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Bao S, Wang W, Deng Z, Zhou R, Zeng S, Hou D, He J, Huang Z. Changes of bacterial communities and bile acid metabolism reveal the potential "intestine-hepatopancreas axis" in shrimp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173384. [PMID: 38815838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between the gut and the liver plays a significant role in individual health and diseases. Mounting evidence supports that bile acids are important metabolites in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the liver. Most of the current studies on the "gut-liver axis" have focused on higher vertebrates, however, few was reported on lower invertebrates such as shrimp with an open circulatory system. Here, microbiomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to investigate the bacterial composition and bile acid metabolism in intestine, hemolymph and hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei fed diets supplemented with octanoic acid and oleic acid. After six days of feeding, the bacterial composition in intestine, hemolymph and hepatopancreas changed at different stages, with significant increases in the relative abundance of several genera such as Pseudomonas and Rheinheimera in intestine and hepatopancreas. Notably, there was a more similar bacterial composition in intestine and hepatopancreas at the genus level, which indicated the close communication between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas. Meanwhile, higher content of some bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA) and α-muricholic acid (α-MCA) in intestine and lower content of some bile acids such as taurohyocholic acids (THCA) and isolithocholic acid (IsoLCA) in hepatopancreas were detected. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between bacterial composition and bile acid metabolism in intestine and hepatopancreas. The microbial source tracking analysis showed that there was a high proportion of intestine and hepatopancreas bacterial community as the source of each other. Collectively, these results showed a strong crosstalk between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas, which suggests a unique potential "intestine-hepatopancreas axis" in lower invertebrate shrimp with an open circulatory system. Our finding contributed to the understanding of the interplay between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas in the view of microecology and provided new ideas for shrimp farming and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhixuan Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Renjun Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shenzheng Zeng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Dongwei Hou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jianguo He
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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2
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Dragičević P, Rosado D, Bielen A, Hudina S. Host-related traits influence the microbial diversity of the invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 202:108039. [PMID: 38097037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome influences a variety of host-environment interactions, and there is mounting evidence of its significant role in biological invasions. During invasion, shifts in microbial diversity and function can occur due to both changing characteristics of the novel environment and physiological condition of the host. The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is one of the most successful crayfish invaders in Europe. During range expansion, its populations often exhibit differences in many traits along the invasion range, including sex-composition, size-structure and aggressiveness, but to date it was not studied whether crayfish traits can also drive changes in the host microbiome. Thus, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to examine the effects of host-related traits, namely total length (TL), body condition index (FCF), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and sex on the microbial diversity of the signal crayfish. We examined both external (exoskeletal) and internal (intestinal, hepatopancreatic, hemolymph) microbiomes of 110 signal crayfish individuals from four sites along its invasion range in the Korana River, Croatia. While sex did not exhibit a significant effect on the microbial diversity in any of the examined tissues, exoskeletal, intestinal and hemolymph microbial diversity significantly decreased with increasing crayfish size. Additionally, significant effects of signal crayfish condition (FCF, HSI) on microbial diversity were recorded in the hepatopancreas, a main energy storage organ in crayfish that supports reproduction and growth and also regulates immune response. Our findings provide a baseline for evaluating the contribution of microbiome to an invader's overall health, fitness and subsequent invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Dragičević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Rosado
- S2AQUA - Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Avenida Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana Bielen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Kršnjavoga 25, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Hudina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zhang L, Han J, Zhou Q, He Z, Sun SW, Li R, Li RS, Zhang WK, Wang YH, Xu LL, Lu ZH, Shao ZJ. Differential microbial composition in parasitic vs. questing ticks based on 16S next-generation sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264939. [PMID: 38192286 PMCID: PMC10773790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction As tick-borne diseases rise to become the second most prevalent arthropod-transmitted disease globally, the increasing investigations focus on ticks correspondingly. Factors contributed to this increase include anthropogenic influences, changes in vertebrate faunal composition, social-recreational shifts, and climatic variation. Employing the 16S gene sequence method in next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows comprehensive pathogen identification in samples, facilitating the development of refined approaches to tick research omnidirectionally. Methods In our survey, we compared the microbial richness and biological diversity of ticks in Wuwei City, Gansu province, differentiating between questing ticks found in grass and parasitic ticks collected from sheep based on 16S NGS method. Results The results show Rickettsia, Coxiella, and Francisella were detected in all 50 Dermacentor nuttalli samples, suggesting that the co-infection may be linked to specific symbiotic bacteria in ticks. Our findings reveal significant differences in the composition and diversity of microorganisms, with the Friedmanniella and Bordetella genera existing more prevalent in parasitic ticks than in questing ticks (p < 0.05). Additionally, the network analysis demonstrates that the interactions among bacterial genera can be either promotive or inhibitive in ticks exhibiting different lifestyles with the correlation index |r| > 0.6. For instance, Francisella restrains the development of 10 other bacteria in parasitic ticks, whereas Phyllobacterium and Arthrobacter enhance colonization across all tick species. Discussion By leveraging NGS techniques, our study reveals a high degree of species and phylogenetic diversity within the tick microbiome. It further highlights the potential to investigate the interplay between bacterial genera in both parasitic and questing ticks residing in identical habitat environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhen-Hua Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Kong T, Fan X, Tran NT. Changes in Hemolymph Microbiota of Chinese Mitten Crab ( Eriocheir sinensis) in Response to Aeromonas hydrophila or Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3058. [PMID: 37835665 PMCID: PMC10571569 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) has significant economic potential in both the Chinese domestic and global markets. The hemolymph microbiota is known to play a critical role in regulating physiological and biochemical functions in crustaceans. However, the study of the hemolymph microbiota of E. sinensis in response to infections has not been undertaken. In this study, changes in the composition and function of the hemolymph microbiota in E. sinensis infected with either Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) or Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing, with a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) injection serving as the control. Results showed that the dominant hemolymph microbiota of E. sinensis were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes. The relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bdellovibrionota, and Myxococcota was significantly reduced in both Sa and Ah groups compared to the PBS group. At the genus level, compared to the PBS group, a significant increase in the abundance of Flavobacterium and Aeromonas was found in both Ah and Sa groups. The analysis of the functional profile showed that pathways related to 'cell growth and death', 'metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides', 'cancers', 'lipid metabolism', 'neurodegenerative diseases', 'metabolism of other amino acids', 'xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism', and 'circulatory system and endocrine system' were predominant in the Ah group. Meanwhile, pathways related to 'metabolism or genetic information progressing', such as 'translation', 'metabolic diseases', and 'cellular processes and signaling', were enriched in the Sa group. This study revealed the effects of pathogens (S. aureus or A. hydrophila) on the maintenance of the hemolymph microbiota in E. sinensis. It shed light on the mechanisms employed by the hemolymph microbiota of E. sinensis under pathogen stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (T.K.)
| | - Xinyue Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (T.K.)
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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Rowley AF, Coates CJ. Shell disease syndromes of decapod crustaceans. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:931-947. [PMID: 36708190 PMCID: PMC10946978 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The term shell disease subsumes a number of debilitating conditions affecting the outer integument (the carapace) of decapod crustaceans, such as lobsters and crabs. Herein, we seek to find commonality in the aetiology and pathology of such conditions, and those cases that result in the progressive erosion of the cuticle through to the visceral tissues by a cocktail of microbial-derived enzymes including lipases, proteases and chitinases. Aquimarina spp. are involved in shell disease in many different crustaceans across a wide geographical area, but the overall view is that the condition is polymicrobial in nature leading to dysbiosis within the microbial consortium of the damaged cuticle. The role of environment, decapod behaviour and physiology in triggering this disease is also reviewed. Finally, we provide a conceptual model for disease aetiology and suggest several avenues for future research that could improve our understanding of how such factors trigger, or exacerbate, this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Christopher J. Coates
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural SciencesZoology, Ryan InstituteSchool of Natural Sciences, University of GalwayGalwayIreland
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Sang ZW, Bao MN, Liang Y, Chu KH, Wang L. Identification of acid phosphatase (ShACP) from the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense and its expression pattern changes in response to cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114762. [PMID: 36931085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acid phosphatase(ACP) is an important immune enzyme in crustacean humoral immunity. At present, the research on ACP mainly focuses on the biochemical properties of the enzyme, while few studies on gene expression. In this study, ShACP was cloned and the effect of cadmium stress on the expression and function of ShACP in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense was studied. Analysis of the ShACP sequence and tissue distribution results showed that the cDNA sequence of ShACP was 1629 bp, including 48 bp 5' untranslated region, 1209 bp open reading frame region, and 372 bp 3' untranslated region, encoding 402 amino acids. ShACP contained multiple phosphorylation sites and mainly played a role in the hemolymph. Under low-concentration cadmium stress, the body improved immunity by enhancing the expression of ShACP, while high-concentration cadmium stress inhibited the expression of ShACP. ShACP can promote the phagocytosis of hemocytes, while cadmium stress reduced the phagocytosis of hemocytes. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the immune system of crabs and is of great significance for the study of crustacean immune responses under heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Sang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Min-Nan Bao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yue Liang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ka-Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Yang Y, Ni J, Niu D, Zheng G, Li Y. Physiological response of the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta exposed to hyposalinity stress. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nie J, Aweya JJ, Yu Z, Zhou H, Wang F, Yao D, Zheng Z, Li S, Ma H, Zhang Y. Deacetylation of K481 and K484 on Penaeid Shrimp Hemocyanin Is Critical for Antibacterial Activity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:476-487. [PMID: 35851542 PMCID: PMC10580119 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Although invertebrates' innate immunity relies on several immune-like molecules, the diversity of these molecules and their immune response mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that Penaeus vannamei hemocyanin (PvHMC) undergoes specific deacetylation under Vibrio parahaemolyticus and LPS challenge. In vitro deacetylation of PvHMC increases its binding capacity with LPS and antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Lysine residues K481 and K484 on the Ig-like domain of PvHMC are the main acetylation sites modulated by the acetyltransferase TIP60 and deacetylase HDAC3. Deacetylation of PvHMC on K481 and K484 allows PvHMC to form a positively charged binding pocket that interacts directly with LPS, whereas acetylation abrogates the positive charge to decrease PvHMC-LPS attraction. Besides, V. parahaemolyticus and LPS challenge increases the expression of Pvhdac3 to induce PvHMC deacetylation. This work indicates that, during bacterial infections, deacetylation of hemocyanin is crucial for binding with LPS to clear Gram-negative bacteria in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Nie
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixue Yu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; and
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Li C, Xie H, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Tian Z, Chen X, Sanganyado E, Lin J, Yang L, Li P, Liang B, Liu W. Insights on Gut and Skin Wound Microbiome in Stranded Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides). Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071295. [PMID: 35889014 PMCID: PMC9318903 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a unique marker for cetaceans’ health status, and the microbiome composition of their skin wounds can indicate a potential infection from their habitat. Our study provides the first comparative analysis of the microbial communities from gut regions and skin wounds of an individual Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides). Microbial richness increased from the foregut to the hindgut with variation in the composition of microbes. Fusobacteria (67.51% ± 5.10%), Firmicutes (22.00% ± 2.60%), and Proteobacteria (10.47% ± 5.49%) were the dominant phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, while Proteobacteria (76.11% ± 0.54%), Firmicutes (22.00% ± 2.60%), and Bacteroidetes (10.13% ± 0.49%) were the dominant phyla in the skin wounds. The genera Photobacterium, Actinobacillus, Vibrio, Erysipelothrix, Tenacibaculum, and Psychrobacter, considered potential pathogens for mammals, were identified in the gut and skin wounds of the stranded Indo-Pacific finless porpoise. A comparison of the gut microbiome in the Indo-Pacific finless porpoise and other cetaceans revealed a possible species-specific gut microbiome in the Indo-Pacific finless porpoise. There was a significant difference between the skin wound microbiomes in terrestrial and marine mammals, probably due to habitat-specific differences. Our results show potential species specificity in the microbiome structure and a potential threat posed by environmental pathogens to cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Huiying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Ziyao Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
| | - Jianqing Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (W.L.)
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10
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Le Clec’h W, Nordmeyer S, Anderson TJ, Chevalier FD. Snails, microbiomes, and schistosomes: a three-way interaction? Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:353-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Galvis F, Ageitos L, Rodríguez J, Jiménez C, Barja JL, Lemos ML, Balado M. Vibrio neptunius Produces Piscibactin and Amphibactin and Both Siderophores Contribute Significantly to Virulence for Clams. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:750567. [PMID: 34760718 PMCID: PMC8573110 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.750567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio neptunius is an inhabitant of mollusc microbiota and an opportunistic pathogen causing disease outbreaks in marine bivalve mollusc species including oysters and clams. Virulence of mollusc pathogenic vibrios is mainly associated with the production of extracellular products. However, siderophore production is a common feature in pathogenic marine bacteria but its role in fitness and virulence of mollusc pathogens remains unknown. We previously found that V. neptunius produces amphibactin, one of the most abundant siderophores in marine microbes. In this work, synthesis of the siderophore piscibactin was identified as the second siderophore produced by V. neptunius. Single and double mutants in biosynthetic genes of each siderophore system, piscibactin and amphibactin, were constructed in V. neptunius and their role in growth ability and virulence was characterized. Although the High Pathogenicity Island encoding piscibactin is a major virulence factor in vibrios pathogenic for fish, the V. neptunius wild type did not cause mortality in turbot. The results showed that amphibactin contributes more than piscibactin to bacterial fitness in vitro. However, infection challenges showed that each siderophore system contributes equally to virulence for molluscs. The V. neptunius strain unable to produce any siderophore was severely impaired to cause vibriosis in clams. Although the inactivation of one of the two siderophore systems (either amphibactin or piscibactin) significantly reduced virulence compared to the wild type strain, the ability to produce both siderophores simultaneously maximised the degree of virulence. Evaluation of the gene expression pattern of each siderophore system showed that they are simultaneously expressed when V. neptunius is cultivated under low iron availability in vitro and ex vivo. Finally, the analysis of the distribution of siderophore systems in genomes of Vibrio spp. pathogenic for molluscs showed that the gene clusters encoding amphibactin and piscibactin are widespread in the Coralliilyticus clade. Thus, siderophore production would constitute a key virulence factor for bivalve molluscs pathogenic vibrios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Galvis
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Ageitos
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Balado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Lu J, Zhang X, Wang C, Li M, Chen J, Xiong J. Responses of sediment resistome, virulence factors and potential pathogens to decades of antibiotics pollution in a shrimp aquafarm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148760. [PMID: 34323773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture ecosystem has become a hotspot of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination, owing to the abuse of prophylactic antibiotics. However, it is still unclear how and to what extent ARGs respond to the increasing antibiotic pollution, a trend as expected and as has occurred. Herein, a significant sediment antibiotic pollution gradient was detected along a drainage ditch after decades of shrimp aquaculture. The increasing antibiotic pollution evidently promoted the diversities and tailored the community structures of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), virulence factors and pathogens. The profiles of ARGs and MGEs were directly altered by the concentrations of terramycin and sulphadimidine. By contrast, virulence factors were primarily affected by nutrient variables in sediment. The pathogens potentially hosted diverse virulence factors and ARGs. More than half of the detected ARGs subtypes non-linearly responded to increasing antibiotic pollution, as supported by significant tipping points. However, we screened seven antibiotic concentration discriminatory ARGs that could serve as independent variable for quantitatively diagnosing total antibiotic concentration. Co-occurrence analysis depicted that notorious aquaculture pathogens of Vibrio harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus potentially hosted ARGs that confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, while priority pathogens for humankind, e.g., Helicobacter pylori and Staphylococcus aureus, could have harbored redundant virulence factors. Collectively, the significant tipping points and antibiotic concentration-discriminatory ARGs may translate into warning index and diagnostic approach for diagnosing antibiotic pollution. Our findings provided novel insights into the interplay among ARGs, MGEs, pathogens, virulence factors and geochemical variables under the scenario of increasing antibiotic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xinxu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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13
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Molting Alters the Microbiome, Immune Response, and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Mud Crab ( Scylla paramamosain). mSystems 2021; 6:e0091721. [PMID: 34636669 PMCID: PMC8510556 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00917-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molting is a crucial lifelong process in the growth, development, and reproduction of crustaceans. In mud crab (Scylla paramamosain), new exoskeleton, gills, and appendages are formed after a molting, which contributes to a 40 to 90% increase in body weight. However, little is currently known about the associations between molting and the dynamic changes of microbiota and physiological characteristics in mud crabs. In this study, the effects of molting on changes of the microbiome, immune response, and digestive enzyme activities in mud crabs were investigated. The results showed dynamic changes in the abundances and community compositions of crab-associated microbiota harboring the gills, subcuticular epidermis, hepatopancreas, midgut, and hemolymph during molting. Renewed microbiota was observed in the gills and midgut of crabs at the postmolt stages, which seems to be related to the formation of a new exoskeleton after the molting. A significant positive correlation between the expression of two antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (SpALF5 and SpCrustin) and the relative abundance of two predominant microorganisms (Halomonas and Shewanella) in hemolymph was observed in the whole molt cycle, suggesting that AMPs play a role in modulating hemolymph microbiota. Furthermore, digestive enzymes might play a vital role in the changes of microbiota harboring the hepatopancreas and midgut, which provide suitable conditions for restoring and reconstructing host-microbiome homeostasis during molting. In conclusion, this study confirms that molting affects host-associated microbiota and further sheds light on the effects on the immune response and the digestive systems as well. IMPORTANCE Molting is crucial for crustaceans. In mud crab, its exoskeleton is renewed periodically during molting, and this process is an ideal model to study the effects of host development on its microbiota. Here, multiple approaches were used to investigate the changes in microbial taxa, immune response, and digestive enzyme activity with respect to molting in mud crab. The results found that a renewed microbiota was generated in the gills and midgut of crab after a molt. A significant positive correlation between changes in the relative abundances of microbes (such as Halomonas and Shewanella) and the expression of AMP genes (SpALF5 and SpCrustin) was observed in the hemolymph of crabs during the whole molt cycle, suggesting the modulation of hemolymph microbes by AMPs. Furthermore, the digestive enzymes were found to participate in the regulation of microbiota in hepatopancreas and midgut, consequently providing a suitable condition for the restoration and reconstruction of host-microbiome homeostasis during the molting. This study confirms that molting affects the microbial communities and concomitantly influences the immune and digestive systems in mud crabs. This is also the first time the homeostasis of the host and microbiome, and the associations between molting and physiological characteristics in crustaceans, have been revealed.
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Gong Y, Wei X, Sun W, Ren X, Chen J, Aweya JJ, Ma H, Chan KG, Zhang Y, Li S. Exosomal miR-224 contributes to hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during bacterial infection in crustacean. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009837. [PMID: 34379706 PMCID: PMC8382196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that exosomes could serve as anti-microbial immune factors in animals. However, despite growing evidences have shown that the homeostasis of the hemolymph microbiota was vital for immune regulation in crustaceans, the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during pathogenic bacteria infection has not been addressed. Here, we reported that exosomes released from Vibrio parahaemolyticus-infected mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) could help to maintain the homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota and have a protective effect on the mortality of the host during the infection process. We further confirmed that miR-224 was densely packaged in these exosomes, resulting in the suppression of HSP70 and disruption of the HSP70-TRAF6 complex, then the released TRAF6 further interacted with Ecsit to regulate the production of mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and the expression of Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) in recipient hemocytes, which eventually affected hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in response to the pathogenic bacteria infection in mud crab. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first document that reports the role of exosome in the hemolymph microbiota homeostasis modulation during pathogen infection, which reveals the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and innate immune response in crustaceans. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin which are widely involved in the regulation of a variety of pathological processes in mammals. Yet, although the antibacterial function of exosomes has been discovered for many years, the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis remains unknown. In the present study, we identified the miRNAs packaged by exosomes that were possibly involved in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection by modulating hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in crustacean mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Moreover, it was found that miR-224 was densely packaged in exosomes after Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, resulting in the suppression of HSP70 and disruption of the HSP70-TRAF6 complex in recipient hemocytes, then the released TRAF6 was further interacted with Ecsit to regulate ROS and ALFs levels, which eventually affected hemolymph microbiota homeostasis to cope with pathogenic bacteria infection. Our finding is the first to reveal the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in animals, which shows a novel molecular mechanism of invertebrate resistance to pathogenic microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (SL)
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (SL)
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15
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Zhang C, Wickham JD, Zhao L, Sun J. A new bacteria-free strategy induced by MaGal2 facilitates pinewood nematode escape immune response from its vector beetle. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1087-1102. [PMID: 32443173 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic microbes play a crucial role in regulating parasite-host interactions; however, the role of bacterial associates in parasite-host interactions requires elucidation. In this study, we showed that, instead of introducing numerous symbiotic bacteria, dispersal of 4th-stage juvenile (JIV ) pinewood nematodes (PWNs), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, only introduced few bacteria to its vector beetle, Monochamus alternatus (Ma). JIV showed weak binding ability to five dominant bacteria species isolated from the beetles' pupal chamber. This was especially the case for binding to the opportunistic pathogenic species Serratia marcescens; the nematodes' bacteria binding ability at this critical stage when it infiltrates Ma for dispersal was much weaker compared with Caenorhabditis elegans, Diplogasteroides asiaticus, and propagative-stage PWN. The associated bacterium S. marcescens, which was isolated from the beetles' pupal chambers, was unfavorable to Ma, because it caused a higher mortality rate upon injection into tracheae. In addition, S. marcescens in the tracheae caused more immune effector disorders compared with PWN alone. Ma_Galectin2 (MaGal2), a pattern-recognition receptor, was up-regulated following PWN loading. Recombinant MaGal2 protein formed aggregates with five dominant associated bacteria in vitro. Moreover, MaGal2 knockdown beetles had up-regulated prophenoloxidase gene expression, increased phenoloxidase activity, and decreased PWN loading. Our study revealed a previously unknown strategy for immune evasion of this plant pathogen inside its vector, and provides novel insights into the role of bacteria in parasite-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gianazza E, Eberini I, Palazzolo L, Miller I. Hemolymph proteins: An overview across marine arthropods and molluscs. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104294. [PMID: 34091091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this compilation we collect information about the main protein components in hemolymph and stress the continued interest in their study. The reasons for such an attention span several areas of biological, veterinarian and medical applications: from the notions for better dealing with the species - belonging to phylum Arthropoda, subphylum Crustacea, and to phylum Mollusca - of economic interest, to the development of 'marine drugs' from the peptides that, in invertebrates, act as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and/or antiviral agents. Overall, the topic most often on focus is that of innate immunity operated by classes of pattern-recognition proteins. SIGNIFICANCE: The immune response in invertebrates relies on innate rather than on adaptive/acquired effectors. At a difference from the soluble and membrane-bound immunoglobulins and receptors in vertebrates, the antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and/or antiviral agents in invertebrates interact with non-self material by targeting some common (rather than some highly specific) structural motifs. Developing this paradigm into (semi) synthetic pharmaceuticals, possibly optimized through the modeling opportunities offered by computational biochemistry, is one of the lessons today's science may learn from the study of marine invertebrates, and specifically of the proteins and peptides in their hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria.
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Shchapova E, Nazarova A, Vasilyeva U, Gurkov A, Ostyak A, Mutin A, Adelshin R, Belkova N, Timofeyev M. Cellular Immune Response of an Endemic Lake Baikal Amphipod to Indigenous Pseudomonas sp. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:463-471. [PMID: 34076776 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies of invertebrates have shown that the internal environment of crustaceans is not always sterile in normal conditions, and in many species, it can be populated by microorganisms even in the absence of any visible pathological processes in the body. This observation raises the question of whether genetically modified indigenous hemolymph microorganisms can be used for biotechnological purposes inside the crustacean either as local producers of some compounds or as sensors to physiological parameters. In this study, we tested the ability of the bacteria isolated from the hemolymph of the amphipod Eulimnogammarus verrucosus to hide from the cellular immune response of the host as the most important feature for their potential long-term application in vivo. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing revealed five common bacterial genera in all analyzed samples of the amphipod hemolymph, among which Pseudomonas is most easily subjected to genome modification and, thus, the most prospective for biotechnological application. Cultivation of Pseudomonas gave us a number of strains undoubtedly derived from the amphipod hemolymph, and one of them (belonging to the Pseudomonas fluorescens group) was chosen for further tests. The primary culture of amphipod hemocytes was used to analyze the immunogenicity of the strain and showed a pronounced reaction of the immune cells to a high amount of the bacteria within six hours. This result indicates that modulation of cellular immune response to metabolically active bacterial cells is not mandatory for the survival and wide distribution of these microorganisms in the hemolymph of numerous amphipod individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anton Gurkov
- Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Ostyak
- Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East, Irkutsk, Russia
| | | | - Renat Adelshin
- Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Belkova
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Timofeyev
- Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia.
- Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia.
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Sun Z, Sun W, Pan B, Yao Y, Yan C. Molecular characterization of a novel p38 MAPK cDNA from Cyclina sinensis and its potential immune-related function under the threat of Vibrio anguillarum. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110599. [PMID: 33845220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is one important member of MAPK family and reported to serve a predominant function in regulating innate immunity after the occurrence of certain infection. In the present study, one novel p38 MAPK gene was acquired from Cyclina sinensis based on the RNA-seq analysis and designated as Csp38 MAPK. This novel gene contained a full length of 1781 bp, 1104 bp of which was deemed as open reading frames and gave rise to a peptide of 367 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 42.31 KDa. A conserved serine/threonine protein kinase (S_Tkc) region along with a Thr-Gly-Tyr motif was discovered in the deduced sequence. According to the phylogenetic analysis, there was a close relationship between this kinase and Meretrix petechialis p38 MAPK. As for the expression pattern, this newly-identified Csp38 MAPK was ubiquitously distributed in several tissues throughout the body but with varied abundance. After the challenge of Vibrio anguillarum, both the transcription and phosphorylation level of Csp38 MAPK in hemolymph were coordinately altered with a time-dependent manner. Besides, with the application of double strand RNA homologous to myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) of C. sinensis, the activation of Csp38 MAPK was found to obviously decrease in hemolymph after the pathogen stimulation. Hence, our experimental data presented evidence for the potential involvement of p38 MAPK in response to bacterial invaders in C. sinensis, possibly facilitating the understanding for pathogen-induced innate immunity in clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoping Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuncai Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
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Balbi T, Auguste M, Ciacci C, Canesi L. Immunological Responses of Marine Bivalves to Contaminant Exposure: Contribution of the -Omics Approach. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618726. [PMID: 33679759 PMCID: PMC7930816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of data studies on the biological impact of anthropogenic chemicals in the marine environment, together with the great development of invertebrate immunology, has identified marine bivalves as a key invertebrate group for studies on immunological responses to pollutant exposure. Available data on the effects of contaminants on bivalve immunity, evaluated with different functional and molecular endpoints, underline that individual functional parameters (cellular or humoral) and the expression of selected immune-related genes can distinctly react to different chemicals depending on the conditions of exposure. Therefore, the measurement of a suite of immune biomarkers in hemocytes and hemolymph is needed for the correct evaluation of the overall impact of contaminant exposure on the organism's immunocompetence. Recent advances in -omics technologies are revealing the complexity of the molecular players in the immune response of different bivalve species. Although different -omics represent extremely powerful tools in understanding the impact of pollutants on a key physiological function such as immune defense, the -omics approach has only been utilized in this area of investigation in the last few years. In this work, available information obtained from the application of -omics to evaluate the effects of pollutants on bivalve immunity is summarized. The data shows that the overall knowledge on this subject is still quite limited and that to understand the environmental relevance of any change in immune homeostasis induced by exposure to contaminants, a combination of both functional assays and cutting-edge technology (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) is required. In addition, the utilization of metagenomics may explain how the complex interplay between the immune system of bivalves and its associated bacterial communities can be modulated by pollutants, and how this may in turn affect homeostatic processes of the host, host–pathogen interactions, and the increased susceptibility to disease. Integrating different approaches will contribute to knowledge on the mechanism responsible for immune dysfunction induced by pollutants in ecologically and economically relevant bivalve species and further explain their sensitivity to multiple stressors, thus resulting in health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DIBS), University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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de Souza Valente C, Wan AHL. Vibrio and major commercially important vibriosis diseases in decapod crustaceans. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 181:107527. [PMID: 33406397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria fromthe Vibriogenus are autochthonous to aquatic environments and ubiquitous in aquaculture production systems. Many Vibrio species are non-pathogenic and can be commonly found in healthy farmed aquatic animals. However, some Vibrio species and strains are pathogenic leading to a variety of 'vibriosis' diseases. These diseases can have a significant negative impact on animal production, including farmed crustaceans such as shrimps, lobsters, and crabs. As such, vibriosis can pose a threat to meeting growing food demand and global food security. Preventive management is essential to avoid the onset of vibriosis. This includes a robust health management plan, the use of prophylaxis and treatment measures, and enhancing animal health through nutrition. Furthermore, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, quorum sensing disruption, green water, biofloc, bacteriophages, and immune priming could also play a role in preventing and controlling a vibriosis outbreak. This review aims to inform and update the reader about the current state of knowledge about Vibrio and associated vibriosis in farmed crustaceans (i.e. shrimp, lobster, and crabs). Furthermore, the review will identify potential knowledge gaps in the literature, which serves as a basis for future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília de Souza Valente
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Room 204, Annex Building, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City H91 TK33, Ireland; Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway H91 V8Y1, Ireland.
| | - Alex H L Wan
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Room 204, Annex Building, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City H91 TK33, Ireland; Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway H91 V8Y1, Ireland
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21
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Chevalier FD, Diaz R, McDew-White M, Anderson TJC, Clec’h WL. The hemolymph of Biomphalaria snail vectors of schistosomiasis supports a diverse microbiome. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:5450-5466. [PMID: 33169917 PMCID: PMC8023393 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome - the microorganism community that is found on or within an organism's body - is increasingly recognized to shape many aspects of its host biology and is a key determinant of health and disease. Microbiomes modulate the capacity of insect disease vectors (mosquitoes, tsetse flies, sandflies) to transmit parasites and disease. We investigate the diversity and abundance of microorganisms within the hemolymph (i.e. blood) of Biomphalaria snails, the intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S V4 rDNA. We sampled hemolymph from five snails from six different laboratory populations of B. glabrata and one population of B. alexandrina. We observed 279.84 ± 0.79 amplicon sequence variants per snail. There were significant differences in microbiome composition at the level of individual snails, snail populations and species. Snail microbiomes were dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes while water microbiomes from snail tank were dominated by Actinobacteria. We investigated the absolute bacterial load using qPCR: hemolymph samples contained 2784 ± 339 bacteria/μl. We speculate that the microbiome may represent a critical, but unexplored intermediary in the snail-schistosome interaction as hemolymph is in very close contact with the parasite at each step of its development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robbie Diaz
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78258
| | - Marina McDew-White
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78258
| | | | - Winka Le Clec’h
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, PO Box 760549, San Antonio, TX 78258
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22
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Galvis F, Ageitos L, Martínez-Matamoros D, Barja JL, Rodríguez J, Lemos ML, Jiménez C, Balado M. The marine bivalve molluscs pathogen Vibrio neptunius produces the siderophore amphibactin, which is widespread in molluscs microbiota. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:5467-5482. [PMID: 33169914 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic siderophores, including amphibactins, are the most abundant siderophores in oceans. Genes putatively encoding the amphibactin system were proposed in some bacteria and homologues of these genes are particularly abundant in multiple bacterial lineages inhabitant of low-iron seawater. However, since no defective mutant strains in any of these genes were studied to date, their role in amphibactin synthesis or uptake was not demonstrated. In this work, an in silico analysis of the genome of the mollusc pathogen Vibrio neptunius leads us to identify a gene cluster (denoted absABDEF) that is predicted to encode an amphibactin-like siderophore and several mutant strains unable to synthesize or use siderophores were constructed. The results showed that genes absABDEF are required for amphibactin synthesis. A comparative chemical analysis of V. neptunius wild type and biosynthesis mutants allowed us to identify a mixture of nine amphibactin forms produced by this bacterium. In addition, the gene abtA is predicted to encode the ferri-amphibactin outer membrane transporter. The prevalence of the amphibactin system in bivalve hemolymph microbiota was also studied. We found that the amphibactin system is widespread in hemolymph microbiota including both commensal and pathogenic bacterial species. Thus, its contribution to bacterial fitness must be more related to environmental persistence than to pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Galvis
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Ageitos
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Diana Martínez-Matamoros
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Balado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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23
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Brown BRP, Nunez JCB, Rand DM. Characterizing the cirri and gut microbiomes of the intertidal barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:41. [PMID: 33499976 PMCID: PMC7807441 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural populations inhabiting the rocky intertidal experience multiple ecological stressors and provide an opportunity to investigate how environmental differences influence microbiomes over small geographical scales. However, very few microbiome studies focus on animals that inhabit the intertidal. In this study, we investigate the microbiome of the intertidal barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. We first describe the microbiome of two body tissues: the feeding appendages, or cirri, and the gut. Next, we examine whether there are differences between the microbiome of each body tissue of barnacles collected from the thermally extreme microhabitats of the rocky shores' upper and lower tidal zones. RESULTS Overall, the microbiome of S. balanoides consisted of 18 phyla from 408 genera. Our results showed that although cirri and gut microbiomes shared a portion of their amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), the microbiome of each body tissue was distinct. Over 80% of the ASVs found in the cirri were also found in the gut, and 44% of the ASVs found in the gut were also found in the cirri. Notably, the gut microbiome was not a subset of the cirri microbiome. Additionally, we identified that the cirri microbiome was responsive to microhabitat differences. CONCLUSION Results from this study indicate that S. balanoides maintains distinct microbiomes in its cirri and gut tissues, and that the gut microbiome is more stable than the cirri microbiome between the extremes of the intertidal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca R P Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman St., Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, 85 Waterman St., Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Joaquin C B Nunez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman St., Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - David M Rand
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman St., Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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24
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Sun J, Wang L, Yang W, Wang L, Fu Q, Song L. IgIT-Mediated Signaling Inhibits the Antimicrobial Immune Response in Oyster Hemocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2402-2413. [PMID: 32989090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The long-term evolutionary interaction between the host and symbiotic microbes determines their cooperative relationship. It is well known that the symbiotic microbes have evolved various mechanisms to either benefit or exploit the mammalian host immune system to maintain homeostasis. However, the strategies employed by the symbiotic microbes to overcome host immune responses in invertebrates are still not clear. In the current study, the hemolymph microbes in oyster Crassostrea gigas were found to be able to directly bind an oyster Ig superfamily member (IgSF) (designated as CgIgIT) to inhibit the immune responses of hemocytes. The mRNA transcripts of CgIgIT in hemocytes increased significantly after the stimulation with hemolymph microbes. CgIgIT was found to be located on the hemocyte membrane and it was able to directly bind the hemolymph microbes and polysaccharides via its three Ig domains and recruited the protein tyrosine phosphatase CgSHP2 through its ITIM. The recruited CgSHP2 inhibited the activities of CgERK, CgP38 and CgJNK proteins to reduce the productions of dual oxidase 2 (CgDuox2) and defensin 2 (CgDef2), which eventually protected the hemolymph microbes from CgDuox2/CgDef2-mediated elimination. Collectively, the results suggest that the oyster IgIT-SHP2 signaling pathway can recognize bacteria capable of residing in oyster hemolymph and inhibit innate immune responses, which contributes to the maintenance, colonization, and survival of hemolymph microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.,Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; and.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.,Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; and
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25
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Yang Q, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Tran NT, Zhang X, Lin Q, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Li S. SpATF2 participates in maintaining the homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota by regulating dual oxidase expression in mud crab. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:252-261. [PMID: 32497727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factors 2 (ATF2) is a transcription factor of the members of ATF/CREB family that is phosphorylated and activated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in responding to the stimulation of stimuli. In present study, SpATF2 from mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) was identified and studied. The open reading frame of SpATF2 with 2136 bp in length encodes a protein with 711 amino acids. The SpATF2 protein includes the putative zinc finger domain in the N-terminus and bZIP type DNA-binding domain in the C-terminal. Tissue distribution of SpATF2 transcripts showed that SpATF2 was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues of the untreated mud crabs, with the highest expression levels in muscle and hepatopancreas. The transcriptional level of SpATF2 was up-regulated in the hemocytes after Vibrio parahemolyticus or WSSV infection. Reporter gene assays indicated that SpATF2 could activate the expression of dual oxidase (SpDuox1) in S. paramamosain. The RNA interference (RNAi) of SpATF2 significantly decreased the expression of SpDuox1, and consequently reduced reactive oxygen species production thereby significantly increased the bacterial load in the hemolymph of mud crabs. Similarly, significant reduction in bacterial clearance of hemolymph was observed after the V. parahemolyticus infection in SpATF2 knockdown mud crabs. This study showed that SpATF2 played a vital role in maintaining homeostasis of the hemolymph microbiota through regulating the expression of dual oxidase of mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Yang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zaiqiao Sun
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yanlian Zhou
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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26
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Wang XW, Vasta GR, Wang JX. The functional relevance of shrimp C-type lectins in host-pathogen interactions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 109:103708. [PMID: 32305304 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs) are key recognition proteins in shrimp immunity. A few years ago we reviewed sequence information, ligand specificity, expression profiles and specific functions of the shrimp CTLs. Since then, multiple integrated studies that implemented biochemical approaches using both the native and recombinant proteins, functional genetic approaches using RNA interference, and mechanistic studies by analyzing protein-protein interactions were carried out. Results from these rigorous studies revealed the functions and mechanisms of action of selected members of the shrimp CTL family. This review focuses on this new knowledge, that includes unique structural aspects, functions, and mechanisms in host-pathogen interactions, the functional relevance of regions other than the C-type lectin domain, and the regulation of transcription of shrimp CTLs. Thus, this review aims to provide a detailed update of recent studies that have contributed to our better understanding of the shrimp immune events that involve CTL functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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27
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Zheng H, Ye H, Zhang X, Li S. Source of hemolymph microbiota and their roles in the immune system of mud crab. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103470. [PMID: 31430486 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Special innate immune mechanisms against pathogens are developed in marine invertebrates such as mud crab, which is also an economically important aquaculture species in many coastal countries. Hemolymph is a critical site in host immune response, but its source of microorganisms is less known. In this study, we provided a detailed investigation of the microorganisms inhabiting various body sites of healthy mud crabs, including hemolymph, midgut, gill, subcuticular epidermis and hepatopancreas. By using fluorescence microscopy and high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes, various abundances and kinds of microorganisms were observed in the healthy mud crabs, of which some are potential pathogens to mud crab and human. The SourceTracker analysis and oral injection experiment confirm the hypothesis that hemolymph microorganisms are derived from the digestive systems of invertebrates with open circulatory systems, indicating that these microorganisms play vital roles in crab immune response. Moreover, physiological differences (gut length), behavioral characteristics (foraging behavior), diet preferences (herbivory), and/or sex hormones (testosterone) possibly determine the unique features of the crab-associated microbiota for both sexes. These findings also contribute to the development of appropriate microbial immunoenhancers, which has potential applications for improving quality and yield during crab aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxu Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Haihui Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University & Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
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28
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Li YF, Chen YW, Xu JK, Ding WY, Shao AQ, Zhu YT, Wang C, Liang X, Yang JL. Temperature elevation and Vibrio cyclitrophicus infection reduce the diversity of haemolymph microbiome of the mussel Mytilus coruscus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16391. [PMID: 31704981 PMCID: PMC6841970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemolymph microbiome was considered to be unique to healthy invertebrates and beneficial to the host against external pathogens, including disease resistance and maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we investigated the effects of elevated water temperature on infection of haemolymph microbiome of the hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus). Exposure to Vibrio. cyclitrophicus resulted in high mortality of mussels on day nine at 27 °C. The haemolymph was collected to determine the microbiota by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Exposure to waterborne V. cyclitrophicus increased the mortality of mussels that was associated with a reduction in the diversity of their microbial community. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that temperature was an essential factor in shaping microbial communities in mussel haemolymph. Vibrio exposure promoted the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Arcobacter and Francisella) at a lower temperature. A high abundance of Vibrio present in live and dead mussels, at 27 °C might contribute greatly to mortality, as indicated by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). These data suggested that the dynamics of microbial community have unique biomarker species in mussel haemolymph that could be used as health indicators. An elevated temperature may reduce the ability of bacterial elimination function against infection in mussel haemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Wen Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Kang Xu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Yang Ding
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - An-Qi Shao
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Ting Zhu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute of Binzhou, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Dubé CE, Ky CL, Planes S. Microbiome of the Black-Lipped Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera, a Multi-Tissue Description With Functional Profiling. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1548. [PMID: 31333634 PMCID: PMC6624473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the role of prokaryotic symbionts in mediating host physiology has emerged as an important area of research. Since oysters are the world’s most heavily cultivated bivalve molluscs, numerous studies have applied molecular techniques to understand the taxonomic and functional diversity of their associated bacteria. Here, we expand on this research by assessing the composition and putative functional profiles of prokaryotic communities from different organs/compartments of the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, a commercially important shellfish valued for cultured pearl production in the Pacific region. Seven tissues, in addition to mucous secretions, were targeted from P. margaritifera individuals: the gill, gonad, byssus gland, haemolymph, mantle, adductor muscle, mucus, and gut. Richness of bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and phylogenetic diversity differed between host tissues, with mucous layers displaying the highest richness and diversity. This multi-tissues approach permitted the identification of consistent microbial members, together constituting the core microbiome of P. margaritifera, including Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, and Spirochaetes. We also found a high representation of Endozoicimonaceae symbionts, indicating that they may be of particular importance to oyster health, survival and homeostasis, as in many other coral reef animals. Our study demonstrates that the microbial communities and their associated predicted functional profiles are tissue specific. Inferred physiological functions were supported by current physiological data available for the associated bacterial taxa specific to each tissue. This work provides the first baseline of microbial community composition in P. margaritifera, providing a solid foundation for future research into this commercially important species and emphasises the important effects of tissue differentiation in structuring the oyster microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Eve Dubé
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| | - Chin-Long Ky
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Mo'orea, French Polynesia.,Ifremer, UMR 241, Centre du Pacifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia.,Ifremer, UMR 5244 Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Planes
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Mo'orea, French Polynesia
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30
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You C, Chen B, Wang M, Wang S, Zhang M, Sun Z, Juventus AJ, Ma H, Li Y. Effects of dietary lipid sources on the intestinal microbiome and health of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:187-197. [PMID: 30936050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils (VO) in diets is economically desirable for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. However, inflammation provoked by FO replacement limited its widely application in fish industry. In order to understand the mechanism of VO-induced inflammation, this study investigated the impact of different dietary vegetable oils on the intestinal health and microbiome in carnivorous marine fish golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Three diets supplemented with fish oil (FO, rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids), soybean oil (SO, rich in 18:2n-6) and linseed oil (LO, rich in 18:3n-3), respectively, were fed on juvenile golden pompano for 8 weeks, and the intestinal histology, digestive enzymes activities, immunity and antioxidant indices as well as intestinal microbiome were determined. The results showed that dietary SO significantly impaired intestinal health, and decreased the number and height of intestinal folds, and muscle thickness, as well as the zonula occludens-1 (zo-1) mRNA expression in intestine. Moreover, the two dietary VO significantly decreased the amylase and lipase activities in intestine, and reduced the trypsin activity in the dietary SO group. Furthermore, the two VO diets increased intestinal acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, while intestinal lysozyme (LZM) activity and serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in the SO group were also significantly increased (P < 0.05). Analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that the two VO diets significantly increased the abundance of intestinal potentially pathogenic bacteria (Mycoplasma and Vibrio) and decreased proportions of intestinal probiotics (Bacillus and Lactococcus), especially in the dietary SO group. These results indicate that complete replacement of FO with VO in diets would induce intestinal inflammation and impair intestinal function, which might be due to changes in intestinal microbiota profiles, and that dietary SO would have a more negative effect compared to dietary LO on intestinal health in T. ovatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Baojia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhijie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Aweya Jude Juventus
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Yang Q, Sun Z, Zhang M, Tran NT, Gong Y, Fan J, Lu Z, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Li S. Spp38 MAPK participates in maintaining the homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota in Scylla paramamosain. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:38-49. [PMID: 30738078 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are evolutionally conserved from yeasts to mammals, and are involved in the regulation of cells response to various extracellular stimuli. In this study, the p38 MAPK gene (designated as Spp38) of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) was identified and studied. Spp38 contained the conserved Thr-Gly-Tyr (TGY) motif and a Ala-Thr-Arg-Trp (ATRW) substrate-binding site. Spp38 transcript was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest expression found in muscle and hepatopancras. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Spp38 was upregulated in hemocytes and hepatopancras after infection with Vibrio parahemolyticus and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Reporter gene assays indicated that Spp38 activated the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharides (SpALF1 - SpALF6) in S. paramamosian. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of Spp38 or inhibition of Spp38 by SB203580 decreased the expression levels of SpALF1-6 and dual oxidase (SpDuox1 and SpDuox2) in S. paramamosian, which consequently reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production thereby significantly increasing the bacterial count in the hemolymph of mud crabs. Similarly, there was a significant reduction in bacterial clearance ability of hemolymph after Spp38 knockdown followed by V. parahemolyticus infection. Taken together, the current data indicated that Spp38 could play a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zaiqiao Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiaohong Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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32
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Zhang X, Tang X, Tran NT, Huang Y, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Ma H, Li S. Innate immune responses and metabolic alterations of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:166-177. [PMID: 30639477 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the major pathogens caused diseases in cultured mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Mud crabs lack an adaptive immune system, their defenses depend almost on innate immunity. Evaluation of the molecular responses of mud crabs to pathogens is essential for control of disease occurrence in farmed animals. In this study, the impacts of V. parahaemolyticus on immunity-related genes and metabolites in mud crabs of different groups (PG, SG and MG refer to controlled, survival and moribund groups, respectively) were investigated. Our results revealed that V. parahaemolyticus infection stimulated significant expressions of immune-related genes (prophenoloxidase, alpha 2-macroglobulin, lysosomal-associated membrane protein, Rab5, C-type lectin B and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 5) in the MG within 72 h post-infection. The ATP content was significantly reduced in all tissues except muscle of moribund mud crabs. A total of 668 metabolites (including 190 down-regulated and 145 up-regulated) were identified and assigned to 77 pathways in both SG and MG. Metabolites involved in the saturated fatty acid are up-regulated, whereas unsaturated fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms are down-regulated in the immune system of mud crabs during the bacterial infection in MG. Furthermore, a reduction of hemocyte number and an increase of microbial abundance was found in MG. Our results demonstrated that V. parahaemolyticus induced death of mud crabs through reducing the metabolites associate with energy biosynthesis and innate immune system (i.e. proliferation of hemocyte and melanization), resulting in decrease of ATP in different tissues and failed to clearance of pathogens, respectively. The findings of this study provide a basic information of the responses of mud crab on bacterial infection, which is essential for prevention and control of diseases in mud crab aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xixiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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33
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Sun Z, Hao S, Gong Y, Zhang M, Aweya JJ, Tran NT, Zhang Y, Ma H, Li S. Dual oxidases participate in the regulation of hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in mud crab Scylla paramamosain. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 89:111-121. [PMID: 30107250 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dual oxidases (DUOXs) were originally identified as NADPH oxidases (NOXs), found to be associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production at the plasma membrane and crucial in host biological processes. In this study, SpDUOX1 and SpDUOX2 of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) were identified and studied. Both SpDUOX1 and SpDUOX2 are transmembrane proteins, including an N-signal peptide region and a peroxidase homology domain in the extracellular region, transmembrane regions, and three EF (calcium-binding region) domains, a FAD-binding domain, and a NAD binding domain in the intracellular region. The SpDUOXs were expressed in all tissues examined, but mainly in hepatopancreas, heart, and mid-intestine. The expression of the SpDUOXs in the hemolymph of mud crabs was up-regulated after challenge with Vibrio parahemolyticus or LPS. RNA interference (RNAi) of the SpDUOXs resulted in reduced ROS production in hemolymph. The bacterial count increased in the hemolymph of mud crabs injected with SpDUOX1 or SpDUOX2-RNAi, while the bacterial clearance ability of hemolymph significantly reduced. At the phylum level, the phyla Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly increased, while Proteobacteria were significantly reduced following SpDUOX2 knockdown. There was a significant increase in the relative abundance of the genera Marinomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Shewanella, and Hydrogenoph in SpDUOX2 depleted mud crabs compared with the controls. Our current findings therefore indicated that SpDUOXs might play important roles in maintaining the homeostasis in the hemolymph microbiota of mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiqiao Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shufeng Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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