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Aiewsakun P, Ruangchai W, Jaemsai B, Bodharamik T, Meemetta W, Senapin S. Whole genome sequence and characterisation of Streptococcus suis 3112, isolated from snakeskin gourami, Trichopodus pectoralis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:808. [PMID: 39198749 PMCID: PMC11351508 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important swine and human pathogen. A recent study reported the first isolate of S. suis capable of infecting fish, designated as S. suis strain 3112. The bacterium was isolated from snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis), an economically important fish species native to Southeast Asia, and it was previously shown that it can infect and cause lethal streptococcosis in the fish. RESULTS In this study, we present the complete genome of S. suis 3112. Molecular sequence analysis revealed that it belongs to serotype 6, sequence type 2340. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the bacterium clustered with healthy-pig S. suis isolates, suggestive of an ultimate swine (as opposed to human) origin of the bacterium. Two fluoroquinolone resistance genes are present in the bacterial genome, namely patA and patB. Our results showed that both genes are expressed in our bacterium, and the bacterium is resistant to norfloxacin, but is still sensitive to other fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and sparfloxacin. Additionally, the bacterium is sensitive to β-lactams, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, and an aminoglycoside. CONCLUSIONS This study reports and describes the complete genome of S. suis 3112, the first isolate of S. suis known to infect fish, and provides further insights into the bacterial isolate, particularly regarding its drug resistance profile. These results will facilitate further investigations of the comparative genomics and pathogenic characteristics of S. suis, as well as the development of control strategies against this newly-identified fish pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakorn Aiewsakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
- Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Wuthiwat Ruangchai
- Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Bharkbhoom Jaemsai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thavin Bodharamik
- Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Watcharachai Meemetta
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Dechêne-Tempier M, de Boisséson C, Lucas P, Bougeard S, Libante V, Marois-Créhan C, Payot S. Virulence genes, resistome and mobilome of Streptococcus suis strains isolated in France. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001224. [PMID: 38536216 PMCID: PMC10995628 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a leading cause of infection in pigs, causing extensive economic losses. In addition, it can also infect wild fauna, and can be responsible for severe infections in humans. Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been described in S. suis worldwide and most of the AMR genes are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). This contributes to their dissemination by horizontal gene transfer. A collection of 102 strains isolated from humans, pigs and wild boars in France was subjected to whole genome sequencing in order to: (i) study their genetic diversity, (ii) evaluate their content in virulence-associated genes, (iii) decipher the mechanisms responsible for their AMR and their association with MGEs, and (iv) study their ability to acquire extracellular DNA by natural transformation. Analysis by hierarchical clustering on principal components identified a few virulence-associated factors that distinguish invasive CC1 strains from the other strains. A plethora of AMR genes (n=217) was found in the genomes. Apart from the frequently reported erm(B) and tet(O) genes, more recently described AMR genes were identified [vga(F)/sprA, vat(D)]. Modifications in PBPs/MraY and GyrA/ParC were detected in the penicillin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates respectively. New AMR gene-MGE associations were detected. The majority of the strains have the full set of genes required for competence, i.e for the acquisition of extracellular DNA (that could carry AMR genes) by natural transformation. Hence the risk of dissemination of these AMR genes should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Claire de Boisséson
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Épidémiologie, santé et bien-être, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Kobayashi K, Kubota H, Tohya M, Ushikubo M, Yamamoto M, Ariyoshi T, Uchitani Y, Mitobe M, Okuno R, Nakagawa I, Sekizaki T, Suzuki J, Sadamasu K. Characterization of pig tonsils as niches for the generation of Streptococcus suis diversity. Vet Res 2024; 55:17. [PMID: 38321502 PMCID: PMC10848530 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other disorders in pigs and humans. We obtained 42 and 50 S. suis isolates from lesions of porcine endocarditis and palatine tonsils, respectively, of clinically healthy pigs in Japan; we then determined their sequence types (STs) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), cps genotypes, serotypes, and presence of classical major virulence-associated marker genes (mrp, epf, and sly). The 42 isolates from endocarditis lesions were assigned to a limited number of STs and clonal complexes (CCs). On the other hand, the 50 isolates from tonsils were diverse in these traits and seemingly in the degree of virulence, suggesting that tonsils can accommodate a variety of S. suis isolates. The goeBURST full algorithm using tonsil isolates obtained in this study and those retrieved from the database showed that major CCs as well as many other clusters were composed of isolates originating from different countries, and some of the STs were very similar to each other despite the difference in country of origin. These findings indicate that S. suis with not only different but also similar mutations in the genome have survived in tonsils independently across different geographical locations. Therefore, unlike the lesions of endocarditis, the tonsils of pigs seemingly accommodate various S. suis lineages. The present study suggests that S. suis acquired its diversity by natural mutations during colonization and persistence in the tonsils of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kubota
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Mari Tohya
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Microbiome Research, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Megumi Ushikubo
- Shibaura Meat Sanitary Inspection Station, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Konan 2-7-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0075, Japan
| | - Miki Yamamoto
- Shibaura Meat Sanitary Inspection Station, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Konan 2-7-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0075, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ariyoshi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yumi Uchitani
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Morika Mitobe
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Rumi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
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Wang L, Sun J, Zhao J, Bai J, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Wang C, Langford PR, Liu S, Li G. A CRISPR-Cas12a-based platform facilitates the detection and serotyping of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Talanta 2024; 267:125202. [PMID: 37734291 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an economically important zoonotic pathogen that causes septicemia, arthritis, and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis serotype 2 is responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry and poses a serious threat to public health, and accurate and rapid detection is important for the prevention and control of epidemic disease. In this study, we developed a high-fidelity detection and serotyping platform for S. suis serotype 2 based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas12a system called Cards-SSJ/K. Cards-SSJ had a detection limit of 10 CFU, takes <60 min, and no cross-reaction was found with other S. suis serotypes, closely related Streptococcus spp., or common pig pathogens, and Cards-SSK could differentiate serotype 2 from serotype 1/2. Results from Cards-SSJ and qPCR were equivalent in detecting S. suis serotype 2 in tissue samples. Analysis indicated that despite a relatively high reagent cost compared to PCR and qPCR, Cards-SSJ was less time-consuming and had low requirements for equipment and personnel. Thus, it is an excellent method for point-of-care detection for S. suis serotype 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Jiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jieyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Chunlai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
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Yang Z, Yang X, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Zhu D, Cheng A. Genome-wide association study reveals serovar-associated genetic loci in Riemerella anatipestifer. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:57. [PMID: 38216873 PMCID: PMC10787497 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disease caused by Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer, RA) results in large economic losses to the global duck industry every year. Serovar-related genomic variation, such as the O-antigen and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) gene clusters, has been widely used for serotyping in many gram-negative bacteria. RA has been classified into at least 21 serovars based on slide agglutination, but the molecular basis of serotyping is unknown. In this study, we performed a pan-genome-wide association study (Pan-GWAS) to identify the genetic loci associated with RA serovars. RESULTS The results revealed a significant association between the putative CPS synthesis gene locus and the serological phenotype. Further characterization of the CPS gene clusters in 11 representative serovar strains indicated that they were highly diverse and serovar-specific. The CPS gene cluster contained the key genes wzx and wzy, which are involved in the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway of CPS synthesis. Similar CPS loci have been found in some other species within the family Weeksellaceae. We have also shown that deletion of the wzy gene in RA results in capsular defects and cross-agglutination. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the CPS synthesis gene cluster of R. anatipestifer is a serotype-specific genetic locus. Importantly, our finding provides a new perspective for the systematic analysis of the genetic basis of the R anatipestifer serovars and a potential target for establishing a complete molecular serotyping scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuang Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Liu Y, Luo S, Yang Z, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Cheng A, Zhu D. Capsular polysaccharide determines the serotyping of Riemerella anatipestifer. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0180423. [PMID: 37823636 PMCID: PMC10714938 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01804-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) is one of the most important veterinary pathogens with at least 21 serotypes. However, the exact polysaccharide(s) that determine R. anatipestifer serotype is still unknown. This study has provided a preliminary exploration of the relationship between capsular polysaccharides and serotyping in R. anatipestifer and suggests possible directions for further investigation of the genetic basis of serotypes in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuxin Luo
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhishuang Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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7
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Murray GGR, Hossain ASMM, Miller EL, Bruchmann S, Balmer AJ, Matuszewska M, Herbert J, Hadjirin NF, Mugabi R, Li G, Ferrando ML, Fernandes de Oliveira IM, Nguyen T, Yen PLK, Phuc HD, Zaw Moe A, Su Wai T, Gottschalk M, Aragon V, Valentin-Weigand P, Heegaard PMH, Vrieling M, Thein Maw M, Thidar Myint H, Tun Win Y, Thi Hoa N, Bentley SD, Clavijo MJ, Wells JM, Tucker AW, Weinert LA. The emergence and diversification of a zoonotic pathogen from within the microbiota of intensively farmed pigs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307773120. [PMID: 37963246 PMCID: PMC10666105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion and intensification of livestock production is predicted to promote the emergence of pathogens. As pathogens sometimes jump between species, this can affect the health of humans as well as livestock. Here, we investigate how livestock microbiota can act as a source of these emerging pathogens through analysis of Streptococcus suis, a ubiquitous component of the respiratory microbiota of pigs that is also a major cause of disease on pig farms and an important zoonotic pathogen. Combining molecular dating, phylogeography, and comparative genomic analyses of a large collection of isolates, we find that several pathogenic lineages of S. suis emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, during an early period of growth in pig farming. These lineages have since spread between countries and continents, mirroring trade in live pigs. They are distinguished by the presence of three genomic islands with putative roles in metabolism and cell adhesion, and an ongoing reduction in genome size, which may reflect their recent shift to a more pathogenic ecology. Reconstructions of the evolutionary histories of these islands reveal constraints on pathogen emergence that could inform control strategies, with pathogenic lineages consistently emerging from one subpopulation of S. suis and acquiring genes through horizontal transfer from other pathogenic lineages. These results shed light on the capacity of the microbiota to rapidly evolve to exploit changes in their host population and suggest that the impact of changes in farming on the pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of S. suis is yet to be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma G. R. Murray
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric L. Miller
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA19041
| | - Sebastian Bruchmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Balmer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Matuszewska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Herbert
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, PortsmouthPO1 2DD, United Kingdom
| | - Nazreen F. Hadjirin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mugabi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Ganwu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Maria Laura Ferrando
- Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, 6700 AHWageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thanh Nguyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phung L. K. Yen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho D. Phuc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Aung Zaw Moe
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thiri Su Wai
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, QuébecJ2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona08193, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover30559, Germany
| | - Peter M. H. Heegaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Manouk Vrieling
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RALelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Min Thein Maw
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Ye Tun Win
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7LG, United Kingdom
- Microbiology Department and Center for Tropical Medicine Research, Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Stephen D. Bentley
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, CambridgeCB10 1RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J. Clavijo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
- Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, 6700 AHWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander W. Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
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8
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Okuhama-Yoshida E, Nakayama M, Hattori M, Takamatsu D, Okura M. Improvement of the mismatch amplification mutation assay-PCR for discrimination between Streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 1/2. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 214:106828. [PMID: 37783232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA)-PCR, which detects a single-nucleotide polymorphism contributed to serological difference between Streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 1/2, is used to discriminate between these serotypes. The present study reports unusual serotype 1/2 isolates untypable by the MAMA-PCR and improvement of the MAMA-PCR for typing such isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Okuhama-Yoshida
- Miyazaki Prefectural Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadoharacho, Miyazaki 880-0212, Japan
| | - Mizuki Nakayama
- Miyazaki Prefectural Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadoharacho, Miyazaki 880-0212, Japan
| | - Miki Hattori
- Fukuoka Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4-14-5 hakozakifutou, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-0051, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan.
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9
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Nicholson TL, Kalalah AA, Eppinger M. Population structure and genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolates obtained from the United States. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250265. [PMID: 37808309 PMCID: PMC10551183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis are an extensive economic problem as well as an animal welfare concern for the global swine industry. Previous studies have evaluated the genomic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates, however, the majority of these studies utilized isolates obtained from countries other than the U.S. This study applied whole genome sequencing and cgMLST-based typing to evaluate the population structure and genetic relatedness among S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. The established high-resolution phylogenomic framework revealed extensive genomic variation and diversity among the sampled S. suis isolates, with isolates from the U.S. and from countries outside the U.S. found interspersed in the phylogeny. S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. did not cluster by state or geographic location, however, isolates with similar serotypes, both obtained from within and outside the U.S., generally clustered together. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values determined for the S. suis genomes were extensively broad, approaching the recommended species demarcation value, and correlated with the phylogenetic group distribution of the cgMLST-based tree. Numerous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements were identified among both U.S. and non-U.S. isolates with ble, tetO, and ermB genes identified as the most prevalent. The epf, mrp, and sly genes, historically used as markers for virulence potential, were also observed in the genomes of isolates that grouped together forming a subclade of clonal complex 1 (CC1) isolates. Collectively, the data in this report provides critical information needed to address potential biosurveillance needs and insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anwar A. Kalalah
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (MMI), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Eppinger
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (MMI), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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10
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Sun H, Luo X, Cui X, Miao Q, He D, Zhao J, Yan F, Pan Y, Zhai Y, Hu G. Prevalence of the optrA gene among Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs and identification of a novel integrative conjugative element ICESsu988S. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104078. [PMID: 37149078 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic environment of the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA in Streptococcus suis (S. suis) isolates from diseased pigs in China. A total of 178 S. suis isolates were screened for the optrA gene by PCR. The phenotypes and genotypes of optrA-positive isolates were investigated by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST), capsular serotypes determination and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Fifty-one (28.7%) S. suis isolates were positive for optrA. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the spread of the optrA among S. suis isolates was primarily due to horizontal transfer. Analysis of S. suis serotypes from diseased pigs revealed substantial diversity. The genetic environment of optrA was complex and diverse and could be divided into 12 different types. Interestingly, we identified a novel integrative and conjugative element ICESsu988S, carrying optrA and erm(T) genes. This is to the best of our knowledge the first report of the optrA and erm(T) co-located on an ICE in S. suis. Our results showed a high prevalence of optrA gene in S. suis isolates in China. Further research is needed to evaluate the importance of ICEs, as they horizontally propagate important clinical resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huarun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xingwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaodie Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingqing Miao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Dandan He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Fengbin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yushan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yajun Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gongzheng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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11
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Hatrongjit R, Fittipaldi N, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Visetnan S, Zheng H, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic comparison of two Streptococcus suis serotype 1 strains recovered from porcine and human disease cases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5380. [PMID: 37009816 PMCID: PMC10068604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Although S. suis serotype 2 strains are most prevalent worldwide, other serotypes are also occasionally detected. Herein, we investigated the genomes of two S. suis serotype 1 strains belonging to the clonal complex 1, which were recovered from a human patient and an asymptomatic pig, respectively. The genomes differed in pathotype, virulence-associated gene (VAG) profile, minimum core genome (MCG) typing, and antimicrobial resistance gene content. The porcine serotype 1 strain was sequence type (ST) 237 and MCG1, whereas the human serotype 1 strain was ST105 and MCG ungroupable. Both strains were susceptible to several antibiotics consisting of β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, macrolides, and clindamycin was observed, which was attributed to the genes tet(O) and erm(B). Analysis of 99 VAG revealed Hhly3, NisK, NisR, salK/salR, srtG, virB4, and virD4 were absent in both serotype 1. However, the porcine strain lacked sadP (Streptococcal adhesin P), whereas the human strain harbored sadP1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that human S. suis ST105 strains from Vietnam were genetically the closest to the human serotype 1 strain, whereas porcine S. suis ST11 strains from China and Thailand were genetically the closest to the porcine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwattana Visetnan
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
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12
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Dong CL, Che RX, Wu T, Qu QW, Chen M, Zheng SD, Cai XH, Wang G, Li YH. New Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistance of Streptococcus suis and Biofilm Formation from Swine in Heilongjiang Province of China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010132. [PMID: 36671333 PMCID: PMC9854593 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotypes of Streptococcus suis in Heilongjiang Province, China. A total of 29 S. suis were isolated from 332 samples collected from 6 pig farms. The results showed that serotypes 2, 4 and 9 were prevalent, and all the clinical isolates were resistant to at least two antibacterial drugs. The most resisted drugs were macrolides, and the least resisted drugs were fluoroquinolones. Resistant genes ermB and aph (3')-IIIa were highly distributed among the isolates, with the detection rates of 79.31% and 75.86%. The formation of biofilm could be observed in all the isolated S. suis, among which D-1, LL-1 and LL-3 strains formed stronger biofilm structure than other strains. The results indicate that S. suis in Heilongjiang Province presents a multi-drug resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, which was caused by the same target gene, the dissemination of drug resistance genes, and bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Qian-Wei Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Si-Di Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271002, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150038, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
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13
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Platt MP, Lin YH, Penix T, Wiscovitch-Russo R, Vashee I, Mares CA, Rosch JW, Yu Y, Gonzalez-Juarbe N. A multiomics analysis of direct interkingdom dynamics between influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae uncovers host-independent changes to bacterial virulence fitness. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1011020. [PMID: 36542660 PMCID: PMC9815659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For almost a century, it has been recognized that influenza A virus (IAV) infection can promote the development of secondary bacterial infections (SBI) mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Recent observations have shown that IAV is able to directly bind to the surface of Spn. To gain a foundational understanding of how direct IAV-Spn interaction alters bacterial biological fitness we employed combinatorial multiomic and molecular approaches. RESULTS Here we show IAV significantly remodels the global transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome profiles of Spn independently of host effectors. We identified Spn surface proteins that interact with IAV proteins (hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, and neuraminidase). In addition, IAV was found to directly modulate expression of Spn virulence determinants such as pneumococcal surface protein A, pneumolysin, and factors associated with antimicrobial resistance among many others. Metabolic pathways were significantly altered leading to changes in Spn growth rate. IAV was also found to drive Spn capsule shedding and the release of pneumococcal surface proteins. Released proteins were found to be involved in evasion of innate immune responses and actively reduced human complement hemolytic and opsonizing activity. IAV also led to phosphorylation changes in Spn proteins associated with metabolism and bacterial virulence. Validation of proteomic data showed significant changes in Spn galactose and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, supplementation with galactose rescued bacterial growth and promoted bacterial invasion, while glucose supplementation led to enhanced pneumolysin production and lung cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate that IAV can directly modulate Spn biology without the requirement of host effectors and support the notion that inter-kingdom interactions between human viruses and commensal pathobionts can promote bacterial pathogenesis and microbiome dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann P. Platt
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yi-Han Lin
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Trevor Penix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rosana Wiscovitch-Russo
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Isha Vashee
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chris A. Mares
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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14
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Liang P, Wang M, Gottschalk M, Vela AI, Estrada AA, Wang J, Du P, Luo M, Zheng H, Wu Z. Genomic and pathogenic investigations of Streptococcus suis serotype 7 population derived from a human patient and pigs. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1960-1974. [PMID: 34635002 PMCID: PMC8525962 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1988725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the important emerging zoonotic pathogens. Serotype 2 is most prevalent in patients worldwide. In the present study, we first isolated one S. suis serotype 7 strain GX69 from the blood culture of a patient with septicemia complicated with pneumonia in China. In order to deepen the understanding of S. suis serotype 7 population characteristics, we investigated the phylogenetic structure, genomic features, and virulence of S. suis serotype 7 population, including 35 strains and 79 genomes. Significant diversities were revealed in S. suis serotype 7 population, which were clustered into 22 sequence types (STs), five minimum core genome (MCG) groups, and six lineages. Lineages 1, 3a, and 6 were mainly constituted by genomes from Asia. Genomes of Lineages 2, 3b, and 5a were mainly from Northern America. Most of genomes from Europe (41/48) were clustered into Lineage 5b. In addition to strain GX69, 13 of 21 S. suis serotype 7 representative strains were classified as virulent strains using the C57BL/6 mouse model. Virulence-associated genes preferentially present in highly pathogenic S. suis serotype 2 strains were not suitable as virulence indicators for S. suis serotype 7 strains. Integrative mobilizable elements were widespread and may play a critical role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes of S. suis serotype 7 strains. Our study confirmed S. suis serotype 7 is a non-negligible pathotype and deepened the understanding of the population structure of S. suis serotype 7, which provided valuable information for the improved surveillance of this serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliu Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana I. Vela
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - April A. Estrada
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Yulin Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yulin, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Jiang X, Zhu L, Zhan D. Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Streptococcus suis type 2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 102:115594. [PMID: 34871933 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, may induce severe infections and symptoms manifested as septicemia, meningitis and even death both in human and pigs. The aim of this article was to develop a new methodology as real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay targeting cps2J gene for the detection of SS2 (or SS1/2). The sensitivity and reproducibility of RT-RPA results were evaluated and compared with a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The established RT-RPA reaction could be completed in 20 minutes with distinguishable specificity against the predominant S. suis infection serotypes of 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, and 31. Lower detection limit for RT-RPA was 102 genomic DNA copies per reaction. The specimen performance of RT-RPA was tested in nasopharyngeal swab samples with the sensitivity and specificity as 97.5% and 100%, respectively. Thus, this RT-RPA method is a rapid and potential molecular diagnostic tool for SS2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Jiang
- Medical School of Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Component of Natural Drugs, Poster-Doctoral Research Center, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lexin Zhu
- Medical School of Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongbo Zhan
- Medical School of Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
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16
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Sulong P, Anudit N, Nuanualsuwan S, Mariela S, Khantasup K. Application of phage display technology for the production of antibodies against Streptococcus suis serotype 2. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258931. [PMID: 34699547 PMCID: PMC8547629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) serotype 2 infection is a problem in the swine industry and responsible for most cases of human infection worldwide. Since current multiplex PCR cannot differentiate between serotypes 2 and 1/2, then serotype-specific antibodies (Abs) are required for serotype identification to confirm infection by serotype 2. This study aimed to generate Abs specific to S. suis serotype 2 by phage display from a human heavy chain variable domain (VH) antibody library. For biopanning, whole cells of S. suis serotype 2 were used as the target antigen. With increasing selection stringency, we could select the VH Abs that specifically bound to a S. suis serotype 2 surface antigen, which was identified as the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). From ELISA analysis, the specific phage clone 47B3 VH with the highest binding activity to S. suis serotype 2 was selected and shown to have no cross-reactivity with S. suis serotypes 1/2, 1, and 14 that shared a common epitope with serotype 2 and occasionally cause infections in human. Moreover, no cross-reactivity with other bacteria that can be found in septic blood specimens was also observed. Then, 47B3 VH was successfully expressed as soluble 47B3 VH in E. coli TG1. The soluble 47B3 VH crude extract was further tested for its binding ability in a dose-dependent ELISA assay. The results indicated that the activity of phage clone 47B3 was still retained even when the Ab occurred in the soluble form. A quellung reaction demonstrated that the soluble 47B3 VH Ab could show bioactivity by differentiation between S. suis serotypes 2 and 1/2. Thus, it will be beneficial to use this VH Ab in the diagnosis of disease or discrimination of S. suis serotypes Furthermore, the results described here could motivate the use of phage display VH platform to produce serotyping antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawadee Sulong
- The Medical Microbiology Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natsinee Anudit
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Segura Mariela
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kannika Khantasup
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Vaccines and Therapeutic Proteins Research Group, the Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Roodsant TJ, Van Der Putten BCL, Tamminga SM, Schultsz C, Van Der Ark KCH. Identification of Streptococcus suis putative zoonotic virulence factors: A systematic review and genomic meta-analysis. Virulence 2021; 12:2787-2797. [PMID: 34666617 PMCID: PMC8632099 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1985760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Over 100 putative virulence factors have been described, but it is unclear to what extent these virulence factors could contribute to zoonotic potential of S. suis. We identified all S. suis virulence factors studied in experimental models of human origin in a systematic review and assessed their contribution to zoonotic potential in a subsequent genomic meta-analysis. PubMed and Scopus were searched for English-language articles that studied S. suis virulence published until 31 March 2021. Articles that analyzed a virulence factor by knockout mutation, purified protein, and/or recombinant protein in a model of human origin, were included. Data on virulence factor, strain characteristics, used human models and experimental outcomes were extracted. All publicly available S. suis genomes with available metadata on host, disease status and country of origin, were included in a genomic meta-analysis. We calculated the ratio of the prevalence of each virulence factor in human and pig isolates. We included 130 articles and 1703 S. suis genomes in the analysis. We identified 53 putative virulence factors that were encoded by genes which are part of the S. suis core genome and 26 factors that were at least twice as prevalent in human isolates as in pig isolates. Hhly3 and NisK/R were particularly enriched in human isolates, after stratification by genetic lineage and country of isolation. This systematic review and genomic meta-analysis have identified virulence factors that are likely to contribute to the zoonotic potential of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Roodsant
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boas C L Van Der Putten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sara M Tamminga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees C H Van Der Ark
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Zhu Y, Dong W, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Pan Z, Liu G, Wu Z, Yao H. Comparative genetic analyses provide clues about capsule switching in Streptococcus suis 2 strains with different virulence levels and genetic backgrounds. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126814. [PMID: 34256310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major bacterial pathogen in the swine industry and an emerging zoonotic agent. S. suis produces an important extracellular component, capsular polysaccharide (CPS), based on which dozens of serotypes have been identified. Through virulence genotyping, we revealed the relatedness between subpopulations of S. suis serotype 2 (SS2), S. suis serotype 3 (SS3) and S. suis serotype 7 (SS7) strains despite their serotype differences. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to characterize the whole S. suis population and revealed capsule switching between S. suis strains. Importantly, capsule switching occurred in the SS2, SS3 and SS7 strains belonging to CC28 and CC29, which are phylogenetically distinct from the main CC1 SS2 lineage. To further explore capsule switching in S. suis, comparative genomic analyses were performed using available complete S. suis genomes. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the SS2 strains could be divided into two clades (1 and 2), and those classified into clade 2 colocalized with SS3 and SS7 strains, in accordance with the above virulence genotyping and MLST analyses. Clade 2 SS2 strains presented high genetic similarity to SS3 and SS7 and shared common competence and defensive elements with them but were significantly different from Clade 1 SS2 strains. Notably, although the cps loci shared by Clade 1 and 2 SS2 strains were almost identical, a specific region of the cps locus of strain NSUI002 (Clade 2 SS2) could be found in the SS3 cps locus but not in the Clade 1 SS2 strain. These data indicated that the SS2 strains in CC28 and CC29 might have acquired the cps locus through capsule switching, which could explain the distinct genetic lineages within the SS2 population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchu Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyang Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG) & Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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19
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Wang J, Yi X, Liang P, Tao Y, Wang Y, Jin D, Luo B, Yang J, Zheng H. Investigation of the Genomic and Pathogenic Features of the Potentially Zoonotic Streptococcus parasuis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070834. [PMID: 34357984 PMCID: PMC8308872 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Streptococcus suis reference strains of serotype 20, 22, and 26 were reclassified as Streptococcus parasuis. The public health significance of S. parasuis is underestimated due to the lack of clinical isolates. In the present study, we first reported two sporadic S. parasuis infections in humans, after using full-length 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes' phylogeny and ANI values of genome sequence comparisons to determine the species of their isolates BS26 and BS27. Compared to highly pathogenic S. suis strain P1/7, S. parasuis strains BS26 and BS27 possessed a delayed capacity to initiate lethal infection, which may attribute to the later production of higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Differed to S. suis strain P1/7, S. parasuis strains did not induce significant inflammatory response in the brain of mice. Histopathological changes in liver and lungs were widely present in mice infected with S. parasuis strains. Our data indicated that the pathogenic mechanism of S. parasuis may be different from that of S. suis. Three lineages in the core-genome phylogenetic tree and ten types of cps gene cluster were found in 13 S. parasuis genomes, indicating high heterogeneity of this species. The similarity of CPS structure and antibiotic-resistant genes relative to S. suis indicated the evolutionary affinity between the two species. Our data suggested S. parasuis is a potential zoonotic pathogen and poses severe threat to health of susceptible people. Further study on the epidemiology and public health significance of S. parasuis is urgently necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xueli Yi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Clinical College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang 533000, China; (X.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Pujun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yuanmeihui Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Bin Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Clinical College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang 533000, China; (X.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Denich L, Farzan A, Friendship R, Arndt E, Ricker N, Gottschalk M, Poljak Z. Study of the relationship between untypable and typable isolates of Streptococcus suis recovered from clinically ill and healthy nursery pigs. Vet Microbiol 2021; 257:109064. [PMID: 33892450 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis naturally colonizes the upper respiratory tract of pigs and can lead to severe disease conditions. Although there are several serotypes associated with disease, untypable isolates have also been observed. The objective of this study was to investigate the relatedness of untypable S. suis isolates detected in clinical cases and healthy pigs in Ontario, Canada, and their relation to typing serotypes. One hundred fifty-six isolates obtained from 33 cases and 26 farm-and-pen-matched control pigs were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq sequencing. Protein sequences of the capsular polysaccharide genes (cps) were identified and analyzed using a maximum likelihood tree. Among the 27 untypable isolates, 3 were from systemic sites of cases and 13 and 11 were from upper respiratory sites of cases and controls, respectively. One hundred fifty-six isolates were grouped into 17 distinct groups based on the cps gene tree. Isolates from these 17 distinct individual cps groups were distributed among a minimum of one farm and maximum of eight farms. Untypable isolates were detected in 12 of those groups and each cps group had untypable isolates present amongst multiple farms. Interestingly, the three systemic untypable isolates not only coexisted with other serotypes found in the same location of the same pigs but were also found among different cps groups. These isolates are of interest and warrant further investigation. Overall, a wide diversity of S. suis among untypable isolates was observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann Denich
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Emily Arndt
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Montréal, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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21
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Capsular polysaccharide switching in Streptococcus suis modulates host cell interactions and virulence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6513. [PMID: 33753801 PMCID: PMC7985379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Streptococcus suis defines various serotypes based on its composition and structure. Though serotype switching has been suggested to occur between S. suis strains, its impact on pathogenicity and virulence remains unknown. Herein, we experimentally generated S. suis serotype-switched mutants from a serotype 2 strain that express the serotype 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, or 14 CPS. The effects of serotype switching were then investigated with regards to classical properties conferred by presence of the serotype 2 CPS, including adhesion to/invasion of epithelial cells, resistance to phagocytosis by macrophages, killing by whole blood, dendritic cell-derived pro-inflammatory mediator production and virulence using mouse and porcine infection models. Results demonstrated that these properties on host cell interactions were differentially modulated depending on the switched serotypes, although some different mutations other than loci of CPS-related genes were found in each the serotype-switched mutant. Among the serotype-switched mutants, the mutant expressing the serotype 8 CPS was hyper-virulent, whereas mutants expressing the serotype 3 or 4 CPSs had reduced virulence. By contrast, switching to serotype 7, 9, or 14 CPSs had little to no effect. These findings suggest that serotype switching can drastically alter S. suis virulence and host cell interactions.
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22
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Tang Y, Bai J, Yang Y, Bai X, Bello-Onaghise G, Xu Y, Li Y. Effect of Syringopicroside Extracted from Syringa oblata Lindl on the Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus suis. Molecules 2021; 26:1295. [PMID: 33673668 PMCID: PMC7957517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Syringopicroside is a natural drug with antibacterial activity, which is the main ingredient of Syringa oblata Lindl (S. oblata). In order to further develop the application of S. oblata and evaluate the ability of syringopicroside against Streptococcus suis (S. suis), this investigation first applied an ultrasonic-assisted method to extract syringopicroside, and then response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to get the optimum condition. Based on RSM analysis, a second-order polynomial equation about the syringopicroside yield and four variables, including ultrasonic power, time, temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio, was purposed. Through RSM prediction and model verification experiments, the optimum conditions were determined, as follows: ultrasonic time was 63 min, temperature was 60 °C, a liquid-to-solid ratio was set to 63 mL/g, and ultrasonic power was 835 W. Under this condition, a high syringopicroside yield was obtained (3.07 ± 0.13 mg/g), which was not significantly different with a predicated value. After separation and purification by HPD 500 microporous resin, then mass spectrum was applied to identify the main ingredient in aqueous extract. A minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay revealed the value against S. suis of syringopicroside was 2.56 µg/µL and syringopicroside with sub-inhibitory concentrations that could effectively inhibit biofilm formation of S. suis. Besides, scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated syringopicroside could destroy the multi-layered aggregation structure of S. suis. Finally, molecular docking analysis confirmed that syringopicroside was combined with Orfy protein of S. suis through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction, and π-π stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Jingwen Bai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - God’spower Bello-Onaghise
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Yaqin Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.); (J.B.); (Y.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
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Wang S, Zhang D, Jiang C, He H, Cui C, Duan W, Hu S, Wang J, Cai X. Strain Characterization of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 28 and 31, Which Harbor the Resistance Genes optrA and ant(6)-Ia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020213. [PMID: 33669225 PMCID: PMC7919788 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis causes disease in pigs and is implicated increasingly in human disease worldwide. Although most clinical cases are associated with serotype 2, infections by other serotypes have sometimes been reported. Here, we sequenced the genome of a multidrug-resistant S. suis serotype 28 (strain 11313) and a multidrug-resistant S. suis serotype 31 (strain 11LB5). Strain 11313 was apathogenic in mouse infection models, whereas strain 11LB5 displayed ganglion demyelination, meningeal thickening, congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, massive proliferation of cortical glial cells, and bacteria (>104 CFU/g) in the spinal cord and ganglia in mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry found that the heavily infiltrated glial cells were astrocytes. Strain 11313 harbored the resistance genes ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), optrA, tet(l), tet(o), and strain 11LB5 harbored the resistance genes ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), tet(40), tet(o/w/32/o), aac(6′)-aph(2″). Mouse studies showed that strain 11LB5 exhibited a similar virulence to serotype 2 strain 700794, highlighting the need for surveillance of the other serotype S. suis isolates, in addition to serotype 2, in farms. This is the first report of the aminoglycoside resistance gene ant(6)-Ia in S. suis from animals. This suggests that S. suis might serve as an antibiotic resistance reservoir, which spreads the resistance gene ant(6)-Ia or optrA to other streptococcal pathogens on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Defu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China;
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Haijuan He
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Weitong Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Shouping Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Xuehui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (X.C.)
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24
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Comparative genomics of Streptococcus parauberis: new target for molecular identification of serotype III. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6211-6222. [PMID: 32440705 PMCID: PMC7241068 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the predicted structure for the cps loci involved in capsule biosynthesis for Streptococcus parauberis serotypes III, IV, and V. Based on the specific serotype regions I, II, and III, a multiplex PCR protocol (mPCR) was designed to differentiate the main serotypes causing fish diseases. A real-time PCR method (qPCR) is also described to identify S. parauberis of serotype III in bacterial cultures and fish tissues. In silico and in vitro analyses revealed that both methods have a 100% specificity. The mPCR assay was optimized for the detection of S. parauberis strains of subtypes Ia (amplicon size 213 bp), subtypes Ib and Ic (both amplicon size 303 bp), serotype II (amplicon size 403 bp), and serotype III (amplicon size 130 bp) from bacterial cultures. The qPCR assay was optimized for the identification and quantification of S. parauberis serotype III strains in bacterial cultures and fish tissues. This assay achieved a sensitivity of 2.67 × 102 gene copies (equivalent to 3.8 × 10-9 ng/μl) using pure bacterial cultures of S. parauberis serotype III and 1.76 × 102 gene copies in fish tissues experimentally and naturally infected with S. parauberis of the serotype III. The specificity and sensitivity of the protocols described in this study suggest that these methods could be used for diagnostic and/or epidemiological purposes in clinical diagnostic laboratories. KEY POINTS: • Structure of loci cps for S. parauberis of serotypes III, IV and V was described. • mPCR to differentiate S. parauberis serotypes causing disease in fish was optimized. • qPCR assay to quantify strains of S. parauberis serotype III in fish tissues.
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25
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Bojarska A, Janas K, Pejsak Z, Otulak-Kozieł K, Garbaczewska G, Hryniewicz W, Sadowy E. Diversity of serotypes and new cps loci variants among Streptococcus suis isolates from pigs in Poland and Belarus. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108534. [PMID: 31902504 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis plays an important role in infections in pigs but information about the epidemiology of this pathogen in Poland and Belarus remains scarce. Ninety-six isolates from brain and lungs were studied by PCR-based serotyping, analysis of virulence-associated determinants and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Selected six isolates were further analyzed by genomic sequencing and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Serotype 2 was most prevalent, followed by serotypes 3, 4, 8 and 7. All isolates carried fbpS; 30, 74 and 79 isolates were positive for epf, mrp and sao, respectively. MLST revealed that while widely distributed clonal complexes, such as 1, 16, 25 and 28 circulate in both countries, a significant part of the population is composed of novel singletons. Six isolates, all positive for the capsule in TEM, harbored cps loci differing to a various degree from these previously described, including one with a novel cps locus (putative NCL21). In conclusion, our study provides first molecular data on S. suis from pigs in the Central/Eastern Europe and contributes to a better characterization of diversity of loci responsible for capsule production in this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bojarska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Pejsak
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Otulak-Kozieł
- Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-766, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Garbaczewska
- Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-766, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Okura M, Maruyama F, Ota A, Tanaka T, Matoba Y, Osawa A, Sadaat SM, Osaki M, Toyoda A, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Takamatsu D. Genotypic diversity of Streptococcus suis and the S. suis-like bacterium Streptococcus ruminantium in ruminants. Vet Res 2019; 50:94. [PMID: 31727180 PMCID: PMC6854688 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Streptococcus suis has attracted public attention as a major swine and human pathogen, this bacterium has also been isolated from other animals, including ruminants. However, recent taxonomic studies revealed the existence of other species that were previously identified as S. suis, and some of these isolates were reclassified as the novel species Streptococcus ruminantium. In Japan, biochemically identified S. suis is frequently isolated from diseased ruminants; however, such isolates have not yet been identified accurately, and their aetiological importance in ruminants is unclear. Therefore, to understand the importance of S. suis and S. suis-like bacteria in ruminants, we reclassified S. suis isolates from ruminants according to the updated classification and investigated their genetic diversity. Although both S. suis and S. ruminantium were isolated from healthy and diseased ruminants, most of the isolates from diseased animals were S. ruminantium, implying that S. ruminantium is more likely to be associated with ruminant disease than S. suis. However, the ruminant S. suis and S. ruminantium isolates from diseased animals were classified into diverse genotypes rather than belonging to certain clonal groups. Genome sequence analysis of 20 S. ruminantium isolates provided information about the antibiotic resistance, potential virulence, and serological diversity of this species. We further developed an S. ruminantium-specific PCR assay to aid in the identification of this bacterium. The information obtained and the method established in this study will contribute to the accurate diagnosis of ruminant streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Atsushi Ota
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Nairiku Meat Inspection Center, Yamagata Prefectural Government, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yohei Matoba
- Murayama Public Health Center, Yamagata Prefectural Government, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Aya Osawa
- Matsumoto Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagano Prefectural Government, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Sayed Mushtaq Sadaat
- Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, Animal Health Directorate, Central Veterinary Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan.,Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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27
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Pang Y, Guo X, Tian X, Liu F, Wang L, Wu J, Zhang S, Li S, Liu B. Developing a novel molecular serotyping system based on capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene clusters of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 309:108332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Willemse N, van der Ark KCH, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Smith H, Picavet DI, van Solt-Smits C, Wisselink HJ, Schultsz C, de Greeff A. Clonal expansion of a virulent Streptococcus suis serotype 9 lineage distinguishable from carriage subpopulations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15429. [PMID: 31659179 PMCID: PMC6817849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a porcine pathogen, causing severe invasive infections. S. suis serotype 9 is increasingly causing disease in Dutch and Chinese pig herds, but it is unknown whether all serotype 9 isolates are equally virulent and markers that can identify virulent strains are not available. Therefore, discrimination between virulent isolates and carriage isolates typically not associated with disease, is currently not possible. We collected tonsillar S. suis isolates from 6 herds not previously diagnosed with S. suis infections, and clinical S. suis isolates of previously diseased pigs. We confirmed the virulence of a virulent type strain and one representative clinical isolate, and the lack of virulence of two carriage isolates, in a pig infection model. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences of 124 isolates resulted in 10 groups, of which two were almost uniquely populated by clinical isolates. The population structure of S. suis serotype 9 appears highly diverse. However, analysis of the capsule loci sequences showed variation in a single region which fully correlated with a virulent genotype. Transmission electron microscopy suggested differences in capsule thickness between carriage and clinical genotypes. In conclusion, we found that that the S. suis serotype 9 population in the Netherlands is diverse. A distinct virulence-associated lineage was identified and could be discriminated based on the capsule locus sequence. Whilst the difference in virulence cannot be directly attributed to the DNA sequence, the correlation of capsule locus sequence with virulence could be used in the development of diagnostic tests to identify potential virulent S. suis serotype 9 in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Willemse
- Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, Paasheuvelweg 25, 1105, BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees C H van der Ark
- Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, Paasheuvelweg 25, 1105, BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221, RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Smith
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221, RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy I Picavet
- EMCA Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conny van Solt-Smits
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221, RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Wisselink
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221, RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, Paasheuvelweg 25, 1105, BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Astrid de Greeff
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221, RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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29
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Genomic Epidemiology of Streptococcus suis Sequence Type 7 Sporadic Infections in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040187. [PMID: 31614790 PMCID: PMC6963630 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen. Serotype 2 and sequence type (ST) 1 are the most frequently reported strains in both infected humans and pigs. ST7 is only endemic to China, and it was responsible for outbreaks in 1998 and 2005 in China. In the present study, 38 sporadic ST7 S. suis strains, which mostly caused sepsis, were collected from patients in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GX) between 2007 and 2018. Of 38 sporadic ST7 strains, serotype 14 was the most frequent (27 strains, 71.1%), followed by serotype 2 (11 strains, 28.9%). The phylogenetic structure of the ST7 population, including epidemic and sporadic ST7 strains, was constructed using mutational single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). High diversity within the ST7 population was revealed and divided into five lineages. Only one sporadic ST7 strain, GX14, from a Streptococcal toxic-shock-like syndrome (STSLS) patient was clustered into the same lineage as the epidemic strains. GX14 and the epidemic strains diverged in 1974. The sporadic ST7 strains of GX were mainly clustered into lineage 5, which emerged in 1980. Comparing to genome of epidemic strain, the major differences in genome of sporadic ST7 strains of GX was the absence of 89 kb pathogenicity island (PAI) specific to epidemic strain and insertion of 128 kb ICE_phage tandem MGE or ICE portion of the MGE. These mobile elements play a significant role in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in sporadic ST7 strains. Our results enhanced the understanding of the evolution of the ST7 strains and their ability to cause life-threatening infections in humans.
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30
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Characterization and Protective Activity of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Capsular Polysaccharide Obtained Using a Glycoconjugate. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030139. [PMID: 31500262 PMCID: PMC6789524 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an encapsulated bacterium and an important swine pathogen. Opsonizing antibody responses targeting capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are protective against extracellular pathogens. To elucidate the protective activity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against S. suis serotype 2 CPS, mice were immunized with a serotype 2 CPS-glycoconjugate and three hybridomas were isolated; of which, two were murine IgMs and the other a murine IgG1. Whereas the IgMs (mAbs 9E7 and 13C8) showed different reactivity levels with S. suis serotypes 1, 1/2, 2 and 14, the IgG1 (mAb 16H11) was shown to be serotype 2-specific. All mAbs targeted the sialylated chain of the CPSs. Using an opsonophagocytosis assay, the IgMs were opsonizing towards the S. suis serotypes to which they cross-react, while the IgG1 failed to induce bacterial elimination. In a model of mouse passive immunization followed by a lethal challenge with S. suis serotype 2, the IgG1 and IgM cross-reacting only with serotype 14 (mAb 13C8) failed to protect, while the IgM cross-reacting with serotypes 1, 1/2, and 14 (mAb 9E7) was shown to be protective by limiting bacteremia. These new mAbs show promise as new S. suis diagnostic tools, as well as potential for therapeutic applications.
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31
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Huang J, Liu X, Chen H, Chen L, Gao X, Pan Z, Wang J, Lu C, Yao H, Wang L, Wu Z. Identification of six novel capsular polysaccharide loci (
NCL
) from
Streptococcus suis
multidrug resistant non‐typeable strains and the pathogenic characteristic of strains carrying new
NCL
s. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:995-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xi Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Li Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xueping Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Zihao Pan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Animal Disease Control Center Shanghai China
| | - Chengping Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis Nanjing China
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32
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Bhat AH, Maity S, Giri K, Ambatipudi K. Protein glycosylation: Sweet or bitter for bacterial pathogens? Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:82-102. [PMID: 30632429 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1547681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation systems in many bacteria are often associated with crucial biological processes like pathogenicity, immune evasion and host-pathogen interactions, implying the significance of protein-glycan linkage. Similarly, host protein glycosylation has been implicated in antimicrobial activity as well as in promoting growth of beneficial strains. In fact, few pathogens notably modulate host glycosylation machineries to facilitate their survival. To date, diverse chemical and biological strategies have been developed for conjugate vaccine production for disease control. Bioconjugate vaccines, largely being produced by glycoengineering using PglB (the N-oligosaccharyltransferase from Campylobacter jejuni) in suitable bacterial hosts, have been highly promising with respect to their effectiveness in providing protective immunity and ease of production. Recently, a novel method of glycoconjugate vaccine production involving an O-oligosaccharyltransferase, PglL from Neisseria meningitidis, has been optimized. Nevertheless, many questions on defining antigenic determinants, glycosylation markers, species-specific differences in glycosylation machineries, etc. still remain unanswered, necessitating further exploration of the glycosylation systems of important pathogens. Hence, in this review, we will discuss the impact of bacterial protein glycosylation on its pathogenesis and the interaction of pathogens with host protein glycosylation, followed by a discussion on strategies used for bioconjugate vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Hussain Bhat
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| | - Sudipa Maity
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| | - Kuldeep Giri
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
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33
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Goyette-Desjardins G, Vinogradov E, Okura M, Takamatsu D, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Structure determination of Streptococcus suis serotypes 7 and 8 capsular polysaccharides and assignment of functions of the cps locus genes involved in their biosynthesis. Carbohydr Res 2018; 473:36-45. [PMID: 30605786 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotypes 7 and 8 are counted among the top six S. suis serotypes causing clinical disease in pigs. Yet, limited information is available on these serotypes. Since S. suis serotyping system is based upon capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigenicity and the CPS is considered a major virulence factor for encapsulated pathogens, here we determined for the first time the chemical compositions and structures of serotypes 7 and 8 CPSs. Chemical and spectroscopic data gave the following repeating unit sequences: [3)L-Rha(α1-P-2)D-Gal(α1-4)D-GlcA(β1-3)D-FucNAc4N(α1-]n for serotype 7 and [2)L-Rha(α1-P-4)D-ManNAc(β1-4)D-Glc(α1-]n for serotype 8. As serotype 8 CPS is identical to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F CPS, dot-blot analyses showed a strong reaction of the 19F polysaccharide with reference anti-S. suis serotype 8 rabbit serum. A correlation between S. suis serotypes 7 and 8 sequences and genes of those serotypes' loci encoding putative glycosyltransferases and polymerases responsible for the biosynthesis of the repeating units was tentatively established. Knowledge of CPS structure and composition will contribute to better dissect the role of this bacterial component in the pathogenesis of the disease caused by S. suis serotypes 7 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada; National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Komatsu T, Watando E, Inaba N, Sugie K, Okura M, Shibahara T. Bovine vegetative endocarditis caused by Streptococcus suis. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1567-1571. [PMID: 30210095 PMCID: PMC6207521 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-month-old crossbred beef steer died after exhibiting astasia. A postmortem examination revealed verrucous endocarditis and numerous renal hemorrhages. Gram-positive bacteria were identified in the necrotic lesions of the verruca and mitral valve via histopathological analysis. Multifocal necrosis and hemorrhage were detected in the renal cortex. Gram-positive cocci isolated from the verruca were identified via biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Streptococcus suis. Serotyping indicated that the S. suis isolates were untypable, following which these isolates were classified as a new sequence type (ST1000) via multi-locus sequence typing. S. suis is an important pathogen of pigs. However, clinical cases in cattle are rare. This report is intended to provide information that may be useful in the diagnosis of streptococcal disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Komatsu
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-306 Jizono, Miaicho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0805, Japan
| | - Eri Watando
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-306 Jizono, Miaicho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0805, Japan
| | - Nanami Inaba
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-306 Jizono, Miaicho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0805, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Sugie
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-306 Jizono, Miaicho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0805, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Auger JP, Dolbec D, Roy D, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Role of the Streptococcus suis serotype 2 capsular polysaccharide in the interactions with dendritic cells is strain-dependent but remains critical for virulence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200453. [PMID: 30001363 PMCID: PMC6042740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. However, serotype 2 strains are heterogeneous, composed of a multitude of sequence types (STs) whose distribution greatly varies worldwide. Of the virulence factors presently described for S. suis, the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a critical factor implicated in a multitude of functions, including in impairment of phagocytosis and innate immune cell activation by masking underlying bacterial components. However, these roles have been described using Eurasian ST1 and ST7 strains, which greatly differ from North American ST25 strains. Consequently, the capacity of the CPS to mask surface antigens and putative virulence factors in non-Eurasian strains remains unknown. Herein, the role of the S. suis serotype 2 CPS of a prototype intermediate virulent North American ST25 strain, in comparison with that of a virulent European ST1 strain, with regards to interactions with dendritic cells, as well as virulence during the systemic phase of infection, was evaluated. Results demonstrated that the CPS remains critical for virulence and development of clinical disease regardless of strain background, due to its requirement for survival in blood. However, its role in the interactions with dendritic cells is strain-dependent. Consequently, certain key characteristics associated with the CPS are not necessarily applicable to all S. suis serotype 2 strains. This indicates that though certain factors may be important for S. suis serotype 2 virulence, strain background could be as determining, reiterating the need in using strains from varying backgrounds in order to better characterize the S. suis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Auger
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominic Dolbec
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Roy
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Goyette-Desjardins G, Vinogradov E, Okura M, Takamatsu D, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Streptococcus suis serotype 3 and serotype 18 capsular polysaccharides contain di-N-acetyl-bacillosamine. Carbohydr Res 2018; 466:18-29. [PMID: 30014879 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 3 is counted among the S. suis serotypes causing clinical disease in pigs. Yet, limited information is available on this serotype. Here we determined for the first time the chemical composition and structure of serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a major bacterial virulence factor and the antigen at the origin of S. suis classification into serotypes. Chemical and spectroscopic data gave the repeating unit sequence for serotype 3: [4)D-GlcA (β1-3)d-QuiNAc4NAc(β1-]n. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of di-N-acetyl-d-bacillosamine (QuiNAc4NAc) containing polysaccharides in Streptococci and the second time this rare diamino sugar has been observed in a Gram-positive bacterial species since its initial report. This led to the identification of homologues of UDP-QuiNAc4NAc synthesis genes in S. suis serotype 18. Thus, the repeating unit sequence for serotype 18 is: [3)d-GalNAc(α1-3)[d-Glc (β1-2)]d-GalA4OAc(β1-3)d-GalNAc(α1-3)d-QuiNAc4NAc(α1-]n. A correlation between S. suis serotypes 3 and 18 CPS sequences and genes of these serotypes' cps loci encoding putative glycosyltransferases and polymerase responsible for the biosynthesis of the repeating unit was tentatively established. Knowledge of CPS structure and composition will contribute to better dissect the role of this bacterial component in the pathogenesis of S. suis serotypes 3 and 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada; National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Roy D, Takamatsu D, Okura M, Goyette-Desjardins G, Van Calsteren MR, Dumesnil A, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Capsular Sialyltransferase Specificity Mediates Different Phenotypes in Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 29666608 PMCID: PMC5891629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) represents a key virulence factor for most encapsulated streptococci. Streptococcus suis and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) are both well-encapsulated pathogens of clinical importance in veterinary and/or human medicine and responsible for invasive systemic diseases. S. suis and GBS are the only Gram-positive bacteria which express a sialylated CPS at their surface. An important difference between these two sialylated CPSs is the linkage between the side-chain terminal galactose and sialic acid, being α-2,6 for S. suis but α-2,3 for GBS. It is still unclear how sialic acid may affect CPS production and, consequently, the pathogenesis of the disease caused by these two bacterial pathogens. Here, we investigated the role of sialic acid and the putative effect of sialic acid linkage modification in CPS synthesis using inter-species allelic exchange mutagenesis. To this aim, a new molecular biogenetic approach to express CPS with modified sialic acid linkage was developed. We showed that sialic acid (and its α-2,6 linkage) is crucial for S. suis CPS synthesis, whereas for GBS, CPS synthesis may occur in presence of an α-2,6 sialyltransferase or in absence of sialic acid moiety. To evaluate the effect of the CPS composition/structure on sialyltransferase activity, two distinct capsular serotypes within each bacterial species were compared (S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and GBS serotypes III and V). It was demonstrated that the observed differences in sialyltransferase activity and specificity between S. suis and GBS were serotype unrestricted. This is the first time that a study investigates the interspecies exchange of capsular sialyltransferase genes in Gram-positive bacteria. The obtained mutants represent novel tools that could be used to further investigate the immunomodulatory properties of sialylated CPSs. Finally, in spite of common CPS structural characteristics and similarities in the cps loci, sialic acid exerts differential control of CPS expression by S. suis and GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Rose Van Calsteren
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Dumesnil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Vötsch D, Willenborg M, Weldearegay YB, Valentin-Weigand P. Streptococcus suis - The "Two Faces" of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 29599763 PMCID: PMC5862822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus (S.) suis is a frequent early colonizer of the upper respiratory tract of pigs. In fact, it is difficult to find S. suis-free animals under natural conditions, showing the successful adaptation of this pathogen to its porcine reservoir host. On the other hand, S. suis can cause life-threatening diseases and represents the most important bacterial cause of meningitis in pigs worldwide. Notably, S. suis can also cause zoonotic infections, such as meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other diseases in humans. In Asia, it is classified as an emerging zoonotic pathogen and currently considered as one of the most important causes of bacterial meningitis in adults. The “two faces” of S. suis, one of a colonizing microbe and the other of a highly invasive pathogen, have raised many questions concerning the interpretation of diagnostic detection and the definition of virulence. Thus, one major research challenge is the identification of virulence-markers which allow differentiation of commensal and virulent strains. This is complicated by the high phenotypic and genotypic diversity of S. suis, as reflected by the occurrence of (at least) 33 capsular serotypes. In this review, we present current knowledge in the context of S. suis as a highly diverse pathobiont in the porcine respiratory tract that can exploit disrupted host homeostasis to flourish and promote inflammatory processes and invasive diseases in pigs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Vötsch
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Willenborg
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yenehiwot B Weldearegay
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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39
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Design and production of conjugate vaccines against S. Paratyphi A using an O-linked glycosylation system in vivo. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:4. [PMID: 29423317 PMCID: PMC5799188 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric fever, mainly caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, remains a common and serious infectious disease worldwide. As yet, there are no licensed vaccines against S. Paratyphi A. Biosynthesis of conjugate vaccines has become a promising approach against bacterial infection. However, the popular biosynthetic strategy using N-linked glycosylation systems does not recognize the specialized O-polysaccharide structure of S. Paratyphi A. Here, we describe an O-linked glycosylation approach, the only currently available glycosylation system suitable for an S. Paratyphi A conjugate vaccine. We successfully generated a recombinant S. Paratyphi A strain with a longer O-polysaccharide chain and transformed the O-linked glycosylation system into the strain. Thus, we avoided the need for construction of an O-polysaccharide expression vector. In vivo assays indicated that this conjugate vaccine could evoke IgG1 antibody to O-antigen of S. Paratyphi A strain CMCC 50973 and elicit bactericidal activity against S. Paratyphi A strain CMCC 50973 and five other epidemic strains. Furthermore, we replaced the peptides after the glycosylation site (Ser) with an antigenic peptide (P2). The results showed that the anti-lipopolysaccharide antibody titer, bactericidal activity of serum, and protective effect during animal challenge could be improved, indicating a potential strategy for further vaccine design. Our system provides an easier and more economical method for the production of S. Paratyphi A conjugate vaccines. Modification of the glycosylation site sequon provides a potential approach for the development of next-generation “precise conjugate vaccines.” When bound to an immune system stimulator, bacterial surface molecules can elicit antibodies against the main cause of paratyphoid fever. Paratyphoid fever is highly similar to typhoid fever; however, without any licensed vaccine. Hengliang Wang, Li Zhu, Jun Wu and Ming Zeng, alongside a team of scientists from China’s Beijing Institute of Biotechnology and National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, developed a vaccine consisting of surface sugar chains from ‘Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A.’ The chains were bound to a protein known to provoke the immune system (cholera toxin B subunit) and boost potential immunity. The vaccine generated protective antibodies against the S. enterica bacteria, was improved when the protein was altered to be more immune-reactive and offered a more practical, economic synthesis route compared to previous ‘conjugated’ vaccines.
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40
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Tall H, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Mounkoro D, Tidjani L, Agbenoko K, Alassani I, Amidou M, Tamekloe S, Laing KG, Witney AA, Hinds J, van der Linden MPG, Gessner BD, Moïsi JC. Identification of Streptococcus suis Meningitis through Population-Based Surveillance, Togo, 2010-2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:1262-4. [PMID: 27314251 PMCID: PMC4918179 DOI: 10.3201/eid2207.151511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2010-2014, we enrolled 511 patients with suspected bacterial meningitis into surveillance in 2 districts of northern Togo. We identified 15 persons with Streptococcus suis infection; 10 had occupational contact with pigs, and 12 suffered neurologic sequelae. S. suis testing should be considered in rural areas of the African meningitis belt.
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Zheng H, Du P, Qiu X, Kerdsin A, Roy D, Bai X, Xu J, Vela AI, Gottschalk M. Genomic comparisons of Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strains recovered from diseased pigs in Spain and Canada. Vet Res 2018; 49:1. [PMID: 29316972 PMCID: PMC5759227 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in the porcine industry and also a zoonotic agent. Serotype 9 is becoming one of the most prevalent serotypes within the S. suis population in certain European countries. In the present study, serotype 9 strains isolated from a country where infection due to this serotype is endemic (Spain), were compared to those recovered from Canada, where this serotype is rarely isolated from diseased pigs. For comparison purposes, strains from Brazil and the only strain isolated from a human case, in Thailand, were also incorporated. Firstly, sequence types (STs) were obtained followed by detection of putative virulence factors. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the non-recombinant single nucleotide polymorphisms from core genomes of tested strains. Most Spanish strains were either ST123 or ST125, whereas Canadian strains were highly heterogeneous. However, the distribution of putative virulence factors was similar in both groups of strains. The fact that ST16 strains harbored more putative virulence genes and shared greater similarity with the genome of human serotype 2 strains suggests that they present a higher zoonotic and virulence potential than those from Canada and Spain. More than 80% of the strains included in this study carried genes associated with resistance to tetracycline, lincosamides and macrolides. Serotype 9 strains may be nearly 400 years old and have evolved in parallel into 2 lineages. The rapid population expansion of dominant lineage 1 occurred within the last 40 years probably due to the rapid development of the porcine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Pengchen Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Bangkok, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - David Roy
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xuemei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Ana I Vela
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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van der Wal FJ, Achterberg RP, van Solt-Smits C, Bergervoet JHW, de Weerdt M, Wisselink HJ. Exploring target-specific primer extension in combination with a bead-based suspension array for multiplexed detection and typing using Streptococcus suis as a model pathogen. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 30:71-77. [PMID: 28980519 PMCID: PMC5753849 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717730384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of an assay based on target-specific primer
extension, combined with a suspension array, for the multiplexed detection and
typing of a veterinary pathogen in animal samples, using Streptococcus
suis as a model pathogen. A procedure was established for
simultaneous detection of 6 S. suis targets in pig tonsil
samples (i.e., 4 genes associated with serotype 1, 2, 7, or 9, the generic
S. suis glutamate dehydrogenase gene
[gdh], and the gene encoding the extracellular protein factor
[epf]). The procedure was set up as a combination of
protocols: DNA isolation from porcine tonsils, a multiplex PCR, a multiplex
target-specific primer extension, and finally a suspension array as the readout.
The resulting assay was compared with a panel of conventional PCR assays. The
proposed multiplex assay can correctly identify the serotype of isolates and is
capable of simultaneous detection of multiple targets in porcine tonsillar
samples. The assay is not as sensitive as the current conventional PCR assays,
but with the correct sampling strategy, the assay can be useful for screening
pig herds to establish which S. suis serotypes are circulating
in a pig population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fimme J van der Wal
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - René P Achterberg
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - Conny van Solt-Smits
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - Jan H W Bergervoet
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - Marjanne de Weerdt
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - Henk J Wisselink
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
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Abstract
The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is the major virulence factor of the emerging zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. CPS differences are also the basis for serological differentiation of the species into 29 serotypes. Serotypes 2 and 1/2, which possess identical gene content in their cps loci, express CPSs that differ only by substitution of galactose (Gal) by N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) in the CPS side chain. The same sugar substitution differentiates the CPS of serotypes 14 and 1, whose cps loci are also identical in gene content. Here, using mutagenesis, CPS structural analysis, and protein structure modeling, we report that a single amino acid polymorphism in the glycosyltransferase CpsK defines the enzyme substrate predilection for Gal or GalNAc and therefore determines CPS composition, structure, and strain serotype. We also show that the different CPS structures have similar antiphagocytic properties and that serotype switching has limited impact on the virulence of S. suis.
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Zeidan AA, Poulsen VK, Janzen T, Buldo P, Derkx PMF, Øregaard G, Neves AR. Polysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria: from genes to industrial applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:S168-S200. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Wang S, Wang C, Gao L, Cai H, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Xu C, Ding W, Chen J, Muhammad I, Chen X, He X, Liu D, Li Y. Rutin Inhibits Streptococcus suis Biofilm Formation by Affecting CPS Biosynthesis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:379. [PMID: 28670278 PMCID: PMC5472726 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) form biofilms and causes severe diseases in humans and pigs. Biofilms are communities of microbes embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Eradicating biofilms with the use of antibiotics or biocides is often ineffective and needs replacement with other potential agents. Compared to conventional agents, promising and potential alternatives are biofilm-inhibiting compounds without impairing growth. Here, we screened a S. suis adhesion inhibitor, rutin, derived from Syringa. Rutin, a kind of flavonoids, shows efficient biofilm inhibition of S. suis without impairing its growth. Capsular polysaccharides(CPS) are reported to be involved in its adherence to influence bacterial biofilm formation. We investigated the effect of rutin on S. suis CPS content and structure. The results showed that rutin was beneficial to improve the CPS content of S. suis without changing its structure. We further provided evidence that rutin specifically affected S. suis biofilm susceptibility by affecting CPS biosynthesis in vitro. The study explores the antibiofilm potential of rutin against S. suis which can be used as an adhesion inhibitor for the prevention of S. suis biofilm-related infections. Nevertheless, rutin could be used as a novel natural inhibitor of biolfilm and its molecular mechanism provide basis for its pharmacological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Lingfei Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Bio-Vaccine Co. Ltd. (Hayao Vaccine),Harbin, China
| | - Yonghui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Yanbei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Changgeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Wenya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Xinmiao He
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Bio-Vaccine Co. Ltd. (Hayao Vaccine),Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
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Okura M, Nozawa T, Watanabe T, Murase K, Nakagawa I, Takamatsu D, Osaki M, Sekizaki T, Gottschalk M, Hamada S, Maruyama F. A Locus Encoding Variable Defense Systems against Invading DNA Identified in Streptococcus suis. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:1000-1012. [PMID: 28379509 PMCID: PMC5398294 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic pathogen, is known to have an open pan-genome and to develop a competent state. In S. suis, limited genetic lineages are suggested to be associated with zoonosis. However, little is known about the evolution of diversified lineages and their respective phenotypic or ecological characteristics. In this study, we performed comparative genome analyses of S. suis, with a focus on the competence genes, mobile genetic elements, and genetic elements related to various defense systems against exogenous DNAs (defense elements) that are associated with gene gain/loss/exchange mediated by horizontal DNA movements and their restrictions. Our genome analyses revealed a conserved competence-inducing peptide type (pherotype) of the competence system and large-scale genome rearrangements in certain clusters based on the genome phylogeny of 58 S. suis strains. Moreover, the profiles of the defense elements were similar or identical to each other among the strains belonging to the same genomic clusters. Our findings suggest that these genetic characteristics of each cluster might exert specific effects on the phenotypic or ecological differences between the clusters. We also found certain loci that shift several types of defense elements in S. suis. Of note, one of these loci is a previously unrecognized variable region in bacteria, at which strains of distinct clusters code for different and various defense elements. This locus might represent a novel defense mechanism that has evolved through an arms race between bacteria and invading DNAs, mediated by mobile genetic elements and genetic competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takayasu Watanabe
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Murase
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shigeyuki Hamada
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Thailand-Japan Collaboration Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Wang K, Wu Z, Yao H, Qiu Y, Lu C. Identification and Detection of Serotype-Specific Genes: Effective Serotyping of Streptococcus suis. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Zheng H, Qiu X, Roy D, Segura M, Du P, Xu J, Gottschalk M. Genotyping and investigating capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene loci of non-serotypeable Streptococcus suis isolated from diseased pigs in Canada. Vet Res 2017; 48:10. [PMID: 28219415 PMCID: PMC5322794 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent. Most clinical S. suis strains express capsular polysaccharides (CPS), which can be typed by antisera using the coagglutination test. In this study, 79 S. suis strains recovered from diseased pigs in Canada and which could not be typed using antisera were further characterized by capsular gene typing and sequencing. Four patterns of cps locus were observed: (1) fifteen strains were grouped into previously reported serotypes but presented several mutations in their cps loci, when compared to available data from reference strains; (2) seven strains presented a complete deletion of the cps locus, which would result in an inability to synthesize capsule; (3) forty-seven strains were classified in recently described novel cps loci (NCLs); and (4) ten strains carried novel NCLs not previously described. Different virulence gene profiles (based on the presence of mrp, epf, and/or sly) were observed in these non-serotypeable strains. This study provides further insight in understanding the genetic characteristics of cps loci in non-serotypeable S. suis strains recovered from diseased animals. When using a combination of the previously described 35 serotypes and the complete NCL system, the number of untypeable strains recovered from diseased animals in Canada would be significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - David Roy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pengchen Du
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Novel Capsular Polysaccharide Loci and New Diagnostic Tools for High-Throughput Capsular Gene Typing in Streptococcus suis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:7102-7112. [PMID: 27694240 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02102-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs and may cause serious disease in humans. Serotyping is an important tool for detection and epidemiological studies of S. suis Thirty-three reference serotypes and nine novel cps loci (NCLs) are recognized in S. suis To gain a better understanding of the prevalence and genetic characteristics of NCLs, we investigated the serotype identity of 486 isolates isolated between 2013 and 2015 in China by capsular gene typing methods. Two hundred seventy-six isolates carried NCLs belonging to 16 groups, 8 of which appear to have not been reported previously. These isolates showed autoagglutination, polyagglutination, or nonagglutination with reference antisera and thus were nonserotypeable. Almost all isolates carrying the unknown NCLs were encapsulated, with various capsular thicknesses, indicating that they are most likely novel serotypes. To simultaneously identify the currently recognized 17 NCLs, an 18-plex detection system using the Luminex xTAG universal array technology was developed. Our data also provide valuable genetic information for monitoring the variations within NCLs by investigating the genetic characteristics of different subtypes within NCLs. IMPORTANCE Nonserotypeable Streptococcus suis isolates have been reported in many studies, and 9 novel cps loci (NCLs) have already been identified in nonserotypeable isolates. Moreover, novel cps loci are continually being found. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of NCLs in S. suis isolates recovered between 2013 and 2015 in China. This study provides valuable genetic information for monitoring the variations within NCLs. Meanwhile, a fast and cost-effective 18-plex detection system that can simultaneously identify the currently recognized 17 NCLs was developed in this study. This system will serve as a valuable tool for detecting known and identifying additional novel cps loci among nonserotypeable S. suis isolates.
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50
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Athey TBT, Teatero S, Lacouture S, Takamatsu D, Gottschalk M, Fittipaldi N. Determining Streptococcus suis serotype from short-read whole-genome sequencing data. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:162. [PMID: 27449127 PMCID: PMC4957933 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is divided into 29 serotypes based on a serological reaction against the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Multiplex PCR tests targeting the cps locus are also used to determine S. suis serotypes, but they cannot differentiate between serotypes 1 and 14, and between serotypes 2 and 1/2. Here, we developed a pipeline permitting in silico serotype determination from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) short-read data that can readily identify all 29 S. suis serotypes. Results We sequenced the genomes of 121 strains representing all 29 known S. suis serotypes. We next combined available software into an automated pipeline permitting in silico serotyping of strains by differential alignment of short-read sequencing data to a custom S. suis cps loci database. Strains of serotype pairs 1 and 14, and 2 and 1/2 could be differentiated by a missense mutation in the cpsK gene. We report a 99 % match between coagglutination- and pipeline-determined serotypes for strains in our collection. We used 375 additional S. suis genomes downloaded from the NCBI’s Sequence Read Archive (SRA) to validate the pipeline. Validation with SRA WGS data resulted in a 92 % match. Included pipeline subroutines permitted us to assess strain virulence marker content and obtain multilocus sequence typing directly from WGS data. Conclusions Our pipeline permits rapid and accurate determination of S. suis serotype, and other lineage information, directly from WGS data. By discriminating between serotypes 1 and 14, and between serotypes 2 and 1/2, our approach solves a three-decade longstanding S. suis typing issue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0782-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn B T Athey
- Public Health Ontario Toronto Laboratory, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Sarah Teatero
- Public Health Ontario Toronto Laboratory, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Public Health Ontario Toronto Laboratory, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1 Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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