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Nikolova C, Morris G, Ellis D, Bowler B, Jones M, Mulloy B, Gutierrez T. Characterization of the surface-active exopolysaccharide produced by Halomonas sp TGOS-10: Understanding its role in the formation of marine oil snow. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299235. [PMID: 38805414 PMCID: PMC11132480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterize the exopolymer produced by Halomonas sp. strain TGOS-10 -one of the organisms found enriched in sea surface oil slicks during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The polymer was produced during the early stationary phase of growth in Zobell's 2216 marine medium amended with glucose. Chemical and proton NMR analysis showed it to be a relatively monodisperse, high-molecular-mass (6,440,000 g/mol) glycoprotein composed largely of protein (46.6% of total dry weight of polymer). The monosaccharide composition of the polymer is typical to that of other marine bacterial exopolymers which are generally rich in hexoses, with the notable exception that it contained mannose (commonly found in yeast) as a major monosaccharide. The polymer was found to act as an oil dispersant based on its ability to effectively emulsify pure and complex oils into stable oil emulsions-a function we suspect to be conferred by the high protein content and high ratio of total hydrophobic nonpolar to polar amino acids (52.7:11.2) of the polymer. The polymer's chemical composition, which is akin to that of other marine exopolymers also having a high protein-to-carbohydrate (P/C) content, and which have been shown to effect the rapid and non-ionic aggregation of marine gels, appears indicative of effecting marine oil snow (MOS) formation. We previously reported the strain capable of utilising aromatic hydrocarbons when supplied as single carbon sources. However, here we did not detect biodegradation of these chemicals within a complex (surrogate Macondo) oil, suggesting that the observed enrichment of this organism during the Deepwater Horizon spill may be explained by factors related to substrate availability and competition within the complex and dynamic microbial communities that were continuously evolving during that spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Nikolova
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - David Ellis
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Bowler
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Jones
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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2
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Liu W, Xing X, Dong Q, Liu X, Li W. Isolation and identification of the alga-symbiotic bacterium Gordonia and characterisation of its exopolysaccharide. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:523-529. [PMID: 36102747 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacterium TD18, isolated from the culture broth of green alga Scenedesmus obliquus, was identified as Gordonia terrae based on the 100% identity of 16S rRNA sequences and designated Gordonia terrae TD18. The results of compositional and structural analyses and physiochemical tests show that (1) the exopolysaccharide produced by G. terrae TD18 (TD18-EPS) is an acidic hetero-polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 23 kDa, consisting of glucose, mannose, galactose and glucuronic acid, and (2) TD18-EPS is of high thermal stability with a degradation temperature of 308 °C, the solution of which is non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid exhibiting good emulsifying properties over a wide range of temperatures, pH and NaCl concentrations. Hence, Gordonia terrae TD18 is the first alga-symbiotic Gordonia strain identified thus far, while TD18-EPS is unique in terms of composition and structure, different from the known Gordonia EPS, with excellent physiochemical properties and thus has potential applications in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangying Xing
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinglin Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenna Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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3
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Zhou S, An W, Zhao K, Lin L, Yang S, Zhang Y, Xu M. Protection of electroactive biofilms against hypersaline shock by quorum sensing. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119823. [PMID: 36871386 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is an ideal strategy for boosting the operating performance of electroactive biofilms (EABs), but its potential effects on the protection of electroactive biofilms against environmental shocks (e.g., hypersaline shock) have been rarely revealed. In this study, a QS signaling molecule, the N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, was employed to promote the anti-shock property of the EABs against extreme saline shock. The maximum current density of the QS-regulated biofilm recovered to 0.17 mA/cm2 after 10% salinity exposure, which was much higher than those of its counterparts. The laser scanning confocal microscope confirmed a thicker and more compact biofilm with the presence of the QS signaling molecule. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) might play a crucial role in the anti-shocking behaviors, as the polysaccharides in EPS of QS-biofilm had doubled compared to the groups with acylase (the QS quencher). The microbial community analysis indicated that the QS molecule enriched the relative abundance of key species including Pseudomonas sp. and Geobacter sp., which were both beneficial to the stability and electroactivity of the biofilms. The functional genes related to the bacterial community were also up-regulated with the presence of the QS molecule. These results highlight the importance of QS effects in protecting electroactive biofilm under extreme environmental shock, which provides effective and feasible strategies for the future development of microbial electrochemical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenwen An
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Kexin Zhao
- Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lizhou Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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4
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The role of microplastics biofilm in accumulation of trace metals in aquatic environments. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:117. [PMID: 35597812 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics are one of the major contaminants of aquatic nature where they can interact with organic and inorganic pollutants, including trace metals, and adsorb them. At the same time, after the microplastics have entered the aquatic environments, they are quickly covered with a biofilm - microorganisms which are able to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that can facilitate sorption of trace metals from surrounding water. The microbial community of biofilm contains bacteria which synthesizes EPS with antimicrobial activity making them more competitive than other microbial inhabitants. The trace metal trapping by bacterial EPS can inhibit the development of certain microorganisms, therefore, a single microparticle participates in complex interactions of the diverse elements surrounding it. The presented review aims to consider the variety of interactions associated with the adsorption of trace metal ions on the surface of microplastics covered with biofilm, the fate of such microplastics and the ever-increasing risk to the environment caused by the combination of these large-scale pollutants - microplastics and trace metals. Since aquatic pollution problems affect the entire planet, strict regulation of the production, use, and disposal of plastic materials is needed to mitigate the effects of this emerging pollutant and its complexes could have on the environment and human health.
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Singh V, Waris Z, Banat IM, Saha S, Padmanabhan P. Assessment of Rheological Behaviour of Water-in-Oil Emulsions Mediated by Glycolipid Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus megaterium SPSW1001. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1310-1326. [PMID: 34694553 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A screening programme using mineral salt medium supplemented with n-hexadecane resulted in isolating a Bacillus megaterium SPSW1001 which was capable of producing surface active molecules lowering culture medium surface tension to 27.43 ± 0.029 mN/m and interfacial tension to 0.38 ± 0.03 mN/m at 72 h and an emulsification index (E24) (85.63%). The biosurfactant product was further used to assess its effects on the rheological characteristics of water-in-oil emulsion prepared with engine oil. Structural characterization of the biosurfactant product by FTIR revealed a C-O-C stretch in sugar moiety and ester carbonyl linkage group between sugar and fatty acids, respectively, while mass spectral analysis revealed its glycolipid nature, with an m/z value of 662.44. The fluid behaviour of water-in-oil emulsion showed a non-Newtonian viscoelastic dilatant flow after yielding exemplified appropriately by Herschel-Bulkley model with 100% confidence of fit. The present study is significant in formulation and handling, processing, and transport of emulsion and in understanding flocculation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Singh
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Zairah Waris
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sriparna Saha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India
| | - Padmini Padmanabhan
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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Zan S, Lv J, Li Z, Cai Y, Wang Z, Wang J. Genomic insights into Pseudoalteromonas sp. JSTW coping with petroleum-heavy metals combined pollution. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:947-957. [PMID: 34387369 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide marine compound contamination by petroleum products and heavy metals is a burgeoning environmental concern. Pseudoalteromonas, prevalently distributed in marine environment, has been proven to degrade petroleum and plays an essential role in the fate of oil pollution under the combined pollution. Nevertheless, the research on the reference genes is still incomplete. Therefore, this study aims to thoroughly investigate the reference genes represented by Pseudoalteromonas sp. JSTW via whole-genome sequencing. Next-generation sequencing technology unfolded a genome of 4,026,258 bp, database including Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were utilized to annotate the genes and metabolic pathways conferring to petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. The results show that common alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation genes (alkB, ligB, yqhD, and ladA), chemotaxis gene (MCP, cheA, cheB, pcaY, and pcaR), heavy-metal resistance, and biofilm genes (σ54, merC, pcoA, copB, etc.) were observed in whole-genome sequence (WGS) of JSTW, which indicated that strain JSTW could potentially cope with combined pollution. The degradation efficiency of naphthalene in 60 h by JSTW was 99% without Cu2+ and 67% with 400 mg L-1 Cu2+ . Comparative genome analysis revealed that genomes of Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain LEMB 39 and Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis strain HJ51 shared similarity with strain JSTW, suggesting they are also the potential degradater of petroleum hydrocarbons under combined pollution. Therefore, this study provides a WGS annotation and reveals the mechanism of response to combined pollution of Pseudoalteromonas sp. JSTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Zan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jingping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zelong Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yingxue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zongcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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7
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Torabi P, Hamdami N, Keramat J. Microwave-assisted extraction of sodium alginate from brown macroalgae Nizimuddinia zanardini, optimization and physicochemical properties. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1954020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Torabi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasser Hamdami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Keramat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Abka Khajouei R, Keramat J, Hamdami N, Ursu AV, Delattre C, Gardarin C, Lecerf D, Desbrières J, Djelveh G, Michaud P. Effect of high voltage electrode discharge on the physicochemical characteristics of alginate extracted from an Iranian brown seaweed (Nizimuddinia zanardini). ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Markande AR, Patel D, Varjani S. A review on biosurfactants: properties, applications and current developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124963. [PMID: 33744735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial surfactants are a large number of amphipathic biomolecules with a myriad of biomolecule constituents from various microbial sources that have been studied for their surface tension reduction activities. With unique properties, their applications have been increased in different areas including environment, medicine, healthcare, agriculture and industries. The present review aims to study the biochemistry and biosynthesis of biosurfactants exhibiting varying biomolecular structures which are produced by different microbial sources. It also provides details on roles played by biosurfactants in nature as well as their potential applications in various sectors. Basic biomolecule content of all the biosurfactants studied showed presence of carbohydrates, aminoacids, lipids and fattyacids. The data presented here would help in designing, synthesis and application of tailor-made novel biosurfactants. This would pave a way for perspectives of research on biosurfactants to overcome the existing bottlenecks in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop R Markande
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa - 388 421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Divya Patel
- Multi-disciplinary Research Unit, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research, Surat 395010, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India.
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Rheological and emulsifying properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by potential probiotic Leuconostoc citreum-BMS strain. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Nikolova C, Gutierrez T. Biosurfactants and Their Applications in the Oil and Gas Industry: Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:626639. [PMID: 33659240 PMCID: PMC7917263 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.626639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are a group of amphiphilic chemical compounds (i.e., having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains) that form an indispensable component in almost every sector of modern industry. Their significance is evidenced from the enormous volumes that are used and wide diversity of applications they are used in, ranging from food and beverage, agriculture, public health, healthcare/medicine, textiles, and bioremediation. A major drive in recent decades has been toward the discovery of surfactants from biological/natural sources-namely bio-surfactants-as most surfactants that are used today for industrial applications are synthetically-manufactured via organo-chemical synthesis using petrochemicals as precursors. This is problematic, not only because they are derived from non-renewable resources, but also because of their environmental incompatibility and potential toxicological effects to humans and other organisms. This is timely as one of today's key challenges is to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas) and to move toward using renewable and sustainable sources. Considering the enormous genetic diversity that microorganisms possess, they offer considerable promise in producing novel types of biosurfactants for replacing those that are produced from organo-chemical synthesis, and the marine environment offers enormous potential in this respect. In this review, we begin with an overview of the different types of microbial-produced biosurfactants and their applications. The remainder of this review discusses the current state of knowledge and trends in the usage of biosurfactants by the Oil and Gas industry for enhancing oil recovery from exhausted oil fields and as dispersants for combatting oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Abstract
Toxic metal contamination has serious effects on human health. Crude oil that may contain toxic metals and oil spills can further contaminate the environment and lead to increased exposure. This being the case, we chose to study the bio-production of inexpensive, environmentally safe materials for remediation. Streptomyces sp. MOE6 is a Gram-positive, filamentous bacterium from soil that produces an extracellular polysaccharide (MOE6-EPS). A one-factor-at-a-time experiments showed that the maximum production of MOE6-EPS was achieved at 35 °C, pH 6, after nine days of incubation with soluble starch and yeast extract as carbon sources and the latter as the nitrogen source. We demonstrated that MOE6-EPS has the capacity to remove toxic metals such as Co(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and U(VI) and from solution either by chelation and/or reduction. Additionally, the bacterium was found to produce siderophores, which contribute to the removal of metals, specifically Fe(III). Additionally, purified MOE6-EPS showed emulsifying activities against various hydrophobic substances, including olive oil, corn oil, benzene, toluene and engine oil. These results indicate that EPS from Streptomyces sp. MOE6 may be useful to sequester toxic metals and oil in contaminated environments.
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Fatima T, Arora NK. Pseudomonas entomophila PE3 and its exopolysaccharides as biostimulants for enhancing growth, yield and tolerance responses of sunflower under saline conditions. Microbiol Res 2020; 244:126671. [PMID: 33360750 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of plant growth promoting bacteria and the associated metabolites under saline conditions can be a potential eco-friendly remediation and productivity enhancement strategy. Salt-tolerant Pseudomonas entomophila PE3 was isolated from saline soil and screened for plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. The isolate produced indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), exopolysaccharides (EPS) and siderophore along with the potential to solubilize potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P). Maximum stimulation of PGP attributes was recorded at 2% NaCl concentration. To determine the role of EPS, their composition was analyzed (at different salt concentrations) and comparison was done to determine the changes upon exposure to salinity. EPS was found to be rich in carbohydrates, proteins and phenolic compounds. The extracted EPS were also found to possess salt-tolerance properties including antioxidant, hydroxyl scavenging activity, reducing power, emulsification and flocculation potential, and Na+ accumulation ability. Interestingly, the salt tolerance properties of EPS were enhanced upon exposure to salinity (2% NaCl). Finally, EPS based bioformulation of isolate PE3 was checked through field assay in saline soil. With promising results on growth promotion and improved salinity tolerance attributes of inoculated sunflower plants, the bioformulation of PE3 amended with EPS can be a breakthrough for remediation of saline-agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmish Fatima
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, India.
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14
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Halim MA, Rahman MM, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Cadmium Immobilization in the Rhizosphere and Plant Cellular Detoxification: Role of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as a Sustainable Solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13497-13529. [PMID: 33170689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food is the major cadmium (Cd)-exposure pathway from agricultural soils to humans and other living entities and must be reduced in an effective way. A plant can select beneficial microbes, like plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), depending upon the nature of root exudates in the rhizosphere, for its own benefits, such as plant growth promotion as well as protection from metal toxicity. This review intends to seek out information on the rhizo-immobilization of Cd in polluted soils using the PGPR along with plant nutrient fertilizers. This review suggests that the rhizo-immobilization of Cd by a combination of PGPR and nanohybrid-based plant nutrient fertilizers would be a potential and sustainable technology for phytoavailable Cd immobilization in the rhizosphere and plant cellular detoxification, by keeping the plant nutrition flow and green dynamics of plant nutrition and boosting the plant growth and development under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Halim
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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15
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Biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci: A versatile mixture with interesting emulsifying properties. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Dell'Anno F, Brunet C, van Zyl LJ, Trindade M, Golyshin PN, Dell'Anno A, Ianora A, Sansone C. Degradation of Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metal Reduction by Marine Bacteria in Highly Contaminated Sediments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1402. [PMID: 32933071 PMCID: PMC7564820 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on the ability of bacteria to enhance removal of hydrocarbons and reduce heavy metal toxicity in sediments are necessary to design more effective bioremediation strategies. In this study, five bacterial strains, Halomonas sp. SZN1, Alcanivorax sp. SZN2, Pseudoalteromonas sp. SZN3, Epibacterium sp. SZN4, and Virgibacillus sp. SZN7, were isolated from polluted sediments from an abandoned industrial site in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, and tested for their bioremediation efficiency on sediment samples collected from the same site. These bacteria were added as consortia or as individual cultures into polluted sediments to assess biodegradation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal immobilisation capacity. Our results indicate that these bacteria were able to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with a removal rate up to ca. 80% for dibenzo-anthracene. In addition, these bacteria reduced arsenic, lead, and cadmium mobility by promoting their partitioning into less mobile and bioavailable fractions. Microbial consortia generally showed higher performance toward pollutants as compared with pure isolates, suggesting potential synergistic interactions able to enhance bioremediation capacity. Overall, our findings suggest that highly polluted sediments select for bacteria efficient at reducing the toxicity of hazardous compounds, paving the way for scaled-up bioremediation trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Dell'Anno
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie Marine, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie Marine, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Leonardo Joaquim van Zyl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marla Trindade
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology (CEB), School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Antonio Dell'Anno
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie Marine, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie Marine, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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17
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Structural characterization and functional properties of novel exopolysaccharide from the extremely halotolerant Halomonas elongata S6. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:95-104. [PMID: 32673722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Production of extracellular polysaccharides by halophilic Archaea and Bacteria has been widely reported and the members of the genus Halomonas have been identified as the most potential producers. In the present work, a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS-S6) produced by the extremely halotolerant newly isolated Halomonas elongata strain S6, was characterized. According to the HPAE-PAD results, EPS-S6 was mainly composed of glucosamine, mannose, rhamnose and glucose (1:0.9:0.7:0.3). EPS-S6 was highly negatively charged and its molecular weight was about 270 kDa. Studies on its functional properties showed that EPS-S6 had several potential features. It has noticeable antioxidant activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) inhibition and DNA protection, good ability to inhibit and to disrupt pathogenic biofilms, excellent flocculation of kaolin suspension and interesting emulsifying properties at acidic, neutral and basic pH. Therefore, EPS-S6 could have potential biotechnological concern in several fields such as in food, cosmetic and environmental industries.
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18
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Sudmalis D, Mubita TM, Gagliano MC, Dinis E, Zeeman G, Rijnaarts HHM, Temmink H. Cation exchange membrane behaviour of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in salt adapted granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 178:115855. [PMID: 32375109 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to elucidate the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in regulating anion and cation concentrations and toxicity towards microorganisms in anaerobic granular sludges adapted to low (0.22 M of Na+) and high salinity (0.87 M of Na+). The ion exchange properties of EPS were studied with a novel approach, where EPS were entangled with an inert binder (PVDF-HFP) to form a membrane and characterized in an electrodialysis cell. With a mixture of NaCl and KCl salts the EPS membrane was shown to act as a cation exchange membrane (CEM) with a current efficiency of ∼80%, meaning that EPS do not behave as ideal CEM. Surprisingly, the membrane had selectivity for transport of K+ compared to Na+ with a separation factor ( [Formula: see text] ) of 1.3. These properties were compared to a layer prepared from a model compound of EPS (alginate) and a commercial CEM. The alginate layer had a similar current efficiency (∼80%.), but even higher [Formula: see text] of 1.9, while the commercial CEM did not show selectivity towards K+ or Na+, but exhibited the highest current efficiency of 92%. The selectivity of EPS and alginate towards K+ transport has interesting potential applications for ion separation from water streams and should be further investigated. The anion repelling and cation binding properties of EPS in hydrated and dehydrated granules were further confirmed with microscopy (SEM-EDX, epifluorescence) and ion chromatography (ICP-OES, IC) techniques. Results of specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests conducted with 0.22 and 0.87 M Na+ adapted granular sludges and with various monovalent salts suggested that ions which are preferentially transported by EPS are also more toxic towards methanogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sudmalis
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - T M Mubita
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, MA, 8911, the Netherlands
| | - M C Gagliano
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, MA, 8911, the Netherlands
| | - E Dinis
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, MA, 8911, the Netherlands
| | - G Zeeman
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H H M Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Temmink
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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19
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Anestopoulos I, Kiousi DE, Klavaris A, Maijo M, Serpico A, Suarez A, Sanchez G, Salek K, Chasapi SA, Zompra AA, Galanis A, Spyroulias GA, Gombau L, Euston SR, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Marine-Derived Surface Active Agents: Health-Promoting Properties and Blue Biotechnology-Based Applications. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E885. [PMID: 32526944 PMCID: PMC7355491 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface active agents are characterized for their capacity to adsorb to fluid and solid-water interfaces. They can be classified as surfactants and emulsifiers based on their molecular weight (MW) and properties. Over the years, the chemical surfactant industry has been rapidly increasing to meet consumer demands. Consequently, such a boost has led to the search for more sustainable and biodegradable alternatives, as chemical surfactants are non-biodegradable, thus causing an adverse effect on the environment. To these ends, many microbial and/or marine-derived molecules have been shown to possess various biological properties that could allow manufacturers to make additional health-promoting claims for their products. Our aim, in this review article, is to provide up to date information of critical health-promoting properties of these molecules and their use in blue-based biotechnology (i.e., biotechnology using aquatic organisms) with a focus on food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical/biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Despina-Evgenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Ariel Klavaris
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Monica Maijo
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Annabel Serpico
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Alba Suarez
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Guiomar Sanchez
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Karina Salek
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Stylliani A. Chasapi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece; (S.A.C.); (A.A.Z.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Aikaterini A. Zompra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece; (S.A.C.); (A.A.Z.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Georgios A. Spyroulias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece; (S.A.C.); (A.A.Z.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Lourdes Gombau
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Stephen R. Euston
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
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20
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Gutierrez T, Morris G, Ellis D, Mulloy B, Aitken MD. Production and characterisation of a marine Halomonas surface-active exopolymer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1063-1076. [PMID: 31813048 PMCID: PMC6962145 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During screening for novel emulsifiers and surfactants, a marine gammaproteobacterium, Halomonas sp. MCTG39a, was isolated and selected for its production of an extracellular emulsifying agent, P39a. This polymer was produced by the new isolate during growth in a modified Zobell’s 2216 medium amended with 1% glucose, and was extractable by cold ethanol precipitation. Chemical, chromatographic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis confirmed P39a to be a high-molecular-weight (~ 261,000 g/mol) glycoprotein composed of carbohydrate (17.2%) and protein (36.4%). The polymer exhibited high emulsifying activities against a range of oil substrates that included straight-chain aliphatics, mono- and alkyl- aromatics and cycloparaffins. In general, higher emulsification values were measured under low (0.1 M PBS) compared to high (synthetic seawater) ionic strength conditions, indicating that low ionic strength is more favourable for emulsification by the P39a polymer. However, as observed with other bacterial emulsifying agents, the polymer emulsified some aromatic hydrocarbon species, as well as refined and crude oils, more effectively under high ionic strength conditions, which we posit could be due to steric adsorption to these substrates as may be conferred by the protein fraction of the polymer. Furthermore, the polymer effected a positive influence on the degradation of phenanthrene by other marine bacteria, such as the specialist PAH-degrader Polycyclovorans algicola. Collectively, based on the ability of this Halomonas high-molecular-weight glycoprotein to emulsify a range of pure hydrocarbon species, as well as refined and crude oils, it shows promise for the bioremediation of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. .,Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health,, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Gordon Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Dave Ellis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences (ICS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael D Aitken
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health,, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Bacteria as a Source of Glycosaminoglycan-Mimetic Exopolysaccharides. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091703. [PMID: 31052416 PMCID: PMC6539532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have developed a unique strategy to survive in extreme environmental conditions through the synthesis of an extracellular polymeric matrix conferring upon the cells a protective microenvironment. The main structural component of this complex network constitutes high-molecular weight hydrophilic macromolecules, namely exopolysaccharides (EPS). EPS composition with the presence of particular chemical features may closely be related to the specific conditions in which bacteria evolve. Deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria have already been shown to produce EPS rich in hexosamines and uronic acids, frequently bearing some sulfate groups. Such a particular composition ensures interesting functional properties, including biological activities mimicking those known for glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The aim of the present study was to go further into the exploration of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) collection of bacteria to discover new strains able to excrete EPS endowed with GAG-like structural features. After the screening of our whole collection containing 692 strains, 38 bacteria have been selected for EPS production at the laboratory scale. EPS-producing strains were identified according to 16S rDNA phylogeny. Chemical characterization of the obtained EPS highlighted their high chemical diversity with the presence of atypical compositional patterns. These EPS constitute potential bioactives for a number of biomedical applications, including regenerative medicines and cancer treatment.
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22
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Suja LD, Chen X, Summers S, Paterson DM, Gutierrez T. Chemical Dispersant Enhances Microbial Exopolymer (EPS) Production and Formation of Marine Oil/Dispersant Snow in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:553. [PMID: 30949150 PMCID: PMC6435573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A notable feature of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was the unprecedented formation of marine oil snow (MOS) that was observed in large quantities floating on the sea surface and that subsequently sedimented to the seafloor. Whilst the physical and chemical processes involved in MOS formation remain unclear, some studies have shown that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a role in this process. Here, we report that during exposure of subarctic northeast Atlantic seawater to a chemical dispersant, whether in the presence/absence of crude oil, the dispersant stimulates the production of significant quantities of EPS that we posit serves as a key building block in the formation of MOS. This response is likely conferred via de novo synthesis of EPS by natural communities of bacteria. We also describe the formation of marine dispersant snow (MDS) as a product of adding chemical dispersants to seawater. Differential staining confirmed that MDS, like MOS, is composed of glycoprotein, though MDS is more protein rich. Using barcoded-amplicon Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we analyzed, for the first time, the bacterial communities associated with MDS and report that their diversity is not significantly dissimilar to those associated with MOS aggregates. Our findings emphasize the need to conduct further work on the effects of dispersants when applied to oil spills at sea, particularly at different sites, and to determine how the product of this (i.e., MOS and MDS) affects the biodegradation of the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Duran Suja
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xindi Chen
- School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.,College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephen Summers
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Paterson
- School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Sharma RS, Karmakar S, Kumar P, Mishra V. Application of filamentous phages in environment: A tectonic shift in the science and practice of ecorestoration. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2263-2304. [PMID: 30847110 PMCID: PMC6392359 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories in soil biology, such as plant-microbe interactions and microbial cooperation and antagonism, have guided the practice of ecological restoration (ecorestoration). Below-ground biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, etc.) influences the development of above-ground biodiversity (vegetation structure). The role of rhizosphere bacteria in plant growth has been largely investigated but the role of phages (bacterial viruses) has received a little attention. Below the ground, phages govern the ecology and evolution of microbial communities by affecting genetic diversity, host fitness, population dynamics, community composition, and nutrient cycling. However, few restoration efforts take into account the interactions between bacteria and phages. Unlike other phages, filamentous phages are highly specific, nonlethal, and influence host fitness in several ways, which make them useful as target bacterial inocula. Also, the ease with which filamentous phages can be genetically manipulated to express a desired peptide to track and control pathogens and contaminants makes them useful in biosensing. Based on ecology and biology of filamentous phages, we developed a hypothesis on the application of phages in environment to derive benefits at different levels of biological organization ranging from individual bacteria to ecosystem for ecorestoration. We examined the potential applications of filamentous phages in improving bacterial inocula to restore vegetation and to monitor changes in habitat during ecorestoration and, based on our results, recommend a reorientation of the existing framework of using microbial inocula for such restoration and monitoring. Because bacterial inocula and biomonitoring tools based on filamentous phages are likely to prove useful in developing cost-effective methods of restoring vegetation, we propose that filamentous phages be incorporated into nature-based restoration efforts and that the tripartite relationship between phages, bacteria, and plants be explored further. Possible impacts of filamentous phages on native microflora are discussed and future areas of research are suggested to preclude any potential risks associated with such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Swagata Karmakar
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
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24
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Peptide stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles derived from the mangrove isolate Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica mediate dye decolorization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Eexopolysaccharide production of Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH: Physical characterizations, emulsification, and antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1103-1111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Vidhyalakshmi R, Valli Nachiyar C, Narendra Kumar G, Sunkar S, Badsha I. Production, characterization and emulsifying property of exopolysaccharide produced by marine isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Gutierrez T, Morris G, Ellis D, Bowler B, Jones M, Salek K, Mulloy B, Teske A. Hydrocarbon-degradation and MOS-formation capabilities of the dominant bacteria enriched in sea surface oil slicks during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:205-215. [PMID: 30301032 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A distinctive feature of the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill was the formation of significant quantities of marine oil snow (MOS), for which the mechanism(s) underlying its formation remain unresolved. Here, we show that Alteromonas strain TK-46(2), Pseudoalteromonas strain TK-105 and Cycloclasticus TK-8 - organisms that became enriched in sea surface oil slicks during the spill - contributed to the formation of MOS and/or dispersion of the oil. In roller-bottle incubations, Alteromonas cells and their produced EPS yielded MOS, whereas Pseudoalteromonas and Cycloclasticus did not. Interestingly, the Cycloclasticus strain was able to degrade n-alkanes concomitantly with aromatics within the complex oil mixture, which is atypical for members of this genus. Our findings, for the first time, provide direct evidence on the hydrocarbon-degrading capabilities for these bacteria enriched during the DwH spill, and that bacterial cells of certain species and their produced EPS played a direct role in MOS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Gordon Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Dave Ellis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences (ICS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bernard Bowler
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin Jones
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karina Salek
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Laboratory for Molecular Structure, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Andreas Teske
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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28
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Gutierrez T, Teske A, Ziervogel K, Passow U, Quigg A. Editorial: Microbial Exopolymers: Sources, Chemico-Physiological Properties, and Ecosystem Effects in the Marine Environment. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1822. [PMID: 30135683 PMCID: PMC6092484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Teske
- UNC Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kai Ziervogel
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Uta Passow
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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29
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Trabelsi I, Ktari N, Triki M, Bkhairia I, Ben Slima S, Sassi Aydi S, Aydi S, Abdeslam A, Ben Salah R. Physicochemical, techno-functional, and antioxidant properties of a novel bacterial exopolysaccharide in cooked beef sausage. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:11-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sánchez-Vázquez V, Shirai K, González I, Gutiérrez-Rojas M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-emulsifier protein produced by Aspergillus brasiliensis (niger) in an airlift bioreactor following an electrochemical pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:408-413. [PMID: 29477078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An emulsifier protein (EP) was produced and easily separated from oil-contaminated water as an economical substrate when Aspergillus brasiliensis, pretreated in a solid state culture with a controlled electric field, was used in an airlift bioreactor. The hydrocarbon-EP comprised 19.5% of the total protein, its purification enhanced the specific emulsifying activity (EA) seven times. The influence of operational conditions (pH and salt concentration) on the EA were assessed to characterise the emulsion stability. The EA was increased by 19% in alkaline environments (pH 7-11), but it was not affected by the presence of salt (0-35 g L-1). On the other hand, preheating the EP samples (60 °C) enhanced the EA by 2.5 times. Based on analysis of its EA, this EP can be applied as a bioremediation enhancer in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sánchez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, México D.F. C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - Keiko Shirai
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, México D.F. C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - Ignacio González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, México D.F. C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - Mariano Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, México D.F. C.P. 09340, Mexico.
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Exopolysaccharides from Marine and Marine Extremophilic Bacteria: Structures, Properties, Ecological Roles and Applications. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16020069. [PMID: 29461505 PMCID: PMC5852497 DOI: 10.3390/md16020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is the largest aquatic ecosystem on Earth and it harbours microorganisms responsible for more than 50% of total biomass of prokaryotes in the world. All these microorganisms produce extracellular polymers that constitute a substantial part of the dissolved organic carbon, often in the form of exopolysaccharides (EPS). In addition, the production of these polymers is often correlated to the establishment of the biofilm growth mode, during which they are important matrix components. Their functions include adhesion and colonization of surfaces, protection of the bacterial cells and support for biochemical interactions between the bacteria and the surrounding environment. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the status of the research about the structures of exopolysaccharides from marine bacteria, including capsular, medium released and biofilm embedded polysaccharides. Moreover, ecological roles of these polymers, especially for those isolated from extreme ecological niches (deep-sea hydrothermal vents, polar regions, hypersaline ponds, etc.), are reported. Finally, relationships between the structure and the function of the exopolysaccharides are discussed.
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Production and Biotechnological Potential of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Sponge-Associated Antarctic Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01624-17. [PMID: 29180360 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01624-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Four sponge-associated Antarctic bacteria (i.e., Winogradskyella sp. strains CAL384 and CAL396, Colwellia sp. strain GW185, and Shewanella sp. strain CAL606) were selected for the highly mucous appearance of their colonies on agar plates. The production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) was enhanced by a step-by-step approach, varying the carbon source, substrate and NaCl concentrations, temperature, and pH. The EPSs produced under optimal conditions were chemically characterized, resulting in a moderate carbohydrate content (range, 15 to 28%) and the presence of proteins (range, 3 to 24%) and uronic acids (range, 3.2 to 11.9%). Chemical hydrolysis of the carbohydrate portion revealed galactose, glucose, galactosamine, and mannose as the principal constituents. The potential biotechnological applications of the EPSs were also investigated. The high protein content in the EPSs from Winogradskyella sp. CAL384 was probably responsible for the excellent emulsifying activity toward tested hydrocarbons, with a stable emulsification index (E24) higher than those recorded for synthetic surfactants. All the EPSs tested in this work improved the freeze-thaw survival ratio of the isolates, suggesting that they may be exploited as cryoprotection agents. The addition of a sugar in the culture medium, by stimulating EPS production, also allowed isolates to grow in the presence of higher concentrations of mercury and cadmium. This finding was probably dependent on the presence of uronic acids and sulfate groups, which can act as ligands for cations, in the extracted EPSs.IMPORTANCE To date, biological matrices have never been employed for the investigation of EPS production by Antarctic psychrotolerant marine bacteria. The biotechnological potential of extracellular polymeric substances produced by Antarctic bacteria is very broad and comprises many advantages, due to their biodegradability, high selectivity, and specific action compared to synthetic molecules. Here, several interesting EPS properties have been highlighted, such as emulsifying activity, cryoprotection, biofilm formation, and heavy metal chelation, suggesting their potential applications in cosmetic, environmental, and food biotechnological fields as valid alternatives to the commercial polymers currently used.
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Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Varenganayil MM, Decho AW, Waltimo T, Braissant O. Exopolysaccharides regulate calcium flow in cariogenic biofilms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186256. [PMID: 29023506 PMCID: PMC5638444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caries-associated biofilms induce loss of calcium from tooth surfaces in the presence of dietary carbohydrates. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) provide a matrix scaffold and an abundance of primary binding sites within biofilms. The role of EPS in binding calcium in cariogenic biofilms is only partially understood. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the calcium dissolution rates and calcium tolerance of caries-associated bacteria and yeast as well as to examine the properties of EPS to quantify its binding affinity for dissolved calcium. Calcium dissolution was measured by dissolution zones on Pikovskaya's agar. Calcium tolerance was assessed by isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) by adding CaCl2 to the bacterial cultures. Acid-base titration and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to identify possible functional groups responsible for calcium binding, which was assessed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Lactobacillus spp. and mutans streptococci demonstrated calcium dissolution in the presence of different carbohydrates. All strains that demonstrated high dissolution rates also revealed higher rates of calcium tolerance by IMC. In addition, acidic functional groups were predominantly identified as possible binding sites for calcium ions by acid-base titration and FTIR. Finally, ITC revealed EPS to have a higher binding affinity for calcium compared, for example, to lactic acid. In conclusion, this study illustrates the role of EPS in terms of the calcium tolerance of cariogenic microbiota by determining the ability of EPS to control free calcium concentrations within the biofilms as a self-regulating mode of action in the pathogenesis of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Oral Microbiology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Muth M. Varenganayil
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Oral Microbiology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alan W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Oral Microbiology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Center of Biomechanics & Biocalorimetry, c/o Department Biomedical Engineering (DBE), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
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Echavarri-Bravo V, Paterson L, Aspray TJ, Porter JS, Winson MK, Hartl MGJ. Natural marine bacteria as model organisms for the hazard-assessment of consumer products containing silver nanoparticles. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 130:293-302. [PMID: 28867133 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scarce information is available regarding the fate and toxicology of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the marine environment, especially when compared to other environmental compartments. Hence, the antibacterial activity of the NM-300 AgNPs (OECD programme) and a household product containing colloidal AgNPs (Mesosilver) was investigated using marine bacteria, pure cultures and natural mixed populations (microcosm approach). Bacterial susceptibility to AgNPs was species-specific, with Gram negative bacteria being more resistant than the Gram positive species (NM-300 concentration used ranged between 0.062 and 1.5 mg L-1), and the Mesosilver product was more toxic than the NM-300. Bacterial viability and the physiological status (O2 uptake measured by respirometry) of the microbial community in the microcosm was negatively affected at an initial concentration of 1 mg L-1 NM-300. The high chloride concentrations in the media/seawater led to the formation of silver-chloro complexes thus enhancing AgNP toxicity. We recommend the use of natural marine bacteria as models when assessing the environmental relevant antibacterial properties of products containing nanosilver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Echavarri-Bravo
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Lynn Paterson
- SUPA, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas J Aspray
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanne S Porter
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK; Heriot Watt University, International Centre for Island Technology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Old Academy, Back Road, Stromness, Orkney KW16 3AW, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael K Winson
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark G J Hartl
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
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Decho AW, Gutierrez T. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPSs) in Ocean Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:922. [PMID: 28603518 PMCID: PMC5445292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells (i.e., bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes) in oceans secrete a diverse array of large molecules, collectively called extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) or simply exopolymers. These secretions facilitate attachment to surfaces that lead to the formation of structured 'biofilm' communities. In open-water environments, they also lead to formation of organic colloids, and larger aggregations of cells, called 'marine snow.' Secretion of EPS is now recognized as a fundamental microbial adaptation, occurring under many environmental conditions, and one that influences many ocean processes. This relatively recent realization has revolutionized our understanding of microbial impacts on ocean systems. EPS occur in a range of molecular sizes, conformations and physical/chemical properties, and polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and even nucleic acids are actively secreted components. Interestingly, however, the physical ultrastructure of how individual EPS interact with each other is poorly understood. Together, the EPS matrix molecules form a three-dimensional architecture from which cells may localize extracellular activities and conduct cooperative/antagonistic interactions that cannot be accomplished efficiently by free-living cells. EPS alter optical signatures of sediments and seawater, and are involved in biogeomineral precipitation and the construction of microbial macrostructures, and horizontal-transfers of genetic information. In the water-column, they contribute to the formation of marine snow, transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs), sea-surface microlayer biofilm, and marine oil snow. Excessive production of EPS occurs during later-stages of phytoplankton blooms as an excess metabolic by product and releases a carbon pool that transitions among dissolved-, colloidal-, and gel-states. Some EPS are highly labile carbon forms, while other forms appear quite refractory to degradation. Emerging studies suggest that EPS contribute to efficient trophic-transfer of environmental contaminants, and may provide a protective refugia for pathogenic cells within marine systems; one that enhances their survival/persistence. Finally, these secretions are prominent in 'extreme' environments ranging from sea-ice communities to hypersaline systems to the high-temperatures/pressures of hydrothermal-vent systems. This overview summarizes some of the roles of exopolymer in oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, ColumbiaSC, United States
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, United Kingdom
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Suja LD, Summers S, Gutierrez T. Role of EPS, Dispersant and Nutrients on the Microbial Response and MOS Formation in the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:676. [PMID: 28484435 PMCID: PMC5399796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the formation of marine oil snow (MOS), its associated microbial community, the factors influencing its formation, and the microbial response to crude oil in surface waters of the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC). The FSC is a subarctic region that is hydrodynamically complex located in the northeast Atlantic where oil extraction is currently occurring and where exploration is likely to expand into its deeper waters (>500 m). A major oil spill in this region may mirror the aftermath that ensued following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) blowout in the Gulf of Mexico, where the massive influx of Macondo crude oil triggered the formation of copious quantities of rapidly sinking MOS and successional blooms of opportunistic oil-degrading bacteria. In laboratory experiments, we simulated environmental conditions in sea surface waters of the FSC using water collected from this site during the winter of 2015. We demonstrated that the presence of dispersant triggers the formation of MOS, and that nutrient amendments magnify this. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed the enrichment on MOS of associated oil-degrading (Cycloclasticus, Thalassolituus, Marinobacter) and EPS-producing (Halomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Alteromonas) bacteria, and included major representation by Psychrobacter and Cobetia with putative oil-degrading/EPS-producing qualities. The formation of marine snow, in the absence of crude oil and dispersant, in seawater amended with nutrients alone indicated that the de novo synthesis of bacterial EPS is a key factor in MOS formation, and the glycoprotein composition of the MOS aggregates confirmed that its amorphous biopolymeric matrix was of microbial (likely bacterial) origin. The presence of dispersants and crude oil with/without nutrients resulted in distinct microbial responses marked by intermittent, and in some cases short-lived, blooms of opportunistic heterotrophs, principally obligate hydrocarbonoclastic (Alcanivorax, Cycloclasticus, Thalassolituus, Marinobacter) and EPS-producing (Halomonas, Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas) bacteria. Interestingly, members of the Vibrionales (principally the genus Vibrio) were strongly enriched by crude oil (with/without dispersant or nutrients), highlighting a putative importance for these organisms in crude oil biodegradation in the FSC. Our findings mirror those observed at DWH and hence underscore their broad relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Duran Suja
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Summers
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, UK
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37
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Fawzy MA, Gomaa M, Hifney AF, Abdel-Gawad KM. Optimization of alginate alkaline extraction technology from Sargassum latifolium and its potential antioxidant and emulsifying properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1903-1912. [PMID: 27987910 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alginate was recovered from Sargassum latifolium biomass using different conditions of alkali treatment. Box-Behnken experimental design was evaluated to study the influence of alkali:alga ratio, temperature and time on alginate yield, and its molecular weight (MW) and mannuronic/guluronic acid ratio (M/G). The second-order polynomial equations were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Extraction temperature and time were the most important factors during alginate alkaline extraction. MW and M/G ratio played an important role in controlling the reducing power of alginate. Increasing pH of the alginate solutions enhanced its reducing capacity, while thermal treatment showed a negative effect. Additionally, alginate exhibited good emulsion stabilizing capacities with diverse hydrophobic compounds. Emulsifying activity was less sensitive to temperature, ionic strength and more stable at acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Fawzy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gomaa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Awatief F Hifney
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khayria M Abdel-Gawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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Sathiyanarayanan G, Bhatia SK, Kim HJ, Kim JH, Jeon JM, Kim YG, Park SH, Lee SH, Lee YK, Yang YH. Metal removal and reduction potential of an exopolysaccharide produced by Arctic psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. PAMC 28620. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17450g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal reducing potential of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Arctic glacier soil bacteriumPseudomonassp. PAMC 28620.
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39
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Maalej H, Hmidet N, Boisset C, Bayma E, Heyraud A, Nasri M. Rheological and emulsifying properties of a gel-like exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Deepika K, Kalam S, Ramu Sridhar P, Podile AR, Bramhachari P. Optimization of rhamnolipid biosurfactant production by mangrove sediment bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa KVD-HR42 using response surface methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Sałek K, Gutierrez T. Surface-active biopolymers from marine bacteria for potential biotechnological applications. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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42
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Karuppiah P, Venkatasamy V, Viswaprakash N, Ramasamy T. A statistical approach on optimization of exopolymeric substance production by Halomonas sp. S19 and its emulsification activity. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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43
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Dang NP, Landfald B, Willassen NP. Biological surface-active compounds from marine bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1151-1158. [PMID: 26506920 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-active compounds (SACs) are widely used in different industries as well as in many daily consumption products. However, with the increasing concern for their environmental acceptability, attention has turned towards biological SACs which are biodegradable, less toxic and more environmentally friendly. In this work, 176 marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial isolates from petroleum-contaminated sites along the Norwegian coastline were isolated and screened for their capacity to produce biological SACs. Among them, 18 isolates were capable of reducing the surface tension of the culture medium by at least 20 mN m(-1) and/or capable of maintaining more than 40% of the emulsion volume after 24 h when growing on glucose or kerosene as carbon and energy source. These isolates were members of the genera Pseudomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Rhodococcus, Catenovulum, Cobetia, Glaciecola, Serratia, Marinomonas and Psychromonas. Two isolates, Rhodococcus sp. LF-13 and Rhodococcus sp. LF-22, reduced surface tension of culture medium by more than 40 mN m(-1) when growing on kerosene, n-hexadecane or rapeseed oil. The biosurfactants were produced by resting cells of the two Rhodococcus strains suggesting the biosynthesis of the biosurfactants was not necessarily associated with their growth on hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Phuong Dang
- a Process and Environmental Technology , Norut Narvik, Narvik , Norway
| | - Bjarne Landfald
- b Norwegian College of Fishery Science , University of Tromsø , Tromsø , Norway
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44
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Echavarri-Bravo V, Paterson L, Aspray TJ, Porter JS, Winson MK, Thornton B, Hartl MGJ. Shifts in the metabolic function of a benthic estuarine microbial community following a single pulse exposure to silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 201:91-99. [PMID: 25779207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a biocidal agent and their potential accumulation in sediments may threaten non-target natural environmental bacterial communities. In this study a microcosm approach was established to investigate the effects of well characterized OECD AgNPs (NM-300) on the function of the bacterial community inhabiting marine estuarine sediments (salinity 31‰). The results showed that a single pulse of NM-300 AgNPs (1 mg L(-1)) that led to sediment concentrations below 6 mg Ag kg(-1) dry weight inhibited the bacterial utilization of environmentally relevant carbon substrates. As a result, the functional diversity changed, but recovered after 120 h under the experimental conditions. This microcosm study suggests that AgNPs under environmentally relevant experimental conditions can negatively affect bacterial function and provides an insight into the understanding of the bacterial community response and resilience to AgNPs exposure, important for informing relevant regulatory measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Echavarri-Bravo
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Lynn Paterson
- SUPA, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas J Aspray
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanne S Porter
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael K Winson
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Barry Thornton
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark G J Hartl
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
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Malavenda R, Rizzo C, Michaud L, Gerçe B, Bruni V, Syldatk C, Hausmann R, Lo Giudice A. Biosurfactant production by Arctic and Antarctic bacteria growing on hydrocarbons. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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New emulsifying and cryoprotective exopolysaccharide from Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. ID1. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 117:1028-1034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Sellimi S, Younes I, Ayed HB, Maalej H, Montero V, Rinaudo M, Dahia M, Mechichi T, Hajji M, Nasri M. Structural, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of sodium alginate isolated from a Tunisian brown seaweed. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:1358-67. [PMID: 25453289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An original sodium alginate from Tunisian seaweed (Cystoseira barbata) was purified and characterized by circular dichroism (CD) and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies. ATR-FTIR spectrum of C. barbata sodium alginate (CBSA) showed the characteristic bands of mannuronic (M) and guluronic acids (G). The M/G ratio was estimated by CD (M/G = 0.59) indicating that CBSA was composed of 37% mannuronic acid and 63% guluronic acid. The analysis of viscosity of CBSA showed evidence of pseudoplastic fluid behaviour. The emulsifying capacity of CBSA was evaluated at different concentrations (0.25-3%), temperatures (25-100 °C) and pH (3.0-11.0). Compared to most commercial emulsifiers, the emulsion formulated by CBSA was found to be less sensitive to temperature changes and more stable at acidic pH. CBSA was examined for antioxidant properties using various antioxidant assays. CBSA exhibited important DPPH radical-scavenging activity (74% inhibition at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml) and considerable ferric reducing potential. Effective hydroxyl-radical scavenging activity (82% at a concentration of 5 mg/ml) and potent protection activity against DNA breakage were also recorded for CBSA. However, in the linoleate-β-carotene system, CBSA exerted moderate antioxidant activity (60% at a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml). Therefore, CBSA can be used as a natural ingredient in food industry or in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Sellimi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Islem Younes
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Ben Ayed
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hana Maalej
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Veronique Montero
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie et Reconnaissance Moléculaire, UMR 5032, Université Montpellier II, ENSCM, 8, rue de l'Ecole-Normale, 34296 Montpellier cedex, France
| | | | - Mostefa Dahia
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université de Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hajji
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Sathiyanarayanan G, Yi DH, Bhatia SK, Kim JH, Seo HM, Kim YG, Park SH, Jeong D, Jung S, Jung JY, Lee YK, Yang YH. Exopolysaccharide from psychrotrophic Arctic glacier soil bacterium Flavobacterium sp. ASB 3-3 and its potential applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide from psychrotrophic Arctic glacier soil bacteriumFlavobacteriumsp. ASB 3-3.
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49
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Pi Y, Bao M, Li Y, Li G, Lu J, Sun P. Characterization of crude oil degrading microbial cultures isolated in Qingdao China. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
9 hydrocarbon-degrading strains were isolated based on their ability to grow with crude oil as the sole carbon source from the water and sediment samples of Qingdao offshore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Pi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Guangmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Spill Oil Identification and Damage Assessment Technology
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center
- State Oceanic Administration
- Qingdao 266033
- China
| | - Jinren Lu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Peiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Spill Oil Identification and Damage Assessment Technology
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center
- State Oceanic Administration
- Qingdao 266033
- China
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50
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Kharrat N, Aissa I, Sghaier M, Bouaziz M, Sellami M, Laouini D, Gargouri Y. Lipophilization of ascorbic acid: a monolayer study and biological and antileishmanial activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9118-9127. [PMID: 25148258 DOI: 10.1021/jf5029398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbyl lipophilic derivatives (Asc-C2 to Asc-C(18:1)) were synthesized in a good yield using lipase from Staphylococcus xylosus produced in our laboratory and immobilized onto silica aerogel. Results showed that esterification had little effect on radical-scavenging capacity of purified ascorbyl esters using DPPH assay in ethanol. However, long chain fatty acid esters displayed higher protection of target lipids from oxidation. Moreover, compared to ascorbic acid, synthesized derivatives exhibited an antibacterial effect. Furthermore, ascorbyl derivatives were evaluated, for the first time, for their antileishmanial effects against visceral (Leishmania infantum) and cutaneous parasites (Leishmania major). Among all the tested compounds, only Asc-C10, Asc-C12, and Asc-C(18:1) exhibited antileishmanial activities. The interaction of ascorbyl esters with a phospholipid monolayer showed that only medium and unsaturated long chain (Asc-C10 to Asc-C(18:1)) derivative esters were found to interact efficiently with mimetic membrane of leishmania. These properties would make ascorbyl derivatives good candidates to be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical lipophilic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kharrat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, Université de Sfax , Route de Soukra, BPW 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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