of cholesterol uptake, it may also be involved in a number of other physiological functions, including the progression of certain disease states and, potentially, cellular drug uptake. A number of studies have suggested that the LDL receptors are involved in endocytosis of drugs and drug formulations including aminoglycosides, anionic liposomes and cyclosporine A (CsA). This article reviews the importance of lipoproteins as a drug delivery system and how LDL receptors are relevant to the design and targeting of specific drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Chung
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall Ave., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wasan KM, Sivak O. Modifications in lipoprotein surface charge alter cyclosporine A association with low-density lipoproteins. Pharm Res 2003; 20:126-9. [PMID: 12608546 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022215228799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of lipoprotein surface charge on the plasma distribution of cyclosporine A (CSA). METHODS Phosphatidylinositol (PI; 40 micromol) was administered intravenously to rabbits. Blood was removed 10 min after injection and plasma was retrieved. Radiolabeled CSA ([3H] CSA) at a concentration of 1000 ng/mL was incubated for 60 min at 37 degrees C in control and PI-treated rabbit plasma. After incubation, plasma was separated into its lipoprotein and lipoprotein-deficient plasma (LPDP) fractions by density gradient ultracentrifugation, and the percentage of [3H]CSA recovered in each fraction was determined by radioactivity. To determine lipoprotein surface charge within control and PI-treated plasma, the zeta potential of each lipoprotein fraction was measured. The effect of PI on lipoprotein surface charge was further confirmed by gel electrophoresis. RESULTS PI treatment caused low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction to migrate further on the agarose gel, indicative of an increased negative surface charge. Zeta potential analysis further showed that LDL particles had a surface potential of -11.4 +/- 1.9 mV and -17.4 +/- 3 mV in control and PI-treated groups, respectively. A greater percentage of [3H]CSA was recovered within the LDL (16.4 +/-1.1% vs. 7.7 +/- 2.1%; n = 3; p < 0.05) fraction after incubation in PI treated than in control plasma, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that modifications in lipoprotein surface charge alter CSA distribution within the LDL plasma fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor M Wasan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kennedy AL, Wasan KM. Preferential distribution of amphotericin B lipid complex into human HDL3 is a consequence of high density lipoprotein coat lipid content. J Pharm Sci 1999; 88:1149-55. [PMID: 10564063 DOI: 10.1021/js990101z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma lipoprotein (LP) distribution of amphotericin B (AmpB) and amphotericin B lipid complex [ABLC; Abelcet composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG)] and define the relationship between LP lipid concentration and composition and the distribution of AmpB and ABLC in human plasma with varying total and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. AmpB and ABLC at a concentration of 20 microg amphotericin B/mL were incubated in plasma obtained from different human subjects (n = 7) for 60 min at 37 degrees C. Following these incubations plasma samples were separated into their high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL; which contains very low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipoprotein-deficient (LPDP) fractions by density-gradient ultracentrifugation (UC) and each fraction was assayed for AmpB using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HDL fraction was further separated into its HDL3 and HDL2 subclasses by UC and assayed for AmpB using HPLC. Separation of HDL into its subclasses was confirmed by gel electrophoresis. To assess the influence of modified lipoprotein concentrations and lipid composition on the plasma distribution of AmpB and ABLC, these compounds were incubated in plasmas from human subjects with varying total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations. In addition, to demonstrate that alterations in HDL lipid composition influence the plasma distribution of ABLC, ABLC (20 microg amphotericin B/mL) was incubated in plasma pretreated with dithionitrobenzoate (DTNB, a compound which inhibits lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase conversion of HDL3 free cholesterol to esterified cholesterol) 18 h prior to the experiment or in untreated plasma for 60 min at 37 degrees C. Total plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (fC), esterified cholesterol (CE), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), and protein (TP) concentrations in each human sample were determined by enzymatic assays. When AmpB was incubated in human plasmas of varying lipid concentrations, the majority of the drug was recovered in the LPDP fraction. However, the majority of AmpB was recovered in the HDL3 fraction following the incubation of ABLC. Differences in lipid coat content (fC and PL) carried by HDL influenced the distribution of ABLC within plasma of different human subjects. These findings were confirmed by the DTNB treatment experiments. These findings suggest that the association of AmpB with DMPC and DMPG to form drug-lipid complexes modifies the plasma distribution of the AmpB. In addition, the distribution of ABLC among plasma lipoproteins of different human subjects is defined by the HDL lipid coat content and is possibly an important consideration when evaluating the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and activity of these compounds following administration to humans with differing plasma lipid concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Kennedy
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wasan KM, Strobel FW, Parrott SC, Lynn M, Christ WJ, Hawkins LD, Rossignol DP. Lipoprotein distribution of a novel endotoxin antagonist, E5531, in plasma from human subjects with various lipid levels. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:2562-4. [PMID: 10508046 PMCID: PMC89522 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.10.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/1998] [Accepted: 07/20/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution profile of a novel endotoxin antagonist, [(14)C]E5531, at 1 microg/ml in plasma samples obtained from fasted human subjects with various lipid and protein concentrations. Our findings suggest that the majority of E5531 binds with high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) independently of plasma lipid and protein levels tested. Furthermore, it appears that an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) lipid and protein levels and an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lipid levels significantly increase TRL plus LDL binding of E5531. However, only an increase in HDL protein levels significantly increases HDL binding of E5531.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Wasan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ramaswamy M, Wallace TL, Cossum PA, Wasan KM. Species differences in the proportion of plasma lipoprotein lipid carried by high-density lipoproteins influence the distribution of free and liposomal nystatin in human, dog, and rat plasma. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:1424-8. [PMID: 10348764 PMCID: PMC89290 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.6.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was an interspecies comparison of free nystatin (NYS) and liposomal NYS (Nyotran) distribution in plasma. NYS and liposomal NYS at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 microg of NYS/ml were incubated in human, dog, and rat plasma for 5, 60, and 180 min at 37 degrees C. Following these incubations, plasma samples were separated into their high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride-rich lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein-deficient plasma (LPDP) fractions by density-gradient ultracentrifugation, and each fraction was assayed for NYS by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Total plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and protein concentrations in each human, dog, or rat plasma sample were determined by enzymatic assays. When NYS and liposomal NYS were incubated in human, dog, or rat plasma, the majority of the NYS was recovered in the LPDP fraction. For the 5- and 60-min incubation times for all plasmas measured, a significantly greater percentage of NYS was recovered in the lipoprotein fraction (primarily HDL) following the incubation of liposomal NYS than following the incubation of NYS. There was a significant correlation between the lipoprotein lipid and protein profiles in human, dog, and rat plasmas and the distribution of NYS and liposomal NYS in plasma. In particular, differences in the proportion of plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolar lipids (cholesteryl ester and triglycerides) carried by HDL influenced the distribution of NYS and liposomal NYS within plasmas of different species. These findings suggest that the distribution of NYS among plasma lipoproteins of different species is defined by the proportion of lipid carried by HDL, and this is possibly an important consideration when evaluating the pharmacokinetics, toxicities, and activities of these compounds following administration to different animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ramaswamy
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
LITERATURE ALERTS. J Microencapsul 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/026520499289112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
25
|
Wasan KM, Cassidy SM, Ramaswamy M, Kennedy A, Strobel FW, Ng SP, Lee TY. A comparison of step-gradient and sequential density ultracentrifugation and the use of lipoprotein deficient plasma controls in determining the plasma lipoprotein distribution of lipid-associated nystatin and cyclosporine. Pharm Res 1999; 16:165-9. [PMID: 9950297 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011951602894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Wasan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wasan KM, Ramaswamy M, Ng SP, Wong W, Parrott SC, Ojwang JO, Wallace T, Cossum PA. Differences in the lipoprotein distribution of free and liposome-associated all-trans-retinoic acid in human, dog, and rat plasma are due to variations in lipoprotein lipid and protein content. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:1646-53. [PMID: 9660998 PMCID: PMC105660 DOI: 10.1128/aac.42.7.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/1997] [Accepted: 04/27/1998] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the proposed study was to determine the distribution in plasma lipoprotein of free all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and liposomal ATRA (Atragen; composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and soybean oil) following incubation in human, rat, and dog plasma. When ATRA and Atragen at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, and 25 micrograms/ml were incubated in human and rat plasma for 5, 60, and 180 min, the majority of the tretinoin was recovered in the lipoprotein-deficient plasma fraction. However, when ATRA and Afragen were incubated in dog plasma, the majority of the tretinoin (> 40%) was recovered in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. No differences in the plasma distribution between ATRA and Atragen were found. These data suggest that a significant percentage of tretinoin associates with plasma lipoproteins (primarily the HDL fraction) upon incubation in human, dog, and rat plasma. Differences between the lipoprotein lipid and protein profiles in human plasma and in dog and rat plasma influenced the plasma distribution of ATRA and Atragen. Differences in lipoprotein distribution between ATRA and Atragen were not observed, suggesting that the drug's distribution in plasma in not influenced by its incorporation into these liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Wasan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|