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Gadaime NK, Haddadin RN, Shehabi AA, Omran IN. Antimicrobial resistance and carbapenemase dissemination in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Libyan hospitals: a call for surveillance and intervention. Libyan J Med 2024; 19:2344320. [PMID: 38643488 PMCID: PMC11034451 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2344320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant bacterium capable of forming biofilms. This study aimed to assess resistance of clinical isolates from Libyan hospitals to antipseudomonal antibiotics, the prevalence of selected extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase genes among these isolates, and the microorganisms' capacity for alginate and biofilm production. Forty-five isolates were collected from four hospitals in Benghazi and Derna, Libya. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using agar disc diffusion. The presence of resistance genes (blaCTXM, blaTEM, blaSHV-1, blaGES-1, blaKPC, and blaNDM) was screened using PCR. Biofilm formation was quantified via the crystal violet assay, while alginate production was measured spectrophotometrically. Resistance to antipseudomonal antibiotics ranged from 48.9% to 75.6%. The most prevalent resistance gene was blaNDM (26.7%), followed by blaGES-1 (17.8%). Moreover, all isolates demonstrated varying degrees of biofilm-forming ability and alginate production. No statistically significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and alginate production. The dissemination of resistant genes in P. aeruginosa, particularly carbapenemases, is of great concern. This issue is compounded by the bacteria's biofilm-forming capability. Urgent intervention and continuous surveillance are imperative to prevent further deterioration and the catastrophic spread of resistance among these formidable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin K. Gadaime
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Lab Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology-Derna, National Board for technical and Vocational Education, Derna, Libya
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Souza PMS, Ribeiro ACOA, Pena EPN, Silva FAC, Calsa Júnior T, Morais MMC, Almeida ACS. Distinct carbapenems susceptibility profiles in isogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae presenting Ompk36 disruption and expression of down-regulated blaKPC-2. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e269946. [PMID: 37283335 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitals is a major public health threat, increasing patient hospitalization costs, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this work investigated the resistance mechanisms that produced different carbapenems susceptibility profiles in two isogenic strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from the same patient in a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco. The genes that encode the main porins in K. pneumoniae, ompK35 and ompK36, and several beta-lactamase genes were analyzed. The expression of these genes was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with reverse transcriptase (RT-qPCR). SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) was performed to analyze the outer membrane proteins. The analysis of the ompK36 genetic environment disclosed an IS903 insertion sequence disrupting this gene in the ertapenem resistant isolate (KPN133). The blaKPC-2 gene showed down-regulated expression in both isolates. Our findings show that changes in porins, especially OmpK36, are more determinant to carbapenems susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates than variations in blaKPC gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M S Souza
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - A C O A Ribeiro
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - E P N Pena
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genômica e Proteômica de Plantas, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - F A C Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genômica e Proteômica de Plantas, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - T Calsa Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genômica e Proteômica de Plantas, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - M M C Morais
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - A C S Almeida
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Genética, Bioquímica e Sequenciamento de DNA, Recife, PE, Brasil
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3
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Phu DH, Wongtawan T, Truong DB, Van Cuong N, Carrique-Mas J, Thomrongsuwannakij T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of integrated studies on antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam, with a focus on Enterobacteriaceae, from a One Health perspective. One Health 2022; 15:100465. [PMID: 36561710 PMCID: PMC9767812 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vietnam is a low- and middle-income country (LMIC), a primary food producer, and an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) hotspot. AMR is recognized as a One Health challenge since it may transfer between humans, animals and the environment. This study aimed to apply systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the phenotypic profiles and correlations of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae across three compartments: humans, animals and the environment in Vietnam. A total of 89 articles found in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were retrieved for qualitative synthesis. E. coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) were the most common bacterial species in studies of all compartments (60/89 studies). Among antimicrobials classified as critically important, the resistance levels were observed to be highest to quinolones, 3rd generation of cephalosporins, penicillins, and aminoglycosides. Of 89 studies, 55 articles reported the resistance prevalence of E. coli and NTS in healthy humans, animals and the environment against ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, chloramphenicol was used for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was found highest in E. coli against ampicillin 84.0% (95% CI 73.0-91.0%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 66.0% (95% CI 56.0-75.0%) while in NTS they were 34.0% (95% CI 24.0-46.0%), 33.0% (95% CI 25.0-42.0%), respectively. There were no significant differences in the pooled prevalence of E. coli and NTS to these antimicrobials across healthy humans, animals and the environment, except for ceftazidime-resistant E. coli (χ2 = 8.29, p = 0.02), chloramphenicol-resistant E.coli (χ2 = 9.65, p < 0.01) and chloramphenicol-resistant NTS (χ2 = 7.51, p = 0.02). Findings from the multiple meta-regression models indicated that the AMR levels in E. coli (β = 1.887, p < 0.001) and the North (β = 0.798, p = 0.047) had a higher fraction of AMR than NTS and other regions of Vietnam. The outcomes of this study play an important role as the baseline information for further investigation and follow-up intervention strategies to tackle AMR in Vietnam, and more generally, can be adapted to other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Hoang Phu
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and other Microorganism, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Dinh Bao Truong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Cuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam,Ausvet PTY LTD, Bruce ACT 2617, Canberra, Australia
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Ha Noi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Corresponding author at: Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
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Docking analysis of circulating CTX-M variants in multi-drug resistant, beta-lactamase and biofilm-producing E. coli isolated from pet animals and backyard livestock. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105700. [PMID: 35934203 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria largely depends on the use of antimicrobials not only in humans but also in pet animals and livestock. The present study was conducted to detect the occurrence of beta-lactamase and biofilm-producing- E.coli in healthy pet and backyard livestock. The study also intended on molecular docking experiments to confirm the nature of the catalytic mechanism in β-lactamase enzymes, encoded by the various blaCTX-M genotypes and phylogenetic analysis to reveal clonal relationship of the animal origin E. coli isolates with human clinical strains. The rectal swabs were collected from healthy dogs (n = 254), cats (n = 108), sheep (n = 119) and goats (n = 143) in India. In total 247 (76.47%) E. coli strains were identified as ESBL producers. The possession of ESBL-producers was significantly more (p < 0.05) in pets than in the backyard livestock. Most of the strains possessed blaCTX-M-15 like clones. E. coli strains possessing blaCTX-M-15.2, blaCTX-M-157, blaCTX-M-181 and blaCTX-M-218 like clones, isolated from pets were not reported earlier. The study detected 56.65% of E. coli strains as moderate or strong biofilm producers possessing biofilm-associated genes (csgA, rcsA, rpoS, sdiA). ESBL-producing E. coli showed phenotypical resistance to tetracycline (93.1%), azithromycin (89.8%), ampicillin (84.2%), cefotaxime (80.9%), doxycycline (82.5%), co-trimoxazole (80.9%), ampicillin/cloxacillin (76.9%). The CTX-M variants obtained in this study were modelled by the SWISS-MODEL and verified. Ligand having minimum binding energy, show the highest affinity of β-lactamases for cefotaxime and cefpodoxime. The Gibbs free energy release for all 14 different complex ranges between -6.9 (CTX-M-15.2+cefpodoxime) to -5.3 (CTX-M-218+cefpodoxime) Kcal/mol. Phylogenetic analysis of the animal origin ESBL-E. coli strains revealed a partial clonal relationship with the clinical isolates of local human patients. The present study described the significant presence of biofilm and β-lactamase producing, multi-drug resistant E. coli in pet animals having public health importance.
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Chowdhury M, Bardhan R, Pal S, Banerjee A, Batabyal K, Joardar S, Mandal G, Bandyopadhyay S, Dutta T, Sar T, Samanta I. Comparative occurrence of ESBL/AmpC beta‐lactamase‐producing
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella
in contract farm and backyard broilers. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:53-62. [PMID: 34618368 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Chowdhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - R. Bardhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S. Pal
- Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences Pondicherry University Puducherry India
| | - Aparna Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - K. Batabyal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S.N. Joardar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - G.P. Mandal
- Department of Animal Nutrition West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S. Bandyopadhyay
- ICAR‐Indian Veterinary Research Institute‐Eastern Regional Station Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - T.K. Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology Central Agricultural University Aizawl Mizoram India
| | - T.K. Sar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - I. Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
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Farhadi M, Ahanjan M, Goli HR, Haghshenas MR, Gholami M. High frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring several β-lactamase and integron genes collected from several hospitals in the north of Iran. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:70. [PMID: 34583687 PMCID: PMC8479884 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of hospital outbreaks worldwide. Also, antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae is progressively being involved in invasive infections with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of the current study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the incidence of resistance genes (integron types and β-lactamase-encoded genes) among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 clinical samples were obtained from hospitalized patients in three teaching hospitals in the north of Iran, from November 2018 and October 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk agar diffusion test in line with CLSI recommendations. For colistin, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth microdilution. Based on antibiogram, multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensive-drug resistant (XDR) strains were detected. Finally, integron types and β-lactamase resistance genes were identified using polymerase chain reaction technique. Results The most and least clinical samples were related to the urine and bronchoalveolar lavage, respectively. Based on the antibiogram results, amikacin and gentamicin exhibited good activity against K. pneumoniae strains in vitro. The high resistance rate (93%) to ampicillin/sulbactam predicts the limited efficacy of this antibiotic, in the hospitals studied. Among all the 100 isolates, the frequency of MDR and XDR phenotypes were 58% and 13%, respectively, while no pan-drug resistant (PDR) strains were found. In the MDR K. pneumoniae strains, the prevalence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaNDM β-lactamase genes were 91.4%, 82.7%, 79.3%, 29.3%, 36.2% and 6.9%, respectively, however 91.4% of the isolates were carrying intI gene. Class II and III integrons were not detected in any isolates. Conclusion The MDR K. pneumoniae is becoming a serious problem in hospitals, with many strains developing resistance to most available antimicrobials. Our results indicate co-presence of a series of β-lactamase and integron types on the MDR strains recovered from hospitalized patients. The increasing rate of these isolates emphasizes the importance of choosing an appropriate antimicrobial regimen based on antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12941-021-00476-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Farhadi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahanjan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Goli
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholami
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. .,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Selvakumar V, Kannan K, Panneerselvam A, Suresh M, Nooruddin T, Pal K, Elkodous MA, Nada HG, El-Bastawisy HS, Tolba MM, Noureldeen A, Darwish H, Fayad E, Khairy WA, Nasser HA, El-Sayyad GS. Molecular identification of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing strains in clinical specimens from Tiruchirappalli, India. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Yang YM, Osawa K, Kitagawa K, Hosoya S, Onishi R, Ishii A, Shirakawa T, Hirai I, Kuntaman K, Tanimoto H, Shigemura K, Fujisawa M. Differential effects of chromosome and plasmid bla CTX-M-15 genes on antibiotic susceptibilities in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infection. Int J Urol 2021; 28:623-628. [PMID: 33811389 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare antibiotic susceptibilities between chromosomal and plasmid blaCTX-M-15 locations in urinary tract infection-causing extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli blaCTX-M-15 isolated in Indonesia. METHODS A total of 84 strains identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing E. coli were isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Indonesia in 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on these strains using 18 antibiotics, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase bla genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Gene localization of blaCTX-M-15 -positive strains was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization, and epidemiological typing was conducted using multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS Of 54 strains harboring the blaCTX-M-15 gene, 27 showed localization on chromosome, 20 on plasmid, and seven on chromosome and plasmid. Most multilocus sequence typing sequence types of the 27 strains with chromosomal blaCTX-M-15 were ST405 (25.9%) and ST131 (22.2%) strains, whereas the 20 strains with plasmid-blaCTX-M-15 were mostly ST410 (55.0%). CONCLUSIONS Extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing E. coli blaCTX-M-15 with plasmid genes show significantly higher resistant rates against piperacillin-tazobactam but lower resistant rates against chloramphenicol compared to chromosomal strains in Indonesian patients with urinary tract infection. Mechanistic investigations will be necessary to advance our knowledge of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kayo Osawa
- Division of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichi Kitagawa
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Samiko Hosoya
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Reo Onishi
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Aya Ishii
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiro Shirakawa
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Itaru Hirai
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kuntaman Kuntaman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Tanimoto
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Genomic Characterization of Clinical Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter pittii Isolates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020242. [PMID: 33503968 PMCID: PMC7912037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter pittii (CRAP) is a causative agent of nosocomial infections. This study aimed to characterize clinical isolates of CRAP from a tertiary hospital in Northeast Thailand. Six isolates were confirmed as extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter pittii (XDRAP). The blaNDM-1 gene was detected in three isolates, whereas blaIMP-14 and blaIMP-1 were detected in the others. Multilocus sequence typing with the Pasteur scheme revealed ST220 in two isolates, ST744 in two isolates, and ST63 and ST396 for the remaining two isolates, respectively. Genomic characterization revealed that six XDRAP genes contained antimicrobial resistance genes: ST63 (A436) and ST396 (A1) contained 10 antimicrobial resistance genes, ST220 (A984 and A864) and ST744 (A56 and A273) contained 9 and 8 antimicrobial resistance genes, respectively. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) phylogenetic tree revealed that the isolates A984 and A864 were closely related to A. pittii YB-45 (ST220) from China, while A436 was related to A. pittii WCHAP100020, also from China. A273 and A56 isolates (ST744) were clustered together; these isolates were closely related to strains 2014S07-126, AP43, and WCHAP005069, which were isolated from Taiwan and China. Strict implementation of infection control based upon the framework of epidemiological analyses is essential to prevent outbreaks and contain the spread of the pathogen. Continued surveillance and close monitoring with molecular epidemiological tools are needed.
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Martak D, Henriot CP, Broussier M, Couchoud C, Valot B, Richard M, Couchot J, Bornette G, Hocquet D, Bertrand X. High Prevalence of Human-Associated Escherichia coli in Wetlands Located in Eastern France. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:552566. [PMID: 33013784 PMCID: PMC7498643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.552566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli that are present in the rivers are mostly brought by human and animal feces. Contamination occurs mostly through wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outflows and field amendment with sewage sludge or manure. However, the survival of these isolates in river-associated wetlands remains unknown. Here, we assessed E. coli population structure in low-anthropized wetlands located along three floodplains to identify the major source of contamination of wetlands, whose functioning is different from the rivers. We retrieved 179 E. coli in water samples collected monthly from 19 sites located in eastern France over 1 year. Phylogroups B1 and B2 were dominant in the E. coli population, while phylogroup A was dominant in isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, which harbored the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) encoding genes blaCTX–M–15 and blaCTX–M–27 in half of the cases. The high proportion of isolates from human source can be attributed to WWTP outflows and the spread of sewage sludge. We analyzed the distribution of the isolates belonging to the most human-associated phylogroups (B2 and D) on a phylogenetic tree of the whole species and compared it with that of isolates retrieved from patients and from WWTP outflows. The distribution of the three E. coli populations was similar, suggesting the absence of a specific population in the environment. Our results suggest that a high proportion of E. coli isolates that reach and survive in low-anthropized environments such as wetlands are from human source. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing E. coli contamination and resistance genes in natural freshwater wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martak
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Charles P Henriot
- UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Marion Broussier
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Charlotte Couchoud
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Benoit Valot
- UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Bioinformatique et big data au service de la santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Marion Richard
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Julie Couchot
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Gudrun Bornette
- UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Bioinformatique et big data au service de la santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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11
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Banerjee A, Batabyal K, Singh AD, Joardar SN, Dey S, Isore DP, Sar TK, Dutta TK, Bandyopadhyay S, Samanta I. Multi-drug resistant, biofilm-producing high-risk clonal lineage of Klebsiella in companion and household animals. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:580-587. [PMID: 32881009 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global emergency which needs one health approach to address. The present study was conducted to detect the prevalence of beta-lactamase and biofilm-producing Klebsiella strains in rectal swabs (n = 624) collected from healthy dogs, cats, sheep and goats reared as companion or household animals in India. The dogs and cats were frequently exposed to third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins for therapy. The sheep and goats were occasionally exposed to antibiotics and had environmental exposure. Phenotypical ESBL (n = 93) and ACBL (n = 88)-producing Klebsiella were isolated significantly more (P < 0·05) from companion animals than household animals. Majority of the Klebsiella possessed blaCTX-M-15 . The sequences blaCTX-M-15.2 , blaCTX-M-197 and blaCTX-M-225 are reported first time from the companion animals. All ACBL-producing isolates possessed blaAmpC . The present study detected 65·8% of Klebsiella strains as biofilm producers possessing the studied biofilm associated genes. The isolates showed phenotypical resistance against chloramphenicol, tetracycline, doxycycline, co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid. The present study showed that companion and household animals (dogs, cats, sheep, goats) may act as a carrier of ESBL/biofilm-producing, multi-drug resistant, high-risk clonal lineage of Klebsiella.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - K Batabyal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - A D Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S N Joardar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - S Dey
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - D P Isore
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - T K Sar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - T K Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - S Bandyopadhyay
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | - I Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Saleem AF, Allana A, Hale L, Diaz A, Salinas R, Salinas C, Qureshi SM, Hotwani A, Rahman N, Khan A, Zaidi AK, Seed PC, Arshad M. The Gut of Healthy Infants in the Community as a Reservoir of ESBL and Carbapenemase-Producing Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060286. [PMID: 32471150 PMCID: PMC7345940 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent rapid rise of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E) is threatening the treatment of common infectious diseases. Infections with such strains lead to increased mortality and morbidity. Using a cross-sectional study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of gut colonization with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae among healthy infants born in Pakistan, a setting with high incidence of MDR-E infections. Stool samples were collected from 104 healthy infants between the ages of 5 and 7 months. Enterobacteriaceae isolates were screened for resistance against several antimicrobial classes. Presence of ESBL and carbapenemase genes was determined using multiplex PCR. Sequence types were assigned to individual strains by multi-locus sequence typing. Phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli was done using the triplex PCR method. Forty-three percent of the infants were positive for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, the majority of which were E. coli. We identified several different ESBL E. coli sequence types most of which belonged to the phylogenetic group B2 (23%) or D (73%). The widespread colonization of infants in a developing country with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is concerning. The multiple sequence types and reported non-human sources support that multiple non-epidemic MDR lineages are circulating in Pakistan with healthy infants as a common reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali F. Saleem
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Ahreen Allana
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Alondra Diaz
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.D.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Raul Salinas
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristina Salinas
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Shahida M. Qureshi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Najeeb Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Asia Khan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Anita K. Zaidi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.F.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.Q.); (A.H.); (N.R.); (A.K.); (A.K.Z.)
| | - Patrick C. Seed
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.D.); (P.C.S.)
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mehreen Arshad
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.H.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.D.); (P.C.S.)
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence:
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Banerjee A, Bardhan R, Chowdhury M, Joardar SN, Isore DP, Batabyal K, Dey S, Sar TK, Bandyopadhyay S, Dutta TK, Samanta I. Characterization of beta-lactamase and biofilm producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from organized and backyard farm ducks. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:110-115. [PMID: 31087370 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to detect the occurrence of beta-lactamase and biofilm producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy ducks. A total 202 cloacal swabs were collected from ducks kept in organized (n = 92) and backyard (n = 110) farms in West Bengal (India). The ducks had no history of antibiotic intake. Among the 87 phenotypically beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli, 19 (17·43%), 6 (5·05%) and 15 (13·76%) isolates possessed blaTEM , blaSHV and blaCTX-M respectively. Whereas, 5 (38·46%) Salmonella isolates were found to harbour blaCTX-M . In K. pneumoniae 10 (33·33%), 3 (13·33%), 4 (13·33%) isolates possessed blaTEM , blaSHV and blaCTX-M respectively. The sequences of selected PCR products were found 98% cognate with blaCTX-M-9, blaSHV-12 and blaTEM-1 . Beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolates belonged to 14 different serogroups such as O1, O2, O3, O5, O7, O8, O35, O83, O84, O88, O119, O128, O145 and O157. Moreover, 87 E. coli (79·82%), six Samonella (46·15%) and 13 K. pneumoniae (43·33%) isolates were detected as AmpC producers possessing blaAmpC . Majority of E. coli (46·79%), Salmonella (46·15%) and K. pneumoniae (70%) isolates were detected as biofilm producers and possessed the associated genes (csgA, sdiA, rcsA, rpoS). Significantly higher occurrence of beta-lactamase and biofilm producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates was detected in backyard ducks than organized farms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Consumption of antibiotic through feed or during therapy is considered as potential reason for generation of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in birds. This study provides valuable evidence that exposure to contaminated environment may be an additional source for generation of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in backyard ducks. The backyard ducks are reared by marginal farmers in India who cannot offer antibiotics to them either through feed or during therapy due to high cost. The study also reveals a significant correlation between biofilm formation and possession of antimicrobial resistance genes in the bacterial isolates from the ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - R Bardhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M Chowdhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S N Joardar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - D P Isore
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - K Batabyal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Dey
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - T K Sar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Bandyopadhyay
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - T K Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - I Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Malchione MD, Torres LM, Hartley DM, Koch M, Goodman JL. Carbapenem and colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in Southeast Asia: Review and mapping of emerging and overlapping challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:381-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Mouftah SF, Pál T, Darwish D, Ghazawi A, Villa L, Carattoli A, Sonnevend Á. Epidemic IncX3 plasmids spreading carbapenemase genes in the United Arab Emirates and worldwide. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1729-1742. [PMID: 31417290 PMCID: PMC6593741 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s210554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Plasmids of the incompatibility group X type 3 (IncX3) were described carrying various carbapenemase genes in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) worldwide and in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as well. To understand the driving force behind the emergence of such plasmids in the UAE, the relationship between IncX3 plasmids encountered locally and globally was investigated. Methods CPE strains isolated in the UAE during 2009-2014 were screened by X3 PCR-based replicon typing. The clonal relationship of CPE carrying IncX3 plasmids was determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Complete sequence of selected IncX3 plasmids was determined. Phylogenetic relationship between the carbapenemase carrying IncX3 plasmids from the UAE and of those reported worldwide was established by comparing the plasmid backbones. Results 10.2% of the 295 CPE tested were identified to carry IncX3 plasmids: 13 Escherichia coli, 13 Klebsiella pneumoniae, two Enterobacter cloacae, one Citrobacter freundii and one Morganella morganii isolate, respectively. Most of them were non-clonal; with small clusters of triplets and pairs of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and a cluster of five K. pneumoniae ST11 exhibiting >90% similar PFGE patterns, respectively. The 30 isolates harbored either bla NDM-1, bla NDM-4, bla NDM-5, bla NDM-7, bla OXA-181 or bla KPC-2 carbapenemase genes on IncX3 plasmids. Phylogenetic analysis of the backbone region of IncX3 plasmids carrying various beta-lactamase genes from the UAE (n=23) and that of North-America, Europe, Asia and Australia (n=35) revealed three clusters based on the carbapenemase genes carried: plasmids harboring bla OXA-181 and bla NDM-5 formed two distinct groups, whereas backbones of plasmids with bla NDM-1, bla NDM-4 and bla NDM-7 clustered together. Each cluster contained plasmids of diverse geographical origin. Conclusion The findings suggest that different carbapenemase gene carrying IncX3 plasmids encountered in the UAE do not evolve locally, rather are subtypes of this epidemic plasmid emerging in this country due to international transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa F Mouftah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tibor Pál
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dania Darwish
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akela Ghazawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carattoli
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Ágnes Sonnevend
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Alves TDS, Lara GHB, Maluta RP, Ribeiro MG, Leite DDS. Carrier flies of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli as potential dissemination agent in dairy farm environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1345-1351. [PMID: 29758886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The life cycle of synanthropic flies and their behavior, allows them to serve as mechanical vectors of several pathogens. Given that flies can carry multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, this study aimed to investigate the spread of genes of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from flies collected in two dairy farms in Brazil. Besides antimicrobial resistance determinants, the presence of virulence genes related to bovine colibacillosis was also assessed. Of 94 flies collected, Musca domestica was the most frequently found in the two farms. We isolated 198 E. coli strains (farm A=135 and farm B=63), and >30% were MDR E. coli. We found an association between blaTEM and phenotypical resistance to ampicillin, or chloramphenicol, or tetracycline; and blaCTX-M and resistance to cefoperazone. A high frequency (86%) of phylogenetic group B1 among MDR strains and the lack of association between multidrug resistance and virulence factors suggest that antimicrobial resistance possibly is associated with the commensal bacteria. Clonal relatedness of MDR E. coli performed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis showed wide genomic diversity. Different flies can carry clones, but with distinct antimicrobial resistance pattern. Sanger sequencing showed that the same class 1 integron arrangement is displayed by apparently unrelated strains, carried by different flies. Our conjugation results indicate class 1 integron transfer associated with tetracycline resistance. We report for the first time, in Brazil, that MDR E. coli is carried by flies in the milking environment. Therefore, flies can act as carriers for MDR strains and contribute to dissemination routes of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taila Dos Santos Alves
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Postal address 6109, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Batista Lara
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Postal address 560, CEP 18618-681 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Pariz Maluta
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Postal address 6109, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Postal address 560, CEP 18618-681 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Domingos da Silva Leite
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Postal address 6109, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bok E, Mazurek J, Myc A, Stosik M, Wojciech M, Baldy-Chudzik K. Comparison of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolates from Adults and Young Children in Lubuskie Province, Poland: Virulence Potential, Phylogeny and Antimicrobial Resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040617. [PMID: 29597292 PMCID: PMC5923659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Commensal Escherichia coli population is a dynamic structure which may be important in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal infections. The aim of this study was the comparison of genetic diversity of commensal E. coli isolates from two age group—adults and young children. E. coli strains were isolated on MacConkey agar and identified by biochemical tests. Determination of four major phylogenetic groups, identification of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance determinants were performed by using multiplex or simplex PCR. Phenotypic analysis of resistance was based on disc-diffusion method. The prevalence of virulence genes was significantly higher among isolates from adults than from young children. Phylogroup B2 predominated among E. coli from adults, whereas phylogroup A was the most common in isolates from young children. The analyses of antimicrobial resistance revealed that resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent and multidrug-resistance were detected significantly more frequent in the isolates from adults than from young children. This study documented that the commensal E. coli isolates from adults showed greater genetic diversity than from young children and constitutes a substantial reservoir of the virulence genes typical for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bok
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Justyna Mazurek
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Myc
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA.
| | - Michał Stosik
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wojciech
- Department of Mathematical Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Econometrics, University of Zielona Góra, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Baldy-Chudzik
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
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da Silva HRF, Vilela MA, Almeida ACS, de Morais MMC. Colistin-resistant KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST423 harboring an IS5-like element in the mgrB gene isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 29540262 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe colistin-resistant KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from cerebrospinal fluid, belonging to ST423, selected during treatment for neuroinfection. Colistin resistance was related to mgrB gene interruption by an IS5-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemilly Rayanne Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco - Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310. Santo Amaro, 50100-130, Recife, Brasil
| | - Marinalda Anselmo Vilela
- Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco - Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310. Santo Amaro, 50100-130, Recife, Brasil
| | - Anna Carolina Soares Almeida
- Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco - Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310. Santo Amaro, 50100-130, Recife, Brasil; Área de Genética, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n. Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Brasil
| | - Márcia Maria Camargo de Morais
- Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco - Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310. Santo Amaro, 50100-130, Recife, Brasil.
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CTX-M-15-Producing Shewanella Species Clinical Isolate Expressing OXA-535, a Chromosome-Encoded OXA-48 Variant, Putative Progenitor of the Plasmid-Encoded OXA-436. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 62:AAC.01879-17. [PMID: 29038283 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01879-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella spp. constitute a reservoir of antibiotic resistance determinants. In a bile sample, we identified three extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shewanella sp. strain JAB-1) isolated from a child suffering from cholangitis. Our objectives were to characterize the genome and the resistome of the first ESBL-producing isolate of the genus Shewanella and determine whether plasmidic exchange occurred between the three bacterial species. Bacterial isolates were characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), standard biochemical tools, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Shewanella sp. JAB-1 and ESBL gene-encoding plasmids were characterized using PacBio and Illumina whole-genome sequencing, respectively. The Shewanella sp. JAB-1 chromosome-encoded OXA-48 variant was cloned and functionally characterized. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the Shewanella sp. clinical isolate JAB-1 revealed the presence of a 193-kb plasmid belonging to the IncA/C incompatibility group and harboring two ESBL genes, blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV-2ablaCTX-M-15 gene-carrying plasmids belonging to the IncY and IncR incompatibility groups were also found in the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from the same patient, respectively. A comparison of the blaCTX-M-15 genetic environment indicated the independent origin of these plasmids and dismissed in vivo transfers. Furthermore, characterization of the resistome of Shewanella sp. JAB-1 revealed the presence of a chromosome-carried blaOXA-535 gene, likely the progenitor of the plasmid-carried blaOXA-436 gene, a novel blaOXA-48-like gene. The expression of blaOXA-535 in E. coli showed the carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity of OXA-535. The production of OXA-535 in Shewanella sp. JAB-1 could be evidenced using molecular and immunoenzymatic tests, but not with biochemical tests that monitor carbapenem hydrolysis. In this study, we have identified a CTX-M-15-producing Shewanella species that was responsible for a hepatobiliary infection and that is likely the progenitor of OXA-436, a novel plasmid-encoded OXA-48-like class D carbapenemase.
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Potential transmission opportunity of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli on a large-scale chicken farm in Vietnam. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 13:1-6. [PMID: 29030311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have disseminated worldwide. This study investigated blaCTX-M-positive E. coli on a large-scale Vietnamese chicken farm and analysed whether there was any difference in prevalence and molecular characteristics of blaCTX-M-positive E. coli between the farm and the Vietnamese community. METHODS Faecal samples were collected from 24 human individuals and 38 chickens from the large-scale chicken farm as well as 51 humans and 36 chickens from the community. All samples were collected between June 2013 and June 2014 in Bavi Province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. Molecular characterisation of CTX-M-producing E. coli and genetic relatedness among the isolates were evaluated by conventional typing methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS The prevalence of blaCTX-M-positive E. coli was 83.3%, 71.1%, 54.9% and 13.9% in farm workers, farm chickens, community individuals and community backyard chickens, respectively. On average, blaCTX-M-positive E. coli isolates from farm chickens were resistant to 8.3 different antibiotics. The average number of detected aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes (3.4 genes) and the detection rate of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 (33.3%) were higher in blaCTX-M-positive E. coli isolated from farm chickens compared with other sampling groups. In addition, two types of indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were observed in six blaCTX-M-65-positive E. coli and three blaCTX-M-55-positive E. coli from farm chickens. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a more frequent transmission opportunity of blaCTX-M-positive E. coli on the large-scale Vietnamese chicken farm.
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Comparative Antibacterial Effects of the Whole and Diluted Human Breast Milk on some PCR Detected Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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El-Badawy MF, Tawakol WM, Maghrabi IA, Mansy MS, Shohayeb MM, Ashour MS. Iodometric and Molecular Detection of ESBL Production Among Clinical Isolates ofE. coliFingerprinted by ERIC-PCR: The First Egyptian Report Declares the Emergence ofE. coliO25b-ST131clone HarboringblaGES. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:703-717. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. El-Badawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M. Tawakol
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Maghrabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moselhy S. Mansy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Shohayeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. Ashour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance in Hospital and Community Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.45678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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Bagus Wasito E, Shigemura K, Osawa K, Fardah A, Kanaida A, Raharjo D, Kuntaman K, Hadi U, Harijono S, Marto Sudarmo S, Nakamura T, Shibayama K, Fujisawa M, Shirakawa T. Antibiotic Susceptibilities and Genetic Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Stools of Pediatric Diarrhea Patients in Surabaya, Indonesia. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 70:378-382. [PMID: 28003592 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pediatric (aged 0 to 3 years) diarrhea patients in Surabaya, Indonesia, where this kind of survey is rare; our study included assessment of their antibiotic susceptibilities, as well as ESBL typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC)-typing. ESBL-producing E. coli were detected in 18.8% of all the samples. Many ESBL-producing E. coli had significantly lower susceptibility to gentamicin (p < 0.0001) and the quinolones nalidixic acid (p=0.004) and ciprofloxacin (p < 0.0001) than non-producers. In ESBL-producing E. coli, 84.0% of strains expressed CTX-M-15 alone or in combination with other ESBL types. MLST revealed that 24.0% of ESBL-producers had sequence type 617, all of which expressed the CTX-M-15 gene; we also detected expression of 3 DEC-related genes: 2 enteroaggregative E. coli genes and 1 enteropathogenic E. coli gene. In conclusion, CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli ST617 appear to have spread to Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Bagus Wasito
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo Hospital.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine.,Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science
| | - Kayo Osawa
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science
| | - Alpha Fardah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University
| | - Akiho Kanaida
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science
| | - Dadik Raharjo
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University
| | - K Kuntaman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo Hospital.,Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University
| | - Usman Hadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo Hospital
| | - Sugeng Harijono
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University
| | | | | | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshiro Shirakawa
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University.,Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
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Chatterjee S, Datta S, Roy S, Ramanan L, Saha A, Viswanathan R, Som T, Basu S. Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Other Acinetobacter spp. Causing Neonatal Sepsis: Focus on NDM-1 and Its Linkage to ISAba125. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1126. [PMID: 27551277 PMCID: PMC4976090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant determinants and their surrounding genetic structure were studied in Acinetobacter spp. from neonatal sepsis cases collected over 7 years at a tertiary care hospital. Acinetobacter spp. (n = 68) were identified by ARDRA followed by susceptibility tests. Oxacillinases, metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), extended-spectrum β-lactamases and AmpCs, were detected phenotypically and/or by PCR followed by DNA sequencing. Transconjugants possessing the bla NDM-1(New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase) underwent further analysis for plasmids, integrons and associated genes. Genetic environment of the carbapenemases were studied by PCR mapping and DNA sequencing. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for sepsis caused by NDM-1-harboring organisms. A. baumannii (72%) was the predominant species followed by A. calcoaceticus (10%), A. lwoffii (6%), A. nosocomialis (3%), A. junni (3%), A. variabilis (3%), A. haemolyticus (2%), and 14TU (2%). Fifty six percent of the isolates were meropenem-resistant. Oxacillinases present were OXA-23-like, OXA-58-like and OXA-51-like, predominately in A. baumannii. NDM-1 was the dominant MBL (22%) across different Acinetobacter spp. Isolates harboring NDM-1 also possessed bla (VIM-2, PER-1, VEB-2, CTX-M-15), armA, aac(6')Ib, aac(6')Ib-cr genes. bla NDM-1was organized in a composite transposon between two copies of ISAba125 in the isolates irrespective of the species. Further, OXA-23-like gene and OXA-58-like genes were linked with ISAba1 and ISAba3 respectively. Isolates were clonally diverse. Integrons were variable in sequence but not associated with carbapenem resistance. Most commonly found genes in the 5' and 3'conserved segment were aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadB, aadA2, aac4'), non-enzymatic chloramphenicol resistance gene (cmlA1g) and ADP-ribosylation genes (arr2, arr3). Outborn neonates had a significantly higher incidence of sepsis due to NDM-1 harboring isolates than their inborn counterparts. This study demonstrates the significance of both A. baumannii and other species of Acinetobacter in cases of neonatal sepsis over an extended period. Oxacillinases and bla NDM-1 are the major contributors to carbapenem resistance. The dissemination of the bla NDM-1 is likely linked to Tn125 in diverse clones of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdatta Chatterjee
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Kolkata, India
| | - Saswati Datta
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Kolkata, India
| | - Subhasree Roy
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Kolkata, India
| | - Lavanya Ramanan
- Absolut Data Labs, Absolut Data Research and Analytics Gurgaon, India
| | - Anindya Saha
- Department of Neonatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital Kolkata, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Viswanathan
- Department of Neonatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital Kolkata, India
| | - Tapas Som
- Department of Neonatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital Kolkata, India
| | - Sulagna Basu
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Kolkata, India
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Patterson SK, Singer RS. Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Community DNA. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 18:172-81. [PMID: 16617698 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many methods are used to detect antibiotic resistance genes in samples. The objective of the study reported here was to compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of community DNA with fecal culturing for detecting antibiotic resistance genes in cattle samples. In the laboratory-based portion of this study, known concentrations of an Escherichia coli strain with 3 antibiotic resistance genes ( cmy-2, flo, and cat) were added to feces from dairy cattle. These genes were used to assess the effect of various primer pairs, chromosomally versus plasmid-encoded genes, and gene copy number on the sensitivity of PCR amplification. Gene-specific PCR amplification was performed on the community DNA extracted from the feces. Feces were cultured for the inoculated strain. In the field-based portion of the study, 80 cattle fecal samples of unknown gene status were compared by use of similar methods. Culture and PCR amplification from community DNA extractions produced variable results, and this variability was most noticeable at dilutions that approached the detection limit of the assay. Typically, PCR amplification had a higher sensitivity than did culture for detecting the gene of interest. However, the sensitivity of culture was improved by plating on selective media containing antibiotics. The community DNA approach enables assessment of bacterial communities in complex samples such as feces, a task that can be prohibitive by budget or time constraints associated with culture methods. Through a strategic combination of culture and community DNA approaches, the relationship between specific selection pressures and the persistence and dissemination of specific resistance genes can be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K Patterson
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802, USA
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27
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Adler A, Sturlesi N, Fallach N, Zilberman-Barzilai D, Hussein O, Blum SE, Klement E, Schwaber MJ, Carmeli Y. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Transmission Dynamics of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: a National Survey of Cattle Farms in Israel in 2013. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:3515-21. [PMID: 26311861 PMCID: PMC4609711 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01915-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objectives were to study the prevalence, risk factors for carriage, and transmission dynamics of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLPE) in a national survey of cattle. This was a point prevalence study conducted from July to October 2013 in Israel. Stool samples were collected from 1,226 cows in 123 sections on 40 farms of all production types. ESBLPE were identified in 291 samples (23.7%): 287 contained Escherichia coli and 4 contained Klebsiella pneumoniae. The number of ESBLPE-positive cows was the highest in quarantine stations and on fattening farms and was the lowest on pasture farms (P = 0.03). The number of ESBLPE-positive cows was the lowest in sections containing adult cows (age, >25 months) and highest in sections containing calves (age, <4 months) (P < 0.001). Infrastructure variables that were significant risk factors for ESBLPE carriage included crowding, a lack of manure cleaning, and a lack of a cooling (P < 0.001 for each), all of which were more common in sections containing calves. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was given almost exclusively to calves and was associated with a high number of ESBLPE carriers (P < 0.001). The 287 E. coli isolates were typed into 106 repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR types and mostly harbored blaCTX-M-1 or blaCTX-M-9 group genes. The isolates on the six farms with ≥15 isolates of ESBLPE were of 4 to 7 different REP-PCR types, with one dominant type being harbored by about half of the isolates. Fourteen types were identified on more than one farm, with only six of the farms being adjacent to each other. The prevalence of ESBLPE carriage is high in calves in cowsheds where the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis is common. ESBLPE disseminate within cowsheds mainly by clonal spread, with limited intercowshed transmission occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Adler
- National Center for Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Na'ama Sturlesi
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noga Fallach
- National Center for Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Omar Hussein
- National Center for Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Yehuda Carmeli
- National Center for Infection Control, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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28
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Aires CAM, Almeida ACS, Vilela MA, Morais-Junior MA, Morais MMC. Selection of KPC-2-producing Providencia stuartii during treatment for septicemia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 84:95-96. [PMID: 26527060 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caio A M Aires
- Microbial Resistance Laboratory, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Anna C S Almeida
- Microbial Resistance Laboratory, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Marinalda A Vilela
- Microbial Resistance Laboratory, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Morais-Junior
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Márcia M C Morais
- Microbial Resistance Laboratory, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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29
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Le QP, Ueda S, Nguyen TNH, Dao TVK, Van Hoang TA, Tran TTN, Hirai I, Nakayama T, Kawahara R, Do TH, Vien QM, Yamamoto Y. Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–ProducingEscherichia coliin Retail Meats and Shrimp at a Local Market in Vietnam. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:719-25. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryuji Kawahara
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
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Xu Y, Gu B, Huang M, Liu H, Xu T, Xia W, Wang T. Epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) during 2000-2012 in Asia. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:376-85. [PMID: 25922715 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, the worldwide emergence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has become a severe public health issue. This meta-analysis aims to describe the epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) during the years of 2000-2012 in Asian area. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify the qualified papers. Random or fixed-effect model was used to deal with the data. RESULTS Over all the 49 Asian countries (or regions), only 37.5% [19] of them contributed epidemiology data of CRE, and the rest ones provided either only case reports or no information at all. In Asia, the prevalence of CRE was still low during the study period with average resistance rates of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.6-0.8%, imipenem) and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7-1.2%, meropenem). Resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem in Enterobacteriaceae exhibited stably escalating trend. Similar trend can also be observed among each Enterobacteriaceae genus, such as E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacer spp. Klebsiella spp. accounted for the largest proportion among the isolates resistant to imipenem, and then followed by E. coli and Serratia. The rank order of resistance rates to imipenem among Enterobacteriaceae genus during the period of 2000-2012 was as follows: Serratia spp. (1.8%) > Proteus spp. (1.6%) > Klebsiella spp. (0.8%) = Citrobacter spp. (0.8%) > Enterobacer spp. (0.7%) > E. coli (0.2%). CONCLUSIONS Given the fact that the prevalence of CRE was increasing during the past decade, it is urgent for us to establish regional surveillance worldwide, carry out more effective antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures to prevent further spread of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Xu
- 1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bing Gu
- 1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mao Huang
- 1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- 1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ting Xu
- 1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenying Xia
- 1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tong Wang
- 1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Trung NT, Hien TTT, Huyen TTT, Quyen DT, Binh MT, Hoan PQ, Meyer CG, Velavan TP, Song LH. Simple multiplex PCR assays to detect common pathogens and associated genes encoding for acquired extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) or carbapenemases from surgical site specimens in Vietnam. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2015; 14:23. [PMID: 25890291 PMCID: PMC4399146 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-015-0079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Surgical site infection (SSI) is common in Vietnamese post-operative patients. It contributes to increased morbidity, mortality, hospitalization time and health care expenditure. Bacterial culture is considered the gold standard procedure to identify SSI pathogens and antibiotic resistant properties; however, it can detect microbes that can readily grow and is time-consuming. We propose optimized multiplex PCR assays to diagnose the most relevant microbes and associated genes encoding for acquired extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) or carbapenemases from Vietnamese patients with SSI in a hospital setting in Hanoi. Methods Ninety-one patients (n = 91) were collected in order to identify microbial pathogens and associated genes encoding for acquired extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) or carbapenemases by both conventional bacterial culture and in-house multiplex PCR assays. Result and conclusion The novel in-house multiplex PCR assays are comparable to the bacterial culture approach in screening for common pathogens causing SSI and for relevant genotypes conferring betalactam/carbapenem resistance for bacteria. This is the first report of Turkey-specific ESBL gene (PER-1) and two Oxacilinase families (Oxa23 and Oxa 58) in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Tat Trung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Thi Thu Hien
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Thi Thanh Huyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Dao Thanh Quyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Mai Thanh Binh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phan Quoc Hoan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. .,Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
| | - Le Huu Song
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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32
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Vlieghe ER, Huang TD, Phe T, Bogaerts P, Berhin C, De Smet B, Peetermans WE, Jacobs JA, Glupczynski Y. Prevalence and distribution of beta-lactamase coding genes in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from bloodstream infections in Cambodia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1223-9. [PMID: 25717021 PMCID: PMC4426130 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Gram-negative bacteria is emerging in Asia. We report the prevalence and distribution of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-coding genes in cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from bloodstream infections (BSI) in Cambodia. All Enterobacteriaceae isolated from BSI in adult patients at Sihanouk Hospital Centre of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2007–2010) were assessed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disc diffusion and MicroScan according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Screening for ESBL, plasmidic AmpC and carbapenemase-coding genes was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing assays. Identification of the ST131 clone was performed in all CTX-M-positive Escherichia coli, using PCR targeting the papB gene. Out of 183 Enterobacteriaceae, 91 (49.7 %) isolates (84 BSI episodes) were cefotaxime-resistant: E. coli (n = 68), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 17) and Enterobacter spp. (n = 6). Most episodes were community-acquired (66/84; 78.3 %). ESBLs were present in 89/91 (97.8 %) cefotaxime-resistant isolates: 86 (96.6 %) were CTX-M, mainly CTX-M-15 (n = 41) and CTX-M-14 (n = 21). CTX-M of group 1 were frequently associated with TEM and/or OXA-1/30 coding genes and with phenotypic combined resistance to ciprofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim and gentamicin (39/50, 78.0 %). Plasmidic AmpC (CMY-2 and DHA-1 types) were found alone (n = 2) or in combination with ESBL (n = 4). Eighteen E. coli isolates were identified as B2-ST131-O25B: 11 (61.1 %) carried CTX-M-14. No carbapenemase-coding genes were detected. ESBL among Enterobacteriaceae from BSI in Cambodia is common, mainly associated with CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14. These findings warrant urgent action for the containment of antibiotic resistance in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Vlieghe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium,
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Dureja C, Mahajan S, Raychaudhuri S. Phylogenetic distribution and prevalence of genes encoding class I Integrons and CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli isolates from healthy humans in Chandigarh, India. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112551. [PMID: 25409321 PMCID: PMC4237346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is generally considered as a commensal inhabitant of gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to gain insight on the distribution of phylotypes and presence of genes encoding integrons, extended β-lactamases and resistance to other antimicrobials in the commensal E. coli isolates from healthy adults in Chandigarh, India. PCR and DNA sequencing were used for phylogenetic classification, detections of integrase genes, gene cassettes within the integron and extended β-lactamases. The genetic structure of E. coli revealed a non-uniform distribution of isolates among the seven phylogenetic groups with significant representation of group A. Integron-encoded integrases were detected in 25 isolates with class 1 integron-encoded intI1 integrase being in the majority (22 isolates). The gene cassettes identified were those for trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin and streptothricin. The dfrA12-orfF-aadA2 was the most commonly found gene cassette in intI1 positive isolates. Phenotypic assay for screening the potential ESBL producers suggested 16 isolates to be ESBL producers. PCR detection using gene-specific primers showed that 15 out of these 16 ESBL-producing E. coli harboured the blaCTX-M-15 gene. Furthermore, molecular studies helped in characterizing the genes responsible for tetracycline, chloramphenicol and sulphonamides resistance. Collectively, our study outlines the intra-species phylogenetic structure and highlights the prevalence of class 1 integron and blaCTX-M-15 in commensal E. coli isolates of healthy adults in Chandigarh, India. Our findings further reinforce the relevance of commensal E. coli strains on the growing burden of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Dureja
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Molecular Biology Division, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Sakshi Mahajan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Molecular Biology Division, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Saumya Raychaudhuri
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Molecular Biology Division, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- * E-mail:
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Osawa K, Shigemura K, Shimizu R, Kato A, Kusuki M, Jikimoto T, Nakamura T, Yoshida H, Arakawa S, Fujisawa M, Shirakawa T. Molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a university teaching hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 21:130-9. [PMID: 25361040 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has been increasing worldwide. Recently, a pandemic clone of Escherichia coli O25:H4, sequence type 131 (ST131), producing ESBL-type CTX-M-15 has been reported as a major problem. In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics of 72 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. We detected the ESBL blaCTX-M gene and nine virulence factor genes (papC, papEF, fimH, hlyA, iutA, sfa, eaeA, bfpA, and aggR) by PCR and DNA sequencing, plasmid replicon typing, phylogenetic grouping, repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), and multilocus sequence typing. All strains were positive for blaCTX-M. Twenty-two (30.6%) strains in CTX-M-1 group included 9 (12.5%) of CTX-M-15, 3 (4.2%) in CTX-M-2 group, and 47 (65.3%) strains in CTX-M-9 group. The CTX-M-15-producing E. coli O25:H4 ST131 was derived from phylogenetic group B2 and rep-PCR pattern d. The most prevalent virulence factor was fimH (72 strains; 100%) and the most common replicon type was the IncF type (65 strains; 90.3%). The CTX-M-9 group was significantly associated with the presence of papC and papEF [OR (95% CI)=9.22 (1.32-64.7), p=0.025] or hlyA [OR (95% CI)=5.57 (1.17-26.4), p=0.031]. In conclusion, we confirmed that CTX-M-15-producing E. coli O25:H4 ST131 has emerged in Japan and found significant virulence factors with CTX-M-9 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Osawa
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe, Japan
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Bréchet C, Plantin J, Sauget M, Thouverez M, Talon D, Cholley P, Guyeux C, Hocquet D, Bertrand X. Wastewater Treatment Plants Release Large Amounts of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli Into the Environment. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:1658-65. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Peter S, Wolz C, Kaase M, Marschal M, Schulte B, Vogel W, Autenrieth I, Willmann M. Emergence of Citrobacter freundii carrying IMP-8 metallo-β-lactamase in Germany. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 2:42-5. [PMID: 25356340 PMCID: PMC4184589 DOI: 10.1002/nmi2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) in Enterobacteriaceae are an increasing problem worldwide. This report describes the isolation of Citrobacter freundii carrying IMP-8 MBL from three patients during the period from March 2012 until March 2013 in Germany. The blaIMP-8 enzyme is predominantly found in Asia, where IMP-8 has spread to various enterobacterial species causing serious infections. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of blaIMP-8 habouring Enterobacteriaceae in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Wolz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Kaase
- National Reference Laboratory for Multidrug Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - M Marschal
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - B Schulte
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Vogel
- Medical Centre, Department of Haematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - I Autenrieth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Willmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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The assessment of Proteus mirabilis susceptibility to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin and the impact of these antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations on Proteus mirabilis biofilms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:930876. [PMID: 24151628 PMCID: PMC3787586 DOI: 10.1155/2013/930876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rods of the Proteus genus are commonly isolated from patients, especially from the urinary tracts of the catheterised patients. The infections associated with biomaterials are crucial therapeutic obstacles, due to the bactericidal resistance of the biofilm. The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of P. mirabilis planktonic forms to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime, the ability to form biofilm, and the impact of chosen sub-MIC concentrations of these antibiotics on biofilm at different stages of its formation. The research included 50 P. mirabilis strains isolated from wounds and the urinary tracts from patients of the University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz. The assessment of susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime was conducted using micromethods. The impact of sub-MIC concentrations of the chosen antibiotics on the biofilm was measured using the TTC method. The resistance to ciprofloxacin was confirmed for 20 strains (40.0%) while to ceftazidime for 32 (64.0%) of the tested P. mirabilis strains. All of the tested strains formed biofilm: 24.0% weakly, 26.0% moderately, and 50.0% strongly. It was determined that ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime caused eradication of the biofilm. Moreover, the connection between origin of the strains, biofilm maturity level, and resistance to antibiotics was proved.
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Characterization of fecal extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a remote community during a long time period. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5060-6. [PMID: 23917313 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00848-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (ESBL-E) has increased in community settings. Little is known about their long-term evolution. French Guiana Amerindians living in a very remote village, already sampled in 2001 and 2006 for ESBL-E fecal carriage, were screened again in October 2010. Sociodemographic data and antibiotic intake data were collected during the previous year. ESBL-E strains collected in 2010 and their plasmid contents were typed. The results were compared to those of the previous campaigns. The prevalence of ESBL-E carriage in 2010 was 5.3%, whereas it was 8.0% and 3.2% in 2006 and 2001, respectively. As previously determined, no individual factor was associated with carriage, including personal antibiotic exposure. However, overall antibiotic use had decreased to a 0.67 treatments/subject/year in 2010 versus 1.09 in 2006 (P < 0.001), which supports the idea that population exposure to antibiotics impacts on ESBL-E community carriage rates. A wide diversity of ESBL Escherichia coli strains belonging to the A0, A1, B1, and D2 phylogroups and producing the CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, and CTX-M-8 enzymes were isolated. Despite the overall genetic diversity of the strains evaluated by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing, two CTX-M-1-producing clones were found to have spread. In contrast, similar ESBL-bearing I1/Iγ plasmids were present in various strains both within and between carriers, suggesting high rates of plasmid transfer. Our results suggest that overall antibiotic exposure affects ESBL-E fecal carriage in the community. ESBL-E spread may be the result of both strain dissemination and the transfer of plasmids in intestinal microbiota.
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Xia R, Ren Y, Xu H. Identification of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from hospital wastewaters and receiving waters in the Jinan area, China. Microb Drug Resist 2013; 19:446-56. [PMID: 23844849 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) qnr genes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolates collected from aquatic environments in Jinan during 2 years (2008.3-2009.11). Genes were identified to variant level by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis or sequencing. qnrA1, qnrB2, qnrB4, qnrB6, qnrB9, qnrS1, and the new qnrB variant qnrB26 were detected in 31 strains from six genera (Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp., and Citrobacter spp.), four of which contained double qnr genes. Other PMQR genes, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA, were found in 12 (38.7%) and 5 (16.1%) of 31 isolates, respectively; while qepA was found in Shigella spp. for the first time. Eight types of β-lactamase genes and eight other types of resistance genes were also present in the 31 qnr-positive isolates. The detection rate for five β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaCTX, ampR, blaDHA, and blaSHV) was >45%. Class 1 integrons and complex class 1 integrons were prevalent in these strains, which contained 15 different gene cassette arrays and 5 different insertion sequence common region 1 (ISCR1)-mediated downstream structures. qnrA1, qnrB2, and qnrB6 were present in three ISCR1-mediated downstream structures: qnrA1-ampR, sapA-like-qnrB2, and sdr-qnrB6. We also analyzed the horizontal transferability of PMQR genes and other resistance determinants. The qnr genes and some integrons and resistance genes from 18 (58.1%) of the 31 qnr-positive strains could be transferred to E. coli J53 Azi(R) or E. coli DH5α recipient strains using conjugation or transformation methods. The results showed that a high number of qnr genes were associated with other resistance genes in aquatic environments in Jinan. This suggests that we should avoid over-using antibiotics and monitor aquatic environments to control the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University , Jinan, China
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Xia R, Ren Y, Guo X, Xu H. Molecular diversity of class 2 integrons in antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria found in wastewater environments in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:402-14. [PMID: 23264021 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-1034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular architecture of class 2 integrons among gram-negative bacteria from wastewater environments was investigated in Jinan, China. Out of the 391 antibiotic-resistant bacteria found, 38 isolates harboring class 2 integrons encoding potentially transferrable genes that could confer antibiotic resistance were found. These isolates were classified into 19 REP-PCR types. These strains were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and found to be as follows: Proteus mirabilis (16), Escherichia coli (7), Providencia spp. (7), Proteus spp. (2), P. vulgaris (3), Shigella sp. (1), Citrobacter freundii (1), and Acinetobacter sp. (1). Their class 2 integron cassette arrays were amplified and then either analyzed using PCR-RFLP or sequenced. The typical array dfrA1-sat2-aadA1 was detected in 27 isolates. Six atypical arrays were observed, including three kinds of novel arrangements (linF2(∆attC1)-dfrA1(∆attC2)-aadA1-orf441 or linF2(∆attC1)-dfrA1(∆attC2)-aadA1, dfrA1-catB2-sat2-aadA1, and estX(Vr)-sat2-aadA1) and a hybrid with the 3'CS of class 1 integrons (dfrA1-sat2-aadA1-qacH), and dfrA1-sat1. Twenty-four isolates were also found to carry class 1 integrons with 10 types of gene cassette arrays. Several non-integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes were found, and their transferability was investigated. Results showed that water sources in the Jinan region harbored a diverse community of both typical and atypical class 2 integrons, raising concerns about the overuse of antibiotics and their careless disposal into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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PCR-Based Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (bla CTX-M-1 and bla TEM ) in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Pigs in North Eastern India (Mizoram). Indian J Microbiol 2013; 53:291-6. [PMID: 24426125 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalosporins are major antimicrobials used to treat serious infections. However, their effectiveness is being compromised by the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). A total of 138 enteric bacteria were isolated from 53 faecal samples of pigs collected from different districts of Mizoram, of which 102 (73.91 %) were Escherichia coli, 26 (18.84 %) were Salmonella spp. and 10 (7.25 %) were Klebsiella pneumoniae. Phenotypic confirmatory test (Double Discs Synergy Test) showed that 8 (5.80 %) E. coli isolates were ESBLs producer. PCR analysis confirmed that out of the eight isolate, 7 (5.07 %) harboured bla CTX-M-1 gene and/or bla TEM gene. Of the eight positive isolates, 7 (5.07 %) and 3 (2.17 %) were found to be positive for bla CTX-M-1 gene and bla TEM gene, respectively, of which 3 (2.17 %) isolates were positive for both the genes. Only 4 (2.90 %) E. coli isolates carried bla CTX-M-1 gene alone. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that all the isolates were carrying plasmids ranging between 0.9 and ~30 kb. Out of the seven isolates positive for bla CTX-M-1 and/or bla TEM , 2 (1.84 %) isolates were confirmed for bla CTX-M-1 gene in their plasmid. Only one E. coli isolate was found to be positive for both the genes in its plasmid. The resistance plasmid could not be transferred to a recipient by in vitro horizontal gene transfer method.
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Sonnevend Á, Ghazawi A, Al Munthari N, Pitout M, Hamadeh MB, Hashmey R, Girgis SK, Sheikh FA, Al Haj M, Nagelkerke N, Pál T. Characteristics of epidemic and sporadic strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Abu Dhabi hospitals. J Med Microbiol 2012; 62:582-590. [PMID: 23264451 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.055681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the antibiotic susceptibility, clonal lineages and resistance genes of singleton Acinetobacter baumannii strains to those of isolates representing repeatedly encountered molecular types in five Abu Dhabi hospitals. One hundred and ten clinically relevant, non-repeat strains were typed by blaOXA-51-like allele sequencing and by PFGE, and selected isolates also by MLST. Resistance was assessed by MIC determinations and by disc diffusion. Genotyping was carried out by PCR, targeting 28 genes. The 80 epidemic strains belonged to worldwide lineages 1, 2 and 7, representing 11 pulsotypes and 9 genotypes, while the 30 sporadic isolates exhibited a high level of genetic variability and, with the exception of a small subgroup, were not associated with any recognized epidemic lineages. All epidemic subtypes carried the ISAba1-linked blaOXA-23 gene, and harboured the int, the blaPER and the armA genes significantly more frequently than their sporadic counterparts. They were all multi-drug resistant, including non-susceptibility to carbepenems, and were often extensively drug resistant, a phenomenon rarely seen among sporadic strains. Epidemic strains represented 78.8 % of intensive care unit isolates, causing more respiratory infections, while sporadic strains were more frequently isolated from wound and soft tissue infections. The study showed that among strains collected at the same time and from the same region, the very heterogeneous, sensitive sporadic strains, with the exception of a few non-susceptible singleton isolates, clearly differed from the highly resistant epidemic ones, which belonged to multiple pulsotypes and genotypes clustered into three worldwide clonal lineages carrying blaOXA-64, blaOXA-66 and blaOXA-69, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Sonnevend
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Akela Ghazawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Noura Al Munthari
- Microbiology Laboratory, Al Rahba Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Martin Pitout
- Microbiology Laboratory, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, UAE
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohamed Al Haj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Nico Nagelkerke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Tibor Pál
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
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Breurec S, Guessennd N, Timinouni M, Le TAH, Cao V, Ngandjio A, Randrianirina F, Thiberge JM, Kinana A, Dufougeray A, Perrier-Gros-Claude JD, Boisier P, Garin B, Brisse S. Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins in five African and two Vietnamese major towns: multiclonal population structure with two major international clonal groups, CG15 and CG258. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 19:349-55. [PMID: 22390772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular epidemiology of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Klebsiella pneumoniae in developing countries is poorly documented. From February 2007 to March 2008, we collected 135 3GC-R K. pneumoniae isolates from seven major towns in Maghreb (Morocco), West Africa (Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire), Central Africa (Cameroon), East Africa (Madagascar) and Southeast Asia (Vietnam). Their genetic diversity, assessed by multilocus sequence typing, was high (60 sequence types), reflecting multiclonality. However, two major clonal groups, CG15 (n = 23, 17% of isolates) and CG258 (n = 18, 13%), were detected in almost all participating centres. The two major clonal groups have previously been described in other parts of the world, indicating their global spread. The high diversity of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR banding patterns at the local level indicates that most isolates were epidemiologically unrelated. The isolates were characterized by the presence of multiple resistance determinants, most notably the concomitant presence of the aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnr and blaCTX-M-15 genes in 61 isolates (45%) belonging to 31 sequence types. These isolates were detected across a large geographical area including Cameroon (n = 1), Vietnam (n = 4), Madagascar (n = 10), Côte d'Ivoire (n = 12), Morocco (n = 13) and Senegal (n = 21). These results have major implications for patient management and highlight a potential reservoir for resistance determinants.
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Rojas MVR, Matté MH, Dropa M, Silva MLD, Matté GR. Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters and mussels in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 53:201-5. [PMID: 21915463 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652011000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium, responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. Most of the clinical isolates produce thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) encoded by tdh and trh genes respectively. In this study, twenty-three V. parahaemolyticus, previously isolated from oysters and mussels were analyzed by PCR using specific primers for the 16S rRNA and virulence genes (tdh, trh and tlh) and for resistance to different classes of antibiotics and PFGE. Nineteen isolates were confirmed by PCR as V. parahaemolyticus. The tlh gene was present in 100% of isolates, the tdh gene was identified in two (10.5%) isolates, whereas the gene trh was not detected. Each isolate was resistant to at least one of the nine antimicrobials tested. Additionally, all isolates possessed the blaTEM-116 gene. The presence of this gene in V. parahaemolyticus indicates the possibility of spreading this gene in the environment. Atypical strains of V. parahaemolyticus were also detected in this study.
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Croxall G, Hale J, Weston V, Manning G, Cheetham P, Achtman M, McNally A. Molecular epidemiology of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from a regional cohort of elderly patients highlights the prevalence of ST131 strains with increased antimicrobial resistance in both community and hospital care settings. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2501-8. [PMID: 21862477 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the molecular epidemiology and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections of elderly patients from community and hospital settings. Also, to determine whether the possession of antibiotic resistance and virulence-associated genes can be linked to patient location or the clonal group of the organisms in question. METHODS E. coli were isolated from the urine samples of elderly patients from the Nottingham area, and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, virulence gene detection by PCR and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS No correlation was observed between community- or hospital-derived strains with regard to antibiotic resistance levels or virulence gene profiles. E. coli ST131 (where ST stands for sequence type) was the predominant ST found in both hospital and community samples, and demonstrated high levels of antibiotic resistance to the test panel, but did not possess a significantly larger array of virulence genes or a specific gene profile compared with other STs. CONCLUSIONS The level of antibiotic resistance or virulence gene possession in uropathogenic E. coli is not directly associated with the healthcare setting of the patient, but there is a variation in antibiotic resistance and virulence gene possession depending on clonal group. ST131 is highly virulent and demonstrates high levels of antibiotic resistance, but its virulence does not appear to be attributable to the possession of a specific virulence-associated gene set or the possession of any virulence-associated gene in significantly higher levels than in any other ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Croxall
- Pathogen Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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Siebor E, Neuwirth C. The new variant of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1-V) from a Proteus mirabilis French clinical isolate harbours blaVEB-6 and qnrA1 in the multiple antibiotic resistance region. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2513-20. [PMID: 21846670 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis VB1248 isolated from a blood culture in August 2009 was multiresistant (i.e. resistant to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and sulphonamides). We searched for the presence of a Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1). METHODS The whole genetic structure surrounding the genes involved in antibiotic resistance was characterized by PCR or gene walking followed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS The new variant SGI1-V (42.9 kb) was located downstream of the thdF chromosomal gene. Genes sharing homology with phage-related genes were detected on a structure of 8.3 kb located between the right junction of the SGI1-V and the hipB/hipA genes. Some genetic rearrangements occurred in the SGI1-V backbone: an insertion of 2349 bp within the open reading frame (ORF) S014, and a deletion of 3766 bp in the region spanning from ORFs S021 to S025 leading to the lack of ORFs S023 and S024. The multidrug resistance (MDR) region of 17.1 kb was located on a complex class 1 integron extremely different from those described so far. The cassette array included aacA4, aadB and dhfrA1. Adjacent to this classical structure, bla(VEB-6) was found flanked by 135 bp elements and bracketed by two 3'-conserved segments (3'-CS). Downstream of the second copy of 3'-CS, the qnrA1 gene was associated with common region 1. CONCLUSIONS We have identified in P. mirabilis the new variant SGI1-V containing the bla(VEB-6) and qnrA1 genes in the MDR region. This is the first report of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding gene and a qnr determinant conferring resistance to quinolones on an SGI1-like structure. It might constitute a source of spread of resistance to other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Siebor
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Dijon, Plateau technique de Biologie, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon cedex, France
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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella species associated with acute diarrhea in Tehran, Iran. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2011; 20:e56-62. [PMID: 20808457 DOI: 10.1155/2009/341275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A study was performed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Shigella species and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates cultured from patients with acute diarrhea in Tehran, Iran. Between May 2003 and May 2005, 1120 diarrheal specimens were collected and assayed for bacterial enteropathogens by conventional and molecular methods. Etiological agents were isolated from 564 (50.3%) specimens, and included 305 (54%) E coli, 157 (27.8%) Shigella species, and 102 (18%) from other genera of bacteria. The predominant E coli was Shiga toxin-producing E coli (105 isolates [34.5%]) and the predominant Shigella serotype was Shigella sonnei (88 isolates [56.1%]). A high rate of antibiotic resistance was observed among E coli, with 40 of 53 (75.5%) Shiga toxin-producing E coli isolates resistant to amoxicillin and tetra-cycline, and eight (5.2%) E coli isolates resistant to more than six antibiotics. Most Shigella isolates were resistant to tetracycline (95%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (91.7%), with greatest antibiotic resistance observed among S sonnei (53 of 88 [60.2%] isolates). Antibiotic resistance is widespread in diarrheagenic E coli and Shigella in children with acute diarrhea in Tehran, Iran; hence, updated strategies for appropriate use of antimicrobial agents in Iran are needed.
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Distribución de genes codificadores de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido en aislamientos de Klebsiella pneumoniae de hospitales de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. BIOMEDICA 2011. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v31i1.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mohamudha Parveen R, Manivannan S, Harish BN, Parija SC. Study of CTX-M Type of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase among Nosocomial Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in South India. Indian J Microbiol 2011; 52:35-40. [PMID: 23449681 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on CTX-M type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) produced by Gram-negative bacteria by molecular methods are limited from India. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of CTX-M type ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from nosocomial isolates in a tertiary care hospital in southern India. A total of 179 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae (n = 72) and E. coli (n = 107) were obtained in a period of 3 months and assessed for ESBL production phenotypically. Associated resistance to a panel of antibiotics and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for 3rd generation cephalosporins was determined. Phenotypically ESBL positive isolates were subjected to PCR for blaCTX-M gene using two sets of primers for the simultaneous detection of all the five major groups of CTX-M types. All the positive isolates were then subjected to a group specific PCR to detect the prevalent group. Out of 179 isolates, 156 (87.1%) were positive for ESBL phenotypically, which includes 39.2% of K. pneumoniae and 60.8% of E. coli. All of them were examined by PCR using two primers for the presence of blaCTX-M genes. Among the 156 phenotypic positive isolates, 124 (79.4%) were positive for blaCTX-M genes, of which 45 (36.2%) were K. pneumoniae, 79 (63.7%) were E. coli. When the 124 positive clinical isolates were further tested with CTX-M group-specific primers, all were positive for the CTX-M-1 group. Our findings document evidence of the high prevalence of multidrug resistant CTX-M group 1 type ESBL among nosocomial isolates in this region. High co-resistance to other non-β-lactam antibiotics is a major challenge for management of ESBL infections. This is alarming and calls for the judicious use of carbapenems, especially in developing countries. This has significant implications for patient management, and indicates the need for increased surveillance and for further molecular characterization of these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mohamudha Parveen
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605006 India
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Müller S, Oesterlein A, Frosch M, Abele-Horn M, Valenza G. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and qnr plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in German isolates of Enterobacter species. Microb Drug Resist 2010; 17:99-103. [PMID: 21190474 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2010.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance patterns of 100 clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp. with special regard to the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance by qnr-determinants. The rate of ESBL- and qnr-positive isolates was 7% and 14%, respectively. Thirteen isolates harbored a qnrA1, and a further isolate harbored a qnrB4 gene. Moreover, qnr-determinants were significantly associated with ESBL-expression. No carbapeneme or tigecycline resistance was detected in the collective tested. To conclude, these data confirm the increase of multiple antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Enterobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Müller
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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